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Renal anemia stems mainly from chronic inflammation with elevated hepcidin levels, iron deficiency, and reduced red blood cell lifespan. Inadequate erythropoietin (EPO) production, worsened kidney function, leads to symptoms such as low energy, fatigue, and impaired physical function, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. We conducted a comprehensive search across electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Airiti library, and Wanfang, to compile recent clinical trials and pilot studies on conventional and complementary alternative medicine approaches for renal anemia. This discussion focuses on the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain (HIF-PHD) axis theory, from lab research to clinical applications. It explores non-extracorporeal treatments for renal anemia, including pharmaceutical interventions, dietary strategies, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The article details the effects of Roxadustat, Ferumoxytol, and Epodion. Clinical studies show that modulating the gut microbiome can reduce inflammation and improve renal anemia. Clinical trials suggest that CAM therapy can improve renal anemia through mechanisms such as enhanced iron metabolism, anti-inflammatory effects, reduced hepcidin levels, and increased EPO and HIF expressions. By synthesizing this information, the review aims to furnish valuable insights and treatment recommendations aimed at ameliorating renal anemia in individuals grappling with chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities. Genome-wide association and clinicopathological studies have demonstrated that the CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) gene is one of the most important genetic risk factors for AD. However, the precise mechanisms by which CD2AP is linked to AD pathogenesis remain unclear. Methods: The spatiotemporal expression pattern of CD2AP was determined. Then, we generated and characterized an APP/PS1 mouse model with neuron-specific Cd2ap deletion, using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrophysiology and behavioral tests. Additionally, we established a stable CD2AP-knockdown SH-SY5Y cell line to further elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms by which CD2AP contributes to AD pathogenesis. Finally, the APP/PS1 mice with neuron-specific Cd2ap deletion were treated with an inhibitor targeting the pathway identified above to further validate our findings. Results: CD2AP is widely expressed in various regions of the mouse brain, with predominant expression in neurons and vascular endothelial cells. In APP/PS1 mice, neuronal knockout of Cd2ap significantly aggravated tau pathology, synaptic impairments and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, the knockout of Cd2ap activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which contributed to increased tau phosphorylation, synaptic injury, neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the phenotypes of neuronal Cd2ap knockout were ameliorated by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Conclusion: Our study presents the first in vivo evidence that CD2AP deficiency exacerbates the phenotypes and pathology of AD through the p38 MAPK pathway, identifying CD2AP/p38 MAPK as promising therapeutic targets for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metasurfaces are considered the most promising technologies for holographic imaging applications due to their exceptional optical properties and capabilities. However, the work on terahertz (THz) metasurface holographic imaging is relatively limited. Here, we propose a THz dielectric geometric-propagation phase metasurface that can operate in dual modes (reflection and transmission) and enable reconfigurable multifunctional holographic imaging. The dual-mode operation is realized by controlling the Fermi energy level (Ef) of the graphene integrated into the metasurface unit, and the reconfigurable three-channel holographic imaging in reflection or transmission mode are achieved by switching the feed polarization among left-handed circular polarization (LCP), right-handed circular polarization (RCP), and linear polarization (LP). The metasurface is designed based on the transmission mode, and a physical model for switching to the reflection mode is established. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a reflection–transmission dynamic modulation THz holographic imaging metasurface has been developed. The holographic metasurface operates in transmission mode at Ef = 0.1 eV and in reflection mode at Ef = 0.9 eV. Compared with recently published holographic imaging metasurfaces, the proposed metasurface offers the following advantages: high holographic efficiencies (42.5% to 49%), more holographic imaging channels, dynamic modulation dual-mode operations, and reconfigurability. The simulation results match the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a high aperture efficiency (AE) small size tensor holographic impedance metasurface (THIMS), which has the ability to create circular polarized (CP) high purity orbital angular momentum (OAM) multi‐beams with flexibly independent control of the individual beam direction, polarization and OAM mode. The tensor unit cell