Search

This paper aims to deal with George Eliot's masterpiece Middlemarch, focusing on a provincial life lived during 1829-1832 in a fictitious Midland town. This novel is peopled with many psychologically probed characters. The novel channels the readers across a social spectrum to the status of women, the nature of marriage, idealism, self-interest, religion, hypocrisy, political reform, education. The action of the novel revolves round the lives of residents of Middlemarch, spanning the period of four years from 1829 to 1832, the year when the Reform Act took effect. This paper particularly focuses on the philosophy on death. Though titled 'Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial', the novel is concluded by the last words 'unvisited tombs'. The death here, rather than marking a end of experience, points to the beginning of remembrance or the contemplation on the meaningfulness of a particular life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper explores how the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) conflicts with annual budgeting and how University actors responded to such conflicting demands in a public university in Tanzania, a developing country. Design/methodology/approach: The data for this study were collected from interviews, observations and document reviews. Data analysis processes were guided by the concepts of organizational façades and organized hypocrisy. Findings: The findings show that while the state required the university to implement the MTEF, budget preparers and managers were concentrating on basic budgeting problems in annual budgeting. As a result of these conflicting demands decoupling occurred, as there were inconsistencies between the talk and actions of actors in MTEF implementation. In response, actors engaged in organized hypocrisy. The talk and actions were organized by developing pro-effective and symbolic layers. The pro-effective layer showed that actors were concentrating on annual budgeting, while the symbolic layer, through the creation of façades, showed that actors symbolically implemented the MTEF. Practical implications: The paper suggests that budgetary reforms of governments, Western donors, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and bilateral donors should focus on addressing the basic problems in annual budgeting rather than advocating complex reforms that compel actors to engage in hypocrisy and developing façades. Moreover, university management should address basic budgeting problems to avoid budgeting games during annual budgeting. Originality/value: This is the first paper to employ the concept of organized hypocrisy to investigate the MTEF. By demonstrating the pro-effective layer, the paper responds to the call for investigation of how accounting works in practice (van Helden et al., 2021). Moreover, by presenting the symbolic layer, the paper responds to the call to investigate how facades are created (Michelon et al., 2016). The paper demonstrates how the concept of organized hypocrisy works well with the concept of organizational facades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theorists on Christian leadership on a broad scale embrace servant leadership theory (Åkerlund, 2015; Bredfeldt, 2006, pp. 88–89). There is, however, also an awareness of the deficiencies of the theory in light of Christian realism. This article looks at what may be called the dark side of leadership posed by the challenge of the problem of evil in theological anthropology. There are of course several dark sides of leadership and the one which is addressed here is the problem of hypocrisy in Christian leadership. Against this backdrop, Jesus’ criticism of the hypocrisy of some Jewish religious leaders may be helpful with Matthew 23 as the central text. In this chapter which Benedict Viviano has called the least loved chapter in the gospel of Matthew (Viviano, 1990, p. 3), Jesus provides a scathing attack on the contemporary Jewish religious leaders. The criticism of the leadership gives several negative principles for Christian leadership and the overall problem may be identified as hypocrisy. This article analyzes the problem of hypocrisy in leadership in Matthew’s gospel situated within the gospel itself and the overarching theological concern. Whereas hypocrisy is identified as Matthew’s moral nightmare, the moral dream may be called wholeness, providing the consistency between the inward nature of a person which the hypocrite lacks. A distinct Matthean response to the problem of hypocrisy in Christian leadership is formulated both by way of identifying hypocrisy and by describing the path towards wholeness through repentance and God-centered living which is laid out in Matthew’s gospel.

Hypocrisy is a trait that is very hated in Islam and is a disgraceful trait for its adherents. Hypocrisy is a trait possessed by the enemies of Islam who want to destroy the glory of Islam from within, even trying to destroy Islamic countries, especially those in the Middle East, where Islam first appeared and spread widely among Arabs. This paper aims to find out the practice of hypocritical behavior that occurs at the country level by using a qualitative method that focuses on a literature approach, That is by collecting data obtained from various references in the form of articles, journals, books and research related to material objects and formal objects which are then analyzed using the conspiracy theory of Robert O Zelency (1987). The result of this research is the double standard political success played by the United States who wants to control the oil fields in Egypt and Syria under the guise of calling for democratization in the government system. America acts as a friend to Egypt in the process of transitioning from authoritarian power to democracy and has been very active in guarding the decline of Hosni Mubarak from his leadership, while in Syria, America has supported opposition groups to overthrow a legitimate government that is considered to be running the government in a dictatorial way. America also provided assistance to opposition groups in the form of weapons to expedite the process of overthrowing Bashar Al-Assad from power. America's double-standard politics towards Egypt and Syria is a project undertaken to realize a larger agenda in the geopolitical national political arena.

