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In this study, we fabricated an efficient and low-cost carbon-doped titania (C–TiO2) counter electrode (CE) as a substitute for platinum (Pt) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By varying different weight ratios, C–TiO2 samples were synthesized through the hydrothermal synthesis method followed by calcination in a tube furnace. The doctor blade coating method was used to deposit thin films of the synthesized samples onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Structural and morphological properties were studied by using various analytical techniques. Moreover, the electrochemical and photo-conversion characteristics of the fabricated CEs were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results of the fabricated CEs showed electrocatalytic activity comparable to the Pt in the DSSCs. Meanwhile, photovoltaic measurement results showed the best-performing 15% C–TiO2 CE having 1.56% power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to Pt, which is 2.12%. This study proposed a simple method to fabricate a low-cost and efficient C–TiO2 CE for DSSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, cerium dioxide (CeO2) has attracted considerable attention owing to its remarkable performance in various applications, including photocatalysis, fuel cells, and catalysis. This study explores the effect of nickel (Ni) doping on the structural, thermal, and chemical properties of CeO2 nanorods, particularly focusing on oxygen vacancy-related phenomena. Utilizing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), alterations in crystal structure and peak shifts were observed, indicating successful Ni doping and the formation of Ni2O3 at higher doping levels, likely due to non-equilibrium reactions. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed changes in oxygen release mechanisms, with increasing Ni doping resulting in the release of lattice oxygen at lower temperatures. Raman spectroscopy corroborated these findings by identifying characteristic peaks associated with oxygen vacancies, facilitating the assessment of Ni doping levels. Ni-doped CeO2 can catalyze the ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue, which has good application prospects for catalytic ultrasonic degradation of organic pollutants. Overall, this study underscores the substantial impact of Ni doping on CeO2 nanorods, shedding light on tailored catalytic applications through the modulation of oxygen vacancies while preserving the nanorod morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HM-HAP) composites coated with titania are prepared to increase the stability and catalytic performance of titania for azo dyes present in the wastewater system. In this work, HM-HAP particles were first synthesized by a hydrothermal method utilizing the CaCO3 core as a template and then coated with titania to form TiO2/HM-HAP composites. Utilizing SEM, XRD, XPS, BET, FTIR, EDS, UV–vis DRS spectroscopy, and point of zero charge (PZC) analysis, the coating morphological and physicochemical parameters of the produced samples were analyzed. The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized coated composites was assessed by the degradation of methyl red (MR) dye in water. The results indicated that TiO2/HM-HAP particles could efficiently photodegrade MR dye in water under UV irradiation. The 20% TiO2/HM-HAP coating exhibited high catalytic performance, and the degradation process was followed by the pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.033. The effect of pH on the degradation process was also evaluated, and the maximum degradation was observed at pH 6. The analysis of degraded MR dye products was investigated using LC-MS and FTIR analysis. Finally, a good support material, HM-HAP for TiO2 coatings, which provides a large number of active adsorption sites and has catalytic degradation performance for MR dye, was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, nitrogen‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CQDs) are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. N‐CQDs exhibit strong fluorescence, and N‐CQDs are well dispersed in water as well as in various organic solvents. N‐CQDs emit multi‐color fluorescence from blue to red, with wavelengths in the range of 450–650 nm without the need for purification. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission of N‐CQDs was selectively quenched after adding Fe3+ ions. N‐CQDs were used as a nanoprobe for the detection of Fe3+ ions, showing a good linear correlation between the fluorescence emission and the concentration of Fe3+ in the Fe3+ concentration range from 0 to 100 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was 55.7 μM for Fe3+ in water and 40.2 μM in fetal bovine serum (FBS) samples. The study shows that the synthesized N‐CQDs have low cost and great potential for application in biological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxalic acid (OA) is a predominant constituent in kidney stones, contributing to 70–80% of all cases. Rapid detection of OA is vital for the early diagnosis and treatment of kidney stone conditions. This work introduces a novel electrochemical sensing approach for OA, leveraging vanadium disulfide (VS2) nanoflowers synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis. These VS2 nanoflowers, known for their excellent electrocatalytic properties and large surface area, are used to modify glassy carbon electrodes for enhanced OA sensing. The proposed OA sensor exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity across a wide linear detection range of 0.2–20 μM, with an impressively low detection limit of 0.188 μM. The practicality of this sensor was validated through interference studies, offering a promising tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of kidney stone diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a method for synthesizing highly porous single phase of α‐Ni(OH)2 via hydrothermal route is presented. Nitrogen‐ and phosphorous‐functionalized carbon dots (N,P‐CDGMP) are first synthesized by thermal refluxing of 1,5′‐guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in ethylene glycol. Then Ni(OH)2 is synthesized in the presence of N,P‐CDGMP by hydrothermal method. Microflower‐like morphology of porous nanocomposite of Ni(OH)2‐[N,P‐CDGMP] with significantly enhanced Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (454 m2 g−1) is formed, which is 32 times higher than that of the pristine Ni(OH)2. The cyclic voltammetry plot suggests battery‐type supercapacitor with a specific capacity of 632 C g−1, which is 6 times higher than the pristine Ni(OH)2 (107 C g−1). The enhanced specific capacity of Ni(OH)2‐[N,P‐CDGMP] is attributable to better intercalation–deintercalation of electrolyte ions in the suitable pore volumes. Electrode kinetic studies measured at a scan rate of 0.005 V s−1 suggest that about 86% of charge is stored via diffusion‐controlled process and the charge storage by surface‐controlled capacitive process is higher at higher scan rate (e.g., at 0.1 V s−1). The application of Ni(OH)2‐[N,P‐CDGMP] is demonstrated by fabricating a hybrid supercapacitor device Ni(OH)2‐[N,P‐CDGMP]//porous activated carbon from eucalyptus wood. The retention of specific capacitance of the device is 75% after 3000 cycles with maximum energy density of 31 Wh kg−1 and power density of 0.76 kW kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a new type of non-enzymatic nanostructured biosensor designed for the concurrent determination of dopamine, cholesterol, and glucose in human blood samples. The prepared biosensor using low-temperature one-pot hydrothermal processing is a Zn-doped SnO2-dispersed nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO)/Zn-SnO2 nanocomposite. This modified