Search

To evaluate the clinical effect of fetoscopic laser occlusion of chorioangiopagous vessels (FLOC) for monochorionic diamniotic twins (MCDA) pregnancies complicated with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome(TTTS).The clinical data of 33 consecutive cases of TTTS from Mainland China, who had FLOC in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Prince of Wales Hospital (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) from November 2003 to December 2010, were reviewed and analyzed for peri-operative complications, perinatal outcomes and fetal survival rate. Clinical stage of TTTS was according to the Quintero staging system.(1) Pregnancy characteristics: the mean maternal age was 30; the median gestational age at FLOC was 23(+4) weeks; according to the Quintero staging system, 3 cases were Quintero staging I, 14 cases were Quintero staging II, 7 cases were Quintero staging III and 9 cases were Quintero staging IV. For the 3 stage I cases, FLOC was performed for severe maternal symptoms of polyhyramnios or severe fetal cardiac dysfunction. (2) COMPLICATIONS: intraoperative complications occurred in 5 patients including four uterine bleedings at the puncture site, one placental vascular anastomosis bleeding. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients including 2 abortions and 1 intrauterine death within one week after operation, 2 abortions and 1 amniotic band syndrome occurred from two to four weeks after operation. (3) Perinatal outcome and fetal survival rate: the median interval of 33 patients between FLOC and delivery was 9(+4) weeks; the median gestational age at delivery was 31(+6) weeks; the gestation at delivery was less than 24 weeks in 6% (2/33), 24 to 28 weeks in 21% (7/33), 28 to 32 weeks in 18% (6/33), 32 to 37 weeks in 55% (18/33). The mean birth weight of the donor was 1600 g (350 - 2520 g); the mean birth weight of the recipiert was 1930 g (400 - 3040 g). The overall survival rate, the double infant survival rate, the single survival rate and survival rate for at least one twin was 59% (39/66), 52% (17/33), 15% (5/33) and 67% (22/33), respectively. The overall survival rate dropped from 61% (17/28) in Quintero staging II to 9/18 in Quintero staging IV.FLOC for MCDA complicated with TTTS is associated with an overall survival of about 60%. Major complications are rare. The outcome is not only related to Quintero staging but also the close monitoring and timely termination of pregnancy.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) is a key modulator of dendritic cells (DCs) function, and cornea-derived transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β(2)) promotes the generation of phenotypically and functionally immature DCs. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate whether PGE(2) is involved in the suppressive effect on DCs maturation mediated by corneal stroma cells (CSCs) and whether PGE(2) and TGF-β(2) have additive effects in this immunosuppressive mechanism.Bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs), splenic T cells and CSCs culture supernatant were obtained from mice via various protocols. After that, the level of PGE(2) in CSCs culture supernatant was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, immature BM-DCs pretreated by E-prostanoid 2 receptor antagonist AH6809 or dimethyl sulfoxide were induced to mature in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, with or without CSCs culture supernatant. In parallel experiments, neutralizing TGF-β(2) antibody or normal goat IgG was added into the supernatant. Next, the cellular surface markers for DCs maturation, including CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII), were analyzed by flow cytometry; the capability of stimulating the proliferation of T lymphocytes was evaluated by allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions and the function of endocytosis was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran uptake.Higher concentration of PGE(2) was detected in CSCs culture supernatant than in the fresh medium. In addition, compared with control group, after treated with the supernatant in the mature stage, BM-DCs displayed lower expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC II, lower T cell stimulatory capacity and higher endocytosis function. However, after the application of AH6809, BM-DCs partially regained T cell stimulatory capacity and expression of CD86 and MHC II, but partially lost endocytic activity. Moreover, after the application of AH6809 and neutralizing TGF-β(2) antibody, the result of statistical analysis indicated that there was a statistical difference of interaction in the expression of MHC II and T cell stimulatory capacity.PGE(2) contributes to the suppressive effect on BM-DCs maturation mediated by CSCs in vitro, and PGE(2) and TGF-β(2) have additive effects on the immunosuppression of BM-DCs.

This study was to establish a model that adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) infected on Hep-2 cell in order to explore anti-adenovirus3 (HAdV-3) effect of Chinese medicine realgar in vitro.Use high-energy ball milling with distilled water to prepare realgar nanoparticles. The concentration of nanometer realgar was tested by molybdenum blue staining method and realgar nanoparticles' particle size was tested on Nano Series. The technique of cell culture with ribavirin as positiv control was to observe anti-adenovirus effect through prevention, treatment and direct inactivation of three kinds of drug delivery.This drug was found to be a potential inhibitor of HAdV-3 in a concentration-dependent manner with the median toxic concentration (TC50) of 0.649 microg/ml in Hep-2 Cell culture. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) was 0.255 microg/ml when drug was added before infection. The IC50 was 0.142 microg/ml when drug was added after virus infection, and it was 0.117 microg/ml as the drug was added after it mixed with virus. The therapeutic index (TI) was 2.55, 4.57 and 5.55 respectively.The direct inactivation effect of realgar nanoparticles is the most evident in three drug deliveries manner with the same concentration in vitro.

Purpose The peripheral cornea contains mature and immature resident dendritic cells (DCs) while the central cornea is exclusively equipped with immature DCs. There must be some factors that cause immature DCs. This study investigated whether corneal stroma cells (CSCs) inhibit DC maturation by secreting cytokines. Methods The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein level of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immature DCs were induced to mature in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and with concentrations of CSC culture supernatant (containing and not containing neutralizing TGF-β2 antibodies). Then, the DC phenotypic and functional maturation were analyzed. Results CSCs exhibited positive expressions of TGF-β2 mRNA and secreted high concentrations of TGF-β2 protein. In the presence of LPS, DCs, which were treated with a CSC culture supernatant, displayed reduced expressions of cluster of differentiation 80 (CD80), CD86, and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treated DCs showed lower T-cell stimulation capacity and a higher endocytosis function. However, these phenotypic and functional modifications were partially reversed after the application of neutralizing TGF-β2 antibodies. Conclusions This study demonstrates that CSCs can partially inhibit LPS-induced DC maturation through TGF-β2 secretion in vitro.