The text is a book review titled "Remembering Antônia Teixeira: A Story of Missions, Violence, and Institutional Hypocrisy" published in the Journal of Religious History. The review discusses the book's comprehensive analysis of Indian Buddhism during the colonial and early postcolonial eras, highlighting its valuable insights on the lesser-known aspects of modern Indian history. The reviewer acknowledges the limitations of the study, such as the absence of perspectives from Indian women and the lack of analysis on the impact of seminal historical events on Indian Buddhism. However, overall, the book is praised for its well-researched and dedicated effort to shed light on the developments in Buddhist circles in India during the specified period. Another book review in the same text discusses a different book that exposes the racism, sexism, and xenophobia involved in the cover-up of a sexual abuse case by Baylor University and missionaries of the Southern Baptist Convention. The review highlights the collaboration between two historians from the United States and Brazil, which provides perspectives invisible to Anglophone historians. The book documents the harm caused by religious triumphalism and colonialism and is commended for its meticulous scholarship. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the research: to demonstrate the importance of the existence of criteria and criteria for adopting thought and controlling action, and to be the starting point and to it the reference, and that matters of faith are the most important matters of religion, criteria, controls and criteria, and that they are comprehensive for the six foundations of faith. Research method: the inductive analytical method. Results: What distinguishes the religion of Islam: the existence of criteria, standards and descriptions that control the path and define what is required. The doctrinal standards include issues related to the meaning of faith and its inclusion of the action of the limbs, its increase and decrease, as well as the unification of Lordship, names, attributes and divinity, and the chapters of disbelief, polytheism, hypocrisy, heresy and sins that contradict it. In the texts of revelation related to the gates of the angels and the prophets, peace be upon them, and the revealed books, the Last Day, and fate, there are many standards, standards, and controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral character is widely expected to lead to moral judgements and practices. However, such expectations are often breached, especially when moral character is measured by self‐report. We propose that because self‐reported moral character partly reflects a desire to appear good, people who self‐report a strong moral character will show moral harshness towards others and downplay their own transgressions—that is, they will show greater moral hypocrisy. This self‐other discrepancy in moral judgements should be pronounced among individuals who are particularly motivated by reputation. Employing diverse methods including large‐scale multination panel data (N = 34,323), and vignette and behavioural experiments (N = 700), four studies supported our proposition, showing that various indicators of moral character (Benevolence and Universalism values, justice sensitivity, and moral identity) predicted harsher judgements of others' more than own transgressions. Moreover, these double standards emerged particularly among individuals possessing strong reputation management motives. The findings highlight how reputational concerns moderate the link between moral character and moral judgement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have long recognized how Romans 1–2 is replete with resonances of Stoic traditions as they have referred to specific similarities in Seneca's writings and the impact on the interpretation of the letter. Nevertheless, a significant parallel to Paul's polemic against his fictitious opponent in Rom 2:17–24 has been neglected, namely, Seneca's invective in Epistle 59. There, the Stoic calls out the "yonder man," who harms others despite being known as "most gentle"; who robs others despite being considered "most generous"; and who engages in drunkenness and lust despite his reputation of being "most-temperate." This parallel is also relevant because, like that of Romans 2, the larger context of Epistle 59 also regards human depravity. Therefore, in this article, I will seek to buttress the conclusions from scholars regarding how well Romans 2 aligns with passages from Seneca. I will also aim to show, however, that—in contrast to Paul—Seneca shows solidarity with his interlocutor by recognizing his own shortcomings. Hence, while the similarities help scholars understand how Stoic traditions impact the creation and interpretation of Romans, the convergence between Epistle 59 and Romans 2 also highlights their great divergence. Thus, while the comments in Epistle 59 support the arguments regarding Stoic influence in Romans, the parallels remind the scholar that even as Paul draws upon Stoic ideas and rhetorical devices to deride his interlocutor, he would also consider himself and his fellow believers as not only distant from the likes of the pretentious yonder man but from the humble hypocrisy of Seneca too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay investigates Richardson and Fielding's projection of social mobility and the intrinsic conditionality of virtue and honor that is essential for social transformation. Maintaining a virtuous status among morally corrupt people destabilizes the established stereotypical view of social hierarchy and incites some aristocratic people's passion for their servants, violating the consolidation of social class boundaries. Pursuant to the principles of the progressive ideology, some