electrode allows direct electron transfer and thus offers electrochemical techniques to detect target molecules in analytes without the use of enzymes. The biosensor displayed good voltammetric responses within the human reference range: 20–70 nM for dopamine, 1–8 mM for cholesterol, and 1–10 mM for glucose. It also showed excellent reusability and can be restored by washing with ethanol. Due to the use of Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles for enhanced catalytic activity and N-rGO for high conductivity and active sites, sensitive and selective detection can be achieved. This hybrid composite demonstrates excellent catalytic activity, repeatability, stability, and clinical comparability for real-time measurement of dopamine, cholesterol, and glucose simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteroatom (such as Ti, Sn, Zr, and Hf) zeolites that contain Lewis acid site (LAS) centers with tetrahedral coordination confined in micropores with various topologies are able to catalyze reactions distinct from those catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites (BASs). In particular, these LAS centers are able to coordinate with two oxygen atoms of one or two oxygenated molecules on a single LAS simultaneously, which are suitable for the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenates via unique reaction pathways, and have been widely explored in the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenates to value-added products. In this review, methods of conventional hydrothermal synthesis, improved direct synthesis (such as interzeolite transformation and dry gel conversion) and post-synthesis (such as solid-state ion change, structural reconstruction and grafting) are compared. Next, approaches for the qualification and quantification of the location (framework or extra-framework), fine structure (closed or open), and acidity of heteroatom centers are summarized. Thereafter, we present the applications of Lewis acid zeolites in the conversion of platform oxygenates of hexoses, furan derivatives and acid derivatives via reactions of isomerization, Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction, oxidation, and ketonization. Notably, the integration of multiple steps into a one-pot cascade reaction for the conversion of oxygenates (for example, glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural to γ-valerolactone) mediated by the synergy of LASs and BASs or metal sites is also discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in the low-cost synthesis and large-scale application of Lewis acid zeolites for the green and sustainable synthesis of chemicals are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the formation of a stable 3D monolith based on manganese oxide for the adsorption of lithium from brine. The precursor phase was prepared by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis and a subsequent calcination process to achieve the desired crystalline phase LiMn2O4. The monolith was formed using additive manufacturing, which allowed its size and shape to be controlled. Subsequently, this monolith was washed with a HCl solution to generate adsorption sites for lithium. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, N2 physisorption, and SEM‐EDS. Analysis confirmed that the 3D monolith retained its crystalline structure throughout the process. The kinetic characteristics of the adsorption process were evaluated using pseudo‐first and pseudo‐second order equations, as well as Freundlich and Langmuir equations, to describe thermodynamic equilibrium. Monoliths were able to capture lithium up to 13.84 mg/g and the Freundlich equation described the equilibrium (R2=0.9751), while the second‐order equation better described the kinetic behavior (R2=0.9130). Results showed that monoliths are selective towards lithium in the presence of competing cations. The stability of the materials was evaluated in adsorption‐desorption cycles, demonstrating a competitive reuse after five cycles. This research presents a promising new approach for developing efficient lithium extraction methods from brine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a simple one-step hydrothermal synthesis of La doped SnO 2 nanocomposites was studied. The structure, morphology, specific surface area, and chemical composition were determined by XRD, SEM, BET, and XPS techniques. The gas sensing performance of SnO 2 and La/SnO 2 nanocomposites with varied La doping dosages on n-butanol gas was systematically investigated. The results manifested that under the testing environment (50 % relative humidity and 30 °C), La doped SnO 2 nanocomposite sensor presented high response (69), excellent selectivity, good repeatability and long-time stability to n-butanol gas at 160 °C. Especially, the 7 mol% La doped SnO 2 sensor displayed a 5.9 times higher response to 50 ppm n-butanol than the SnO 2 sensor. In comparison with bare SnO 2 , La doping increased the band gap value of 7 mol% La/SnO 2 nanocomposite by 6.23 %, decreased particle size by 11.83 %, and increased the oxygen defect concentration by 6.07 %. Due to the synergistic effect of the above factors, the gas sensing performance of La doped SnO 2 nanocomposites towards n-butanol gas was enhanced. Therefore, La doped SnO 2 nanocomposites might be a potential gas sensing material for monitoring n-butanol gas at relatively high humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc indihuhium sulfide (ZIS), among various semiconductor materials, shows considerable potential due to its simplicity, low cost, and environmental compatibility. However, the influence of precursor anions on ZIS properties remains unclear. In this study, we synthesized ZIS via a hydrothermal method using four different anionic precursors (ZnCl2/InCl3, Zn(NO3)2/In(NO3)3, Zn(CH3CO2)2/In(CH3CO2)3, and Zn(CH3CO2)2/In2(SO4)3), resulting in distinct morphologies and crystal structures. Our findings reveal that ZIS produced from Zn(CH3CO2)2/In2(SO4)3 (ZIS-AceSO4) exhibited the highest photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency, achieving a CO production yield of 134 μmol g−1h−1. This enhanced performance is attributed to the formation of more zinc and indium vacancy defects, as confirmed by EDS analysis. Additionally, we determined the energy levels of the valence band maximum (VBM) and the conduction band minimum (CBM) via UPS and absorption spectra, providing insights into the band alignment essential for photocatalytic processes. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the anionic precursor's impact on ZIS properties but also offer new avenues for optimizing photocatalytic CO2 reduction, marking a significant advancement over previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is an attractive semiconductor. Thus, bandgap engineering toward photoelectronic applications is appealing yet not well studied. Here, we report the incorporation of sulfur atoms into MoO3, using sulfur powder as a source of sulfur, via a self-developed hydrothermal synthesis approach. The formation of Mo-S bonds in the MoO3 material with the synergistic effect of sulfur doping and oxygen vacancies (designated as S-MoO3−x) is confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The bandgap is tuned from 2.68 eV to 2.57 eV upon sulfur doping, as confirmed by UV-VIS DRS spectra. Some MoS2 phase is identified with sulfur doping by referring to the photoluminescence (PL) spectra and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), allowing significantly improved charge carrier separation and electron transfer efficiency. Therefore, the as-prepared S-MoO3−x delivers a sensitive photocurrent response and splendid cycling stability. This study on the synergistic effect of sulfur doping and oxygen vacancies provides key insights into the impact of