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Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is commonly defined as an RNA with a length of greater than 200 nucleotides, frequently up to 100 kb. Numerous studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs may directly relate to a number of human diseases, particularly in oncology where lncRNAs appear to play an important role. LncRNAs may also play a potentially novel and critical role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This article discusses lncRNAs as a new possibility for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for HCC. The authors introduce the relationship between some lncRNAs and HCC, including carcinogenesis, development, metastasis and prognosis. In addition, the authors suggest that the discovery of lncRNAs may encourage the discovery and development of new therapeutic modalities for HCC and that their regulation may be a promising potential treatment for HCC. Clinical studies are required to determine the therapeutic effect of regulating lncRNA in humans with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Thoracic spinal stenosis is a relatively common disorder causing paraplegia in the population of China. Until nowadays, the clinical management of thoracic spinal stenosis is still demanding and challenging with lots of questions remaining to be answered. A clinical guideline for the treatment of symptomatic thoracic spinal stenosis has been created by reaching the consensus of Chinese specialists using the best available evidence as a tool to aid practitioners involved with the care of this disease. In this guideline, many fundamental questions about thoracic spinal stenosis which were controversial have been explained clearly, including the definition of thoracic spinal stenosis, the standard procedure for diagnosing symptomatic thoracic spinal stenosis, indications for surgery, and so on. According to the consensus on the definition of thoracic spinal stenosis, the soft herniation of thoracic discs has been excluded from the pathological factors causing thoracic spinal stenosis. The procedure for diagnosing thoracic spinal stenosis has been quite mature, while the principles for selecting operative procedures remain to be improved. This guideline will be updated on a timely schedule and adhering to its recommendations should not be mandatory because it does not have the force of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joint replacement is the most effective treatment for end-stage osteoarticular disease. However, macrophage-mediated aseptic loosening of joint prosthesis severely hampers the clinical effects of joint replacement. Until now, the mechanism by which macrophages regulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines after particle stimulation is not clear. It is well known that the PI3 K/ AKT pathway participates in multiple cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, and inflammation. However, whether the PI3 K/ AKT pathway participates in the proinflammatory response of macrophages after particle stimulation and secondary aseptic loosening is still unknown. In this study, ceramic and titanium particles of different sizes were prepared to stimulate macrophages. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3 K, was pretreated prior to particle stimulation. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) and all the subunits of PI3 K and AKT were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot. The result showed that LY294002 could suppress the RNA and protein expression of TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation of different particles. The subunits of PI3 K (p110β and p85β), followed by activation of phosphor- AKT ( Ser473), participated in the regulation of activating macrophages by wear particles, ultimately resulting in the secretion of TNF-α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the surgical method, operation essentials and the clinical effect of the treatment of irreducible subtrochanteric femoral fractures by percutaneous cerclage wiring and Cephalomedullary nail. Method: From February 2016 to October 2019, 17 cases of irreducible subtrochanteric femoral fractures (SFFs) treated via a minimally invasive wire system and intramedullary nail fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Ten male and seven female patients were involved. The average age was 59.88 ± 16.13 years, ranging from 41 to 94 years. Among the patients, seven were injured in traffic accidents, five fell from a standing height, and five injured themselves from falling. The cases were classified based on the Seinsheimer classification. Specifically, five cases were type IIIA, five cases were type IIIB, one case was type IV, and six cases were type V. According to the AO/OTA classification, 10 cases were 32B3, and seven cases were 32C3. During surgery, the patients were placed on a traction bed andattempted closed reduction. For those patients whose closed reduction failed confirmed by fluoroscopy, we performed a small anterolateral incision through which a self‐made minimally invasive percutaneous wire introducer (passer; patent Z: 2016 2 1002800.8) was employed for temporary fixation with a wire. A double‐stranded steel wire was introduced into a self‐made wire traction and lifting device (patent ZL 2020 2 0205658.7), the wire was pulled vertically and firmly fixed. Then an long InterTan nail was used for the fixation. The following information was recorded: (i) length of the invasive incision, (ii) blood loss on the third day after surgery, (iii) operation time; and (iv) maximum displacement and angulation of the fracture ends of the x‐rayed front and side fractures before and after surgery and the maximum displacement and formation of the three‐dimensional CT‐scanned fracture ends in the coronal plane, sagittal plane, and cross section before and after surgery. Result: A total of 15 of the 17 patients were followed for 12 to 24 months. The 15 patients recovered, but one died from pulmonary infection 1 year after surgery. In the postoperative X‐ray and three‐dimensional CT observation reduction treatment, fracture displacement was less than 5 mm, each plane angle was less than 10 degrees, and postoperative fracture