The new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was developed to address the systematic underestimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation in patients with relatively well-preserved kidney function. Performance of the new equation in the Chinese population is unknown. The goal of the present study was to compare performance of these two equations in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).We enrolled 450 Chinese patients (239 women and 211 men) with CKD in the present study. The renal dynamic imaging method was used to measure the referenced standard GFR (rGFR) for comparison with estimations using the two equations. Their overall performance was assessed with the Bland-Altman method and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Performance of the two equations in lower and higher estimated GFR (eGFR) subgroups was further investigated.Both eGFRs correlated well with rGFR (r = 0.88, 0.81, P0.05). In overall performance, the CKD-EPI equation showed less bias, higher precision and improved accuracy, and was better for detecting CKD. In the higher-eGFR subgroup, the CKD-EPI equation corrected the underestimation of GFR by the abbreviated MDRD equation.The CKD-EPI equation outperformed the abbreviated MDRD equation not only in overall performance but also in the subgroups studied. For the present, the CKD-EPI equation appears to be the first-choice prediction equation for estimating GFR.

This study was to establish a model to explore anti- RSV effect of different administration method of Chinese medicine realgar on respiratory syncytial virus type A (RSV-A) replication in Hep-2 cells. Using high-energy ball milling with distilled water to prepare realgar nanoparticles,the concentration of nanometer realgar was tested by molybdenum blue staining method and the size of realgar nanoparticles was tested on Nano Series. Cell culture with ribavirin as a positive control was applied to observe the effect of anti-respiratory syncytial virus type A replication through prevention, treatment or direct inactivation of three different drug administration methods. Realgar nano-particles was found to be a potential inhibitor of RSV-A in a concentration-dependent manner with the median toxic concentration(TC50) of 0.649 microg/mL in Hep-2 cell culture. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) was 0.20 microg/mL when drug was added before virus infection. The IC50 was 0.13 microg/mL when drug was added after virus infection,and it was 0.16 microg/mL when the drug was mixed with virus and added. The therapeutic index (TI) was 3.18, 4.99 and 4.11, respectively. The results showed realgar nanoparticles could inhibit the replication of the RSV and inactivate the RSV in vitro.

Treatment of [CuCl(2)(bppyH(2))] (1, bppyH(2) = 2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) with 2 equiv. of AgNO(3) in DMF gave rise to a binuclear Cu(II) complex [Cu(2)(bppyH)(2)(NO(3))(2)] (bppyH = 2-(pyrazol-3-yl)-6-(pyrazolate)pyridine) (2). Complex 2 was characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 2 has a dimeric structure in which the two Cu(ii) centers are bridged by a couple of the in situ-generated bppyH(-) anions. Each Cu(II) center is further coordinated by one O atom of a NO(3)(-) anion and three N atoms of one bppyH(-) anion. Complex 2 exhibited a higher catalytic activity in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) than the precursor complex 1. Even though the ratio of catalyst to MMA was raised up to 1 : 1500, the PDI for 2 (reaction time was fixed at 4 h) is 1.63 and the conversion is up to 72%. The effects of solvent, reaction temperature and the ratio of MMA to catalyst were also investigated.

Reaction of MeHgI with Ag(2)O in H(2)O followed by addition of equimolar TabHPF(6) in MeCN gave rise to a methylmercury zwitterionic thiolate complex [MeHg(Tab)]PF(6) (1) (TabH = 4-(trimethylammonio)benzenethiol) in a high yield. Treatment of 1 with KI and KSCN afforded an anion exchange product [MeHg(Tab)]I·0.25H(2)O (2·0.25H(2)O) and [MeHg(Tab)]SCN (3), respectively, while that of 1 with equimolar Tab resulted in the formation of another MeHg/Tab compound [MeHg(Tab)(2)]PF(6) (4). The cation of 2 or 3 shows an approximately linear structure in which the central Hg(II) is coordinated by one C atom of one CH(3) group and one S atom of a Tab ligand. The Hg(ii) center of the cation of 4 is trigonally coordinated by one C atom of the CH(3) group and two S atoms of two Tab ligands. The analogous reaction of 1 with NH(4)SCN led to the cleavage of the Hg-C bond of 1 and the formation of a known four-coordinated Hg(II)/Tab complex [Hg(Tab)(2)(SCN)(2)] (5). When 4 was treated with 4,6-Me(2)pymSH or EtSH, another four-coordinated Hg(II)/Tab complex [Hg(Tab)(4)](3)(PF(6))(6) (6) was generated in a high yield. The Hg(II) center of each cation of 6 is tetrahedrally coordinated by four S atoms of four Tab ligands. The results suggested that cleavage of the Hg-C bond in the methylmercury complex 1 could be completed by increasing the coordination number of its Hg(II) center by S-donor ligands and protonating the methyl group by weak acids.