is a cross‐slotted circular patch. We design a THIMS at 14.6 GHz for dual CP OAM beams: Beam‐I (LHCP, l = 1, θ1 = 30°, φ1 = 0°), Beam‐II (RHCP, l = −1, θ2 = 30°, φ2 = 180°). The developed tensor dual CP THIMS has the following advantages: high purity in xoy plane at z = 9.73 λ (λ wavelength, measured purity 88.4% for Beam‐I, and 93.5% for Beam‐II), high AE 25.1%, and small size 5.986 λ × 5.986 λ × 0.0618 λ. The calculated, simulated and measured results agree well. The generated dual CP OAM beams have potential applications for high‐capacity wireless communication, radar high resolution imaging, and rotation velocity measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter presents a technique for designing left-handed material (LHM) unit cell, and a minimized 2-D low-loss LHM square spiral unit cell ( 38~ \text mm \times 38 ~\text mm \times 1.6 ~\text mm ) with rotation symmetry is developed in the frequency band 13.56–14 MHz. Two LHM slabs with $5 \times 5$ unit cell array are added to the transmission and receiving antennas, respectively, and the power transfer efficiency has increased greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Stroke leads to tremendous impacts on patients and the healthcare system. It is crucial to explore the potential management of rehabilitation. Acupuncture and traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) integrated with conventional rehabilitation benefit post-stroke functional recovery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients included in the Integrated Traditional Chinese-Western Medicine care program for stroke (ITCWM-stroke care program) in 2019 in Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital to investigate the effects of acupuncture and TCHM integrated with conventional rehabilitation on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index (BI) scores before and after the program. Results: A total of 255 stroke inpatients were retrieved and divided into acupuncture and acupuncture + TCHM group by hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke types, respectively. All the patients were recruited in the program at the early subacute phase after stroke onset. Of the hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke subjects, the NIHSS and BI total scores were significantly improved in the acupuncture and acupuncture + TCHM groups. The subgroup analysis results showed that in subjects with a baseline BI score ≤ 40, the acupuncture + TCHM group significantly improved BI total score better than the acupuncture group in both hemorrhagic (p < 0.05) and ischemic (p < 0.05) stroke subjects. Conclusion: Acupuncture and TCHM integrated with conventional rehabilitation significantly improve stroke patients' functional recovery at the early subacute phase. Acupuncture + TCHM contributes to better activities of daily living (ADL) improvements in stroke patients with a baseline BI score ≤ 40. We suggest integrating acupuncture and TCHM into the post-stroke rehabilitation strategy, especially for stroke patients with poor ADL function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter proposes a unit integrating reflectarray and transmitarray functions together. The proposed units can form multifunctional metasurface (MS), which can realize both focusing (with required focus points and point numbers) and multiple pencil beams (with required direction, and beam numbers) based on x- and y-polarizations, respectively. The developed MS has the following advantages: low sidelobe, high focusing efficiency, high aperture efficiency, multibeam, dual-band and less layer number. The MSs formed by the units have multifunctional applications, such as multibeam communication splitter, and point to point or point to multipoint in near field communication and wireless and power transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a low‐profile mode reconfigurable orbital angular momentum (OAM) circular polarization (CP) array antenna is presented, which consists of 2 × 2 elements and a single feed network. Each element is a metasurface subarray composed of 4 × 4 square patchs. The vias in the subarray produces 90° phase difference between x‐ and y‐ polarizations, and CP is realized. Both the 90° phase‐shifting reconfigurable feed network and broadband 180° phase shift by the mirror images are used to generate the OAM helical phase. The OAM modes l can be dynamically switched between l = +1 and l = −1 by controlling operation states of p‐i‐n diodes in the feed network. The CP and OAM impedance bandwidths are 13.3% (from 5.8 to 6.6 GHz). The peak gains for the two modes are 9.4 dBi. The developed array antenna has the following advantages of the least pin diode number, high gain, small size, lowest divergence angle, wideband CP, low cross‐polarization and low fabrication cost. Therefore, the proposed antenna is very promising for modern high‐speed and large capacity wireless communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we present a simple single fed small broadband circularly polarized (CP) antenna. The proposed structure has the advantage of simultaneously obtaining broadband ARBW and IMBW in a small size (0.64λ × 0.62λ × 0.01λ), where λ is the free‐space wavelength at the center frequency. The measured S11 BW is 100% (2.15‐6.44 