healing time was 3 to 14 months, with an average of 4.19 ± 4.04 months. The postoperative Harris hip function score ranged from 66 to 95 points, with an average of 80.81 ± 9.67 points. In terms of clinical outcomes, 11 cases were excellent, four cases were satisfactory, and one case was fair. Conclusion: For refractory subtrochanteric fractures, percutaneous wiring combined with Cephalomedullary nail fixation is a minimally invasive, rapid, and effective method, which can achieve satisfactory results in clinical practice and is worth promoting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel transition metal complexes ZnL 2 ·H 2 O (I) and [CrL 2 ]NO 3 ·EtOH (II) were synthesized by C 15 H 14 N 2 O 3 (HL) with Zn(NO 3) 2 ·6H 2 O and Cr(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O. The binding modes of I and II with CT-DNA/BSA had been studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and microcalorimetry. Furthermore, antibacterial activities of two complexes were also determined. [Display omitted] Two salicylaldehyde-4-hydroxy phenylacetyl acylhydrazone transition metal complexes ZnL 2 ·H 2 O (I) and [CrL 2 ]NO 3 ·EtOH (II) were synthesized by C 15 H 14 N 2 O 3 (HL) with Zn(NO 3) 2 ·6H 2 O and Cr(NO 3) 3 ·9H 2 O. Structures of HL , I and II were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. With the ligand HL belonging to the monoclinic crystal system and the P 2 1 / c space group, the coordinating atoms (N and O atoms) in both two complexes I and II exhibited a six-coordinated octahedral geometry centered on the metal ion. Thermal stabilities of the two complexes were analyzed by TG-DTG techniques, which illustrated the maximum thermal decomposition peak temperatures of two complexes were both higher than 170 °C, exhibiting strong thermal stabilities. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and microcalorimetry were used to determine interaction patterns of I and II with CT-DNA, showing that I and II effectively bound to CT-DNA through the intercalation mode and the interactions processes of I and II with CT-DNA were spontaneous, exothermic entropy reduction reactions. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microcalorimetry were used to determine the interactions of I and II with BSA, presenting that the two complexes can effectively bind to BSA and form non-fluorescent matrix complexes and the interactions processes were spontaneous exothermic and entropy reducing, and each of interaction duration was within 48 min. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of complexes I and II against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and E. coli were determined, revealing II exhibited stronger inhibition activity against P. aeruginosa than gentamicin sulfate at 0.5 mg·L-1. Complexes I and II were expected to be used as alternative drugs of gentamicin sulfate in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is acknowledged as an immunosuppressive neoplasm, whereby the inactive microenvironment facilitates immune tolerance and evasion of HCC. Post‐surgical resected liver cancer exhibits a proclivity for relapse, rendering prevention of recurrence challenging as it may transpire at any point subsequent to surgery. Among the various anti‐recurrence interventions, the primary clinical approach involving the administration of regimens atezolizumab and bevacizumab (A+T) is deemed the most efficacious in reversing the tumor microenvironment, albeit still lacking in complete satisfaction. Therefore, the objective is to utilize a recently developed block copolymer as a protective carrier for two specific monoclonal antibody drugs. Subsequently, a modified hemostatic hydrogel will be synthesized for application during hepatic surgery. The immunotherapy impact of this approach is significantly prolonged and intensified due to the combined hemostasis properties and controlled release of the constituents within the synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel. Furthermore, these nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit remarkable efficacy in preventing postoperative wound bleeding and substantially enhancing the safety of liver cancer resection. This research on the anti‐recurrence hydrogel system presents a novel therapeutic approach for addressing local recurrence of liver cancer, potentially offering a substantial contribution to the field of surgical treatment for liver cancer in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelet distribution width (PDW), but not platelet count, was found to more comprehensively reflect platelet activity. The present study, thus, aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PDW to lymphocyte ratio (PDWLR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatectomy. Methods: Patients following hepatectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression model were used to determine the prognostic value of PDWLR. Results: 241 patients were analyzed eventually, and stratified into low and high PDWLR groups (≤ 9.66 vs. > 9.66). Results of comparing the baseline characteristics showed that high PDWLR was significantly associated with cirrhosis, and intraoperative blood loss (all P < 0.05). In multivariate COX regression analysis, PDWLR was demonstrated as an independent risk factor for OS (HR: 1.549, P = 0.041) and RFS (HR: 1.655, P = 0.005). Moreover, PDWLR demonstrated a superior capacity for predicting prognosis compared to other indicators. Conclusion: Preoperative PDWLR has a potential value in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients following hepatectomy, which may help in clinical decision-making for individual treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial, especially for tumors larger than 5 cm. We compared the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open liver resection (OLR) for large HCC. Methods: Patients with large HCC after curative hepatectomy were enrolled. To compare the short-term outcomes, propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to reduce the effect of confounding factors, respectively. Subsequently, Cox-regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent risk factors associated with decreased recurrence-free survival (RFS) and poor overall survival (OS). Result: There were 265 patients enrolled in the final analysis: 146 who underwent OLR and 119 who underwent LLR. There was no significant difference between the OLR and LLR groups according to PSM and IPTW analysis (all P > 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that LLR was not independently associated with poorer OS (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.80–1.67, P = 0.448) or RFS (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.88–1.70, P = 0.238). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in perioperative complications or long-term prognosis between LLR and OLR for large HCC, which provides evidence for standard laparoscopic surgical practice with adequate surgeon experience and careful patient selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eastern Staging System, which was specially developed for patients undergoing surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has been proposed for more than ten years. To prospectively validate the predictive accuracy of the Eastern staging on long-term survival after HCC resection. Patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC from 2011 to 2020 at 10 Chinese hospitals were identified from a prospectively collected database. The survival predictive accuracy was evaluated and compared between the Eastern Staging with six other staging systems, including the JIS, BCLC, Okuda, CLIP, 8th AJCC TNM, and HKLC staging. Among 2365 patients, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 84.2%, 64.5%, and 52.6%, respectively. Among these seven staging systems, the Eastern staging was associated with the best monotonicity of gradients (linear trend χ2: 408.5) and homogeneity (likelihood ratio χ2: 447.3), and the highest discriminatory ability (the areas under curves for 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality: 0.776, 0.787, and 0.768, respectively). In addition, the Eastern staging was the most informative staging system in predicting survival (Akaike information criterion: 2982.33). Using a large multicenter prospectively collected database, the Eastern Staging was found to show the best predictive accuracy on long-term overall survival in patients with resectable HCC than the other 6 commonly-used staging systems. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The identification of patients at high risk of developing postoperative complications is important to improve surgical safety. We sought to develop an individualized tool to predict post-hepatectomy major complications in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: A multicenter database of patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC were analyzed; 2/3 and 1/3 of patients were assigned to the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Independent risks of postoperative 30-day major complications (Clavien-Dindo grades III-V) were identified and used to construct a web-based prediction model, which predictive accuracy was assessed using C-index and calibration curves, which was further validated by the validation cohort and compared with conventional scores.Results: Among 2762 patients, 391 (14.2%) developed major complications after hepatectomy. Diabetes mellitus, concurrent hepatitis C virus infection, HCC beyond the Milan criteria, cirrhosis, preoperative HBV-DNA level, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), and aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were identified as independent predictors of developing major complications, which were used to construct the online calculator ( http://www.asapcalculate.top/Cal11_en.html ). This model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination, with the C-indexes of 0.752 and 0.743 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, which were significantly higher than those conventional scores (the training and validation cohorts: 0.565 ~ 0.650 and 0.568 ~ 0.614, all P < 0.001).Conclusions: A web-based prediction model was developed to predict the probability of post-hepatectomy major complications in an individual HBV-infected patient with HCC. It can be used easily in the real-world clinical setting to help management-related decision-making and early warning, especially in areas with endemic HBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanozyme has been experiencing rapid development in biomedical applications involving biosensors, immunoassays, and antitumor agents in recent years due to its tunable catalytic performance and desirable biocompatibility. Since the first exploration of nanozyme‐based Fenton reaction for nanocatalytic therapy (NCT) against tumor, a variety of Fenton (and Fenton‐like) nanozymes, such as Fe3O4, transition metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have been proved as desirable candidates for tumor therapy, and the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is determined to be a feasible approach to improve the catalytic efficiency for in situ tumor suppression. At present, increasing studies have focused on improving the therapeutic efficiency of NCT by formulating multifunctional nanozyme‐based systems to satisfy the demand for versatile and optimized applications. Herein, updated insights into the novel strategies of 1) achieving highly effective nanocatalytic reactions, including the modification of nanocatalysts and TME‐modulating approaches, are provided and 2) the design and formulation of multifunctional nanozyme‐based systems which achieve targeted, synergistic therapy, and theranostic applications are analyzed and concluded. Concise and concentrated comments and outlooks are illuminated at the end to outline the perspectives and the remaining challenges for the next‐step explorations on further biomedical translation of NCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study investigated the compressive performance of 24 laminated bamboo specimens made from three different growth portions of the source bamboo. The cross-section of each specimen was 100mm×100mm. The load–strain and load–displacement relationships are obtained from compression tests, and the detailed failure modes, compressive strength and elastic modulus for all specimens are reported. The results show that the mean compressive strength increases with growth portion height, but