members of the upper class authoritatively thwart endeavors for upward mobility, except for social progression coupled with moral standing and good reputation that is propitiously received with communal acceptance and approbation. Therefore, the novels entail that values of good ethics, chastity, and piety become fundamental requirements for maintaining and enhancing social standing regardless of any prospective deterioration in the material situation. Both novels resist the ideology that honor as virtue is an inherited value that is vested in a certain class by ancestry and heredity. Contrary to this supposition, both contexts associate moral corruption with social degradation and document it historically to reform sinful practices and immodesty. Finally, the authors aspire for ideal societies where the holders of virtue and honor should be rewarded for resisting moral corruption, the allure of materialism, and the greed of capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In school bullying, witnesses play a fundamental role because their defensive reactions can stop bullying situations. However, a great majority of witnesses remain passive despite their prodefense personal beliefs. To address this gap between witnesses' beliefs and behaviors, we developed and tested two social psychology strategies, namely, the induced hypocrisy and implementation intention. In an experimental and longitudinal study (N = 101), we randomly divided 7th- and 8th-grade students into three conditions, namely, control, induced hypocrisy, or implementation intention. Linear mixed models showed that the two strategies immediately increased planned defending behaviors as well as self-reported defending behaviors at three months but with a stronger effect at three months for the induced hypocrisy strategy. These new prevention avenues for practitioners are discussed according to current approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitality institutions are striving for legitimacy, which leads them to organizational hypocrisy, generating perceptions of inducement breach, future anxiety, and ultimately reduced Job Embeddedness. This study has identified industry and environmental situation-specific constructs in a mutual relationship to fill a theoretical gap. An electronic survey of 2100 frontline employees was administered among which 842 completed surveys were retained for analysis. The validity of the measures and the absence of common method bias were established. SPSS PROCESS was used to compute the serial mediation eects. Contrary to existing knowledge, the results of this study indicate that organizational hypocrisy increases employee job embeddedness. Three reasons identified for this result are Asian culture sample, prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic, and the necessity of hypocrisy emphasized by scholars. The study also presents an underlying mechanism that makes this relationship negative through perceived inducement breach and future anxiety. This study focuses on HOW and IF organizational hypocrisy has detrimental eects, thus adding empirical evidence to otherwise exploratory literature. For hospitality industry, employees are an irreplaceable resource that provides competitive advantages; they need to align their values with that of their employees by word and actions or risk losing the [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the decline of French influence in Africa and the growing role of Russia in the region. It highlights the contradiction of France supporting authoritarian regimes in some countries while criticizing others, which generates discomfort and accusations of hypocrisy. Additionally, it mentions the accusation of arrogance against the French and their attitude towards African migrants. On the other hand, it points out that Russia is taking advantage of the credibility deficit of the West and is strengthening its presence in Africa through diplomatic activities and arms sales. In summary, the article shows how French influence in Africa is being challenged by Russia. [Extracted from the article]

Struggles for recognition, rooted in the desire to be acknowledged by others, are fundamental to the stability of international orders. All international orders face actors with recognition grievances, and sometimes these grievances become major sources of contention. At the same time, each international order faces struggles that are specific to its mode of legitimation because they are rooted in challenges over the constituent elements of that order. The liberal international order (LIO) is no exception to this rule. Unlike international orders that are organized through explicit social hierarchies, the LIO claims to foster egalitarian, meritocratic justice based around universal, 'rational' standards. Yet it is clear to many actors around the world that the LIO has historically been, and remains today, premised on 'irrational', unjust forms of hierarchical recognition, often organized around group identity. This opens up the LIO to charges of hypocrisy. We trace the ways in which this 'hypocrisy charge' is levelled by both LIO 'outsiders' and 'insiders', arguing that it generates an irresolvable tension within the LIO. This tension may not spell the end of the LIO, but it does point to a period of extended contention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good chunk of the recent discussion of hypocrisy concerned the hypocritical "moral address" where, in the simplest case, a person criticises another for ϕ -ing having engaged in ϕ -ing himself, and where the critic's reasons are overtly moral. The debate has conceptual and normative sides to it. We ask both what hypocrisy is, and why it is wrong. In this paper I focus on the conceptual explication of hypocrisy by examining the