doping strategies on MoO3 performance, paving new pathways for its optimization and development in relevant fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource saving and creation of environmentally safe environment are the guidelines of modern world policy in the field of waste management. This paper considers a possible method of utilization of a by-product of aluminum fluoride production—silica gel—as an alternative high-silica raw material for hydrothermal synthesis of LTA-type zeolites. To obtain synthetic zeolites, industrial silica gel was subjected to sulfuric acid purification and used to obtain one of the hydrogel components—sodium silicate. As a result of investigation of the influence of hydrogel molar composition on the phase composition of the obtained samples, the optimal molar ratios of SiO2:Al2O3, Na2O:Al2O3 and H2O:SiO2 were identified. The phase composition of the obtained samples and morphological pattern were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. According to the obtained results, the use of hydrogel of composition 1.8SiO2:Al2O3:4Na2O:28H2O allows to obtain a monophase of LTA type zeolite with high ion exchange capacity, the particles of which have a regular cubic shape with the size of the main fraction up to 10 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic pollutants such as dyes and pharmaceutical drugs have become a significant environmental problem due to their unrestricted discharge, especially in water bodies. As a result, an economically viable and environmentally friendly approach to their degradation in water bodies is required and the incorporation of metal tungstate with single metal oxide has attracted attention due to its potential ability towards the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. The work demonstrates a WO3/g-C3N4/V2O5 nanocomposite synthesized using a facile route wet impregnation method. The results revealed that WO3/g-C3N4/V2O5 nanocomposites are suitable, mainly for their better surface properties, enhanced visible-light absorption, and preferred band positions. Besides that, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye is carried out and demonstrated that the complete degradation occurs over 120 min using 10 mg L−1 of WO3/g-C3N4/V2O5 nanocomposite under UV–visible-light irradiation. The scavenger experimental result implies that the photogenerated free electrons and superoxide radials are important role in MB dye degradation. In addition, a possible mechanism is proposed for the photocatalytic activity of WO3/g-C3N4/V2O5 nanocomposite. Moreover, the stability analysis demonstrated that the WO3/g-C3N4/V2O5 nanocomposite can be recycled multiple times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiFeOHS is a material with Li2(OH)2 layers intercalated between Fe2S2 planes. Its hydrothermal synthesis in various concentrations of LiOH yields materials with a high non-stoichiometry of the Li/Fe ratio which can be explained by partial substitution of Li+ for Fe2+ in the Li2(OH)2 layers. Thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer studies indicate that the charge balance is obtained by substitution of hydroxyl ions OH− by oxide ions O2−. This material has been tested as an electrode for lithium-ion batteries against lithium metal. Specific capacities above 200 mA h g−1 at C/10 are achieved, involving 1 lithium per chemical formula when cycled between 1 V and 3 V vs. lithium. The first irreversible discharge leads to the insertion of one lithium atom and the evolution of hydrogen gas while iron remains in its +2-oxidation state. An original Li2OFeS oxysulfide is formed. The following reversible oxidation/reduction cycles involve the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple between the two limiting compositions: Li2OFeIIS and LiOFeIIIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the synthesis of cyclopenta‐fused polyaromatic hydrocarbons (CP‐PAHs) via Pt‐catalyzed cyclization in water, focusing on the formation of fused pentagonal rings within heavily fused PAH frameworks. Utilizing platinum catalysts at lower temperatures (200‐260 °C) in water, led to the successful synthesis of singly cyclized CP‐PAHs. The reaction conditions facilitated the mono‐cyclization of substrates such as dibenzo[g,p]chrysene and its isomers, yielding the desired products while suppressing the formation of bis‐cyclized compounds. The use of Fe2O3 as an additive in conjunction with PtO2 was effective to suppress hydrogenation of the substrates and products. The products exhibited a redshift in UV‐visible absorption and photoluminescence bands due to a decrease in the HOMO−LUMO energy gap. These findings highlight the potential of Pt‐catalyzed cyclization for the controlled synthesis of CP‐PAHs, with implications for various applications in materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is an emerging alternative green fuel for global decarbonization with a high energy density and zero‐emission. Developing electrocatalysts with strong adhesion, active, and highly efficient that can be operated at high current densities is vital to producing green hydrogen at a large scale via electrocatalytic water splitting (EWS). The sputtering technique is an innovative and prospective alternative to fabricate electrodes for EWS due to its scalability, purity, strong adhesion, chemical‐, solvent‐, and waste‐free catalyst preparation. This review article provides an overview of recent electrocatalyst advances for EWS made by the sputtering technique, emphasizing its distinct advantages over other methods, such as hydrothermal synthesis and drop‐casting. We also provide the recent difficulties associated with the scale‐up issue and outlook to overcome those difficulties, as well as the future direction of the electrocatalysts to meet industrial needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article summarises decades of research on nickel hydroxide. Nickel hydroxide is an important material in both physics and chemistry, especially in technical applications such as batteries. First, the structures of two known polymorphs, α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2, are described. The article also examines common types of disorder in nickel hydroxide, such as hydration, stacking faults, mechanical stresses and the presence of ionic impurities. Related materials such as intercalated α-derivatives and basic nickel salts are also discussed. Various synthetic methods of nickel hydroxide synthesis are reviewed, including chemical and electrochemical precipitation, sol-gel synthesis, chemical ageing, hydrothermal and solvothermal processes, electrochemical oxidation, microwave-assisted techniques and sonochemical methods. The article discusses the physical properties of nickel hydroxide, including its magnetic, vibrational, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Finally, the article highlights the promising properties of these materials and approaches for the identification and characterization of unknown nickel hydroxide-based samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 (LSMO) perovskite nanostructures via the hydrothermal method and their catalytic performance evaluation in CO oxidation. Structural analysis using techniques like XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy analysis verified the development of LSMO nanostructures exhibiting a rhombohedral phase configuration. The catalytic activity of the annealed LSMO nanostructures was assessed, demonstrating significant CO conversion efficiency attributed to structural modifications enhancing catalytic performance. These findings highlight the potential of LSMO perovskite nanostructures as efficient catalysts for CO oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the formation of nanostractured coatings from ZnO nanorods for use