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151. Update to Our Reader, Reviewer, and Author CommunitiesApril 2020

Author

Burrows, Cynthia J, Wang, Shu, Kim, Hyun Jae, Meyer, Gerald J, Schanze, Kirk, Lee, T Randall, Lutkenhaus, Jodie L, Kaplan, David, Jones, Christopher, Bertozzi, Carolyn, Kiessling, Laura, Mulcahy, Mary Beth, Lindsley, Craig W, Finn, MG, Blum, Joel D, Kamat, Prashant, Aldrich, Courtney C, Rowan, Stuart, Liu, Bin, Liotta, Dennis, Weiss, Paul S, Zhang, Deqing, Ganesh, Krishna N, Sexton, Patrick, Atwater, Harry A, Gooding, J Justin, Allen, David T, Voigt, Christopher A, Sweedler, Jonathan, Schepartz, Alanna, Rotello, Vincent, Lecommandoux, Sébastien, Sturla, Shana J, Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon, Buriak, Jillian, Steed, Jonathan W, Wu, Hongwei, Zimmerman, Julie, Brooks, Bryan, Savage, Phillip, Tolman, William, Hofmann, Thomas F, Brennecke, Joan F, Holme, Thomas A, Merz, Kenneth M, Scuseria, Gustavo, Jorgensen, William, Georg, Gunda I, Wang, Shaomeng, Proteau, Philip, Yates, John R, Stang, Peter, Walker, Gilbert C, Hillmyer, Marc, Taylor, Lynne S, Odom, Teri W, Carreira, Erick, Rossen, Kai, Chirik, Paul, Miller, Scott J, McCoy, Anne, Shea, Joan-Emma, Zanni, Martin, Murphy, Catherine, Scholes, Gregory, and Loo, Joseph A

Subjects
Chemical Sciences
Published
2020

152. Update to Our Reader, Reviewer, and Author Communities-April 2020.

Author

Burrows, Cynthia J, Wang, Shu, Kim, Hyun Jae, Meyer, Gerald J, Schanze, Kirk, Lee, T Randall, Lutkenhaus, Jodie L, Kaplan, David, Jones, Christopher, Bertozzi, Carolyn, Kiessling, Laura, Mulcahy, Mary Beth, Lindsley, Craig W, Finn, MG, Blum, Joel D, Kamat, Prashant, Aldrich, Courtney C, Rowan, Stuart, Bin Liu, Liotta, Dennis, Weiss, Paul S, Zhang, Deqing, Ganesh, Krishna N, Sexton, Patrick, Atwater, Harry A, Gooding, J Justin, Allen, David T, Voigt, Christopher A, Sweedler, Jonathan, Schepartz, Alanna, Rotello, Vincent, Lecommandoux, Sébastien, Sturla, Shana J, Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon, Buriak, Jillian, Steed, Jonathan W, Wu, Hongwei, Zimmerman, Julie, Brooks, Bryan, Savage, Phillip, Tolman, William, Hofmann, Thomas F, Brennecke, Joan F, Holme, Thomas A, Merz, Kenneth M, Scuseria, Gustavo, Jorgensen, William, Georg, Gunda I, Wang, Shaomeng, Proteau, Philip, Yates, John R, Stang, Peter, Walker, Gilbert C, Hillmyer, Marc, Taylor, Lynne S, Odom, Teri W, Carreira, Erick, Rossen, Kai, Chirik, Paul, Miller, Scott J, McCoy, Anne, Shea, Joan-Emma, Zanni, Martin, Murphy, Catherine, Scholes, Gregory, and Loo, Joseph A

Subjects
Chemical Sciences, General Chemistry
Published
2020

153. The Impact of Steroid Activation of TRPM3 on Spontaneous Activity in the Developing Retina.

Author

Webster, Corey M, Tworig, Joshua, Caval-Holme, Franklin, Morgans, Catherine W, and Feller, Marla B

Subjects
Müller glia, retinal ganglion cell, retinal wave, two-photon calcium imaging, Muller glia, Neurosciences
Abstract

In the central nervous system, melastatin transient receptor potential (TRPM) channels function as receptors for the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PregS). The expression and function of TRPM3 has been explored in adult retina, although its role during development is unknown. We found, during the second postnatal week in mice, TRPM3 immunofluorescence labeled distinct subsets of inner retinal neurons, including a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), similar to what has been reported in the adult. Labeling for a TRPM3 promoter-driven reporter confirmed expression of the TRPM3 gene in RGCs and revealed additional expression in nearly all Müller glial cells. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we show that PregS and the synthetic TRPM3 agonist CIM0216 (CIM) induced prolonged calcium transients in RGCs, which were mostly absent in TRPM3 knock-out (KO) mice. These prolonged calcium transients were not associated with strong membrane depolarizations but induced c-Fos expression. To elucidate the impact of PregS-activation of TRPM3 on retinal circuits we took two sets of physiological measurements. First, PregS induced a robust increase in the frequency but not amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic currents (PSCs). This increase was absent in the TRPM3 KO mice. Second, PregS induced a small increase in cell participation and duration of retinal waves, but this modulation persisted in TRPM3 KO mice, indicating PregS was acting on wave generating circuits independent of TRPM3 channels. Though baseline frequency of retinal waves was slightly reduced in the TRPM3 KO mice, other properties of waves were indistinguishable from wildtype. Together, these results indicate that the presence of neurosteroids impact spontaneous synaptic activity and retinal waves during development via both TRPM3-dependent and independent mechanisms.

Published
2020

154. Steroid activation of TRPM3 channels modulates spontaneous synaptic activity but not retinal waves in the developing retina

Author

Webster, Corey M, Tworig, Joshua, Caval-Holme, Franklin, Morgans, Catherine W, and Feller, Marla B

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical Physiology, Neurosciences, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Animals, Calcium, Mice, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Synaptic Potentials, TRPM Cation Channels, Muller glia, retinal ganglion cell, retinal wave, two-photon calcium imaging, Müller glia
Abstract

In the central nervous system, melastatin transient receptor potential (TRPM) channels function as receptors for the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PregS). The expression and function of TRPM3 has been explored in adult retina, although its role during development is unknown. We found, during the second postnatal week in mice, TRPM3 immunofluorescence labeled distinct subsets of inner retinal neurons, including a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), similar to what has been reported in the adult. Labeling for a TRPM3 promoter-driven reporter confirmed expression of the TRPM3 gene in RGCs and revealed additional expression in nearly all Müller glial cells. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we show that PregS and the synthetic TRPM3 agonist CIM0216 (CIM) induced prolonged calcium transients in RGCs, which were mostly absent in TRPM3 knock-out (KO) mice. These prolonged calcium transients were not associated with strong membrane depolarizations but induced c-Fos expression. To elucidate the impact of PregS-activation of TRPM3 on retinal circuits we took two sets of physiological measurements. First, PregS induced a robust increase in the frequency but not amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic currents (PSCs). This increase was absent in the TRPM3 KO mice. Second, PregS induced a small increase in cell participation and duration of retinal waves, but this modulation persisted in TRPM3 KO mice, indicating PregS was acting on wave generating circuits independent of TRPM3 channels. Though baseline frequency of retinal waves was slightly reduced in the TRPM3 KO mice, other properties of waves were indistinguishable from wildtype. Together, these results indicate that the presence of neurosteroids impact spontaneous synaptic activity and retinal waves during development via both TRPM3-dependent and independent mechanisms.