that the variation in compressive strength also increases with growth portion height. The net result is that the characteristic strength (typically used in the design process) decreases slightly with growth portion height, but not significantly. In contrast, laminated bamboo manufactured from the middle growth portion exhibits the highest elastic modulus, with the variation again increasing with height. Although the source growth portion has a clear effect on the behaviour of laminated bamboo under compression, the paper concludes that the effect is not significant from a design perspective. The results of all the tests are combined to produce a model stress–strain relationship suitable for predicting the performance of laminated bamboo under compression for design purposes. The stress–strain relationship shows that under compression laminated bamboo fails in a ductile manner. Based on the compressive properties obtained in this research, laminated bamboo is a suitable construction material for engineering structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aseptic joint loosening is a key factor that reduces the life span of arthroplasty. There are currently few effective treatments for joint loosening except surgical revision. We explored the inhibitory effects of p110β-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) and lentivirus on particle-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in the murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. siRNA- and lentivirus-targeting p110β were transfected and infected prior to particle stimulation, respectively. Ceramic and titanium particles of different sizes were prepared to stimulate macrophages. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the efficiency of siRNA transfection and lentivirus infection were 74.2 ± 4.2 and 92.3 ± 2.6 %, respectively. TNF-alpha mRNA in the particle stimulation plus RNA interference (RNAi) groups were significantly lower compared with the particle stimulation-only groups ( P < 0.05). Similarly, protein levels of TNF-alpha in RNAi-treated groups were significantly decreased after transfection or infection ( P < 0.05). It showed that Phosphor-AKT (Ser473) activation was significantly reduced by RNAi through western blot. As assessed by CT, micro-CT and histological analysis, particle implantation induced a significant osteolysis in mice calvaria, which was limited by p110β lentivirus addition. These results suggested that p110β subtype of PI3K, followed by activation of Ser473, may possibly participate in the regulation of macrophages activity by wear particles, ultimately resulting in the TNF-α secretion and osteolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Although adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may improve survival for some patients, identifying which patients can benefit remains challenging. The present study aimed to construct a survival prediction calculator for individualized estimating the net survival benefit of adjuvant TACE for patients with resected HCC. Methods: From a multicenter database, consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for HCC were enrolled and divided into the developing and validation cohorts. Using the independent survival predictors in the developing cohort, two nomogram models were constructed for patients with and without adjuvant TACE, respectively, which predictive performance was validated internally and externally by measuring concordance index (C-index) and calibration. The difference between two estimates of the prediction models was the expected survival benefit of adjuvant TACE. Results: A total of 2514 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. The nomogram prediction models for patients with and without adjuvant TACE were, respectively, built by incorporating the same eight independent survival predictors, including portal hypertension, Child–Pugh score, alpha-fetoprotein level, tumor size and number, macrovascular and microvascular invasion, and resection margin. These two prediction models demonstrated good calibration and discrimination, with all the C-indexes of greater than 0.75 in the developing and validation cohorts. A browser-based calculator was generated for individualized estimating the net survival benefit of adjuvant TACE. Conclusions: Based on large-scale real-world data, an easy-to-use online calculator can be adopted as a decision aid to predict which patients with resected HCC can benefit from adjuvant TACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC). There is still no consensus on the value of lymphadenectomy despite evidence indicating lymph node (LN) status is an important prognostic indicator for postoperative long-term survival. We sought to perform a meta-analysis to summarize the current evidence on the value of lymphadenectomy among patients undergoing surgery for PHC. The PubMed (OvidSP), Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published before July 2020 that reported on lymphadenectomy at the time of surgery for PHC after curative surgery. 7748 patients from 28 studies were included in the meta-analysis. No survival benefit was identified with increased number of LN resected (all P > 0.05). Meanwhile, overall LN status was an important prognostic factor. Patients with lymph node metastasis had a pooled estimate hazard ratio of death that was over two-fold higher than patients without lymph node metastasis (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.65–2.59, P < 0.001). The examination of 5 LNs on histology was associated with better staging of lymph node status and stratification of patients into positive or negative LN groups. While the extent of LN dissection was not associated with a survival benefit, examination of more than 5 LNs better staged patients into positive or negative LN groups with a lower risk of nodal understaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study explores and analyzes the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of hepatoblastoma (HB) in children under 6 years old and establishes a new risk-stratification system for individualized therapy.Methods: The clinical data of 382 pediatric patients under 6 years old (231 males and 151 females) who had been diagnosed with HB by pathology between