GHz), which is completely overlapped by the measured ARBW of 108.7% (2.09‐7.07 GHz), which are wider than most published papers. The antenna consists of an off‐center microstrip feed line, an inverted rectangular bracket‐shape (IRBS) parasitic strip, and a modified ground plane. The modified ground plane has three linked slots and a protruded L‐shaped stub (LSS). The IRBS parasitic strip and the feed line are on one side of the substrate, whereas the ground plane is on the other side. The IRBS and LSS are overlaid up and down. The novelties of the structure are that the design mechanics is simple and clear as follows: (a) The three linked slots make the ground asymmetrical, and the asymmetrical ground makes the broadband IMBW in a small size preliminarily formed. Though the AR is around 8 dB, the fluctuation of AR inside the operation frequency band is little. (b) The off‐center feeding line, IRBS parasitic strip, and the LSS chain together through capacitance coupling, and the current path is formed, then the AR below 3 dB in the whole frequency band is generated. The peak gain and radiation efficiency are of 5.5 dBi and 95%, respectively. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for the application of various wireless communication systems, such as WLAN, WiMAX, and RFID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a high-efficiency planar reflectarray with a small size of 3.87λ0 × 3.87λ0 is designed, which can effectively convert arbitrary polarized waves to orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves with a desired mode number and a beam direction. The two concentric rings with a small size of 0.38λ0 × 0.38λ0 compose the unit, which can cover the phase-shifting range 360° by adjusting the ring radius. Though the developed reflectarray is much smaller than that of published ones, it can produce beams with the similar performance as large antennas. The advantages are as follows: high efficiency 22.6%, which is superior to published OAM reflectarrays, high gain 15.4 dBi, narrow divergence angle 9°, high purity, good stability, polarization insensitivity, planar structure, and easy fabrication. Using this reflective metasurface, we designed the following OAM beams: first, OAM mode l = 1, 2, 3, 4 at (θ = 0°, ϕ = 0°); second, l = 1 at (θ = 45°, ϕ = 180°); and third, l = 1 at (θ = 45°, ϕ = 270°). The above advantages are proved by the following analysis: the magnitude and phase distributions in the near field, the purity analysis, and the radiation pattern in the far field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication offers a note of thanks and lists its reviewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A very compact microstrip triple-band bandstop filter (TB-BSF) based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is presented in this paper. The proposed filter is characterized by a dual-band and a single-band BSF. The dual-band BSF suppresses two frequency bands that correspond to 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz (WLAN/WiMAX applications). While, the singleband BSF suppresses the frequency band at 5.2 GHz (WLAN applications). By adjusting the CSRRs-split width, the stopbands can be targeted at the desired frequencies. With only the implementation of the CSRR on the extended microstrip line and on the ground plane we get a compact TB-BSF which is characterized by a simple structure in the fabrication. Furthermore, a good agreement between experimental and simulated results is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education & Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Asatone is an active component extracted from the Chinese herb Radix et Rhizoma Asari. Our preliminary studies have indicated that asatone has an anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 culture cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acute lung injury (ALI) has high morbidity and mortality rates due to the onset of serious lung inflammation and edema. Whether asatone prevents ALI LPS-induced requires further investigation. In vitro studies revealed that asatone at concentrations of 2.5-20g/mL drastically prevented cytotoxicity and concentration-dependently reduced NO production in the LPS-challenged macrophages. In an in vivo study, the intratracheal administration of LPS increased the lung wet/dry ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, total cell counts, white blood cell counts, NO, iNOS, COX, TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases in the lung tissues. Pretreatment with asatone could reverse all of these effects. Asatone markedly reduced the levels of TNF- and IL-6 in the lung and liver, but not in the kidney of mice. By contrast, LPS reduced anti-oxidative enzymes and inhibited NF-B activations, whereas asatone increased anti-oxidative enzymes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and NF-B activations in the lung tissues. Conclusively, asatone can prevent ALI through various anti-inflammatory modalities, including the major anti-inflammatory pathways of NF-B and mitogen-activated protein kinases. These findings suggest that asatone can be applied in the treatment of ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high frequency selectivity and controllable bandwidth, is proposed for