Published
2020

155. Cardiac and Respiratory Self-Gating in Radial MRI using an Adapted Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA-FARY)

Author

Rosenzweig, Sebastian, Scholand, Nick, Holme, H. Christian M., and Uecker, Martin

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is time-consuming and error-prone. To ease the patient's burden and to increase the efficiency and robustness of cardiac exams, interest in methods based on continuous steady-state acquisition and self-gating has been growing in recent years. Self-gating methods extract the cardiac and respiratory signals from the measurement data and then retrospectively sort the data into cardiac and respiratory phases. Repeated breathholds and synchronization with the heart beat using some external device as required in conventional MRI are then not necessary. In this work, we introduce a novel self-gating method for radially acquired data based on a dimensionality reduction technique for time-series analysis (SSA-FARY). Building on Singular Spectrum Analysis, a zero-padded, time-delayed embedding of the auto-calibration data is analyzed using Principle Component Analysis. We demonstrate the basic functionality of SSA-FARY using numerical simulations and apply it to in-vivo cardiac radial single-slice bSSFP and Simultaneous Multi-Slice radiofrequency-spoiled gradient-echo measurements, as well as to Stack-of-Stars bSSFP measurements. SSA-FARY reliably detects the cardiac and respiratory motion and separates it from noise. We utilize the generated signals for high-dimensional image reconstruction using parallel imaging and compressed sensing with in-plane wavelet and (spatio-)temporal total-variation regularization., Comment: 6 figures, 2 tables and Supplementary Document. Parts of this work was presented at SCMR 2019, Bellevue, and ISMRM 2019, Montreal

Published
2018
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156. Networks of climate change: connecting causes and consequences

Author

Petter Holme and Juan C. Rocha

Subjects
Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, T57-57.97
Abstract

Abstract Understanding the causes and consequences of, and devising countermeasures to, global warming is a profoundly complex problem. Network representations are sometimes the only way forward, and sometimes able to reduce the complexity of the original problem. Networks are both necessary and natural elements of climate science. Furthermore, networks form a mathematical foundation for a multitude of computational and analytical techniques. We are only beginning to see the benefits of this connection between the sciences of climate change and network science. In this review, we cover the wide spectrum of network applications in the climate-change literature—what they represent, how they are analyzed, and what insights they bring. We also discuss network data, tools, and problems yet to be explored.

Published
2023
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157. Gap Junction Coupling Shapes the Encoding of Light in the Developing Retina

Author

Caval-Holme, Franklin, Zhang, Yizhen, and Feller, Marla B

Subjects
Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Sleep Research, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Eye, Animals, Female, Gap Junctions, Male, Mice, Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, PCA, development, dopamine, electrical synapses, melanopsin, tracer coupling, type-1 dopamine receptor, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Detection of ambient illumination in the developing retina prior to maturation of conventional photoreceptors is mediated by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and is critical for driving several physiological processes, including light aversion, pupillary light reflexes, and photoentrainment of circadian rhythms. The strategies by which ipRGCs encode variations in ambient light intensity at these early ages are not known. Using unsupervised clustering of two-photon calcium responses followed by inspection of anatomical features, we found that the population activity of the neonatal retina could be modeled as six functional groups that were composed of mixtures of ipRGC subtypes and non-ipRGC cell types. By combining imaging, whole-cell recording, pharmacology, and anatomical techniques, we found that functional mixing of cell types is mediated in part by gap junction coupling. Together, these data show that both cell-autonomous intrinsic light responses and gap junction coupling among ipRGCs contribute to the proper encoding of light intensity in the developing retina.

Published
2019

158. Trading contact tracing efficiency for finding patient zero

Author

Marcin Waniek, Petter Holme, Katayoun Farrahi, Rémi Emonet, Manuel Cebrian, and Talal Rahwan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract As the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, identifying the origin of a pandemic remains a challenging task. The search for patient zero may benefit from the widely-used and well-established toolkit of contact tracing methods, although this possibility has not been explored to date. We fill this gap by investigating the prospect of performing the source detection task as part of the contact tracing process, i.e., the possibility of tuning the parameters of the process in order to pinpoint the origin of the infection. To this end, we perform simulations on temporal networks using a recent diffusion model that recreates the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that increasing the budget for contact tracing beyond a certain threshold can significantly improve the identification of infected individuals but has diminishing returns in terms of source detection. Moreover, disease variants of higher infectivity make it easier to find the source but harder to identify infected individuals. Finally, we unravel a seemingly-intrinsic trade-off between the use of contact tracing to either identify infected nodes or detect the source of infection. This trade-off suggests that focusing on the identification of patient zero may come at the expense of identifying infected individuals.

Published
2022
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159. Doravirine-associated resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy naïve and experienced adults with HIV-1 subtype C infection in Botswana

Author

Ontlametse T. Bareng, Sekgabo Seselamarumo, Kaelo K. Seatla, Wonderful T. Choga, Blessing Bakae, Dorcas Maruapula, Nametso Kelentse, Natasha O. Moraka, Baitshepi Mokaleng, Patrick T. Mokgethi, Tsotlhe R. Ditlhako, Molly Pretorius-Holme, Mpaphi B. Mbulawa, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Ebi Celestin Bile, Tendani Gaolathe, Roger Shapiro, Joseph M. Makhema, Shahin Lockman, Max Essex, Vlad Novitsky, Sununguko W. Mpoloka, Sikhulile Moyo, and Simani Gaseitsiwe

Subjects
HIV-1C, Drug resistance mutations, Antiretroviral (ART) experienced, Antiretroviral (ART) naive, Doravirine, Botswana, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Objectives: There are limited data on the prevalence of doravirine (DOR)-associated drug resistance mutations in people with HIV (PWH) in Botswana. This cross-sectional, retrospective study aimed to explore the prevalence of DOR-associated resistance mutations among ART-naïve and -experienced PWH in Botswana enrolled in the population-based Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP). Methods: A total of 6078 HIV-1C pol sequences were analysed for DOR-associated resistance mutations using the Stanford HIV drug resistance database, and their levels were predicted according to the Stanford DRM penalty scores and resistance interpretation. Virologic failure was defined as HIV-1 RNA load (VL) >400 copies/mL. Results: Among 6078 PWH, 5999 (99%) had known ART status, and 4529/5999 (79%) were on ART at time of sampling. The suppression rate among ART-experienced was 4517/4729 (96%). The overall prevalence of any DOR-associated resistance mutations was 181/1473 (12.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 10.7–14.1]); by ART status: 42/212 (19.8% [95% CI: 14.7–25.4]) among ART-failing individuals (VL ≥400 copies/mL) and 139/1261 (11.0% [95% CI: 9.3–12.9]) among ART-naïve individuals (P < 0.01). Intermediate DOR-associated resistance mutations were observed in 106/1261 (7.8% [95% CI: 6.9–10.1]) in ART-naïve individuals and 29/212 (13.7% [95% CI: 9.4–8.5]) among ART-experienced participants (P < 0.01). High-level DOR-associated resistance mutations were observed in 33/1261 (2.6% [95% CI: 1.8–3.7]) among ART-naïve and 13/212 (6.1% [95% CI: 3.6–10.8]) among ART-failing PWH (P < 0.01). PWH failing ART with at least one EFV/NVP-associated resistance mutation had high prevalence 13/67 (19.4%) of high-level DOR-associated resistance mutations. Conclusion: DOR-associated mutations were rare (11.0%) among ART-naive PWH but present in 62.7% of Botswana individuals who failed NNRTI-based ART with at least one EFV/NVP-associated resistance mutation. Testing for HIV drug resistance should underpin the use of DOR in PWH who have taken first-generation NNRTIs.