At present, equipments of pharmaceutical process, control system of traditional Chinese medicine are very poor and the automatic production is quite insufficient. For these reasons, the PROFIBUS-DP profibus control network is designed in this paper through the analysis of technological requirements and control features in each pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine. The framework of control system and the configuration system of software and hardware are mainly introduced in this paper. With this control system, it is able to realize the centralized control of each pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine, improving greatly the intelligence degree and automatic production degree of pharmaceutical process of traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE To observe the influence of the 4 parts of forming of Yiqi Qingwen Jidu Heji(YQQWJDHJ) to lung inflammatory cytokines of the model rats infected with influenza virus dynamically, and to discuss the mechanism of 4 parts of forming to anti-influenza immune injury and restoration. METHOD At the different stages of infection with the model rats infected by FM1 influenza, expression in lung of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1, IL-10 and IFN-gamma was detected after the intervention of 4 parts of forming using ELISA method. RESULT The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 and IFN-gamma of model rats infected by FM1 were higher than the control group, the expression of IL-10 did not change. The expression of TNF-alpha was significantly reduced in 3 to 5 days after infection. By the method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold, clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi, the lung expression of IFN-gamma was significantly increased in the stage after infection. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-warm significantly reduced lung expression of IL-6 after infection in 1 to 3 days and on the 7th day, decreased the expression of IL-1 in 3 to 7 days, increased IFN-gamma expression on the 3rd day and the 7th day, and significantly increased the expression of IL-10 on the 1st day and in 5 to 7 days. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold reduced the expresssion of IL-6 after infection, and significantly increased the expression of IL-10. It could increase the expression of IL-1 after infection on the 3rd day, but reduced IL-1 expression after infection 7 days. The method of clearing away heat and poison reduced lung IL- 6 expression after infection in 3 to 7 days significantly, decreased the expression of IL-1 in 5 to 7 days, also increased the lung expression of IL-10 in 1 to 5 days significantly. The method of replenishing Qi significantly reduced the expression of IL-6 after infection on the 1st day and in 5 to 7 days, decreased the expression of IL-1 in 3 to 7 days, also significantly increased the lung IL-10 on the 5th day after infection. CONCLUSION The method of clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi could be against the lung immune inflammatory damage and repair damage. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-warm demonstrated some immunity against lung injury on the 3rd day after infection and the method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold demonstrated some immunity against lung injury on the 5th days after infection.

Reactions of [H(4)L][PF(6)](4) with 4 equiv. of Mn(OAc)(2)·4H(2)O in the presence of air gave rise to a mononuclear Mn(III)-superoxo complex [Mn(III)L(O(2))(H(2)O)](PF(6))(2), which contains a bowl-shaped cationic structure with a D(4d) symmetry. It has an unprecedented linear end-on Mn(III)-O(2) unit and exhibited good efficiency and selectivity in the catalytic oxidation of alkenes with O(2) plus isobutyraldehyde under mild conditions.

To establish the reference range of intracranial translucency (IT) in the first trimester in a Chinese population.In a prospective study from March 2007 to June 2007, three-dimensional (3D) volumes of the fetal profile in the mid-sagittal plane were recorded from 102 normal pregnancies screened for trisomy 21 by the combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, maternal serum free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. 3D volumes were examined using multiplanar techniques. In the mid-sagittal plane the fourth ventricle presents as an (IT between the brain stem and choroid plexus. The anteroposterior diameter of IT in each case was measured. The relationship between IT with the other parameter was also examined.The IT at first trimester ranged from 1.35 to 2.6 mm. There was no significant association between IT with NT, and serum biochemistry. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement was assessed in 20 (19.6%) normal cases. Mean (SD) differences of two observers was -0.015 (0.132) mm (p 0.05). For each observer, mean (SD) between the 2 paired measurements were -0.001 (0.097) mm, and 0.010 (0.085) mm, respectively (p 0.05).In the first trimester, the reference range of IT in Chinese fetuses has been established. The assessment of IT is feasible and reproducible.

To explore a minimally invasive technique with hydroxylapatite artificial bone to repair the orbital blowout fracture.Twenty-one cases of orbital blowout fracture from March 2008 to April 2010 were enrolled. And the fractures were repaired with a bridge of hydroxylapatite artificial bone under a nasal endoscope. During a regular 6-month follow-up, anatomic and functional recovery was evaluated.There was neither postoperative visual loss nor infection in all cases. At 3 months post-operation, diplopia vanished completely (n = 17), remained in peripheral vision (n = 2), existed in primary ocular position (n = 2) and the deviation of eyeball (n = 1). At Month 3, diplopia in peripheral vision or in primary position and the deviation of eyeball showed no improvement. Compared with the uninjured side, enophthalmos: ≤ 2 mm (n = 18),2 mm (n = 2) and4 mm (n = 1). The passive traction test was positive in one case. On computed tomograph (CT) scanning, there was no bone dislocation or slippage in all cases.The surgical efficacy is excellent. The technique of combining the advantages of endoscopic sinus approach and hydroxyapatite artificial bone is worth a wider popularization.

Treatment of [Et(4)N][Tp*WS(3)] (1) (Tp* = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) with 2 equiv of AgSCN in MeCN afforded a novel neutral compound [(Tp*WS(2))(2)(μ-S(2))] (2). Reactions of 2 with excess CuX (X = Cl, Br, I) in MeCN and CH(2)Cl(2) or CHCl(3) formed three neutral W/Cu/S clusters [{Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)(μ-Cl)}(2)Cu(μ-Cl)(2)(μ(7)-Cl)(MeCN)](2) (3), [{Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)}(2)Br(μ-Br)(2)(μ(4)-Br)(MeCN)] (4), and [{Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)}(2){Cu(2)(μ-I)(4)(μ(3)-I)(2)}] (5), respectively. On the other hand, treatment of 2 with CuX (X = Cl, Br) in the presence of Et(4)NX (X = Cl, Br) produced two anionic W/Cu/S clusters [Et(4)N][{Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)X}(2)(μ-X)(2)(μ(4)-X)] (6: X = Cl; 7 X = Br). Compounds 2-7 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, (1)H NMR, electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The dimeric structure of 2 can be viewed as two [Tp*WS(2)] fragments in which two W atoms are connected by one S(2)(2-) dianion. Compounds 3-7 all possess unique halide-bridged double cubanelike frameworks. For 3, two [Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)](2+) dications are linked via a μ(7)-Cl(-) bridge, two μ-Cl(-) bridges, and a [Cu(MeCN)(μ-Cl)(2)](+) bridge. For 4, one [Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)(MeCN)](2+) dication and one [Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)Br](+) cation are linked via a μ(4)-Br(-) and two μ-Br(-) bridges. For 5, the two [Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)](2+) dications are bridged by a linear [(μ-I)(2)Cu(μ(3)-I)(2)Cu(μ-I)(2)](4+) species. For 6 and 7, two [Tp*W(μ(3)-S)(3)Cu(3)X](+) cations are linked by a μ(4)-X(-) and two μ-X(-) bridges (X = Cl, Br). In addition, the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 2-7 in MeCN/CH(2)Cl(2) were investigated by using femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) technique.