pragmatic features of the situation where accusations of hypocrisy are made. After rejecting several extant views, I defend the idea that moral criticisms are best understood as moves in an agonistic or hostile conversation, and that charges of hypocrisy are attempts to prevent the hypocrite from gaining an upper hand in a situation of conflict. I finish by linking this idea to frame-theoretic analysis and evolutionary psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theorists on Christian leadership on a broad scale embrace servant leadership theory (Åkerlund, 2015; Bredfeldt, 2006, pp. 88-89). There is, however, also an awareness of the deficiencies of the theory in light of Christian realism. This article looks at what may be called the dark side of leadership posed by the challenge of the problem of evil in theological anthropology. There are of course several dark sides of leadership and the one which is addressed here is the problem of hypocrisy in Christian leadership. Against this backdrop, Jesus' criticism of the hypocrisy of some Jewish religious leaders may be helpful with Matthew 23 as the central text. In this chapter which Benedict Viviano has called the least loved chapter in the gospel of Matthew (Viviano, 1990, p. 3), Jesus provides a scathing attack on the contemporary Jewish religious leaders. The criticism of the leadership gives several negative principles for Christian leadership and the overall problem may be identified as hypocrisy. This article analyzes the problem of hypocrisy in leadership in Matthew's gospel situated within the gospel itself and the overarching theological concern. Whereas hypocrisy is identified as Matthew's moral nightmare, the moral dream may be called wholeness, providing the consistency between the inward nature of a person which the hypocrite lacks. A distinct Matthean response to the problem of hypocrisy in Christian leadership is formulated both by way of identifying hypocrisy and by describing the path towards wholeness through repentance and God-centered living which is laid out in Matthew's gospel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the teachings of Islam, social trust involves placing others as the pillars of the Islamic countries, which needs to be maintained. Therefore, any promise or action that undermines the social trust of the people as a social capital is one of the most important anti-social factors that must be dealt with. In view of that, Islam is struggling against hypocrisy as an antisocial trend, because it damages social trust when a hypocrite preaches one thing and does another; in other words, the deeds do not confirm the words. That is why citizens cannot believe and trust in their promises, because such individuals do not fulfil them at any time. In this context, officials are suggested to respect the principle of transparency in the governance of Islamic societies in order to improve citizens' social trust. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of transparent governance based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balagha in creating social trust among 428 Iranian Muslim citizens in 2022. In sum, the results indicated that transparent governance has a significant positive effect on citizens' social trust in the officials of Islamic societies, as calculated by structural equation modelling in Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) (path coefficient = 0.58; t-value = 5.54). Contribution: This study provided a new insight into the role of transparent governance in creating and strengthening social trust among the officials and citizens of Islamic societies, which deserves further attention by governments and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual double standards are social norms that impose greater social opprobrium on women versus men or that permit one sex greater sexual freedom than the other. This study examined sexual double standards when choosing a mate based on their sexual history. Using a novel approach, participants (N = 923, 64% women) were randomly assigned to make evaluations in long-term or short-term mating contexts and asked how a prospective partner's sexual history would influence their own likelihood of having sex (short-term) or entering a relationship (long-term) with them. They were then asked how the same factors would influence the appraisal they would make of male and female friends in a similar position. We found no evidence of traditional sexual double standards for promiscuous or sexually undesirable behavior. There was some evidence for small sexual double standard for self-stimulation, but this was in the opposite direction to that predicted. There was greater evidence for sexual hypocrisy as sexual history tended to have a greater negative impact on suitor assessments for the self rather than for same-sex friends. Sexual hypocrisy effects were more prominent in women, though the direction of the effects was the same for both sexes. Overall, men were more positive about women's self-stimulation than women were, particularly in short-term contexts. Socially undesirable sexual behavior (unfaithfulness, mate poaching, and jealous/controlling) had a large negative impact on appraisals of a potential suitor across all contexts and for both sexes. Effects of religiosity, disgust, sociosexuality, and question order effects are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socialinė Teorija, Empirija, Politika ir Praktika (STEPP) is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate tax avoidance and the impact of consumer awareness on the constructs. We show that consumer awareness has the effect of decreasing the positive relation between CSR ratings and tax avoidance levels. Our findings are robust to various measures of our constructs. Collectively, the