May 2005 and May 2019 were collected. By analyzing the risk factors influencing the survival rate of patients with HB, a new risk-stratification system was established, and it was compared with previous risk-stratification systems by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: (1) According to a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the one-year, three-year, and five-year overall survival (OS) was 93.7, 84.0, and 73.9%, respectively, and the event-free survival (EFS) was 90.5, 79.2, and 67.5%, respectively. (2) The independent risk factors influencing prognosis in pediatric patients with HB were alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) < 100 ng/ml or > 1000 ng/ml (HR = 3.341, P = 0.005); platelet count > 400 × 109/L (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 2.123, P = 0.026); PRETEXT stage IV (HR = 4.026, P = 0.001); vascular involvement (HR = 2.178, P = 0.019); distant metastasis (HR = 2.634, P = 0.010);and multifocality (HR = 2.215, P = 0.012). (3) A new risk-stratification system was established and divided into three groups: low risk, moderate risk, and high risk. There were statistical differences among the three groups (P = 0.002). Compared with the previous risk-staging systems, there was no significant difference in the survival rate. Although the effect in the guiding therapy was the same, the area under the curve for the ROC curve was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.784-0.885) for the new stratification system.Conclusion: This new risk-stratification system had a better predictive value for the prognosis of pediatric patients with HB than other stratification systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to El‐Khateeb et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16489 This letter is linked to Nicole E. Rich et al's article. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15917. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trimetazidine (TMZ) has traditionally been used as an anti-ischemic drug for coronary artery disease by selectively inhibiting the mitochondrial long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. Recently, new applications for this therapy have been investigated. This article reviews alternative uses for TMZ in non-coronary artery diseases, such as non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, sepsis, myocardial dysfunction induced by anti-cancer drugs, diabetic cardiomyopathy and contrast-induced nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LINKED CONTENT: This article is linked to Higuchi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16745 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16792 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Neutrophil membrane could reduce the adsorption of neutrophils for inhibiting the polarization toward immunosuppressive M2 macrophage phenotype. • PA and Rm could generate O 2 to enhance SDT and reprogram immunosuppressive TME. • CZ@HP offered 100% survival rate for mice with colorectal cancer along with Inflammation targeting. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common intestinal tumors, of which occurrence and development are closely related to immune escape activity in vivo. Then, how to comprehensively block immune escape remains a big challenge for immunotherapy. Thus, a biomimetic nanoprobe Ce6@ZIF-8/hybrid membrane/PA (CZ@HP) is designed by coating Ce6 loaded ZIF-8 with a hybrid membrane composed of neutrophil membrane (Nm) & red blood cell membrane (Rm), accompanied by palmitoyl ascorbate (PA) to achieve reprogramming of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhancement of sonodynamics therapy (SDT) in hypoxic tumor. Cell and animal experiments indicate that, the CZ@HP probe can specifically target tumor at the inflammatory site, and it can effectively reduce the adsorption of neutrophils, then inhibit the polarization toward immunosuppressive M2 macrophage phenotype. Immunofluorescence staining and ELISA experiments demonstrate that PA and Rm can generate O 2 and significantly improve the hypoxic environment, it enhances the polarization of anti-tumor M1 macrophages and regulate related cytokines, meanwhile improves the therapeutic effect of SDT. The survival rate of mice is elevated to 100% within 60 d. Overall, this O 2 self-generated biomimetic hybrid membrane nanoprobe can block immune escape from various aspects and obtain enhanced SDT effect, then increase the treatment efficiency of inflammatory tumor, significantly improve the prognosis and elevate the survival rate of mice, providing a new idea for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of colitis-associated tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative complications are vital factors affecting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially for complex hepatectomy. The present study aimed to compare perioperative complications between laparoscopic and robotic complex hepatectomy (LCH vs. RCH)., Methods: Patients with solitary HCC after complex hepatectomy were collected from a multicenter database. Propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was adopted to control confounding bias. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine the prognostic factors., Results: 436 patients were included. After PSM, 43 patients were included in both the LCH and RCH groups. The results showed that compared to LCH, RCH had lower rates of blood loss and transfusion, and lower postoperative 30-day and major morbidity, and post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) (all P < 0.05). Additionally, the length of hospital stay was shorter in the RCH group (P = 0.026). Multivariable analysis showed RCH is an independent protective factor for reducing the 30-day morbidity, major morbidity and PHLF., Conclusion: RCH has advantages over LCH in the minimally invasive treatment of complex HCC, as it can reduce the incidence of postoperative morbidity. Therefore, RCH should be considered for patients with HCC who require complex hepatectomy., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None to declare., (Copyright © 2024 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The Naples Prognostic Score (NPS), integrating inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers, has been reported to be associated with the prognosis of various malignancies, but there is no report on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of NPS in patients with ICC., Methods: Patients with ICC after hepatectomy were collected, and divided into three groups. The prognosis factors were determined by Cox regression analysis. Predictive efficacy was evaluated by the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves., Results: A total of 174 patients were included (Group 1: 33 (19.0%) patients; Group 2: 83 (47.7%) patients; and Group 3: 58 (33.3%) patients). The baseline characteristics showed the higher the NPS, the higher the proportion of patients with cirrhosis and Child-Pugh B, and more advanced tumors. The Kaplan-Meier curves reflect higher NPS were associated with poor survival. Multivariable analysis showed NPS was an independent risk factor of overall survival (NPS group 2 vs. 1: HR = 1.671, 95% CI: 1.022-3.027, p = 0.009; NPS group 3 vs. 1: HR = 2.208, 95% CI: 1.259-4.780, p = 0.007) and recurrence-free survival (NPS group 2 vs. 1: HR = 1.506, 95% CI: 1.184-3.498, p = 0.010; NPS group 3 vs. 1: HR = 2.141, 95% CI: 2.519-4.087, P = 0.001). The time ROC indicated NPS was superior to other models in predicting prognosis., Conclusions: NPS is a simple and effective tool for predicting the long-term survival of patients with ICC after hepatectomy. Patients with high NPS require close follow-up, and improving NPS may prolong the survival time., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score, widely used in predicting long-term prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has limitations due to serum albumin variability. This study aimed to develop and validate the Prealbumin-Bilirubin (preALBI) score as a reliable alternative., Methods: A multicenter cohort of HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy was randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts. The preALBI score was developed using Cox regression models within the training cohort, incorporating serum prealbumin and bilirubin levels as crucial determinants. The survival predictive accuracy was evaluated and compared between the preALBI score with two other staging systems, including the ALBI score and the Child-Pugh grade., Results: A total of 2409 patients were enrolled. In the training cohort, the preALBI score demonstrated superior performance in predicting long-term survival after hepatectomy. The preALBI score was associated with the best monotonicity of gradients (linear trend χ 2 : 72.84) and homogeneity (likelihood ratio χ 2 : 74.69), and the highest discriminatory ability (the areas under curves for 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality: 0.663, 0.654, and 0.644, respectively). In addition, the preALBI was the most informative staging system in predicting survival (Akaike information criterion: 11325.65).The results remained consistent in both training and validation cohorts, indicating its reliable performance across different populations., Conclusion: The preALBI score, leveraging the stability of prealbumin, represents a promising tool for better patient stratification, providing more accurate prognostic predictions than the ALBI score and the Child-Pugh grade., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We confirm that this work is original and has not previously been published. None of the authors have any financial disclosures or conflict of interest. Approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the participating hospitals. All the authors have been involved in the design, performance, and interpretation of data of this study, and in drafting the article and its critical revision., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background & Aims: Complications after laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) are important factors affecting the prognosis of patients, especially for complex hepatobiliary diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the value of a three-dimensional (3D) printed dry-laboratory model in the precise planning of LLR for complex hepatobiliary diseases., Methods: Patients with complex hepatobiliary diseases who underwent LLR were preoperatively enrolled, and divided into two groups according to whether using a 3D-printed dry-laboratory model (3D vs. control group). Clinical variables were assessed and complications were graded by the Clavien-Dindo classification. The Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) scores were calculated and compared for each patient. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of postoperative complications., Results: Sixty-two patients with complex hepatobiliary diseases underwent the precise planning of LLR. Among them, thirty-one patients acquired the guidance of a 3D-printed dry-laboratory model, and others were only guided by traditional enhanced CT or MRI. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characters. However, compared to the control group, the 3D group had a lower incidence of intraoperative blood loss, as well as postoperative 30-day and major complications, especially bile leakage (all P < 0.05). The median score on the CCI was 20.9 (range 8.7-51.8) in the control group and 8.7 (range 8.7-43.4) in the 3D group (mean difference, -12.2, P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis showed the 3D model was an independent protective factor in decreasing postoperative complications. Subgroup analysis also showed that a 3D model could decrease postoperative complications, especially for bile leakage in patients with intrahepatic cholelithiasis., Conclusion: The 3D-printed models can help reduce postoperative complications. The 3D-printed models should be recommended for patients with complex hepatobiliary diseases undergoing precise planning LLR., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background and Aims: The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing hepatectomy is unsatisfactory, especially for those with microvascular invasion (MVI). This study aimed to determine the impact of adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and Lenvatinib on the prognosis of patients with HCC and MVI after hepatectomy., Methods: Patients diagnosed