To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment, and prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma and gastric carcinoma with neuroendocrine cell differentiation.A total of 19 patients were treated for gastric neuroendocrine cancer or gastric cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation in the Beijing Cancer Hospital from January 1997 to December 2008. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Fourteen patients had neuroendocrine carcinoma in the gastric cardia (n=9) or gastric body(n=5), and 5 patients had gastric cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation in the gastric cardia(n=2), the antrum(n=2), and the entire stomach(n=1). According to the International Classification of Disease for Oncology(2000), patients were divided into gastric carcinoid type I((n=2, 10.5%), type III( sporadic gastric carcinoid (n=9, 47.4%), small cell carcinoma of the stomach(n=3,15.8%), and gastric cancer with neuroendocrine cell differentiation(n=5, 26.3%). Clinical manifestations were mostly non-specific. Diagnosis was based on pathological and immunohistochemical examination. Eighteen patients underwent surgery including radical subtotal gastrectomy and total gastrectomy, of whom 3 underwent simultaneous resection of the liver metastasis. The remaining one patient with small cell carcinoma of the gastric body received chemotherapy alone because of unresectable liver metastasis. The survival rate was 73.7% at 1 year and 38.6% at 3 years.Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma usually develops in the cardia and body of the stomach. Gastric carcinoma with neuroendocrine cell differentiation can occur in any locations of the stomach. Immunohistochemistry is important to the diagnosis. Radical resection is the main treatment.

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] released from mast cells or platelets in peripheral tissues is one of the important inflammatory mediators in pain and hyperalgesia. The involvement of 5-HT in pain is complex because it could inhibit or facilitate nociceptive transmission, reflecting the presence of multiple 5-HT subtype receptors on peripheral and central nociceptors. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of 5-HT2Bin 5-HT-induced pain and whether the subtype exists in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Injecting the 5-HT or 5-HT2agonist in hindpaws of mice induced significant hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli, which was inhibited by the 5-HT2B/2Cantagonist but not by 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, or 5-HT3Aantagonists. Therefore, 5-HT2Bor 5-HT2Cmay be involved in 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The 5-HT2B/2Cantagonist also blocked 5-HT-induced transient [Ca2+] signaling in DRG neurons. All subtypes of 5-HT receptors except 5-HT2Cand 5-HT6are present in DRGs.In situhybridization also demonstrated 5-HT2Bmainly expressed in small- to medium-diameter DRG neurons that respond to pain. Likely, 5-HT2Bmediates 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice.

To investigate changes of plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration in photodynamic induced rat anterior ischemic optic neuropathy model (rAION) and evaluate the effects of compound anisodine hydrobromide (CA).Eighty-five Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a blank control group of 10 rats and a model group of 75 rats. rAION model was established in the model group by photodynamic induction. The model group was divided into a rAION simple group of 25 rats, a CA intervention group of 25 rats, and a normal saline (NS) control group of 25 rats. Beginning from the day that the rAION model was established, temporal subcutaneous injections (once daily for 3 days) of CA and NS were performed in the CA and the NS groups, respectively. The plasma ET-1 concentrations were detected by radioimmunoassay and analyzed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days.The means plasma ET-1 concentration of rAION simple group is (114.9±17.6) ng/L, higher than that of the control group (69.4±9.1) ng/L (t=14.92, P0.01). In the rAION model group, the plasma ET-1 concentrations 1 to 5 days after the model was established were higher than that of 7 to 14 days. During observational periods, on the 1st, 5th, 7th and 14th day, there was no significant difference between the CA and NS groups (t=0.58, 2.07, 0.81 and 0.93, P0.05), but on the 3rd day the level of plasma ET-1 concentration in the CA group was significantly lower than that of the NS group (t=4.72, P0.05).Increase of plasma ET-1 concentrations may play an important role in the pathogenesis of photodynamic induced rAION model. CA can decrease the plasma ET-1 concentrations in rAION rats.

Objective To observe dynamically the influence of 4 parts of forming of YQJM (Yiqi Qingwen Jiedu mixture) (referred to as 4 parts of forming) including the methods of relieving superficies with acrid-warm, relieving superficies with acrid-cold, clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi to serum inflammatory cytokines of the model mice infected with influenza virus. And to discuss the mechanism of 4 parts of forming of anti-influenza immune injury and restoration. Method Made the model with the mice infected by FM1 influenza infection, used ELISA method, observed dynamically the influence of four methods on the level of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1, IFN-gamma and IL-10 inflammatory cytokines. Result The level of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 and IFN-gamma of mice infected by FM1 significantly increased, while the level of serum IL-10 was lower than the control group on the first day of infection, but the levels were much higher than the control group in 3 to 7 days after infection. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-warm significantly decreased the levels of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 on the 5th day after infection, and significantly increased the levels of serum IL-10 on the 3rd and 7th day after infection. The method could inhibit the immune injury to some extent. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold decreased the levels of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 in 5 to 7 days after infection, increased the level of serum IL-1 on the 3rd day after infection, decreased the level of serum IL-1 on the 7th day after infection, significantly increased the levels of serum IL-10 in 1 to 3 days and on the 7th day after infection. The method could be against inflammatory injury. The method of clearing away heat and poison decreased the levels of serum TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 after infection in 3 to 5 days and on the 7th day, and significantly increased IL-10 each time after infection. It exhibited more strong inhibition of inflammatory injury and repair. The method of replenishing Qi significantly decreased the level of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 in 3 to 7 days after infection, increased the level of serum IL-1 the first 3 days after infection, but decreased the level of serum IL-1 on the 7th day after infection. The method significantly increased the levels of serum IL-10 in 3 to 5 days and on the 7th day. It exhibited inhibition of inflammatory injury. The method of relieving superficies with acrid-cold significantly increased the levels of serum IFN-gamma in 3 days after infection, while the methods of clearing away heat and poison and replenishing Qi significantly increased the levels of serum IFN-gamma in 1 to 3 days and on the 7th day. They exhibited anti-virus and suppression of the immune injury. Conclusion Chinese medicine could correct the imbalance of inflammatory cytokines and be against injury, promote injury restoration, and protect the body.