findings of this study lend credence to the risk‐management view of CSR and demonstrate that consumer awareness acts as a behavioral intervention and governance mechanism to help mitigate corporate hypocrisy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many individuals accuse brands of hypocrisy for lacking transparency and sincerity, which could harm the brands' image and lead to negative evaluations. Accusations of hypocrisy can also result in negative behavioral outcomes, such as brand distance and negative word of mouth (nWOM). This is particularly true for food brands, as it depends on individuals' nutrition consciousness. Therefore, this study aims to explore the serial mediating effect of brand image and brand evaluations of the effect of the brand (mission) hypocrisy on both brand distance and nWOM, and the moderating role of nutrition consciousness on these indirect effects. Data was collected from 463 Turkish participants, and moderated serial mediation analyses were performed to test the research hypotheses. As a result, brand hypocrisy has a direct effect on brand evaluations, brand distance, and nWOM; nutrition consciousness has a moderating role on the effect of brand hypocrisy on brand image, and finally, brand image and brand evaluations serially mediate the effect of brand hypocrisy on brand distance and nWOM, where nutrition consciousness moderates both indirect effects. Thus, the current study theoretically and empirically advances the limited literature on brand hypocrisy and nutrition consciousness, and focuses on the assessment process of individuals and its behavioral outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The induced-hypocrisy paradigm is an effective two-step procedure--normativesalience step and then transgressions-salience step--for encouraging normative behaviors. In the context of promoting school bullying victim support among witnesses, this study tests whether the activation of a subjective norm rather than a social norm as traditionally practiced in the hypocrisy procedure can enhance the hypocrisy effect. Middle school students (N = 191) were assigned to either the control, social-norm-hypocrisy, or subjective-norm-hypocrisy conditions. Victim-defending intentions were measured immediately and one month later. The results showed a significant increase, ranging from control, then social-norm-hypocrisy, to subjectivenorm-hypocrisy conditions, in students' victim-defending intentions. These results extend the scope of induced hypocrisy and contribute to progress in investigating processes underlying the hypocrisy effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) aspirations by companies have been identified as a motivating factor for active employee participation in CSR implementation. However, a failure to practise what one preaches can backfire and lead to attribution of hypocrisy. Drawing on a qualitative study of an award-winning sustainability pioneer in the cosmetics sector, we explore the role of moral judgement in how and when employees interpret word–deed misalignment in CSR implementation as hypocritical. First, our case reveals that high CSR aspirations by companies raise employees' moral expectations. Second, we develop a framework that explains variations in employees' hypocrisy interpretations based on consequentialist and deontological forms of moral judgement. Our research advances a contextual view of hypocrisy, not as an objective characteristic of an organisation, but as an outcome of interpretative processes of perceived motives and results in CSR implementation. Our framework thereby explains why even highly committed organisations may face accusations of hypocrisy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern public sphere, ordinary people may display hypocrisy in political participation, showing contradictory attitudes across different social issues. But there still exists another type of hypocritical attitude within one single issue, such as agreeing with LGBT rights but refusing to amend the current Civil Code simultaneously in the case of Taiwan. In the same-sex marriage legalizing process, the hypocritical attitude could be observed in Taiwan's conservative campus, together with the explicitly prejudiced attitude. In this article, we explored the existence of the hypocritical attitude on this issue and discovered its psychological foundations. We conducted an online questionnaire survey in 2018 (N = 544) to measure Taiwanese participants' attitudes toward same-sex marriage and their psychological dispositions of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Our results showed that while attitudes toward LGBT rights and speciallaw were negatively correlated, several participants showed the hypocrisy of positive attitudes toward the two sets of questions simultaneously. The hypocritical people shared similar psychological dispositions with the explicitly prejudiced people as high in RWA and SDO while differentiated from the LGBTfriendly people. Attitudinal hypocrisy and explicit prejudice constitute two sides of the conservative camp in Taiwan, which is based on the Confucianism cultural value of interpersonal harmony. The cultural and societal implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Praise, unlike blame, is generally considered well intended and beneficial, and therefore in less need of scrutiny. In line with recent developments, we argue that praise merits more thorough philosophical analysis. We show that, just like blame, praise can be problematic by expressing a failure to respect a person's equal value or worth as a person. Such patronizing praise, however, is often more insidious, because praise tends to be regarded as well intended and beneficial, which renders it harder to recognize and object to. Among other