Published
2022
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171. Attitudes towards and experiences with sourdough and baker’s yeast bread amongst participants in a randomised controlled trial: a qualitative study

Author

Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Marit Hallquist, Solveig Ivara Watters, Mia Gjøvik, Marius Pihl Frederiksen, Stephanie Jonassen, Ina Ravnanger, Christine Henriksen, Mari C.W. Myhrstad, and Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen

Subjects
sourdough bread, yeast bread, gastrointestinal symptoms, fibre, taste, qualitative study, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Background: Bread is an important source of dietary fibre. However, an increasing number of individuals exclude bread from their habitual diet for various reasons. In recent years, sourdough bread has increased in popularity, and clinical studies have indicated that sourdough bread may decrease gastrointestinal symptoms. Objective: To investigate attitudes towards and experiences with sourdough and baker’s yeast bread amongst participants in a randomised controlled trial (RCT), the health effects and consumer aspects of bread (HELFAB) study. Design: We conducted individual interviews with 10 participants who stated to be sceptical about bread and who participated in an RCT to investigate the health effects of sourdough bread versus baker’s yeast bread. The participants were interviewed on two occasions (before and after the RCT). Interviews were conducted digitally between September and December 2020 and were thematically analysed. Results: Half of the interviewed participants experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, such as pain in the stomach, when they consumed bread prior to the RCT. They often preferred sourdough bread to baker’s yeast bread both before and after the study, since they found that sourdough bread was easier to digest. Participants who were sceptical about bread prior to the study became more positive about bread because of their experiences with the intervention breads. This finding was mainly related to the taste and consistency of sourdough bread. The participants often associated bread with healthiness, mainly due to the dietary fibre content in bread. Conclusions: Sourdough bread with increased dietary fibre may be an important source of dietary fibre for those who perceive gastrointestinal problems from baker’s yeast bread. Participants in this qualitative study stated to change their attitudes towards bread, mainly due to perceived healthiness of the intervention bread.

Published
2022
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172. Is Interprofessional Learning Only Meant for Professions Within Healthcare? - A Qualitative Analysis of Associations with the Term Interprofessional Collaborative Learning Among Professional Students

Author

Garnweidner-Holme L and Almendingen K

Subjects
interprofessional learning, nurses, teacher education, healthcare education, social care, terminology, multiprofessional, collaborative learning, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Kari Almendingen Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, NorwayCorrespondence: Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, 0130, Norway, Tel +47 67 23 65 21, Email lgarnwei@oslomet.noPurpose: The main goal of interprofessional learning (IPL) is to help students from different professions develop a common understanding of how to work together in future interprofessional collaboration (IPC). When IPL courses are extended beyond healthcare study programmes to include students from education and social care study programmes, the complexity increases. Since lack of communication and collaboration among professionals is a major challenge in welfare services, there is a need to explore professional students’ associations with IPL. Thus, this study aims to explore what students in healthcare, teaching education and social care study programmes associate with the term “interprofessional collaborative learning”.Participants and Methods: The study used student data from an ongoing IPL study at one of the largest state universities in Norway. Students from healthcare, social care and educational teaching bachelor programmes answered the following open-ended question in an online cross-sectional evaluation survey: “What do you associate with the term interprofessional collaborative learning?” We analysed data qualitatively from first- (n = 261) and second-year students (n = 97) collected during December 2019 and 2020. Most second-year students took an IPL course during their first year of study.Results: Overall, the students across all professions expressed positive associations with IPL. The most eminent category was that students associated IPL with collaboration, followed by learning and learning how to collaborate. First-year students were also associated with gaining and sharing knowledge and competencies with IPL. Understanding roles was eminent among second-year students in teaching education.Conclusion: This study supports the importance of IPL across different educational backgrounds since students seemed to have positive associations with the term and a common understanding that IPL involves several professions. The finding that teacher students highlighted the understanding of roles when working with children, young adults and their families, further supports expanding IPL beyond specialised professions within healthcare.Keywords: interprofessional learning, nurses, teacher education, healthcare education, social care, terminology, multiprofessional, collaborative learning

Published
2022

174. An investigation into teacher-initiated or DIY Professional Development : the push and pull of teacher Professional Development

Author

Holme, Richard, Lakin, Elizabeth, and Schofield, Susie

Subjects
370, CPD, Professional development, Education, Teacher education, Professional learning, CLPL, Grassroots, DIY, Scottish Education, Bricolage, Delphi study
Abstract

Within education formalised teacher professional development (PD) has long been an area of research interest. In contrast informal, teacher-initiated PD has been researched far less. This thesis addresses this issue by investigating the proposed concept of DIY teacher professional development. This study employs a bricolage methodology involving pragmatic decision making to select any method or tool at the disposal of the researcher. The theoretical perspective, used as a lens for analysis, was influenced by critical pedagogists. Data collection was via a Delphi study (administered via electronic means) in which the initial round utilised a qualitative open-ended questionnaire, analysed thematically to produce statements. The second round involved a quantitative questionnaire to establish expert consensus on these statements. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics; alongside this a personal reflexive journal was compiled to track the researcher's own developmental journey. The consensus from the expert panellists was that teacher-initiated PD (the term preferred to DIY PD by participants) could be used as a separate classification of professional development. Key activities included: professional conversations and learning communities, which could expand to include networks. Key factors relating specifically to teachers included: relevancy to the participant; motivation, trust, agency and ownership, with collaboration as a facilitating factor. A further notable delivery factor included location of the PD delivery. Finally, given the complexity of this subject, the study also identifies emergent themes including: teacher identity, implicit learning, accountability and transparency, alternate discourse, and power, hierarchy and control. The thesis makes a contribution to the education community on three levels. Methodologically it shows how a Delphi study may be used within the educational context, as currently this is an under-utilised approach within education. Secondly the study informs the wider education community, including: teachers, administrators, policy makers, and teacher educators, on what PD may involve and might develop over coming years. The final contribution is a critique of the way the author has developed professionally which will inform their ongoing professional, and personal, development as an educator and researcher.

Published
2019

175. NEPC Review: 'Renewing Our Cities' (EdChoice, March 2017) 'CPR Scholarships' (American Enterprise Institute, March 2017)

Author

University of Colorado at Boulder, National Education Policy Center, Holme, Jennifer Jellison, and Germain, Emily

Abstract

Two recent reports contend that the introduction of school choice can promote economic development in economically distressed urban areas. The first report, published by EdChoice, presents a case study of a charter school that has, according to the report, contributed to the economic development of the city of Santa Ana, California. The second report, published by the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), presents a proposal for a hypothetical voucher-like program that, if implemented, would purportedly spur economic development in high-poverty neighborhoods by luring higher income families into those neighborhoods. This review explains that both reports overlook significant bodies of relevant research literature and make unsupported claims that rely on flawed logic and data. The EdChoice report fails to collect and analyze data related to the report's causal assertion that economic development in Santa Ana resulted from the establishment of the charter school. The American Enterprise Institute report's claims about the benefits of the proposed program to publicly fund private schooling are unsupported by existing research. We conclude that these reports offer little useful guidance for policy or practice. [For "Renewing Our Cities: A Case Study on School Choice's Role in Urban Renewal" (EdChoice), see ED583114. For "CPR Scholarships: Using Private School Choice to Attack Concentrated Poverty, Crime, and Unemployment" (AEI), see ED583107.]