in adsorption gas sensors is presented. It has been shown that ultrasonic spray pyrolysis provides the formation of local growth centers for the formation of ZnO nanorods by the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. The obtained ZnO nanorods with a small diameter demonstrate a high concentration of oxygen vacancies in the near-surface region of the nanorods and a high surface concentration of hydroxyl groups. An additional method is proposed for testing seed layers by resistance using a liquid probe based on an indium-gallium melt without the need to apply top contacts. The presented technique is suitable for mass production of sensor coatings. The obtained nanostructured coatings from ZnO nanorods demonstrate a high gas analytical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is devoted to the investigation of a nanosystem including gold nanoparticles in an aqueous solution of sodium sulfacetamide in order to determine the nature and efficiency of their interaction depending on the concentration and pH of the medium. Sodium sulfacetamide is of interest due to the possibility of its use in the composition of new hydrogel materials with incorporated gold nanoparticles for the development of ophthalmic implants. Gold nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm, obtained by hydrothermal synthesis, were used. The study of the cytotoxicity of sodium sulfacetamide based on the integral index of the metabolic activity of MA-104 cells established concentrations that are the basis for explaining the possible toxic effect of materials impregnated with sodium sulfacetamide solutions. The concentration of 0.1 % sodium sulfacetamide solution after 24 hours of contact with cells and 0.05 % after 48 hours of contact should be considered as indifferent. The effectiveness of the interaction of sodium sulfacetamide and gold nanoparticles was evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrokinetic measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Spectral studies of a suspension of gold nanoparticles in sodium sulfacetamide solutions in the range of therapeutic concentrations of 5.0÷30.0 % revealed a non-monotonic concentration-dependent effect of the sulfonamide medicine on the absorption intensity in the visible and ultraviolet ranges. The broadening of the spectral band of the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles in the presence of increasing concentrations of sulfacetamide and the appearance of an absorption band in the long-wave region were found. The peak shifts in the UV spectra after the addition of gold nanoparticles to sodium sulfacetamide were estimated. An increase in the negative value of the electrokinetic potential of gold nanoparticles under the influence of sulfacetamide from –26.2 mV to –41.4 mV was found. The data obtained indicate the existence of a chemical interaction between gold nanoparticles and sodium sulfacetamide solutions, which makes it possible to determine the conditions of their use in composite materials for biomedical purposes to reduce toxicity and leaching rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a method for enhancing the photocatalytic properties of strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticles (NPs) through doping with Iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti) ions using hydrothermal synthesis. The materials were characterized using a range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to ensure accurate analysis of their structure and composition. Photocatalytic efficiencies of the as-synthesized materials were evaluated against the degradation of methyl orange dye, achieving about 98 % removal in 90 min with 3 % doped material. The degradation efficiency was found to be dependent on several factors including pH, initial dye concentration, and catalyst dosage. Optimal conditions were determined to be a pH of 4, an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, and a catalyst dosage of 150 mg. These findings suggest that the Fe/Ti-codoped SrO nanoparticles hold significant potential for applications in environmental cleanup processes, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants. The study provides valuable insights into the synthesis and application of doped nanoparticles in photocatalysis, highlighting their efficiency and the importance of optimizing reaction conditions to maximize performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MoS2 nanosheets consist of multiple S-Mo-S trilayers with large interlayer spacing, which could allow facile Li-ion insertion/extraction. However, MoS2 nanosheets are easily curled and randomly stacked due to high surface energy of 2D nanosheets, which hinders fast ion transportation. In addition, intrinsic electronic conductivity of MoS2 is limited. Therefore, enhancements of both ionic and electronic conductivity of MoS2 are greatly demanded for its application in Li-ion batteries. Here, we report a cost-effective and facile hydrothermal synthesis of 3D nanoflower-like MoS2/C anode materials, which avoids random stacking of nanosheets and improves the electronic conductivity of MoS2. The nanoflower-like MoS2/C exhibits large reversible specific capacity (724 mAh g−1) and high initial coulombic efficiency (79.82%). Moreover, excellent capacity retention (97.98%) after 500-cycle charge/discharge has been achieved at 1 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the comparison of the catalytic performances of α‐MnO2 nanorods synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach at varying temperatures (140–200 °C). The structure and morphology of these nanorods were analyzed by XRD, N2‐physisorption, NH3‐TPD, Raman, SEM, HRTEM, and XPS. The prepared α‐MnO2 nanorods also performed exceptionally well in the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexanone to dicarboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions. The characterization results conferred that there is a significant influence of hydrothermal temperatures on the textural properties, morphology, and catalytic activity. Notably, the α‐MnO2 nanorods obtained from 180 °C hydrothermal conditions outperformed other catalysts with 77.3 % cyclohexanone conversion and 99 % selectivity towards acid products such as adipic acid (AA), glutaric acid (GA) and succinic acid (SA). The improved catalytic activity may be attributed to the interaction of the bifunctional Mn3+/4+ redox metal centres and surface acidic sites. The present oxidation reaction was found to be a promising eco‐benign process with high selectivity for the production of commercially significant carboxylic acids from cyclohexanone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of the large storage, complex composition, low comprehensive utilization rate, and high environmental impact of coal gangue, this paper carried out experimental research on the preparation of iron oxide red from high-iron gangue by calcination activation, acid leaching, extraction, and the hydrothermal synthesis of coal gangue. The experimental results show that when the calcination temperature of coal gangue is 500 °C, the calcination time is 1.5 h, the optimal concentration of iron removal is 6 mol/L, the acid leaching temperature is 80 °C, the acid leaching time is 1 h, and the liquid——solid mass ratio is 4:1; the iron dissolution rate can reach 87.64%. A solvent extraction method (TBP-SK–hydrochloric acid system) was used to extract the leachate, and a solution with iron content up to 99.21% was obtained. By controlling the optimum hydrothermal conditions (pH = 9, temperature 170 °C, reaction time 5 h), high-purity iron oxide red product can be prepared; the yield is 80.07%. The red iron oxide was characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, particle-size analysis, and ICP-OES. The results show that the