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Background: The underlying causes of infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unknown, but they are thought to be a combination of genetics, environmental factors, abnormal immune responses, and disruption of the gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate the eff ect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -863 C/A(rs 1800630) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in infl ammatory bowel patients and it is relation with the patient’s clinical characteristics. Methods: The study was conducted on 74 blood samples from patients of IBD including 47 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 27 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in addition to 20 blood samples apparently healthy individuals, TNF-α-863 C>A genotype was screened by PCR and Sanger sequencing techniques. Results: The results showed that the homozygous CC genotype frequency was the higher genotype frequency in 45/60 (75%) for IBD patients with less than 50 years ages compared with 7/14 (50%) the IBD patients with more than 50 years, signifi cant high association OD (CI): 2.75 (1.38–4.08), The allelic C frequency in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients was (0.83) and signifi cantly higher than the A allele frequency (0.17) and it may act as risk factor infl ammatory disease. The homozygous CC genotype of the TNF-α-863 gene was 9/27 (70.37%) in CD patients compared with 6/20 (30%) in the control group with high signifi cant diff erences (p ≤ 0.01, OR=1.00). Signifi cant diff erences also applied for the heterozygous CA genotype in -863 SNP,it was 8/27 (29.62%) compared with the control group 14/20 (70%) the odds ratio (2.62), while the homozygous AA genotype frequency showed no signifi cant association with CD (p -1.00). Conclusion: The frequency of homozygous CC genotype of the TNF-α-863 gene was higer in CD patients than in the control group with signifi cant diff erences. Signifi cant diff erences also applied for the heterozygous CA genotype while the three genotypes (CC, CA and AA) of the TNF-α-863 gene showed non-signifi cant diff erences in ulcerative patients in comparison with the control.

A total of 12 male goats were used at the age of four months; the animals were placed in adjacent and separated enclosures. Treatments as follows: T1 (control), T2 adding 5 g/kg of rosemary leaves to powder and T3 adding 5 g/kg of licorice root powder, T4 (the mixture treatment), adding 5 g/kg of rosemary goes to powder and 5 g of licorice root powder. The results showed that the T3 and T4 treatments were significantly superior in live weight, empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weight and the dressing ratio calculated based on empty weight compared to the control treatment. Also, T4 was significantly superior compared to T1 on the total percentages of major cuts. At the same time, there was a significant decrease in the total rates of secondary cuts in treatments T2, T3 and T4 compared to the control treatment T1. The treatments T2, T3 and T4 were significantly superior to the control treatment T1 in the shoulder ratio, while the neck ratio decreased significantly in T3 and T4 compared to the control treatment T1. The control treatment was significantly superior in the ulna segmental ratio compared to T4. Keywords: rosemary, licorice, carcass, local goats.

Energy harvesting has been around for more than a decade, with continual research tackling the issues of charging and powering up electronic gadgets. Because of its multiple advantages, such as greater mobility and a longer lifespan, the notion of energy harvesting has acquired broad popularity. Researchers are investigating methods to harness the energy created by vibrations from various materials and transducers as part of the energy conservation movement. This paper examines major advancements in vibration energy collecting during the last 15 years. It focuses on the many processes used to collect vibration energy, such as piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic generators, and MEMs techniques, as well as power management circuits, to enhance various elements of vibration energy harvesting devices from diverse sources. While the research on vibration energy harvesting has grown significantly, this work summarises significant achievements in the subject over the last 15 years and updates prior review publications.