Published
2017

176. Real-world data in patients with congenital hemophilia and inhibitors: final data from the FEIBA Global Outcome (FEIBA GO) study

Author

Carmen Escuriola Ettingshausen, Cedric Hermans, Pål A. Holme, Ana R. Cid, Kate Khair, Johannes Oldenburg, Claude Négrier, Jaco Botha, Aurelia Lelli, and Jerzy Windyga

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Background: The bypassing agent, activated prothrombin complex concentrate [aPCC, FEIBA (factor VIII inhibitor bypass activity); Baxalta US Inc, a Takeda company, Lexington, MA, USA], is indicated for the treatment of bleeding episodes, perioperative management, and routine prophylaxis in patients with hemophilia A or B with inhibitors. In certain countries, aPCC is also indicated for the treatment of bleeding episodes and perioperative management in patients with acquired hemophilia A. Objectives: To describe long-term, real-world effectiveness, safety, and quality-of-life outcomes for patients with congenital hemophilia A or B and high-responding inhibitors receiving aPCC treatment in routine clinical practice. Design: FEIBA Global Outcome (FEIBA GO; EUPAS6691) was a prospective, observational study. Methods: Investigators determined the treatment regimen and clinical monitoring frequency. The planned patient observation period was 4 years. Data are from the safety analysis set (patients who received ⩾1 aPCC infusion). Results: Overall, 50 patients received either aPCC prophylaxis ( n = 37) or on-demand therapy ( n = 13) at screening [hemophilia A, n = 49; hemophilia B, n = 1; median (range) age, 16.5 [2–71] years). Mean ± standard deviation overall annualized bleeding rate and annualized joint bleeding rate for patients receiving prophylaxis were 6.82 ± 11.52 and 3.77 ± 5.71, respectively, and for patients receiving on-demand therapy were 10.94 ± 11.27 and 6.94 ± 7.39, respectively. Overall, 177 and 31 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 28 of 40 and 10 of 13 patients receiving prophylaxis or on-demand therapy, respectively. Two serious AEs were considered possibly related to aPCC: acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery embolism in one patient receiving prophylaxis. No thrombotic microangiopathy was reported. No AEs resulted in death. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the long-term, real-world effectiveness and consistent safety profile of aPCC as on-demand therapy and prophylactic treatment in patients with hemophilia and high-responding inhibitors. Trial registry: FEIBA Global Outcome Study; EUPAS6691 https://www.encepp.eu/encepp/viewResource.htm?id=32774

Published
2023
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177. Book Reviews

Author

Keenan, Oliver, primary, Cresswell, Rachel, additional, Brierley, Michael, additional, Reader, John, additional, Borthwick, Kirsty, additional, Rowlands, Jonathan, additional, Russ, Mark, additional, Jagessar, Michael, additional, Thatcher, Adrian, additional, Holme, Jacob, additional, Hampton, Corey, additional, Turner, Victoria, additional, Webster, Alison, additional, Gray-King, Elizabeth, additional, Ball, Peter, additional, Bradley, Ian, additional, Davis, Richard, additional, Aldous, Benjamin, additional, Graham, Elaine, additional, Andréo-Boosey, Benjamin, additional, Asproulis, Nikolaos, additional, Phan, Peter, additional, Woodward, James, additional, Hamley, Isabelle, additional, and Rees, Helen, additional

Published
2024
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180. The spindle approximation of network epidemiological modeling

Author

Jianhong Mou, Bitao Dai, Suoyi Tan, Petter Holme, Sune Lehmann, Fredrik Liljeros, and Xin Lu

Subjects
network diffusion, propagation approximation, spindle vector, pairwise approximation, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of spreading and diffusion on networks is of critical importance for a variety of processes in real life. However, predicting the temporal evolution of diffusion on networks remains challenging as the process is shaped by network topology, spreading non-linearities, and heterogeneous adaptation behavior. In this study, we propose the ‘spindle vector’, a new network topological feature, which shapes nodes according to the distance from the root node. The spindle vector captures the relative order of nodes in diffusion propagation, thus allowing us to approximate the spatiotemporal evolution of diffusion dynamics on networks. The approximation simplifies the detailed connections of node pairs by only focusing on the nodal count within individual layers and the interlayer connections, seeking a compromise between efficiency and complexity. Through experiments on various networks, we show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art on BA networks with an average improvement of 38.6% on the mean absolute error. Additionally, the predictive accuracy of our method exhibits a notable convergence with the pairwise approximation approach with the increasing presence of quadrangles and pentagons in WS networks. The new metric provides a general and computationally efficient approach to predict network diffusion problems and is of potential for a large range of network applications.

Published
2024
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181. Experiences with Gluten-Free Bread: A Qualitative Study Amongst People with Coeliac Disease Participating in a Randomised Controlled Trial

Author

Lisa Garnweidner-Holme, Monica Hellmann, Christine Henriksen, Elisabeth Austad, Solveig Ivara Watters, Line Gaundal, Knut E. A. Lundin, Mari C. W. Myhrstad, and Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen

Subjects
coeliac disease, bread, randomised controlled trial, fibre-rich, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Background: Whole-grain bread can be an important source of fibre for people with coeliac disease (CeD) who must adhere to a gluten-free diet and avoid consuming wheat, rye and barley. Gluten-free bread frequently has a lower nutritional quality and different texture relative to gluten-containing counterparts. Objective: The aim was to investigate experiences with gluten-free bread amongst people with CeD prior to and during a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Design: We conducted individual interviews with 10 people with CeD participating in a RCT that aimed to investigate the effects of fibre-rich gluten-free products on metabolic regulation in people with CeD compared with benchmark gluten-free products. Five participants were in the control group (benchmark gluten-free bread) and five participants in the intervention group (fibre-rich gluten-free bread). The fibre-rich gluten free bread was formulated and prepared by the project group. The benchmark gluten-free bread was commercially available. The RCT lasted for four weeks. Interviews were conducted digitally between October 2021 and January 2022 and were thematically analysed. Results: Participants in both groups appeared to avoid bread prior to the study, primarily due to the poor taste and chewy consistency of the available bread in food stores and bakeries. Participants preferred the fibre-rich intervention bread as opposed to the available bread in the food market. However, participants had to become accustomed to eating the fibre-rich whole-grain bread during the study, since they avoided eating store-bought bread that they experienced chewy and not filling. Conclusions: Participants asked for fibre-rich gluten-free bread products that are satiating and have a good texture. Palatable gluten-free bread products might be an important source of fibre for people with CeD.

Published
2023
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182. Periodicity in Movement Patterns Shapes Epidemic Risk in Urban Environments

Author

Du, Zhanwei, Fox, Spencer J, Holme, Petter, Liu, Jiming, Galvani, Alison P., and Meyers, Lauren Ancel

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Daily variation in human mobility modulates the speed and severity of emerging outbreaks, yet most epidemiological studies assume static contact patterns. With a highly mobile population exceeding 24 million people, Shanghai, China is a transportation hub at high risk for the importation and subsequent global propagation of infectious diseases. Here, we use a dynamic metapopulation model informed by hourly transit data for Shanghai to estimate epidemic risks across thousands of outbreak scenarios. We find that the rate of initial epidemic growth varies by more than twenty-fold, depending on the hour and neighborhood of disease introduction. The riskiest introductions are those occurring close to the city center and on Fridays--which bridge weekday and weekend transit patterns and thereby connect otherwise disconnected portions of the population. The identification of these spatio-temporal hotspots can inform more efficient targets for sentinel surveillance and strategies for mitigating transmission.