things, a philosophical analysis of patronizing praise helps people on the receiving end articulate why they feel uncomfortable or offended by it, shows patronizing praisers how their praise is problematic, and provides input for further philosophical analysis of blame. In the first section of the paper, we discuss how hypocritical praise, just like hypocritical blame, can fail to respect the equality of persons by expressing that the praiser applies more demanding moral standards to the praisee than to themself. We further discuss obstructionist praise, which loosely corresponds to complicit blame, and can similarly express that certain moral standards apply to others but not to the praiser. In the second part of the paper, we discuss another variety of patronizing praise. Praise can be an inaccurate appraisal of a person based on irrelevant considerations – like race, gender, or class – and thereby constitute a failure to recognize their equal worth as a person. We identify three ways in which such praise can manifest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated how people, as uninvolved social observers (i.e., those not affected by the emotion expresser's behavior), judge hypocrisy in a target who publicly expresses their self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame and guilt) after making an immoral decision, then repeats the same immoral behavior again. Results across the two studies conducted showed that participants viewed the target as more hypocritical when the target expressed guilt (vs. shame) for their past misdeed and then committed the same act again. The present study suggests that social perceivers tend to infer expressions of guilt (and of shame to a lesser degree) as signaling future changes, which is reflected in judgments of hypocrisy. The study further discusses implications for the social functions of emotional expression and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change politics is a key area where the EU demonstrates an ambition for global leadership. Yet, analysts and practitioners point to significant disconnections between the EU's discourse and practice in this area. In what particular ways do these disconnections occur? This article uses the concepts of 'organised hypocrisy' and 'organisational façades' to address this question. Offering a framework to analyse the EU's talk, decisions, and actions in climate diplomacy, these two concepts provide a nuanced understanding of the way in which the Union handles conflicting demands from strategic actors in global climate politics. This article argues that engaging in hypocrisy by portraying different facets of the Union has been a primary way in which the EU has managed to adapt its negotiation positions in climate diplomacy by addressing conflicting external conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism of the book "Whim for Whim" by Maria Edgeworth is presented. It outlines the characters and explores the hypocrisy supposedly enlightened cultural elites. It mentions that Edgeworth's views on slavery and race has so far been dominated by explorations of Belinda. An overview of the story is also given.

The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the attitudes of students of masters programmes in business towards cheating in exams and how to prevent this and instigate behavioural change. This was done by measuring the actual incidence of cheating, as well as the relationship between attitudes towards cheating and actual behaviour, in order to predict the willingness to cheat. The practical problem was solved by means of selected scientific theories and approaches to attitude and behavioural change in universities and business organisations. The results of the research presented are based on a questionnaire survey conducted among students of masters programmes in business in Slovakia (N=241) and in Croatia (N=156). The questionnaire examined the ethical attitude towards cheating (N=5 items) and the methods applied to cheat in exams (N=10 items). The survey revealed that 83.4% of Slovak and 93% of Croat students of masters programmes in business engaged in some form of cheating behaviour and that the attitude of Slovaks and Croats to cheating statistically significantly differed. A positive attitude towards cheating was found to be held by 17% of Slovak students and 18.6% of Croat students (statistically insignificant difference), a neutral attitude by 47.3% of Slovak students and 30.1% of Croat students (statistically significant difference), and a negative attitude by 34.4% of Slovak students and 51.3% of Croat students (statistically significant difference). The lowest level of cheating behaviour was among those students with a negative attitude to cheating (Slovak sample 19.1% or N=16 hypocritical students; Croatian sample 44.3% or N=35 hypocritical students). Having a positive or neutral attitude to cheating was an excellent predictor of cheating behaviour; a negative attitude proving much weaker. The obtained results have strong implications for the reputations and credibility of universities, as well as have a major impact on organisational behaviour/human resources management (OB/HRM) in business organisations. For universities, the implementation of the Ajzen theory of planned behaviour is proposed. For cheating behaviour in business organisations, preventive and reactive OB/HRM measures are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good life combines lively living and a good purpose, which depend on action results and consequences. They supervene upon the action results that create life's meaning. A good life is never evil because evil deeds, as such, are not part of the agent's action repertoire. Agents cannot claim them as their own; if they do, dishonest hypocrisy and social stigmatization