with HCC and MVI were reviewed, and stratified into four groups according to adjuvant TACE and/or Lenvatinib. Multivariate Cox regression analyses are used to determine independent risk factors., Results: 346 patients were included, and divided into four groups (Group I, TACE+ Lenvatinib; Group II, Lenvatinib; Group III, TACE; Group IV, without adjuvant therapy). Multivariable analysis showed that compared to Group IV, Group I had the best effect on improving the overall survival (OS, HR 0.321, 95%CI 0.099-0.406, P = 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS, HR 0.319, 95%CI 0.129-0.372, P = 0.001). Additionally, compared with Group II or Group III, Group I also can significantly improve the OS and RFS. There is no significant difference between Group II and Group III in OS and RFS., Conclusion: The combination of TACE and Lenvatinib should be considered for anti-recurrence therapy for patients with HCC and MVI after hepatectomy., (Copyright © 2024 Asian Surgical Association and Taiwan Society of Coloproctology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Management guidelines and corresponding survival data for patients with recurrent retinoblastoma (RB) are lacking. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent RB and analyze their survival outcomes., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 68 patients with recurrent RB who underwent treatment in our institution from January 2016 to December 2020. Patients were grouped according to location of recurrence: intraocular, orbital, and distant metastasis., Results: The male:female ratio was 1.3:1 and the median age at recurrence was 37.5 months (range, 30.3-62.8). The number of patients in the intraocular recurrence, orbital recurrence, and metastasis groups was 13 (19.1%), 23 (33.8%), and 32 (47.1%), respectively. Thirty patients died, 36 were alive at last follow-up, and two were lost to follow-up. Eye enucleation was performed in 94.1% of patients. Five-year overall survival in patients with intraocular recurrence, orbital recurrence, and metastasis was 84.6%, 69.6%, and 31.3%, respectively (P = 0.001). Most deaths occurred within 2 years of recurrence. Presence of high-risk pathological factors, central nervous system invasion, and absence of combination therapy were independent predictors of worse 5-year overall survival., Conclusion: The rate of eye preservation in survivors of recurrent RB was very low. Although 5-year overall survival in patients who underwent treatment for intraocular and orbital recurrence was high, it was low in those with metastasis. RB patients may need lifelong follow-up for recurrence and secondary malignancy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Evidence regarding the characteristics and prognosis of neuroblastoma (NBL) in China is limited. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of intermediate- or high-risk NBL in children in China., Methods: We included 147 patients with intermediate- or high-risk NBL evaluated from January 2006 to March 2015. The patients were aged 1 month to 15.5 years, 66% of them were boys, and 117 (79.6%) were diagnosed with high-risk NBL., Results: After a median follow-up of 32.5 months, 80 (45.6%) patients survived, with a median survival time of 48 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.41-59.59). High-risk patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 12.467; 95% CI: 11.029-12.951), partial response (PR) (HR: 1.200; 95% CI: 1.475-2.509) or progression disease (PD) (HR: 1.924; 95% CI: 1.623-3.012) after induction chemotherapy, and intracranial metastasis (HR: 3.057; 95% CI: 0.941-4.892) were independent risk factors for survival (p < 0.05) and postrelapse survival (p < 0.05). NBL relapse, male sex, and PR or PD after induction chemotherapy were risk factors for event-free survival (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: In addition to previously established independent risk factors, such as age, risk group, and relapse, efficacy of induction chemotherapy and intracranial metastasis play significant roles in the prognosis of NBL., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with retinoblastoma (RB) in a single center in China with a large sample collection spanning 17 years., Methods: The clinical data of 2790 children with RB treated in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2005 to 2021 were collected, and a retrospective analysis was conducted., Results: The median age of the participants was 28.3 months. There were 3624 affected eyes, 12.4% of which were in groups A-C, 67.1% in groups D-E and 16.2% were not specified. The primary symptom observed in most cases was a white pupil, accounting for 66.5%, followed by strabismus (12.8%). The median follow-up time was 59.7 months. The enucleation rate was 71.3% (703/986) in a single left eye and 72.5% (702/968) in a single right eye. The overall survival (OS) rate was 95.8% (2444/2552) because 237 patients dropped out, and 109 died. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis showed that the median survival time (MST) was 125.92 months [95% confidence interval (CI) = 124.83-127.01]. Cox multivariate survival analysis showed that trilateral RB (P = 0.017), metastasis site (P = 0.001), and combined distant tissue metastasis (P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for RB. The OS of 44 cases of familial RB was 93.2% (41/44), with an MST of 80.62 months (95% CI = 67.70-93.54)., Conclusions: The timing of eye protection treatment and enucleation should be comprehensively judged to avoid worsening prognosis due to operation time delay. More importantly, the promotion and popularization of diagnosis and treatment technologies are necessary to further improve RB prognosis., (© 2023. Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.)