Published
2018

183. Impact of perception models on friendship paradox and opinion formation

Author

Lee, Eun, Lee, Sungmin, Eom, Young-Ho, Holme, Petter, and Jo, Hang-Hyun

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

Topological heterogeneities of social networks have a strong impact on the individuals embedded in those networks. One of the interesting phenomena driven by such heterogeneities is the friendship paradox (FP), stating that the mean degree of one's neighbors is larger than the degree of oneself. Alternatively, one can use the median degree of neighbors as well as the fraction of neighbors having a higher degree than oneself. Each of these reflects on how people perceive their neighborhoods, i.e., their perception models, hence how they feel peer pressure. In our paper, we study the impact of perception models on the FP by comparing three versions of the perception model in networks generated with a given degree distribution and a tunable degree-degree correlation or assortativity. The increasing assortativity is expected to decrease network-level peer pressure, while we find a nontrivial behavior only for the mean-based perception model. By simulating opinion formation, in which the opinion adoption probability of an individual is given as a function of individual peer pressure, we find that it takes the longest time to reach consensus when individuals adopt the median-based perception model, compared to other versions. Our findings suggest that one needs to consider the proper perception model for better modeling human behaviors and social dynamics., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

Published
2018
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184. Simple Auto-Calibrated Gradient Delay Estimation From Few Spokes Using Radial Intersections (RING)

Author

Rosenzweig, Sebastian, Holme, H. Christian M., and Uecker, Martin

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Purpose: To develop a simple and robust tool for the estimation of gradient delays from highly undersampled radial k-space data. Theory: In radial imaging gradient delays induce parallel and orthogonal trajectory shifts, which can be described using an ellipse model. The intersection points of the radial spokes, which can be estimated by spoke-by-spoke comparison of k-space samples, distinctly determine the parameters of the ellipse. Using the proposed method (RING), these parameters can be obtained using a least-squares fit and utilized for the correction of gradient delays. Methods: The functionality and accuracy of the proposed RING method is validated and compared to correlation-based gradient-delay estimation from opposing spokes using numerical simulations, phantom and in vivo heart measurements. Results: In all experiments, RING robustly provides accurate gradient delay estimations even for as few as three radial spokes. Conclusion: The simple and straightforward to implement RING method provides accurate gradient delay estimation for highly undersampled radial imaging. Keywords: trajectory correction, radial imaging, gradient delay, artifacts, system imperfections, RING, Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Magnetic Resonance in Medicine as a Note

Published
2018
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185. Urban contact structures for epidemic simulations: Correcting biases in data-driven approaches

Author

Du, Zhanwei, Gao, Chao, Bai, Yuan, Yang, Yongjian, and Holme, Petter

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Epidemics are emergent phenomena depending on the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens and the interaction and movement of people. Public transit systems have provided much important information about the movement of people, but there are also other means of transportation (e.g., bicycle and private car), that are invisible to public transit data. This discrepancy can induce a bias in disease models that leads to mispredictions of epidemic growth (e.g., peak prevalence and time). In our study, we aim to advance and compare the epidemic spreading dynamics using public transit trips, in contrast to more accurate estimates of population movement using mobile phones traces. In our study, we simulate epidemic outbreaks in a cohort of two million mobile phone users. We use a metapopulation model incorporating susceptible-infected-recovered dynamics to analyze and compare different effective contract matrices, constructed by the public transit systems and mobile phones respectively, on the process of epidemics. We find that epidemic outbreaks using public transit trips tend to be underestimated in terms of the epidemic spreading dynamics, reaching epidemic peaks weaker and later. This is rooted in a later introduction of new infectious people into uninfected locations.

Published
2018

186. Navigating temporal networks

Author

Lee, Sang Hoon and Holme, Petter

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Navigation on graphs is the problem how an agent walking on the graph can get from a source to a target with limited information about the graph. The information and the way to exploit it can vary. In this paper, we study navigation on temporal networks -- networks where we have explicit information about the time of the interaction, not only who interacts with whom. We contrast a type of greedy navigation -- where agents follow paths that would have worked well in the past -- with two strategies that do not exploit the additional information. We test these on empirical temporal network data sets. The greedy navigation is indeed more efficient than the reference strategies, meaning that there are correlations in the real temporal networks that can be exploited. We find that the navigability for individual nodes is most strongly correlated with degree and burstiness, i.e., both topological and temporal structures affect the navigation efficiency.

Published
2018
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187. Objective measures for sentinel surveillance in network epidemiology

Author

Holme, Petter

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Assume one has the capability of determining whether a node in a network is infectious or not by probing them. Then problem of optimizing sentinel surveillance in networks is to identify the nodes to probe such that an emerging disease outbreak can be discovered early or reliably. Whether the emphasis should be on early or reliable detection depends on the scenario in question. We investigate three objective measures from the literature quantifying the performance of nodes in sentinel surveillance -- the time to detection or extinction, the time to detection, and the frequency of detection. As a basis for the comparison, we use the susceptible-infectious-recovered model on static and temporal networks of human contacts. We show that, for some regions of parameter space, the three objective measures can rank the nodes very differently. This means sentinel surveillance is a class of problems, and solutions need to chose an objective measure for the particular scenario in question. As opposed to other problems in network epidemiology, we draw similar conclusions from the static and temporal networks. Furthermore, we do not find one type of network structure that predicts the objective measures -- that depends both on the data set and the SIR parameter values.

Published
2018
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188. Frequency-modulated SSFP with radial sampling and subspace reconstruction: A time-efficient alternative to phase-cycled bSSFP

Author

Roeloffs, Volkert, Rosenzweig, Sebastian, Holme, H. Christian M., Uecker, Martin, and Frahm, Jens

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Purpose: A novel subspace-based reconstruction method for frequency-modulated balanced steady-state free precession (fmSSFP) MRI is presented. In this work, suitable data acquisition schemes, subspace sizes, and efficiencies for banding removal are investigated. Theory and Methods: By combining a fmSSFP MRI sequence with a 3D stack-of-stars trajectory, scan efficiency is maximized as spectral information is obtained without intermediate preparation phases. A memory-efficient reconstruction routine is implemented by introducing the low-frequency Fourier transform as a subspace which allows for the formulation of a convex reconstruction problem. The removal of banding artifacts is investigated by comparing the proposed acquisition and reconstruction technique to phase-cycled bSSFP MRI. Aliasing properties of different undersampling schemes are analyzed and water/fat separation is demonstrated by reweighting the reconstructed subspace coefficients to generate virtual spectral responses in a post-processing step. Results: A simple root-of-sum-of-squares combination of the reconstructed subspace coefficients yields high-SNR images with the characteristic bSSFP contrast but without banding artifacts. Compared to Golden-Angle trajectories, turn-based sampling schemes were superior in minimizing aliasing across reconstructed subspace coefficients. Water/fat separated images of the human knee were obtained by reweighting subspace coefficients. Conclusion: The novel subspace-based fmSSFP MRI technique emerges as a time-efficient alternative to phase-cycled bSSFP. The method does not need intermediate preparation phases, offers high SNR and avoids banding artifacts. Reweighting of the reconstructed subspace coefficients allows for generating virtual spectral responses with applications to water/fat separation.