red iron oxide peak has a cubic microstructure, an average particle size of 167.16 μm, and a purity of 99.16%. The quality of the prepared iron oxide red product meets the requirement of 98.5% of the "YHT4 Iron oxide Standard for ferrite". It can be used as a raw material to produce high-performance soft magnetic ferrite. In summary, this experimental study on the preparation of iron oxide red from coal gangue is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue to realize the sustainable development of the environment and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two modifications of Te2MoO7 oxide have been prepared by different synthetic methods. The crystal structure and composition have been studied by X‐ray diffraction analysis and X‐ray microanalysis. The phase of α‐Te2MoO7 has been synthesized by solid‐state reaction from ammonium salts and characterized by monoclinic structure with P21/c. The β‐Te2MoO7 compound has been formed in hydrothermal conditions and has amorphous nature. The thermal behavior of β‐Te2MoO7 modification is characterized by the phase transition into α‐form, however after melting the amorphous state has restored. The electron structure has been investigated experimentally by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV‐vis diffusion reflectance spectra and theoretically by approximation using atomic electronegativity. Despite the same composition, the band gap of β‐Te2MoO7 corresponds to visible light, whereas α‐Te2MoO7 adsorbs light in UV region. The both modifications are able to generate superoxide radicals in vacuum or air and hydroxyl radicals in water under irradiation. The HPLC‐MS analysis has shown the quite deep decomposition of dye and antibiotics by α‐Te2MoO7, whereas amorphous phase almost does not lead to any oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has almost become synonymous with greenhouse gases. Neither improvement of energy efficiency nor the application of alternative energy can reduce the concentration of CO2 to the allowable concentration. Therefore, CO2 must be captured to prevent its escape into the atmosphere. CO2 is commonly adsorbed by activated carbon because of the good affinity between them. In this study, to enhance the CO2 adsorption performance of this material, activated carbon was modified by two ways, synthesis and grafting with chitosan, to examine how the adsorption performance was affected by the different modifications. The experimental results showed that the adsorption performances of activated carbon with grafted chitosan and synthesized with chitosan were better than that of activated carbon. Although the nitrogen content was higher in the activated carbon synthesized with chitosan than in the carbon grafted with chitosan, the adsorption enhancements were similar due to the reduced surface area of the former. In addition, the results of the multi adsorption-desorption processes showed that the adsorption performance of the activated carbon grafted with chitosan slightly decreased, while that of the activated carbon synthesized with chitosan was almost unchanged. As the heterogeneous adsorption was modeled well by the Toth adsorption isotherm model, this isotherm model was used to model the experimental data for comparison with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The average deviation of adsorption uptake fitted by the Toth adsorption isotherm model was about 3.07%, in comparison with 12.71% fitted by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two zinc complexes [Zn(LH)2(phen)] (1) and [Zn(L)(H2O)]n (2) (LH− = 2-hydroxy-5-((3-nitrophenyl)azo)-benzoate, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in mononuclear and polymeric structures, respectively, where ligands L2− are coordinated to the zinc ions via their carboxylate and phenolate groups in η2,μ2,κ2 and η2,μ2,κ1 mode, respectively. Introduction of the auxiliary chelating phen ligand results in the chelation of the zinc ions in 1 through both the phen ligand and the carboxylate group of the first LH− anion assisted further by the monodentate carboxylate group of the second LH− anion. In complex 2 the L2− anions act as tridentate ligands utilizing their carboxylate and phenolate groups to coordinate to three zinc ions. The phenolate oxygen atom bridges two zinc ions resulting in the generation of a layer structure. Fluorescence measurements have indicated that complexes 1 and 2 exhibit similar luminescence emissions around 393 and 387 nm, respectively, which originate from intra-ligand π-π* transitions. The emission intensities were strengthened relative to the sodium complex NaLH owing to the enhancement of the rigidity of the aromatic system through the coordination interactions of the ligands with the more tightly bound zinc ions. Furthermore, the suspension of complex 2 can be used to selectively detect Fe3+ cations via the luminescence quenching process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we have narrowed the band gap of orthorhombic sodium tantalate by doping the perovskite structure with 5 and 10% of iron. The hydrothermal method was used in the preparation of the samples. Moreover, the evolution of hydrogen by photocatalytic water splitting is reported for first time for orthorhombic NaTaO3 mono-doped with Fe. The band gap was reduced from 4.08 to 3.24 eV for sodium tantalate doped with 5% of Fe, and up to 2.05 eV for the perovskite doped with 10% of Fe. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained with the semiconductor that had 5% of Fe. Which was attributable to its smaller particle size, larger specific surface area and lower recombination of electron–hole pairs in contrast with the sample that had 10% of Fe. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopies were used to analyze the perovskite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid-liquid composite lubrication coating capable of controlling friction and wear has received widespread attention among researchers. Here, a novel self-lubricating ceramic coating was created through a combination of thermal spraying, hydrothermal reactions, and vacuum impregnation. Its mechanical properties, tribological performance, and self-lubrication mechanism were thoroughly analyzed. The results indicate that the thermally sprayed ceramic coating contained carbon spheres and perfluoropolyether. As a result of the in-situ synthesis of carbon spheres, the coating exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. Compared to the single solid lubricant coating, the solid-liquid composite coating decreased the coefficient of friction by 46.7% to 0.112 and decreased the wear rate from 1.25 × 10−6 mm3/m N to 3.70 × 10−7 mm3/m N. It is proposed in this work that solid-liquid composite coatings can be prepared by utilizing the defects such as pores and microcracks inherent in thermal spray coatings for introducing solid lubricating phases and liquid lubricating phases. This strategy addresses the issue of degradation of the mechanical properties of conventional ceramic-based self-lubricating coatings due to their tribological design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a straightforward one‐pot hydrothermal method for the synthesis of zirconia nanodispersions, leading to the formation of stable sols. By simply varying the nature of the stabilizer used, one can obtain a large variety of objects with different sizes, shapes and crystallinities. Our results demonstrate the crucial role played by aliphatic amino acids both during the formation of the objects and after, since their interaction with the surface of the inorganic crystals influences strongly the optical properties and colloidal stability of the latter. Importantly, the versatility of this method allows for the introduction of different dopants, increasing substantially the scope of applications