follow. But, when action results are good, the purpose is good, too. One cannot realize an evil purpose by acting morally. I argue against the idea that a passive, dreaming life could be a good life. I discuss specific kinds of religious life that follow a monastic rule. A good life may not be happy, although it tends to be so. I discuss various theories of happiness, including the traditional Socratic view that virtue and virtue only make an agent happy. I conclude that a good life is not the same as a virtuous life; hence, a good life can be unhappy. To conclude, I discuss personal autonomy in social life. A good life requires that one's actions and goals are one's own, but such ownership is hard to realize because of a social life's complicated and demanding mutual dependencies. I conclude that full ownership is fiction, so a good life is a social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Marmara University Journal of Turkology / Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Marmara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article introduces the primary and secondary functions of the anti-value concept of insincerity in the comic discourse of English culture. The anti-value concept of insincerity is considered as a complex concept. The author performed a cognitive and axiological analyses of the primary and secondary functions of this concept within comic discourse. The analysis featured 50 episodes of stand-up comedy, 40 episodes of various sketchcoms, and 500 episodes of various sitcoms. Insincerity proved to be a complex humorous concept actualized through primary and secondary functions. The primary function of the concept is realized through obvious lies or hypocrisy. In its secondary function, the concept of insincerity is actualized in making fun of various anti-values, e.g., greed, cowardice, cruelty, lust, etc. In modern English culture, insincerity is a positive means of ridiculing other anti-values. In such cases, stupidity of the deceived one is usually ridiculed, and insincerity becomes a sign of smartness or cunning.

It is sometimes suggested that even democratic politicians need to dirty their hands in ways that render hypocrisy, lying and deception unavoidable and even justified. By contrast, we draw on John Rawls’ Political Liberalism to argue that the ‘reasonable disagreements’ occasioned by the ‘fact of pluralism’ that make democratic politics necessary can only be resolved in ways congruent with democratic norms if politicians are truthful in Bernard Williams’ sense, and adhere to the related virtues of ‘sincerity’ and ‘accuracy’. Supplementing Eric Beerbohm’s ‘relational model’ of campaign ethics with Suzanne Dovi’s account of the ‘good representative’, we argue that these both entail the virtues of truthfulness. We contend the contemporary crisis of representation associated with the rise of technocracy and populism can be linked to the ways both undermine these virtues through their common rejection of pluralism and the related need for truthfulness. Consequently, both involve deformations of ‘good’ democratic representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the competing roles that contemporary public and school librarians juggle, advocating for youth literacy remains a priority. Both school and public librarians can support parents by providing the most current research insights to inform their approach to supporting reading in the home. Quantitative survey data from the 997 young participants illuminate the relationships between reading frequency, gender and parental encouragement. Semi-structured interviews explore the kinds of parental encouragement children perceived, allowing for an exploratory investigation to yield novel findings. While encouragement is generally being focused on the children who need it, girls receive more encouragement to read than boys even though they typically read more frequently. Reading encouragement was perceived to be related to varying parental objectives, such as valuing literacy skills and learning benefits, screen respite, providing access, shared reading, and establishing expectations, with children cognizant of parental hypocrisy in relation to low modeling. As literacy advocates, librarians can communicate that boys need to receive greater parental encouragement, encouragement may need to be high-quality to be effective, and parental modeling remains important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine why organizations that obtain prominent certifications may at times elect not to publicize them. Drawing on the impression management literature, we argue and show that concerns about being perceived as hypocritical may cause organizations to strategically withhold their certification status. Using a longitudinal panel of corporations that were members of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, a prominent environmental certification, we show that in the face of reputational threats, organizations are less likely to publicize their certification status when the threat appears to directly contradict the claims implied by the certification. Our findings suggest that the threat of hypocrisy is amplified for firms with stronger reputations in the same domain as the certification and when audience members better understand and value the certification. Our findings delineate new boundary conditions under which firms will make prosocial claims and inspire reconsideration of long-held assumptions about the process of decoupling the implementation and communication of socially valued practices. This study also provides insights for scholars of nonmarket strategy on how corporations strategically communicate with external constituents about their sustainability initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]