To investigate the effect of potassium channel opener (diazoxide) on the islet cells apoptosis and bcl-2 and bax gene expressions in diabetic rats.Islet cell apoptosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). The rats were randomly allocated into normal control group (NC group), diabetes mellitus group (DM group), and diazoxide group (DIA group), all treated with diazoxide for 4 weeks. During and after the treatment, the general state, body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), food intake, and oral glucose tolerance of the rats were assessed. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in rat islet cells were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay.Compared with the NC group, the rats in the DM group showed significantly decreased body weight (P0.05), increased blood glucose at o and 120 min after oral glucose administration, decreased expressions of Bcl-2 (P0.01), increased expression of Bax (P0.01), and increased islet cell apoptosis (P0.05). Diazoxide treatment significantly decreased the body weight (P0.05), decreased the blood glucose, increased Bcl-2 expression (P0.01), decreased Bax expression (P0.05), and reduced the islet cell apoptosis (P0.05) of the diabetic rats.By causing potassium channel opening, diazoxide can obviously improve the oral glucose tolerance, reduce the body weight, and up-regulate Bcl-2 and down-regulate Bax expression in diabetic rats. Diazoxide can also reduce the apoptosis of the islet cells in diabetic rats.

Polycrystalline CoSn alloy thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition from two single-source organometallic precursors containing Co–Sn bonds, Me3SnCo(CO)4 at 250–300 °C and Ph3SnCo(CO)4 at 300–400 °C. Deposition rates were 250–660 A min−1. Deposited films were characterized by scanning electron microscopic, energy dispersive spectroscopic, atomic absorption spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopic analyses. Co and Sn elements are evenly distributed in the films. The films are composed of the CoSn phase with a minor constituent of α-Co3Sn2.

To investigate the feasibility and reproducibility of measurements of nasal bone length using a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in the first trimester.In a prospective study, 118 consecutive pregnant women attending for Down syndrome screening at 11-13 + 6 weeks were recruited. They had successful fetal nasal bone measurement by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound by four operators. Three-dimensional volumes were recorded in the mid-sagittal plane of fetal profile by the fifth operator and examined using multiplanar techniques. Another independent investigator randomly compared his measurements with one of the four operators.In the subsequent 3D examination, the nasal bone length could be examined in 94 cases (79.7%). The mean difference between the 2D and 3D measurements was 0.19 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.31] (P0.05). Limits of agreement were -0.73 to 1.11. The mean differences between these two observers were 0.66 mm (95% CI -0.47 to 0.86) (P0.05).There was significant intermethod difference between the results obtained by 2D and 3D, as well as substantial interobserver variation in 3D measurement of fetal nasal bone length in the first trimester. Independent 3D measurement of nasal bone offers no additional advantages over 2D sonography.

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder with symptoms including nystagmus, impaired motor development, ataxia, and progressive spasticity. The proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene is the only pathogenic gene of PMD. Duplication of the PLP1 gene is the most frequent gene defect, accounting for 50%-70% of PMD cases, whereas point mutations in the coding sequence or the splice sites account for 10%-25% of PMD cases. This study aimed to identify PLP1 mutations in nine unrelated Chinese patients (P1-9) with PMD, and 14 subjects from the family of patient 2 were also described.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Gene dosage was determined using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). All 7 exons and exon-intron boundaries of the PLP1 gene were amplified and analyzed using direct DNA sequencing.Of these nine patients, there were four transitional, four classical, and one connatal PMD according to their clinical and radiological presentations. PLP1 duplications were identified in patients 1-7 with PMD. Their mothers were PLP1 duplications carriers as well. Both duplication carriers and normal genotypes of PLP1 were identified in the family members of patient 2. A c.517CT (p. P173S) hemizygous missense mutation in exon 4 was found in patient 8 with PMD, and his mother was shown to be a heterozygote of this mutation.We identified seven genomic duplications and one missense mutation (p. P173S) of the PLP1 gene in eight Chinese patients with PMD. This is the report about PLP1 mutations in PMD patients from the mainland of China.

Ethanol oxidation on Pt is a typical multistep and multiselectivity heterogeneous catalytic process. A comprehensive understanding of this fundamental reaction would greatly benefit design of catalysts for use in direct ethanol fuel cells and the degradation of biomass-derived oxygenates. In this work, the reaction network of ethanol oxidation on different Pt surfaces, including close-packed Pt{111}, stepped Pt{211}, and open Pt{100}, is explored thoroughly with an efficient reaction path searching method, which integrates our new transition-state searching technique with periodic density functional theory calculations. Our new technique enables the location of the transition state and saddle points for most surface reactions simply and efficiently by optimization of local minima. We show that the selectivity of ethanol oxidation on Pt depends markedly on the surface structure, which can be attributed to the structure-sensitivity of two key reaction steps: (i) the initial dehydrogenation of ethanol and (ii) the oxidation of acetyl (CH3CO). On open surface sites, ethanol prefers C-C bond cleavage via strongly adsorbed intermediates (CH2CO or CHCO), which leads to complete oxidation to CO2. However, only partial oxidizations to CH3CHO and CH3COOH occur on Pt{111}. Our mechanism points out that the open surface Pt{100} is the best facet to fully oxidize ethanol at low coverages, which sheds light on the origin of the remarkable catalytic performance of Pt tetrahexahedra nanocrystals found recently. The physical origin of the structure-selectivity is rationalized in terms of both thermodynamics and kinetics. Two fundamental quantities that dictate the selectivity of ethanol oxidation are identified: (i) the ability of surface metal atoms to bond with unsaturated C-containing fragments and (ii) the relative stability of hydroxyl at surface atop sites with respect to other sites.