Published
2018
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189. Detecting sequences of system states in temporal networks

Author

Masuda, Naoki and Holme, Petter

Subjects
Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Many time-evolving systems in nature, society and technology leave traces of the interactions within them. These interactions form temporal networks that reflect the states of the systems. In this work, we pursue a coarse-grained description of these systems by proposing a method to assign discrete states to the systems and inferring the sequence of such states from the data. Such states could, for example, correspond to a mental state (as inferred from neuroimaging data) or the operational state of an organization (as inferred by interpersonal communication). Our method combines a graph distance measure and hierarchical clustering. Using several empirical data sets of social temporal networks, we show that our method is capable of inferring the system's states such as distinct activities in a school and a weekday state as opposed to a weekend state. We expect the methods to be equally useful in other settings such as temporally varying protein interactions, ecological interspecific interactions, functional connectivity in the brain and adaptive social networks., Comment: 7 figures and 1 table

Published
2018
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190. Epidemic extinction in networks: Insights from the 12,110 smallest graphs

Author

Holme, Petter and Tupikina, Liubov

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

We investigate the expected time to extinction in the susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) model of disease spreading. Rather than using stochastic simulations, or asymptotic calculations in network models, we solve the extinction time exactly for all connected graphs with three to eight vertices. This approach enables us to discover descriptive relations that would be impossible with stochastic simulations. It also helps us discovering graphs and configurations of S and I with anomalous behaviors with respect to disease spreading. We find that for large transmission rates the extinction time is independent of the configurations, just dependent on the graph. In this limit, the number of vertices and edges determine the extinction time very accurately (deviations primarily coming from the fluctuations in degrees). We find that the rankings of configurations with respect to extinction times at low and high transmission rates are correlated at low prevalences and negatively correlated for high prevalences. The most important structural factor determining this ranking is the degrees of the infectious vertices., Comment: v2 has some minor bug fixes

Published
2018
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191. Molecular diffusion of stable water isotopes in polar firn as a proxy for past temperatures

Author

Holme, Christian T., Gkinis, Vasileios, and Vinther, Bo M.

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Polar precipitation archived in ice caps contains information on past temperature conditions. Such information can be retrieved by measuring the water isotopic signals of $\delta{}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and $\delta\mathrm{D}$ in ice cores. These signals have been attenuated during densification due to molecular diffusion in the firn column, where the magnitude of the diffusion is isotopologoue specific and temperature dependent. By utilizing the differential diffusion signal, dual isotope measurements of $\delta{}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and $\delta\mathrm{D}$ enable multiple temperature reconstruction techniques. This study assesses how well six different methods can be used to reconstruct past surface temperatures from the diffusion-based temperature proxies. Two of the methods are based on the single diffusion lengths of $\delta{}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and $\delta\mathrm{D}$, three of the methods employ the differential diffusion signal, while the last uses the ratio between the single diffusion lengths. All techniques are tested on synthetic data in order to evaluate their accuracy and precision. We perform a benchmark test to thirteen high resolution Holocene data sets from Greenland and Antarctica, which represent a broad range of mean annual surface temperatures and accumulation rates. Based on the benchmark test, we comment on the accuracy and precision of the methods. Both the benchmark test and the synthetic data test demonstrate that the most precise reconstructions are obtained when using the single isotope diffusion lengths, with precisions of approximately $1.0\,^\mathrm{o}\mathrm{C}$. In the benchmark test, the single isotope diffusion lengths are also found to reconstruct consistent temperatures with a root-mean-square-deviation of $0.7\,^\mathrm{o}\mathrm{C}$.

Published
2018
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192. Leaving child and adolescent mental health services in the MILESTONE cohort: a longitudinal cohort study on young people's mental health indicators, care pathways, and outcomes in Europe

Author

Appleton, Rebecca, Davidović, Nikolina, Ferrari, Sabrina, Fiori, Federico, Gatherer, Charlotte, Hendrickx, Gaëlle, Holme, Ingrid, Jardri, Renaud, Kolozsvari, Alfred, Lievesley, Kate, Mastroianni, Mathilde, Maurice, Virginie, Morini, Giorgia, Parenti, Aesa, Russet, Frédérick, Saam, Melanie, Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas, Sartor, Anne, Signorini, Giulia, Singh, Jatinder, Tah, Priya, Tuffrey, Amanda, van Amelsvoort, Therese AMJ, Varvara, Pamela, Vicari, Stefano, Walker, Leanne, Wilson, Anna, Jerkovic, Helena, Gerritsen, Suzanne E, van Bodegom, Larissa S, Overbeek, Mathilde M, Maras, Athanasios, Verhulst, Frank C, Wolke, Dieter, Rizopoulos, Dimitris, de Girolamo, Giovanni, Franić, Tomislav, Madan, Jason, McNicholas, Fiona, Paul, Moli, Purper-Ouakil, Diane, Santosh, Paramala J, Schulze, Ulrike M E, Singh, Swaran P, Street, Cathy, Tremmery, Sabine, Tuomainen, Helena, and Dieleman, Gwendolyn C

Published
2022
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193. Doravirine-associated resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy naïve and experienced adults with HIV-1 subtype C infection in Botswana

Author

Bareng, Ontlametse T., Seselamarumo, Sekgabo, Seatla, Kaelo K., Choga, Wonderful T., Bakae, Blessing, Maruapula, Dorcas, Kelentse, Nametso, Moraka, Natasha O., Mokaleng, Baitshepi, Mokgethi, Patrick T., Ditlhako, Tsotlhe R., Pretorius-Holme, Molly, Mbulawa, Mpaphi B., Lebelonyane, Refeletswe, Bile, Ebi Celestin, Gaolathe, Tendani, Shapiro, Roger, Makhema, Joseph M., Lockman, Shahin, Essex, Max, Novitsky, Vlad, Mpoloka, Sununguko W., Moyo, Sikhulile, and Gaseitsiwe, Simani

Published
2022
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194. Evaluation of Augmented Reality Application Usage and Measuring Students' Attitudes toward Instrumentation

Author

An, Jiwoo and Holme, Thomas A.

Abstract

Incorporation of previously reported AR technology (ARiEL) for a general chemistry laboratory was attempted for the second time, a replication effort designed to provide students with an option to read about the nature of instruments used in an experiment. Students' app usage was tracked to understand the type and amount of information accessed, and the original Attitudes toward the Subject of Chemistry(ASCI) was modified and validated using confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) to measure students' attitudes toward instrumentation. The results of these assessments indicated that students preferred information directly related to the target experiment, and the amount of time spent accessing information deemed less essential to the task at hand was not substantial. Nevertheless, the modified ASCI measurements suggested positive changes in both cognitive and affective domains of students' attitudes, overall. These results were in agreement with the initial study of ARiEL, implying that an additional system such as ARiEL could be helpful for general chemistry students in making instrumentation more approachable.

Published
2021
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195. The commonness of rarity: Global and future distribution of rarity across land plants.

Author

Enquist, Brian J, Feng, Xiao, Boyle, Brad, Maitner, Brian, Newman, Erica A, Jørgensen, Peter Møller, Roehrdanz, Patrick R, Thiers, Barbara M, Burger, Joseph R, Corlett, Richard T, Couvreur, Thomas LP, Dauby, Gilles, Donoghue, John C, Foden, Wendy, Lovett, Jon C, Marquet, Pablo A, Merow, Cory, Midgley, Guy, Morueta-Holme, Naia, Neves, Danilo M, Oliveira-Filho, Ary T, Kraft, Nathan JB, Park, Daniel S, Peet, Robert K, Pillet, Michiel, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sandel, Brody, Schildhauer, Mark, Šímová, Irena, Violle, Cyrille, Wieringa, Jan J, Wiser, Susan K, Hannah, Lee, Svenning, Jens-Christian, and McGill, Brian J

Abstract

A key feature of life's diversity is that some species are common but many more are rare. Nonetheless, at global scales, we do not know what fraction of biodiversity consists of rare species. Here, we present the largest compilation of global plant diversity to quantify the fraction of Earth's plant biodiversity that are rare. A large fraction, ~36.5% of Earth's ~435,000 plant species, are exceedingly rare. Sampling biases and prominent models, such as neutral theory and the k-niche model, cannot account for the observed prevalence of rarity. Our results indicate that (i) climatically more stable regions have harbored rare species and hence a large fraction of Earth's plant species via reduced extinction risk but that (ii) climate change and human land use are now disproportionately impacting rare species. Estimates of global species abundance distributions have important implications for risk assessments and conservation planning in this era of rapid global change.