that can be achieved with such nanoscale oxides. The high transparencies and the easy dispersibility of nanoparticles in different liquid matrixes ensure the formation of zirconia‐based nanocomposites and ceramics with outstanding optical features for the orthopedic, dental, photonics and chemical sectors. This method can be easily scaled up, being already available for the production of high‐quality zirconia nanodispersions at the industrial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mechanical Engineering is the property of Editorial Board of China Mechanical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southeast University / Dongnan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Southeast University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, Ni3V2O8 (NVO) and Ni3V2O8-reduced graphene oxide (NVO-rGO) are synthesized hydrothermally, and their extensive structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterizations follow subsequently. The synthetic materials' crystalline structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its unique marigold-like morphology was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The chemical states of the elements were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to assess the electrochemical performance. A specific capacitance of 132 F/g, an energy density of 5.04 Wh/kg, and a power density of 187 W/kg were demonstrated by Ni3V2O8-rGO. Key electrochemical characteristics were b = 0.67; a transfer coefficient of 0.52; a standard rate constant of 6.07 × 10−5 cm/S; a diffusion coefficient of 5.27 × 10−8 cm2/S; and a series resistance of 1.65 Ω. By employing Ni3V2O8-rGO and activated carbon, an asymmetric supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 7.85 F/g, an energy density of 3.52 Wh/kg, and a power density of 225 W/kg was achieved. The series resistance increased from 4.27 Ω to 6.63 Ω during cyclic stability tests, which showed 99% columbic efficiency and 87% energy retention. The potential of Ni3V2O8-rGO as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors is highlighted by these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and methanol (MeOH) is a DMC preparation route that meets the requirements of green chemistry and can realize the resource utilization of CO2. Cerium oxide (CeO2) based catalysts are widely used in this reaction. The current researches focus on the effects of morphology regulation and heteroatom doping on the catalytic performance of the catalysts. The rod-shaped CeO2 precursor was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, and then the corresponding catalysts were obtained by calcining the precursor in different atmospheres (H2, N2, air and O2, respectively). Then the catalysts were applied to the direct synthesis of DMC from CO2 and MeOH with 2-cyanopyridine (2-cp) as dehydrating agent (adding 0.10 mol MeOH, 0.05 mol 2-cp and 0.32 g catalyst, reaction at the conditions of 120 °C and 5 MPa for 2 h). The effects of calcination atmospheres on the catalytic performance of catalysts were studied. The crystal structures, texture properties and morphologies of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 absorption/desorption, SEM, etc. The results show that the four catalysts show no significant differences in structural properties and morphologies, and the valence of Ce on the catalysts surface is closely related to acid-base sites. The abundant defect sites on the catalysts surface enable them to have large specific surface areas and average pore sizes (specific surface area and average pore size of CeO2-air are 65.44 m²/g and 30.06 nm, respectively). The main exposed CeO2(111) crystal surface of the catalysts can promote the formation of DMC. Compared with the other three catalysts, CeO2-air exhibits the best catalytic performance due to its highest concentration of medium and strong acid-base sites and total acid-base sites, as well as the enhancement of weak acid acidity. The DMC yield and DMC selectivity of CeO2-air are 83.2% and 99.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the influence of pH on the hydrothermal synthesis of copper (II) oxide CuO nanostructures with the aim of tuning their morphology. By varying the pH of the reaction medium, we successfully produced CuO nanostructures with three distinct morphologies including nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets according to the pH levels of 4, 7, and 12, respectively. The observed variations in surface morphology are attributed to fluctuations in growth rates across different crystal facets, which are influenced by the presence of intermediate species within the reaction. This report also compared the structural and optical properties of the synthesized CuO nanostructures and explored their potential for photoelectrochemical glucose sensing. Notably, CuO nanoparticles and nanorods displayed exceptional performance with calculated limits of detection of 0.69 nM and 0.61 nM, respectively. Both of these morphologies exhibited a linear response to glucose within their corresponding concentration ranges (3–20 nM and 20–150 nM). As a result, CuO nanorods appear to be a more favorable photoelectrochemical sensing method because of the large surface area as well as the lowest solution resistance in electroimpedance analysis compared to CuO nanoparticles and nanosheets forms. These findings strongly suggest the promising application of hydrothermal-synthesized CuO nanostructures for ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical glucose biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent development and expansion in electrochemical water splitting processes have driven the research community to explore an efficient, economical and eco-friendly electrocatalyst. Within this domain, the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) presents a notable challenge due to its inherent inefficiency arising from a sluggish four-electron transfer process. In the present study, we investigated a hydrothermal technique for synthesizing an electrocatalyst featuring MnO-embedded CoFe2O4 spinel oxide, which is firmly anchored onto a nickel foam (NF) substrate. The electrocatalyst demonstrated impressive performance, exhibiting exceptional stability over an 82-h endurance test. A significantly smaller overpotential was required for OER, achieving a notable decrease of 179 mV. Furthermore, it displayed a Tafel value of approximately 68 mV dec−1 at current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER, underscoring its exceptional electrocatalytic performance. In light of these compelling findings, the current research has introduced a feasible, environmentally friendly, and potentially high-impact strategy towards the development of cost-effective transition metal-based catalysts, highly suitable for use as electrodes in electrochemical water splitting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great scientific and economic value to recycle waste poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into high-value PET-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and further convert it into porous carbon for green energy storage applications. In the present study, a facile and costeffective hydrothermal process was developed to direct recycle waste PET bottles into MIL-53(Al) with a 100% conversation, then the MOFderived porous carbon was assembled into electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. The results indicated that the as-synthesized carbon exhibited high SSA of 1712 m2 g-1 and unique accordion-like structure with hierarchical porosity. Benefit to these advantageous characters, the assembled three-electrode supercapacitor displayed high specific capacitances of 391 F g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A g-1 and good rate capability of 