band-notched ultrawideband (UWB) applications. In other words, it has a bandstop-filter-like response (second-order notched band) at the aimed rejected band. It consists of two rectangular printed monopole (PM) elements and a simple stepped ground stub to enhance wideband isolation. For achieving the second-order rejected band of the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) band from 5.15 to 5.85 GHz centered at 5.5 GHz, two parasitic modified split-ring resonators (PMSRRs) and two inverted L-shaped branches (ILBs), are utilized. Measured results prove a bandwidth of S11 < −10 dB and S12 < −15 dB at 2.8-12 GHz excluding a rejection band of 5-5.95 GHz. Its size is only 32 × 26 mm2 on a cost-effective FR4 substrate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1886-1891, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Electrodynamic analysis of plasma oscillations in a spherical metal nanoparticle is performed. It is shown that typical reduction in the frequency and quality factor of the resonances with increasing nanoparticle radius fades if the mode number grows. Depending on the particle radius, the resonant enhancement of the electric field might considerably either increase or decrease with increasing mode number. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1883-1886, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this article, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based hardware accelerator for 3D electromagnetic extraction, using Method of Moments (MoM) is presented. As the number of nets or ports in a system increases, leading to a corresponding increase in the number of right-hand-side (RHS) vectors, the computational cost for multiple matrix-vector products presents a time bottleneck in a linear-complexity fast solver framework. In this work, an FPGA-based hardware implementation is proposed toward a two-level parallelization scheme: (i) matrix level parallelization for single RHS and (ii) pipelining for multiple-RHS. The method is applied to accelerate electrostatic parasitic capacitance extraction of multiple nets in a Ball Grid Array (BGA) package. The acceleration is shown to be linearly scalable with FPGA resources and speed-ups over 10× against equivalent software implementation on a 2.4 GHz Intel Core i5 processor is achieved using a Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T FPGA on Xilinx's ML605 board with the implemented design operating at 200 MHz clock frequency. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:776-783, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper presents a compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for wireless portable device applications. It entirely covers the Bluetooth (2.4-2.484 GHz), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (3.4-3.69 GHz), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (5.15-5.825 GHz), and ultra-wideband (UWB) (3.1-10.6 GHz) operating bands. This antenna consists of two planar polygon printed monopole(PM) antennas, a rectangular slot and a triangular trim on the antenna element to lower down the low-cutoff frequency for improving the impedance matching, and a stepped ground stub to improve the isolation. Two rounded corners are simultaneously used on the ground for the impedance matching at medium-high frequency. The results of simulation and measurement prove that the −10 dB bandwidth of this antenna is from 2.4 to 11 GHz, and the isolation is less than −15 dB in the entire band, which can satisfy the actual requirements according to most literatures. The envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.02. The size of this antenna array is 40 × 36 mm2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:783-787, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A compact equal power divider (PD) with filtering function and improved out-of-band performance is proposed in this article. The proposed PD is based on the conventional Wilkinson PD and two filtering cells. The filtering cell is composed of four λ/4 stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs). Using the edge and quasi-lumped coupling topology, a compact PD with improving passband selectivity can be achieved. Meanwhile, by appropriately adjusting the impedance and electric length ratios of SIRs, the stopband can be extended to 39.2 GHz with a rejection level of 20 dB, which is 25 times of the fundamental frequency. The predicted results on S-parameters are compared with the measured ones and good agreement is achieved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2274-2277, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A planar triple-band antenna with size 40 × 18 × 0.8 mm3 for LTE/GSM/UMTS and WLAN/WiMAX is developed in this article. The antenna is constructed in four steps. The first step is named Ant1. In one side of the substrate, a nonfolded strip is connected with a ground plane and a rectangle patch at both end of the nonfolded strip, respectively. Ant1 is fed by a T-strip, which is in the other side of the substrate. Ant1 generates two modes at 2.8 and 1.97 GHz and is responsible for the operation band 1.25-3.65 GHz. The second step is named Ant2. On the basis of Ant1, the nonfolded strip is changed into folded strip. Two new resonant modes at 680 MHz and 5.8 GHz