Published
2019

198. Epidemiological and viral characteristics of undiagnosed HIV infections in Botswana

Author

Lynnette Bhebhe, Sikhulile Moyo, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Molly Pretorius-Holme, Etienne K. Yankinda, Kutlo Manyake, Coulson Kgathi, Mompati Mmalane, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Tendani Gaolathe, Pamela Bachanas, Faith Ussery, Mpho Letebele, Joseph Makhema, Kathleen E. Wirth, Shahin Lockman, Max Essex, Vlad Novitsky, and Manon Ragonnet-Cronin

Subjects
HIV, Undiagnosed infection, Phylogenetics, Recent HIV infection, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background HIV-1 is endemic in Botswana. The country’s primary challenge is identifying people living with HIV who are unaware of their status. We evaluated factors associated with undiagnosed HIV infection using HIV-1 phylogenetic, behavioural, and demographic data. Methods As part of the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, 20% of households in 30 villages were tested for HIV and followed from 2013 to 2018. A total of 12,610 participants were enrolled, 3596 tested HIV-positive at enrolment, and 147 participants acquired HIV during the trial. Extensive socio-demographic and behavioural data were collected from participants and next-generation sequences were generated for HIV-positive cases. We compared three groups of participants: (1) those previously known to be HIV-positive at enrolment (n = 2995); (2) those newly diagnosed at enrolment (n = 601) and (3) those who tested HIV-negative at enrolment but tested HIV-positive during follow-up (n = 147). We searched for differences in demographic and behavioural factors between known and newly diagnosed group using logistic regression. We also compared the topology of each group in HIV-1 phylogenies and used a genetic diversity-based algorithm to classify infections as recent (

Published
2022
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199. Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells

Author

Tonje Skuland, Vegard Sæter Grytting, Marit Låg, Rikke Bræmming Jørgensen, Brynhild Snilsberg, Daan L. A. C. Leseman, Alena Kubátová, Jessica Emond, Flemming R. Cassee, Jørn A. Holme, Johan Øvrevik, and Magne Refsnes

Subjects
Urban air particulate matter, Mineral particles, Stone particles, Organic carbon, Oxidative potential, Epithelial lung cells, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270, Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare, HD7260-7780.8
Abstract

Abstract Background Traffic particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of particles from fuel combustion and wear of road pavement, tires and brakes. In countries with low winter temperatures the relative contribution of mineral-rich PM from road abrasion may be especially high due to use of studded tires during winter season. The aim of the present study was to sample and characterize size-fractioned PM from two road tunnels paved with different stone materials in the asphalt, and to compare the pro-inflammatory potential of these fractions in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) in relation to physicochemical characteristics. Methods The road tunnel PM was collected with a vacuum pump and a high-volume cascade impactor sampler. PM was sampled during winter, both during humid and dry road surface conditions, and before and after cleaning the tunnels. Samples were analysed for hydrodynamic size distribution, content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and endotoxin, and the capacity for acellular generation of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in HBEC3-KT cells after exposure to coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.18–2.5 μm) and ultrafine PM (≤ 0.18 μm), as well as particles from the respective stone materials used in the pavement. Results The pro-inflammatory potency of the PM samples varied between road tunnels and size fractions, but showed more marked responses than for the stone materials used in asphalt of the respective tunnels. In particular, fine samples showed significant increases as low as 25 µg/mL (2.6 µg/cm2) and were more potent than coarse samples, while ultrafine samples showed more variable responses between tunnels, sampling conditions and endpoints. The most marked responses were observed for fine PM sampled during humid road surface conditions. Linear correlation analysis showed that particle-induced cytokine responses were correlated to OC levels, while no correlations were observed for other PM characteristics. Conclusions The pro-inflammatory potential of fine road tunnel PM sampled during winter season was high compared to coarse PM. The differences between the PM-induced cytokine responses were not related to stone materials in the asphalt. However, the ratio of OC to total PM mass was associated with the pro-inflammatory potential.

Published
2022
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200. Elective surgery system strengthening: development, measurement, and validation of the surgical preparedness index across 1632 hospitals in 119 countries