73.6% capacitance retention at 20 A g-1 in 6 mol L-1 KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, the assembled zinc ion capacitor still revealed outstanding capacitance of 335 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, excellent cycling stability of 92.2% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles and ultra-high energy density of 150.3 Wh kg-1 at power density of 90 W kg-1 in 3 mol L-1 ZnSO4 electrolyte. It is believed that the current work provides a facile and effective strategy to recycle PET waste into high-valuable MOF, and further expands the applications of MOF-derived carbons for high-performance energy storage devices, so it is conducive to both pollution alleviation and sustainable economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antibiotic tetracycline can be efficiently used as medicine for the deterrence of bacterial infections in humans, animals, and plants. However, the unprecedented use of tetracycline is of great concern owing to its low biodegradability, extensive usage, and adverse impacts on the environment and water quality. In this study, a sensitive spectrofluorometric method was proposed for the direct determination of tetracycline, based on biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). The synthesis of CDs was performed by adopting a green hydrothermal procedure from carrot juice without requiring surface passivation or outflowing any environmentally hazardous waste. X‐ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy revealed amorphous spherical‐shaped CDs that exhibited blue emission under blue illumination. The fabricated fluorescent probe directly detected tetracycline in the concentration range of 4.00 × 10−6 to 1.55 × 10−5 mol L−1 with an LOD of 1.33 × 10−6 mol L−1. The performance of the probe was assessed in a tap water sample, with recovery values between 80.70 and 103.60%. The method's greenness was evaluated using the Analytical Green metric approach (AGREE) and confirmed to be within the green range. The developed method is facile, rapid, cost‐effective, and offers a wide linear range and satisfactory selectivity, making it potentially suitable for determining tetracycline in water applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the 2-step hydrothermal synthesis of pure phase analcime zeolite from the combination of glass powder waste and aluminium anodizing waste was carried out, to contribute to the reduction of disposal of these industrial residues in sanitary landfills. Population growth has intensified industrial activities worldwide, increasing the generation of waste with a high potential for environmental impact. Currently, the reuse of solid wastes has become an alternative for the development of materials with greater added value. Placket Burman statistical design was used to identify the variables of greater statistical relevance in the synthesis process, aiming at future optimization. Crystallization time and temperature were verified as the most relevant variables in the synthesis, while calcination time and calcination temperature in the alkaline fusion step were the variables with less relevance. The results revealed the formation of single-phase analcime, reaching a crystallinity of up to 75% and a specific surface area of 43.3 m2.g−1. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of particles with trapezoidal morphology, typical of analcime zeolite. Zeta potential measurement revealed an isoelectric point in pH 2.6, an important parameter in case of application in wastewater treatment. The investigated experimental conditions also enabled the formation of other zeolites, e.g., Na-P1, cancrinite, and sodalite, demonstrating that the combination of glass powder waste and aluminium anodizing waste can be used to obtain different zeolitic phases. Consequently, products with greater added value can be obtained, contributing to sustainability in the aluminium and glass industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was designed to synthesize Ag2O-supported MgO/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) via green method using Phoenix leaf extract for improved photocatalytic and anticancer activity. Green synthesized Ag2O-supported MgO/rGO NCs were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) was applied to examine the chemical components of the Phoenix leaf extract. Characterization data confirmed the preparation of MgO NPs, Ag2O-MgO NCs, and Ag2O-MgO/rGO NC with particle size of 26–28 nm. UV–vis study exhibited that the band gap energy of MgO NPs, Ag2O-MgO NCs, and Ag2O-MgO/rGO NC were in the range of 3.53–3.43 eV. The photocatalytic results showed that the photodegradation of Rh B dye of Ag2O-supported MgO/rGO NCs (82.81%) was significantly higher than pure MgO NPs. Additionally, the biological response demonstrates that the Ag2O-supported MgO/rGO NCs induced high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells for 24 h and 48 h compared with both pure MgO NPs and Ag2O-MgO NCs. This study suggests that the adding of Ag2O and rGO sheets played significant role in the enhanced photocatalytic and anticancer performance of MgO NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herein, a facile hydrothermal method is utilized to prepare a (NH4)2V7O16/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite. In an aqueous electrolyte, the obtained (NH4)2V7O16/rGO exhibits superior lithium storage characteristics compared to pure (NH4)2V7O16 in both the three‐electrode configuration and full cell. This improvement can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of incorporation of defective oxygen and rGO modification. The present study proposes a feasible strategy for enhancing the electrochemical properties of (NH4)2V7O16 and demonstrates the potential of the (NH4)2V7O16/rGO composite for aqueous rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structured catalysts coatings exhibit excellent performance on non‐adiabatic gas–solid process, deriving from their enhanced heat and mass transfer properties. However, the coating catalysts prepared by traditional hydrothermal method of zeolite encapsulating noble metal are prone to spalling, especially under conditions of large flow rate and high temperature. Herein, we prepared PtZn clusters encapsulated in silicalite‐1 zeolite coating on stainless steel with high bonding strength by an improved in situ growth method. The optimized catalyst exhibited ultra‐thin, uniform, continuous, and high degree of crosslinking, thereby enhancing mass transfer and thermal stability. In propane dehydrogenation reaction, the optimized PtZn@S‐1‐R showed a high specific activity of 14.7 molC3H6 molPt−1 s−1 and a propylene selectivity above 99% at 600°C with a high weight hourly space velocity of 120 h−1. The metal‐encapsulated zeolite coating catalysts broaden the application avenue for heterogeneous catalysis with great application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium vanadate/modified bentonite (CeVO4/mbt) nanocomposite with different composition percentages was synthesized through a simple one-step hydrothermal method at 180 ℃, and then its photocatalytic activity was evaluated by decolorizing methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution under light exposure. In order to increase the surface area as an important parameter in photocatalytic processes, bentonite was modified by ball mill method. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized composites were determined by XRD, FT-IR, DRS, FESEM, EDS, and BET measurements. XRD and EDS results confirmed the successful synthesis of pure CeVO4. FESEM images and EDS mapping showed a proper distribution of rice-like CeVO4 nanoparticles on bentonite. The removal efficiency of MB with only 0.1 g of CeVO4/mbt nanocomposite in 15 min was about 99%, which is significant compared to neat bentonite and pure CeVO4 with efficiency of 30% and 57%. The mentioned nanocomposite followed the first-order kinetics, had a reaction rate constant equal to 0.1483 min–1, and showed acceptable stability in five consecutive cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic CO2 conversion towards C2+ fuels is a promising technology for simultaneously achieving carbon neutrality and alleviating the energy crisis. However, this strategy is inefficient due to the difficulty of both multi-electron transfer and C-C coupling during C2+ formation. In this work, CuInS2/MXene heterostructure with Cu vacancy is rationally designed by in situ hydrothermal synthesis. The VCu--CuInS2/MXene heterostructure has a suitable band structure and tight interface contact. Catalytic performances under different testing conditions, in situ spectroscopy, and COMSOL simulation reveal that LSPR-activated MXene promotes the formation of crucial intermediate CH2* and triggers the C--C coupling process under near-infrared light, as the key to acetate. Moreover, in situ XPS analysis, DFT calculations, and photoelectrochemical characterizations unveil that copper vacancy can promote charge transfer from CuInS2 to MXene and boost local electron aggregation on the MXene, further enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity of C2 products. Contributing to the synergistic effect of copper vacancy and plasmonic MXene, VCu--CuInS2/MXene achieved excellent CO2RR activity with an acetate evolution rate of 250.0 μmol/h/g and a selectivity of 97.5% under the full spectrum irradiation, which is 38.8 and 3.3 times higher than that of VCu--CuInS2/MXene, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal effectiveness of the M0F-808 material for organic chloride in a plastic cracking oil was studied in light of its excellent adsorption properties. The M0F-808 materials was prepared, and then the Zrx: Fey@M0F-808 materials with different doping ratios were prepared by using a hydrothermal synthesis method. Four typical organic chlorides in the plastic cracking oil were selected to prepare a model oil, and the optimal x/y ratio was determined to be 1: 0. 67 according to the removal rate of organic chlorides in the model oil. The optimal reaction conditions and reuse performance of adsorption dechlorination experiments were determined, and the corresponding adsorption mechanism was investigated. The results indicated that the as-prepared Zr: Fe067@M0F-08 adsorption material exhibited has good structure and stability. The removal rate of chloride in the model oil was as high as 97. 66 % at an adsorption temperature of 50 °C, an adsorption time of 2 h, and an agent/oil mass ratio of 1/40. The dechlorination rate remained to be above 85 % after repeatedly using the adsorbent for 6 times. The adsorption process conformed to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, belonging to a spontaneous chemisorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of electrode materials for urea level determination (non-enzymatic) is advantageous to monitor patient's clinical health and prevention of milk adulteration. Chalcogenides have prospective applications in electrocatalysis because of their fast charge transfer and large specific surface area in terms of non-enzymatic sensing via redox reactions, which is of great significance. However, despite their tremendous relevance, they continue to present significant problems. To address this issue, a new parkerite-type compound, Ni3Bi2Se2, was synthesized using the capping agent sodium laurel sulfate through a hydrothermal process. The physical characterization of the ternary chalcogenide Ni3Bi2Se2 was done by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence. The analytical performances of the suggested sensor electrode, including sensitivity, the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), stability, and durability, were obtained by various electrochemical techniques. The lower limit of detection (LOD-6.05 µM), sensitivity (10.9 mA µM−1 cm−2) and lower limit of quantification (LOQ-18.35 µM) were derived using the calibration curve. Moreover, it provides accurate results when detecting urea in human urine samples. The prepared electrode shows outstanding sensitivity, selectivity, superior reproducibility, and long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing world population, urbanization, and industrialization have led to an increase in demand in production and consumption, resulting in an increase in industrial solid wastes and pollutant levels in water. These two main consequences have become global problems. The high Si and Al content of solid wastes suggests that they can be used as raw materials for the synthesis of zeolites. In this context, when the literature studies conducted to obtain synthetic zeolites are evaluated, it is seen that hydrothermal synthesis method is generally used. In order to improve the performance of the hydrothermal synthesis method in terms of energy cost, synthesis time, and even product quality, additional methods such as alkaline fusion, ultrasonic effect, and microwave support have been developed. The zeolites synthesized by different techniques exhibit superior properties such as high surface area and well-defined pore sizes, thermal stability, high cation exchange capacity, high regeneration ability, and catalytic activity. Due to these specific properties, zeolites are recognized as one of the most effective methods for the removal of pollutants. The toxic properties of heavy metals and dyes in water and their carcinogenic effects in long-term exposure pose a serious risk to living organisms. Therefore, they should be treated at specified levels before discharge to the environment. In this review study, processes including different methods developed for the production of zeolites from industrial solid wastes were evaluated. Studies using synthetic zeolites for the removal of high levels of health and environmental risks such as heavy metals and dyes are reviewed. In addition, EPMA, SEM, EDX, FTIR, BET, AFM, and 29Si and 27Al NMR techniques, which are characterization methods of synthetic zeolites, are presented and the cation exchange capacity, thermodynamics of adsorption, effect of temperature, and pH are investigated. It is expected that energy consumption can be reduced by large-scale applications of alternative techniques developed for zeolite synthesis and their introduction into the industry. It is envisaged that zeolites synthesized by utilizing wastes will be effective in obtaining a green technology. The use of synthesized zeolites in a wide variety of applications, especially in environmental problems, holds great promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this experiment, ZSM‐5 molecular sieves are prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and modified by impregnation with Fe, La, and Ce loading. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photon‐electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy show that Fe, La, and Ce elements are successfully loaded onto the surface of the material, and the surface area of Fe‐La‐Ce‐ZSM‐5 is 241.66 m2 g−1. A systematic study on the adsorption of Congo red solution is carried out using Fe‐La‐Ce‐ZSM‐5 molecular sieves and it is found through the adsorption data that the adsorption process is more in line with Langmuir and the proposed second‐order kinetic model, and the theoretical saturated adsorption capacity is 2669.19 mg g−1. The adsorption process is recycled four times and still has more than 60 % removal performance for high‐concentration Congo red solution. The results of this experiment show that Fe‐La‐Ce‐ZSM‐5 molecular sieves show excellent removal performance for Congo red dye in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]