To detect subtelomeric rearrangement in patients with idiopathic mental retardation/developmental delays (MR/DD) and to provide new methods and evidence for the etiologic diagnosis of MR/DD in China.1.(1) Moderate to severe MR/DD; (2) no definite perinatal brain injury; (3) no toxication, hypoxia, infection of central nervous system and cranial trauma; (4) routine karyotyping is normal; (5) no evidence of typical inherited metabolic disorder or specific neurodegenerative disorders from cranial neuro-imaging and blood/urinary metabolic diseases screening; (6) no mutation of FMR1 gene in male patients plus one of the following criteria: (1) positive family history of MR; (2) positive family history of miscarriages and perinatal deaths; (3) abnormal growth; (4) facial and non-facial dysmorphism. 2. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied to detect subtelomeric rearrangements in patients and their parents.Four cases were identified from 39 selected cases with subtelomeric rearrangements (10%), including der (2) t (2; 4) (pter; pter), 11qter del, 8pter del, and 15p11.2 del. The first two abnormalities of chromosome subtelomeric regions have not been reported yet. All these cases had some small dysmorphologies, such as microcephaly, hypertelorism, low nasal bridge, and three of them had hypotonia. One case had recurrent seizure and abnormal behavior (laughter not associated with happiness), and another case with dysgenesis of corpus callosum and septum pellucidum. Family and perinatal histories were normal for all cases. All chromosome rearrangements were de novo which were not from the parents with normal phenotype. It indicated that all these abnormal rearrangements should be responsible for the mental retardation phenotype of these patients. The phenotype of case 4 was similar to Angelman syndrome, his deletion was actually a kind of interstitial rearrangements. It will be confirmed by DNA methylation test to determine whether the deleted allele was of maternal origin.The subtelomeric rearrangements were found in 10% patients with idiopathic MR. It indicated that subtelomeric rearrangements should be one of major reasons of MR/DD related to genetic factors. Two novel subtelomeric rearrangements were identified. These de novo rearrangements are probably disease related, because they are not inherited from their parents with normal phenotype. The detection should be carried out for all the patients with idiopathic MR/DD with unknown origin, because one cannot figure out the specific signs for subtelomeric rearrangements. Sequentially use of MLPA and FISH is a more efficient and economic method to detect the subtelomeric rearrangements.

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a rare X-linked recessive leukoencephalopathy. Few reports of PMD patients without genetic confirmation have been published in the mainland of China. The clinical and genetic features of a family with PMD were analyzed, which may contribute to definite diagnosis, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of this rare hereditary disease in China.Clinical data of the proband and other family members as well as 14 DNA samples were collected. Clinical features including symptoms, signs and cranial MRI were analyzed. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assays were performed to detect PLP1 duplication, which helps identify the type of PLP1 mutation in this family and the genotype-phenotype correlations.(1) The proband and the other 3 male patients in the family presented with nystagmus, motor retardation followed by regression. The cranial MRI of proband showed evidence of poor myelination with diffused high signal in white matter region on T2-weighed image and reduced amount of white matter in volume, which is consistent with the typical features of cranial MRI in PMD. (2) PLP1duplication was identified in the proband. Combined with the clinical features of the proband and other patients in this family, the diagnosis of classic form of PMD was confirmed. Another 3 females with normal phenotype in the family were proved to be carriers of PLP1duplication.(1) The Classic form of PMD in this pedigree is resulted from the PLP1 duplication, which is consistent with the previously reported genotype-phenotype correlations; (2) The results serve as an evidence for reliable genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this family. (3) MLPA, which is a newly developed method, is a rapid and reliable technique to detect the whole gene duplication of PLP1.

To investigate the effect of short-term intensive treatment with insulin pump on beta cell function and the mechanism of oxidative stress in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Totally 120 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were treated with insulin pump for 2 weeks. The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), homeostatic model assessment of the insulin secretion index and insulin resistance index (HOMA-beta and HOMAIR, respectively), blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured before and after insulin pump treatment.After insulin pump treatment, FPG, 2hPG, HOMAIR and blood MDA were significantly decreased (P0.01), while HOMA-beta and blood SOD were significantly increased (P0.01).Short-term intensive treatment with insulin pump can effectively improve beta cell function probably by decreasing oxidative stress in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

The diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) has been brought up and applied to the variable flow heating system with features of being nonlinear, time-varying, uncertainty and serious coupling among variations. This application of the network can overcome and eliminate the coupling among the variations, when the control process of heating system is either static or dynamic. What is more, the design of a neural network decoupling controller has also been given. After the Matlab simulation, it shows that the purposes of shortening the dynamic time and completely static decoupling can be achieved and to our satisfaction.

For effects of the parameters of fuzzy controller with nonlinear scaling factors on a system's performance and the parameters are interactive, this paper proposes a parameters self-adaptive fuzzy controller based on genetic algorithm (GA). Simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy controller has better dynamics and static property. When the parameters or structure of plant is changed, the presented parameters self-adaptive fuzzy controller can maintain good performance indicators and has stronger robustness.

OBJECTIVE: To explore microcosmic information in chronic gastritis dampness syndrome by using serum proteomics of patients with chronic gastritis dampness syndrome. METHODS: Serum proteomics of 18 dampness syndrome cases, 17 non-dampness syndrome cases in chronic gastritis patients and 8 normal controls were analyzed by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) protein-chip. RESULTS: There was a high expression trend in three ratios of charge (of an electron) to mass (M/S) of 3.2 kD, 6.4 kD and 8.1 kD of protein expression spectrum from patients with chronic gastritis dampness syndrome, and the wave peak value was over 10 units. There was a low expression trend in above-mentioned sites of protein expression spectrum from patients with chronic gastritis non-dampness syndrome and normal group. The wave peak value of patients with chronic gastritis non-dampness syndrome was about or below 10 units, and the wave peak value in normal group was below 5 units. CONCLUSION: There exists a certain significance to explore biologic theory basis of chronic gastritis dampness syndrome by analyzing the serum proteomics.