This research aim to study the effect of different doses of a Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) to cause histopathological changes in the offspring corneal for the ages 7, 15, 21, 30, and 60 days. The mothers, type Mus musculus mice has been orally administrated from 17th day of pregnancy by different concentrations (2, 4, and 8 g/Kg/ body weight) of MSG using stomach tube. Microscopic examination showed no changes in the cornea for a seventh day and administrated concentrations of 2 and 4 g / kg body weight, but observed degeneration of fibre stroma, necrosis and the reduction of the anterior epithelial layer of the cornea at dose of 8 g / kg. In the group of 15 days, these changes are mentioned; hyperplasia in the anterior epithelium of the peripheral cornea of 2 g, deformation in the peripheral part of the cornea and the reduction of thickness and intensify the stroma components at a concentration of 4 g either at a concentration of 8 g / kg has appeared hyperplasia in fibroblast cells in the corneal stroma and wave of the basement membrane of anterior epithelial tissue of central cornea. In a group 21days, these changes are shown; necrosis and rarefaction in stroma of central cornea while the reduction of the anterior epithelial layer of the peripheral cornea notes and wave anterior surface of the cornea in the concentration of 2 g / kg. Deformation appeared and reduction layers and irregular with dissociation in the stromal fibers in some areas in the concentration of 4 g / kg, while in the concentration of 8 g / kg show damage in the anterior part of epithelial of the central corneal tissue. In a group 30 days and concentration of 2 g / kg, these changes were observed; necrosis, swelling in some anterior epithelial cells, condensation of nuclei in endothelial cells, with Keratinized at the surface of the cornea and edema in the stroma. Bulge appeared in the stroma of peripheral cornea and hyperplasia in fiberoblast at a concentration of 4g/kg, meanwhile at a concentration of 8 g/kg show necrosis under the anterior epithelium of central cornea and dissociation of stromal fiberoblast. In the group 60 Days at the concentration of 2 g / kg show damage in the anterior epithelial tissue of the peripheral cornea and hyperplasia in some parts of the anterior epithelial tissue in the central cornea. At the concentration of 4g/kg show damage in the stromal fibers of peripheral corneal epithelium and detachment of endothelial tissue. In concentration 8 g/kg reduction appeared in the anterior epithelial tissue in the certain part of the cornea, hyperplasia in endothelial tissue, condensed layer appeared on the surface of anterior epithelial tissue.

The results showed that two fungi used in this research had positive and effective role in biodegradation of Kirkuk mid crude oil and Al-Qayarah heavy crude oil. Synergism between F.moniliforme and A.flavus was able to biodegrade hydrocarbons of Kirkuk mid crude oil by percent 86.6% then A.flavus could biodegrade the same crude oil by percent 85.3% where's F.moniliforme at third stage by percent 68.6%. But the percent of biodegradation of Al-Qayarah heavy crude oil, showed that synergim could biodegrade by percent 81.05%. A.flavus by percent 78.9% but F. moniliforme by percent 65.4%. From the results of viable counts for the two grown fungi on the two kinds of crude oil showed adaptation for new ecology and increase in 1st and 2nd weeks from growth but decrease the viable counts for two fungi in the 3rd., 4th. weeks of growth, analysis by gas-chromatography improved biodegradation the hydrocarbons of two kinds of crude oil by the action of two fungi used in this research. These two techniques produced another type for measured the profile oil hydrocarbons and disappeared many of peaks include components of crude oil which cleared through hydrocarbons profile before and after using two fungi as biotic analyzed factors, to affirmative results which cleared by weight as percent's in this research.

INTRODUCTION: Among the cancers that impacts men, prostate cancer considerably raises deaths for males around the world. Persons with tumours can have a localized or advanced form of the illness. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determining the relationship between the level of cytokines (IL-10 and TNF-a) and PSA in the sera of patients and compared it with healthy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case control study consist of three group included was in this study. The first group involves 50 patients with PC were observation in Al-Amal Oncology Hospital in the period from April 2021 to April 2022 under the supervision of oncology specialists was included in this study. Second group consist of 30 patients. They have benign hyper plaisa (BHP), this group has been collected from urosergical department . Third group was include 20 healthy volunteers (non prostate cancer and non BHP). Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was measured by mini – VIDAS device using kit supplied by Biomerieux – France. IL-10 and TNF-a levels were measured by ELISA technique using kit supplied by CAUSABIO – China. RESULTS: Results of the present study showed the 60–69 years age group scored highest percentage in benign (56.7%), malignant (54.0%), compared to control (healthy) (50.0%), while > 69 years scored least percentage in these groups (3.3%, 14.0%, and 25.0%) respectively with significant different (p< 0.05). Additionally, the IL-10 and PSA scored highest mean levels in the malignant group (1.22 ± 0.23 and 27.66 ± 6.31), while TNF-a scored highest mean levels in a benign group (0.30 ± 0.11). The least mean level of IL-10 was in healthy (0.42 ± 0.15), TNF-a in malignant (0.23 ± 0.03), and PSA in benign (6.73 ± 1.36). Finally, there is a significant difference among age groups and PSA, IL-10, and TNF-parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded the PSA, TNF-a and IL-10 parameters are play important roles in pathogenesis patients with prostate cancer. PCa is high prevalence in elderly population.