Background: Nutritional and inflammatory status has been reported to be associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but many studies did not include all biomarkers simultaneously. The present study aimed to determine the impact of Naples prognostic score (NPS) on the long-term survival in patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC., Methods: Patients with HCC after curative resection were eligible. Then, all patients were stratified into three groups according to the NPS. Clinical features and survival outcomes were compared among the three groups. Independent prognostic factors were determined by COX analysis. The time dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare prognostic performance with other immunonutrition scoring systems., Results: A total of 476 patients were enrolled eventually. Baseline characteristics showed that patients with higher NPS had a higher proportion of poor liver function and advanced tumor features. Accordingly, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with higher NPS had a lower rate of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Multivariable COX analysis demonstrated that NPS was an independent risk factor of OS (NPS group 2 vs 1: HR=1.958, 95% CI: 1.038-3.369, p = 0.038; NPS group 3 vs 1: HR=2.608, 95% CI: 1.358-5.008, p=0.004, respectively) and RFS (NPS group 2 vs 1: HR=2.014, 95% CI: 1.299-2-3.124, p=0.002; NPS group 3 vs 1: HR=2.002, 95% CI: 1.262-3.175, p=0.003, respectively). The time-dependent ROC curve showed that NPS was superior to other models in prognostic performance and discriminatory power for long-term survival (median AUC 0.675, 95% CI: 0.586-0.712, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The NPS is a simple tool strongly associated with long-term survival in patients undergoing curative hepatectomy for HCC., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2023 Xie et al.)

Background: Non-cancer-specific death (NCSD) is an important factor that needs to be considered in patients with malignancy, as it can affect their long-term prognosis. In particular, the effect of age on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy requires clarification. This study aims to examine the impact of age on patients with HCC after hepatectomy and to identify independent risk factors of survival., Methods: Patients with HCC that fell within the Milan Criteria and had undergone curative hepatectomy were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: young patients (age <70) and elderly patients (age ≥70). Perioperative complications, cancer-specific death (CSD), recurrence, and NCSD were all recorded and analyzed. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors of survival using Fine and Gray's competing-risk regression model., Results: Among 1,354 analytic patients, 1,068 (78.7%) were stratified into the young group and 286 (21.3%) into the elderly group. The elderly group had a higher 5-year cumulative incidence of NCSD (12.6% vs. 3.7% for the young group, P < 0.001), but lower 5-year cumulative incidences of recurrence (20.3% vs. 21.1% for the young group, P = 0.041) and CSD (14.3% vs. 15.5% for the young group, P = 0.066). Multivariate competing-risk regression analyses revealed that age was independently associated with NCSD (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 3.003, 95%CI: 2.082-4.330, P < 0.001), but not with recurrence (SHR 0.837, 95%CI: 0.659-1.060, P = 0.120) or CSD (SHR 0.736, 95%CI: 0.537-1.020, P = 0.158)., Conclusion: For patients with early-stage HCC after hepatectomy, older age was independently associated with NCSD, but not recurrence and CSD., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Several isostructural lanthanide metal-organic frameworks, viz. [Ln(DCHB) 1.5 phen] n ( Ln-MOFs , where Ln = Eu for 1 , Tb for 2 , Sm for 3 and Dy for 4 ), are successfully synthesized through the hydrothermal reactions of 4'-di(4-carboxylphenoxy)hydroxyl-2, 2'-bipyridyl (H 2 DCHB) and lanthanide nitrates as well as chelator 1,10-phenantroline (phen). These structures are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the representative Ln-MOF 1 is a fivefold interpenetrated framework with the uncoordinated Lewis base N sites form DCHB 2- ligands. The photoluminescence research studies reveal that Ln-MOFs 1 - 4 exhibit characteristic fluorescent emissions from ligand-induced lanthanide Ln(III) ions, while the single-component emission spectra of Ln-MOF 4 are all located in a white region under different excitations. The absence of coordinated water and the interpenetration property of the structures are conducive to the structure rigidity, and the results display that Ln-MOF 1 has high thermal/chemical stabilities in common solvents and a wide pH range as well as the boiling water. Notably, luminescent sensing studies reveal that Ln-MOF 1 with prominent fluorescence properties can perform in highly sensitive and selective sensing of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in aqueous systems ( K SV = 562.8 L·mol -1 ; LOD = 4.6 × 10 -4 M), which can potentially establish a detection platform for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma via multiquenching mechanisms. Moreover, the 1 @MMMs sensing membranes comprised of Ln-MOF 1 and a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer can also be facilely developed for VMA detection in aqueous media, suggesting the enhanced convenience and efficiency of practical sensing applications.

Background & Aims: Although anatomical hepatectomy (AH) is widely used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. The present study aimed to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with HCC after AH., Methods: A total of 832 patients were stratified into with adjuvant TACE (443, 53.2%) and without adjuvant TACE group (389, 46.8%) AH. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to control for confounding factors, and multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the independent risk factors., Results: After PSM, the results showed that the adjuvant TACE group had better overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Among the patients with tumor recurrence, adjuvant TACE was associated with a high rate of early-stage tumor at recurrence, a lower recurrence rate around the frontal margin and extrahepatic metastases, and a higher rate of receiving curative treatment. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that adjuvant TACE was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 0.673, P = 0.001) and RFS (HR 0.650, P = 0.001)., Conclusions: Patients with HCC after AH can benefit from postoperative adjuvant TACE. Therefore, adjuvant TACE should be considered for patients with a high risk of recurrence.