For effects of the parameters of fuzzy controller with nonlinear scaling factors on a system's performance and the parameters are interactive, this paper proposes a method based on genetic algorithm (GA) to tune and optimize the parameters. Simulation results show that system which adopted the parameters derived from the method has better dynamics and static property. When the parameters or structure of plant is changed, a fuzzy controller with nonlinear scaling factors can maintain good performance indicators through re-tuning parameters and has stronger robustness.

On the base of analysis on the control requirements, difficulty and coupling relationship among variations of variable flow heating system. Decoupling control strategy based on neural network has been studied, as well as the design of a neural network controller, and the complete of Matlab simulation. It is shown from the simulation results that the application of the decoupling control method to variable flow heating system is effective and feasible.

To study the principle of arthroscopic surgery and its clinical importance on the traumatic anterior shoulder instability.From September 2002 to May 2005, 18 patients with injury history of 15 weeks averagely, were involved in the study. Twelve of the patients had a history of sports injuries, 5 had shoulder injuries during working time, and 1 had a traffic accident. Among them, 18 had shoulder pain, 15 had limitation of range of motion (ROM) of shoulder, 18 had positive apprehension test and 5 had positive speed test. Three patients had Hill-Satch lesion in X-ray. Double contrast CT: I degree: 1; II degree: 15; III degree: 2. On arthroscopic view, 18 had anterior glenoid labrum detachment, 4 had anterior capsular laxity, 4 had combined superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) injury, 3 had free body, 2 had humeral head or glenoid cartilage lesion. Anterior glenoid labrum detachment in 18 patients was reduced and sutured by the fixed anchor technique, 3 had anterior capsule shrinkage, 2 had debridement of frayed long head tendon of biceps, and 2 had reattachment of the long head tendon of biceps outside the capsule. SLAP injuries were sutured in 3 and debridement of frayed superior labrum in 1.All of the patients were followed up with an average of 18 months (10 - 32 months). All the patients felt free of the pain of their shoulder, except one felt shoulder aching after strenuous exercise. The loss of the external-rotation of the operated shoulder was less than 20 degrees in 2 patients and the posterior extension was 10 degrees in 1 patient. One patient had a positive result of Apprehension Sign. UCLA score: 14 +/- 3 preoperatively, 32 +/- 5 postoperatively (t = 14.081, P0.01). All patients returned to pre-injured sports activities and original work.Traumatic anterior shoulder instability can obtain good effects when treated with the arthroscopic surgery of shoulder. Complete reduction, and reliable fixation of the anterior glenoid labrum complex is the key point. Fixation with the suture anchor is reliable and makes the operation simple.

The principal purpose of this study is to set up efficient purification techniques of small DNAs which are suitable for isolation of from tens to three hundred bases of genes. On the bases of the technique, purification methods for big DNA fragments are established. In the experiment, the DNA bands were cut after agarose gel electrophoresis and put into 0.5 mL of tubes with silica wool, glass wood, absorbent cotton and cotton at the bottom. And then 10 000 r/min for 2 min, the liquid was collected. The results indicated that silica wool was the best of the materials. The recovery rate for DNAs below 200bp was over 90%, 85% to approximately 90% for 300bp. And the technique can be applied to purify bigger DNA fragments. The kits for DNA purification hardly recovered DNA below 150bp. The recovery rate for 150bp of DNA was 5%, 60% even for 300bp. The efficiencies of enzymic digestion and enzymic connection for the DNAs purified by the technique were the same as those for the DNAs isolated by the kits. So, the technique is obviously superior to kit purification methods.

OBJECTIVE To explore the immunological mechanism of exfoliative tongue fur in children with asthma. METHODS Thirty-nine children with asthma, twenty-eight children with repetitive respiratory tract infection (non-asthma) and eleven healthy children were divided into five groups, which were asthma with exfoliative fur or with non-exfoliative fur groups, non-asthma with exfoliative fur or with non-exfoliative fur groups and normal control group. The concentrations of keratin 13 and bcl-2 in cells exfoliated from tongue fur were detected by immunohistochemical method. The expression levels of blood cell chemokine receptor-3 (CCR-3) and CD4(+) were examined by flow cytometry, and the levels of serum cortisol and IgE were detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS The levels of blood CD4(+) and CCR-3 of children with asthma and exfoliative fur were higher than those in the asthma with non-exfoliative fur group and the normal control group (P

Our study aimed to investigate whether strain rate acceleration (SRA) during isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) could serve as a sensitive indicator of myocardial function.A total of 8 sheep underwent occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery or diagonal branches and 2 sheep underwent left circumflex coronary artery occlusion to create septal, apical, or basal segment myocardial ischemia 19 to 27 weeks before the study. Baseline, volume-loading, dobutamine, and metoprolol infusion were used to produce 4 hemodynamic stages for each sheep. Doppler tissue imaging was acquired using a 5-MHz probe (GE/VingMed Vivid Five, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis) on open-chest animals using the liver as a standoff at the apex. Using software (EchoPac, GE Medical Systems), SRA during IVCT was calculated and compared with tissue velocity acceleration (TVA) during IVCT from areas located in the normal and ischemic zones. Also, invasively monitored left ventricle dP/dt was measured as reference contractile function.Both TVA and SRA during IVCT showed higher values for normal tissue than for ischemic area (P.0001). SRA for normal wall segments changed significantly during the 4 stages (P =.01) with corresponding changes on high-fidelity left ventricular pressure catheters (r = 0.92). TVA over normal segments showed no significant change (P =.29) in the 4 hemodynamic stages. Both TVA and SRA of the ischemic segments showed no significant change with pharmacologic maneuvers or loading conditions.SRA and TVA during IVCT are both useful indicators for detecting abnormal heart wall motion. However, SRA tends to be more sensitive than TVA for differentiating the response to stress conditions.