are introduced. Ant2 is responsible for the operation band (660-1120 MH) and (1.71-3.85 GHz). The third step is named Ant3. On the basis of Ant2, two branches (Br-1, Br-2) are introduced. Br-1 and Br-2 are in the same side of Ant1 and connected with the ground plane. Then the operation band (5.15-6.17 GHz) is added on the basis of Ant3. The fourth step is named Ant4. A slot is etched from the rectangular patch, and the impedance is greatly improved in the three operation bands. As a result, a triple-band antenna covering the LTE 700/2300/2500 (1710 −2690 MHz)/GSM 850/900/(690-960 MHz)/GSM 1800/1900/UMTS (1710-2170 MHz)/WiMAX 3.5 GHz (3400-3650 MHz)/5.4 GHz (5250-5850 MHz) is formed. The gain for the proposed antenna is 1.2-4.2 dBi, and the radiation efficiency is about 67-95%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:2277-2281, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this article, a small-size seven-band antenna covering GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 bands for wireless wide area network/long term evolution mobile handset is presented. The developed antenna only occupies a planar size of 15 × 25 mm2. The capacitive coupling feed is used to generate fundamental resonant λ/8 mode and high-order λ/4 mode to reduce the size. Electromagnetic (EM) coupling between the radiation strips is used to widen the operation band. The antenna consists of a feed strip and two radiation strips (RS1, RS2). RS2 is in the same side of the ground. RS1 is in the other side of substrate. Two λ/8 modes (at 850 and 925 MHz) and two λ/4 modes (at 1850 and 2200 MHz) are generated by the capacitive feed. Strip RS1 contributes to 850 and 1850 MHz modes, and strip RS2 contributes to 925 and 2200 MHz modes. In the mean time, there exists EM coupling between the two radiation strips (RS1, RS2), then dual-resonance mode at 845 and 925 MHz form a wide lower band covering GSM850/900, two high order resonant modes at 1850 and 2200 MHz form a wide upper band covering GSM1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500. Design mechanics is analyzed and main parameters are studied. The proposed antenna is fabricated, and the simulated and measured results agree well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1029-1033, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this article, a compact multiband monopole antenna is proposed to cover the frequency band for wireless local area network and worldwide interoperability for microwave access application. The multiband monopole antenna has the advantage of compact size of 15 × 30 mm2. The proposed antenna is an S-shaped strip connected with a notched rectangle loop radiation patch with a ground plane, and there is a slot in the ground plane. The two lower bands are achieved by the rectangle loop patch and the higher band is achieved by the slot in the ground plane. The impedance bandwidth for 10 dB return loss at 2.46, 3.8, and 5.4 GHz, are from 2.4 to 2.51 GHz, 3.20 to 4.07 GHz, and 5.08 to 5.85 GHz, respectively. Experimental results show that the antenna gives omnidirectional radiation patterns and stable antenna gains in the operating bands with the compact size. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1809-1812, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A novel design of a Vivaldi antenna for water detection is presented for developing the ground penetrating radar system. In the newly developed Vivaldi antenna periodic dumbbell slots have been etched on both edges to reduce the antenna size and produce much better properties than the conventional one. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth extends from 69 to 250 MHz with 25% size reduction with average gain around 3.5 dBi using thin substrate. For thick substrate, the bandwidth extended from 50 to 500 MHz with 40% size reduction and average gain of about 4 dBi. Both simulation and experimental results show that the Vivaldi antennas have stable directional end fire radiation patterns, which are suitable for various ultra-wideband applications. The effect of sandy soil, water layer, and the distance between sand surface and proposed antennas are also studied. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1801-1809, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this article, a frequency selective surface (FSS) cell is proposed. The band stop frequency performance is compared between the two and four layer FSS structure with the proposed cells. The four-layer structure has the same low frequency as the two-layer structure, but the four-layer structure has 3.6 GHz wider stop band in high frequency. Then, a reflector with the proposed EBG cells for ultrawideband antenna is developed. The performance for the reference antenna with and without the proposed reflector was compared, the average improvement of the front-to-back ratio of the UWB antenna with designed FSS reflector is 15 dB from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and the peak even can get to 30 dB at 5 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2541-2544, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A 5.6-GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a tunable Gm-C filter is implemented in TSMC CMOS 0.18-μm process. The proposed prototype is with a tunable loop filter bandwidth and hence, the process variations of passive elements of resistance and capacitance can be decreased and the chip area is greatly reduced. Moreover, MASH 1-1-1 sigma-delta (ΣΔ) modulator is adopted for performing the fractional division number and then, improves the phase noise as well. At 1.8-V supply voltage, measured results achieve the locked phase noise of −114.1 dBc/Hz with lower Gm-C bandwidth and −111.7 dBm/C with higher Gm-C bandwidth at 1-MHz offset from carrier of 5.68 GHz. The tuning range from 5.25 to 5.75 GHz, about 500 MHz, corresponding to 9.1% with a tunable voltage of 0-1.8 V, and including pads, the chip area of 0.715 × 0.78 (0.558) mm2. The output power is −8.69 dBm at 5.68 GHz and consumes 56 mW. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2536-2541, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has developed two techniques to reduce the parasitic parameters and improve the high-frequency performance of the planar integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter. First, each developed technique has been analyzed, respectively, then the performance of an EMI filter with both the developed techniques has been researched. The research contents are as follows. 1) Analyzing the improvement of the equivalent parallel capacitance (EPC) for a common mode (CM) EMI filter by two CM windings overlapped and interleaved layout. The EPC of the integrated EMI filter is about 14% of the reference EMI filter. 2) Analyzing the improvement of the equivalent series inductance (ESL) in the parallel branch for a CM EMI filter by each CM winding coupled with two ground winding layers. The resonance frequency brought by ESL is shifted to a higher frequency. At 30 MHz, the insertion loss is increased by 45 dB compared with the reference. In the mean time, the structure is equivalent to a two-stage L-type low-pass filter, which can largely increase the high-frequency attenuation compared with the one-stage L-type low-pass filter for the reference one. (3) Researching the performance of an EMI filter with both the proposed techniques. The developed EMI filter can not only decrease the EPC, but also reduce the negative effect of ESL. The developed EMI filter improves the high-frequency performance dramatically compared with the EMI filter with only one of the developed techniques. In the mean time, the differential mode (DM) capacitor is formed by the two overlapped and interleaved windings, and does not need an extra lumped DM capacitor. Therefore, CM inductors, CM capacitors, and DM capacitors can be integrated in the overlapped and interleaved L–C winding structure, so miniaturized EMI filter can be realized. The experiment results indicate effectiveness of the developed integrated EMI filters, and the cost and complexity is the same as the reference EMI filter. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, a novel vein power tree design technique based on constructal theory is introduced for optimal direct current performance. The designed vein tree has multifunctions of low electrical resistance, equidistribution, and compactness. In the meantime, a vein power plane based on the vein tree is developed for printed circuit board. The designed vein power plane example illustrates that the vein power plane has the properties of low voltage drop, voltage contour robustness, equidistribution, compactness, and effective noise isolation while maintaining a relatively simple design of geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propagation characteristics of power line communication (PLC) signals along a single-core power cable having two 3-mm-thick semiconducting layers are studied using the finite-difference time-domain method for solving Maxwell's equations. It turns out that a PLC signal of frequency 30 MHz suffers significant attenuation particularly when the conductivity of the semiconducting layers is around \sigma = 0.001 and 1000 S/m, while it suffers little or less attenuation when \sigma is lower than about \10^-5\ \S/m or \sigma is around 1 S/m. The mechanisms of the significant attenuation around \sigma = 0.001 and 1000 S/m are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A simple analytical model of odd and even mode external inductance and kinetic inductance for coupled high-temperature superconducting (HTS) microstrip lines is developed. The kinetic inductance model is derived with the extended incremental inductance rule which is applied in a different way for different conductor thickness. The odd and even mode inductance, self- and mutual inductance, characteristic impedance, and attenuation constant are computed with the presented model expressions and the results agree well with that in published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT An Improved empirical model for the DC I-V characteristics of a GaN High electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented in this article. The improvement consists in allowing the Curtice model parameters to vary with gate-source voltage. Model parameter extraction is made for a 100 μm gate-width GaN HEMT. A good agreement is obtained between modeled results and measured results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1027-1029, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]