Peer reviewed: True, Psidium guajava L. (guava) is a small tree known for its fruit flavor that is cultivated almost around the globe in tropical areas. Its fruit is amazingly rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. In different parts of the world, this plant holds a special place with respect to fruit and nutritional items. Pharmacological research has shown that this plant has more potential than just a fruit source; it also has beneficial effects against a variety of chronic diseases due to its rich nutritional and phytochemical profile. The primary goal of this document is to provide an updated overview of Psidium guajava L. and its bioactive secondary metabolites, as well as their availability for further study, with a focus on the health benefits and potential industrial applications. There have been several studies conducted on Psidium guajava L. in relation to its use in the pharmaceutical industry. However, its clinical efficacy and applications are still debatable. Therefore, in this review a detailed study with respect to phytochemistry of the plant through modern instruments such as GC and LC-MS has been discussed. The biological activities of secondary metabolites isolated from this plant have been extensively discussed. In order to perform long-term clinical trials to learn more about their effectiveness as drugs and applications for various health benefits, a structure activity relationship has been established. Based on the literature, it is concluded that this plant has a wide variety of biopharmaceutical applications. As a whole, this article calls for long-term clinical trials to obtain a greater understanding of how it can be used to treat different diseases.

The two main parts of radiation are waves like sunlight, X-rays, and gamma rays, or small particles like beta and alpha particles. Medical X-rays are frequently utilized for diagnosing diseases and disorders including fractures and the state of vertebrae, joints, and other structures in the body. Excessive exposure to radiation (higher than 200 rems) causes radiation impacts burns are examples. Additionally, when administered at larger rates and doses acute radiation syndrome can be brought on by rapidly increasing the radiation dose, such as loss of hair, blistering redness, and ulceration of the skin. With a focus on healthcare workers who deal with ionizing radiation on the job, we evaluated the perception, knowledge, and mitigation of the hazards that are related to the radiological examinations in this work. For assessing their level of understanding of ionizing radiation, a questionnaire has been given to the technicians and other staff members who work in several X-ray clinics in Wasit's Aziziyah district. The results of a survey showing that the majority of radiography clinics are committed to safety and security measures. The majority of radiology clinics adhere to Iraqi Ministry of Health regulations. It was noted that there are just four clinics, which isn’t enough given the size of population. Furthermore, there were none of the specialist radiological facilities like fluoroscopy, CT, or mammography. Al-Azizia is unique in that it has a huge population, which raises the possibility that more people will need radiological testing. Thus, Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment must concentrate on the radiological element by expanding the number of specialized radiological centers, as it is a crucial requirement for medical diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: X-Ray Protection; Diagnostic X-Ray Safety; X-Ray Clinic Shielding

This paper has arisen as a result of teaching Models in Biology. to use a fresh approach to the problems they are familiar with, to come up with an articulate verbal model after a mental effort, to express it in rigorous mathematical terms, to solve (with the aid of computers) corresponding equations, to analyze and interpret experimental data in terms of their (mathematical) models. we will studied a mathematical model of branching using the solution of a system of partial equations (PDEs). The results will be describe a success or failure of the growth of the fungus species studied and we used some codes (pplane7, Pdepe) in numerical analysis because some difficulty in direct mathematical solution.[6