To evaluate the significance of reticulated platelets (RPs) in the diagnosis of thrombocytopenic disorders and the relationship between RPs and the proliferative degree of megakaryocyte (MK) in bone marrow.With thiazole orange as a fluorescent dye, RPs were measured by analyzing the RNA content in platelets with flow cytometry and the percent and absolute counts of RPs were calculated.(1) The percent and absolute counts of the RPs in a normal group were (8.4 +/- 2.5)% and (16.8 +/- 6.8) x 10(9)/L respectively. (2) As compared with the normal group, the patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and hypersplenism had a significantly high percent and low absolute counts of RPs (P0.01). In patients with aplastic anemia, both the percent and absolute counts of RPs were at low levels (P0.05 and P0.01, respectively). There was no difference of RP percentage between the patients with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes and normal controls, but the absolute counts of RPs in the former was significantly lower than that in the latter. There was no difference between the percent and absolute counts of RPs among ITP patients with different proliferative degree of MK in bone marrow. (3) In all the diseases mentioned above, it was shown that RP percentage returned to normal in the effective cases after treatment, but no such change was found in the ineffective cases.Reticulated platelet counts contribute to the aetiology determination of the thrombocytopenia. It is also a valuable diagnostic method and a monitoring marker. There is no relationship between reticulated platelet counts and the counts of MK proliferation in bone marrow.

A 2D network [Zn4(OH)2(5-NO2-1,3-BDC)2(5-NO2-1,3-HBDC)2(ppene)2]n underwent a highly selective [2+2] photodimerization reaction upon UV irradiation. The coordination polymer retains its single crystallinity after photoreaction.

The paper proposed a high resolution single-chip monolithic inkjet printhead by combination glowing of nozzle plate on the silicon substrate and anisotropic etching. Ink channels are defined by a sacrificed layer and etched through a mesh network by anisotropic etching. Silicon based channels are strong enough to against the attack of ink solution. Surface planarization is achieved by using PECVD deposited low stress dielectric film on top of the channels to seal mesh cavities. The heater elements are buried in a thin- sandwiched membrane and face down like a back shooter. Ink slot is formed by etching the substrate from the backside and channel is then connected with ink slot. Electrical forming nozzle plate will be done later. In this structure, no more another ink channel material is necessary since it is formed on Si substrate. By direct forming nozzle plate on chip, alignment for bonding nozzle plate and chip could be avoided to cost down.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Through the precoating of TiO2 on Ni foam and the subsequent hydrothermal reaction of the coated species with NaOH and tetrabutyl titanate, we successfully demonstrated the engineered growth of TiO2 nanofibers on the NiO–Ni foam. The adsorption and photodecomposition of Rhodamine B in water showed that the resulting foam is very convenient for the purification of contaminated water. Selective permeability of Au nanoparticles of different sizes revealed that the modified foam possesses size-dependent separation functionality.

Reactions of Zn(NO3)2 with tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutane (tpcb) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2BDC), 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (4,4′-H2BPDB), 5-methyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (5-CH3-1,3-H2BDC), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (1,3,5-H3BTC), 5-amino-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (5-NH2-1,3-H2BDC), 4,4′-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid (4,4′-H2BPNDB) under solvothermal conditions led to the formation of six polydimensional coordination polymers {[Zn5(1,4-BDC)5(tpcb)2.5]·5H2O}n (1), {[Zn2(4,4′-BPDB)2(tpcb)]·0.5MeCN}n (2), [Zn2(OH2)2(5-CH3-1,3-BDC)2(tpcb)]n (3), {[Zn2(1,3,5-HBTC)2(tpcb)]·H2O}n (4), {[Zn2(5-NH2-1,3-BDC)2(tpcb)·H2O]}n (5), and [Zn2(4,4′-BPNDB)2(tpcb)]n (6). Compounds 1–6 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, powder X-ray diffraction, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 6 have different 3D (4,4) connected structures. Compounds 2–4 have different two-fold interpenetrating 3D (4,4)-connected structures. Compound 5 holds a 2D (3,4)-connected structure. The solid state luminescent properties of compounds 1–6 at ambient temperature were also investigated. The results provided some interesting insights into ligand effects on the structures and luminescent properties of zinc(II) coordination polymers.

Reactions of the preformed cluster [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))(2)Mo(2)(μ(3)-S)(4)Cu(2)(MeCN)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (1) with two tetraphosphine ligands, 1,4-N,N,N',N'-tetra(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)benzene diamine (dpppda) and N,N,N',N'-tetra(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethylene diamine (dppeda), produced two bicyclic clusters {[(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))(2)Mo(2)(μ(3)-S)(4)Cu(2)](2)(L)}(ClO(4))(4) (3: L = dpppda; 4: L = dppeda). Analogous reactions of 1 or [(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))(2)Mo(2)(μ(3)-S)(4)Cu(2)(MeCN)(2)](PF(6))(2) (2) with two N,P mixed ligands, N,N-bi(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)-2-aminopyridine (bdppmapy) and N-diphenylphosphanylmethyl-4-aminopyridine (dppmapy), afforded two monocyclic clusters {[(η(5)-C(5)Me(5))(2)Mo(2)(μ(3)-S)(4)Cu(2)](2)(L)(2)}X(4) (5: L = bdppmapy, X = ClO(4); 6: L = dppmapy, X = PF(6)). Compounds 3-6 were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV-vis spectra, (1)H and (31)P{(1)H} NMR spectra, ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In the tetracations of 3-6, two cubane-like [Mo(2)(μ(3)-S)(4)Cu(2)] cores are linked either by one dpppda or dppeda bridge to form a bicyclic structure or by a pair of bdppmapy or dppmapy bridges to afford a monocyclic structure. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 1 and 3-6 in MeCN were also investigated by femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) technique with a 50 fs pulse width at 800 nm. Compounds 3-6 exhibited enhanced third-order NLO performances relative to that of 1.