Author

Glasbey, James C, Abbott, Tom EF, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Adisa, Adewale, AlAmeer, Ehab, Alshryda, Sattar, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany, Abou Chaar, M K, Chaudhry, Daoud, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Cunha, Miguel F, Davies, Justine I, Desai, Anant, Elhadi, Muhammed, Fiore, Marco, Fitzgerald, James Edward, Fourtounas, Maria, Fowler, Alex James, Futaba, Kay, Gallo, Gaetano, Ghosh, Dhruva, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hamilton, Rebecca, Haque, Parvez, Harrison, Ewen M, Hutchinson, Peter, Hyman, Gabriella, Isik, Arda, Jayarajah, Umesh, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Kadir, Bryar, Lawani, Ismail, Lederhuber, Hans, Li, Elizabeth, Löffler, Markus W, Lorena, Maria Aguilera, Mann, Harvinder, Martin, Janet, Mazingi, Dennis, McClain, Craig D, McLean, Kenneth A, Meara, John G, Ramos-De La Medina, Antonio, Mengesha, Mengistu, Minaya, Ana, Modolo, Maria Marta, Moore, Rachel, Morton, Dion, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Pata, Francesco, Pearse, Rupert, Picciochi, Maria, Pinkney, Thomas, Pockney, Peter, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H, Richards, Toby, Roslani, April Camilla, Satoi, Sohei, Sayyed, Raza, Shaw, Richard, Simões, Joana FF, Smart, Neil, Sullivan, Richard, Sund, Malin, Sundar, Sudha, Tabiri, Stephen, Taylor, Elliott H, Venn, Mary L, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha, Wright, Naomi, Yip, Sebastian Bernardo Shu, Bhangu, Aneel, Omar, Omar, Harrison, Ewen, Bhangu, Aneel A, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Benson, Ruth A, Bywater, Edward, Dawson, Brett E, Evans, Jonathan P, Heritage, Emily, Jones, Conor S, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Khatri, Chetan, Khaw, Rachel A, Keatley, James M, Knight, Andrew, Lawday, Samuel, Mann, Harvinder S, Marson, Ella J, Mckay, Siobhan C, Mills, Emily C, Pellino, Gianluca, Tiwari, Abhinav, Trout, Isobel M, Wilkin, Richard JW, Abukhalaf, Sadi, Adamina, Michel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Agarwal, Arnav, Akkulak, Murat, Alameer, Ehab, Alderson, Derek, Alakaloko, Felix, Albertsmeier, Markus, Alser, Osaid, Alshaar, Muhammad, Augestad, Knut Magne, Ayasra, Faris, Azevedo, José, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Barlow, Emma, Beard, David, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Brar, Amanpreet, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Breen, Kerry A, Bretherton, Chris, Buarque, Igor Lima, Burke, Joshua, Caruana, Edward J, Chaar, Mohammad, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Christensen, Peter, Cox, Daniel, Cukier, Moises, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Drake, Thomas M, Edwards, John G, Emile, Sameh, Farik, Shebani, Ford, Samuel, Garmanova, Tatiana, Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde, Grecinos, Gustavo, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gruendl, Magdalena, Halkias, Constantine, Hisham, Intisar, Hutchinson, Peter J, Hwang, Shelley, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jonker, Pascal, Keller, Debby, Kolias, Angelos, Kruijff, Schelto, Leventoglu, Sezai, Litvin, Andrey, Loehrer, Andrew, Major, Piotr, Mashbari, Hassan N, Metallidis, Symeon, Mohan, Helen M, Moszkowicz, David, Moug, Susan, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Maimbo, Mayaba, Negoi, Ionut, Niquen, Milagros, Olivos, Maricarmen, Oussama, Kacimi, Outani, Oumaima, Parreno-Sacdalanm, Marie Dione, Rivera, Carlos Jose Perez, Pinkney, Thomas D, Plas, Willemijn van der, Qureshi, Ahmad, Radenkovic, Dejan, Revell, Elliot J, Roberts, Keith, Roslani, April C, Rutegård, Martin, Segura-Sampedro, Juan José, Santos, Irène, Schache, Andrew, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Seyi-Olajide, Justina O, Sharma, Neil, Shaw, Catherine A, Shu, Sebastian, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Stewart, Grant D, Townend, Philip, Tsoulfas, Georgios, Vidya, Raghavan, Vimalachandran, Dale, Warren, Oliver J, Wedderburn, Duane, EuroSurg, NA, European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), NA, Global Initiative for Children's Surgery, NA, GlobalSurg, NA, GlobalPaedSurg, NA, ItSURG, NA, PTSurg, NA, SpainSurg, NA, Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery, NA, Association of Surgeons in Training, NA, Irish Surgical Research Collaborative (ISRC), NA, Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working, NA, Italian Society of Surgical Oncology, NA, Booth, Lesley, Barker, Margaret, Barker, Neil, Cooke, Shirley, Doré, Suzanne, Horwood, Nigel, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Weir, Carrie Tierney, Bahrami-Hessari, Mike, Riaz, Asad, Shah, Jaffer, Safi, Mohammed, Thereska, Dariel, Dajti, Irida, Cheddadi, Riadh, Tidjane, Anisse, Quinteros, Carlos A, khelfaoui, Ahmed, Salem, Khalifa M, Riffi, Omar, Kacimi, Salah Eddine O, Loudjedi, Salim, Damerdji, Tidjani, Pantoja Pachajoa, Diana A, Palacios Huatuco, René M, Alvarez, Fernando A, Doniquian, Alejandro M, Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto A, Schlottmann, Francisco, Cobos, Carlos M, Gigena, Cecilia, Forneris, Agustin Albani, Duro, Agustin, García-Mansilla, Agustín M, Busnelli, Virginia Cano, Poggi, Catalina, Mercado, Pedro L, González, Marcos, Castro Lalin, Agustina F, Mayer, Horacio F, Brandariz, Rodrigo, Slullitel, Pablo A, Boudou, Rocio, Lobos, Pablo A, Uffelmann, María C, Petersen, Maria L, Luzzi, Emilia, Padilla Lichtenberger, Fernando L, Crespi Amor, María S, Zarratea, Celeste S, Esteves, Tomas A, Gemelli, Nicolas A, Tirapegui, Sebastián, Liyo, Juan, Scherñuk, Jordán, Boccalatte, Luis A, Balmaceda, Ruben D, D'Addino, Jose L, Caubet, María M, Calderón Arancibia, José A, Chwat, Carina, Morris, Brian, Avellaneda, Nicolas, Pedraza Salazar, Ivana I, Eskinazi, Diego G, Vargas, Lara, Muriel, María E, Lucchini, Sergio M, Gosselink, Martijn P, Davis, Amelia L, Barker, John C, Qin, Kirby R, Proud, David M, Cox, Daniel RA, Goh, Su Kah, Liu, David S, Wu, Damien M, Merrett, Neil D, Badiani, Sarit S, Sengupta, Shomik, Jain, Anshini, Steen, Christopher J, Wong, Enoch, Ip, Christopher CK, Leaning, Matthew G, McCartney, Conor B, Gananadha, Sivakumar, Yeap, Evie FW, Stevens, Sean G, Vu, Anh N, Martin, Sarah A, Stanley, Guy H M, Watson, David I, Townend, Philip J, Young, Thomas K, Cox, Georgia T, Dawson, Amanda C, Laura, Sharon E, Lun, Elizabeth W Y, Liang, Ina X, O'Neill, Christine J, Lott, Natalie J, Chuan, Alwin, Saravanan, SK, Gundara, Justin, Ong, Bee Shan, Nataraja, Ramesh M, Pacilli, Maurizio, Foley, Daniel M, Ooi, Geraldine J, Traeger, Luke, MacDermid, Ewan, Daruwalla, Jurstine, Hodgson, Russell, Heriot, Alexander G, Mulligan, Christopher S, Blefari, Nicholas D A, Purcell, Shaun S, Frankel, Adam J, Guerra, Glen R, Tefay, Joan S, Liang, Rhea W Y, Kroon, Hidde M, Farfus, Anthony W, Warren, Leigh R, Roy, Jennifer M, Whitfield, Robert J, Moller, Cea-Cea B, Davis, Sean S, Sammour, Tarik, Lam, Yick Ho, Kour, Kevin, Gan, Siang Wei, Coventry, Brendon J, Dawson, Joseph A, Batstone, Martin D, King, Sebastian K, Scott, Nathan J, Foo, Jonathan W, Shepherd, Talia, Page, Richard S, Choong, Peter F, Badgery, Henry E, Chong, Lynn, Taylor, Lillian, Hii, Michael W, Wright, Gavin M, Kong, Joseph CH, Watson, Matthew M, Bock, Jacob, Lidder, Surjit S, Elias, Patrick, Kanavathy, Sathisvaran, Koh, Cherry E, Chennakesavan, Srinivas Kondalsamy, Panuganti, Vishwakar, Latif, Haider, Yeung, Justin MC, Besson, Alex J, Tse, Eunice Q Y, Pitcher, Meron E, Taylor, Danielle L, Nahm, Christopher B, Lim, Alicia, Tree, Kevin, Aigner, Felix, Dawoud, Christopher, Foessleitner, 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Karmarkar, Rahi, Khaleeq, Tahir, Bhatia, Mohit, Al-Khazaali, Badr L, Daadipour, Audrina, Mattar, Ahmed, Singhal, Tarun, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Glasbey, James, Nankivell, Paul C, Kalkat, Maninder S, Nour, Shahd, Beggs, Andrew D, Yershov, Danylo Y, Chughtai, Shafiq Ahmad, Youssef, Hesham, Norrish, Alan R, Mohammed, Mohammed M, Gwozdz, Adam M, Charalambous, Michalis P, Knight, Stephen R, McCaul, James A, Bridgman, Elsie A, El Sheikh, Mustafa, Ogunbowale, Akinsola, Wright, Evan O, Ahmed, Usama, Younus, Hafsa, Tincknell, Laura G, Weixing-Ho, Ken, Demetriou, Charis, Hussei, Mohammed, Reilly, John-Joe, Hormis, Anil P, Moug, Susan J, Anazor, Fitzgerald C, Horwell, Edward A, Neal-Smith, Gregory, McNamara, John M, Baryeh, Kwaku W, Bhatti, Khalid M, McKay, Joseph E, Cannoletta, Maria G, Perkins, Clare J, Gopalswamy, Sivakumar, Sheldon, Anna F, John, Joseph B, Mantle, Mark, Toia, Bogdan, Phillips, Andrew J, Al-Khyatt, Waleed, Lund, Jonathan N, Ammar, Ahmed Y, Yim, Guang H, Huntley, Daniel A, Daniels, Ian R, Valverde, Joao, Lumley, Edward David John, Walton, Thomas J, Raptis, Dimitri A, Dimitrokallis, Nikolaos, Nathan, Arjun, Motallebzadeh, Reza, Chowdhury, Shihab, Ahmed, Rezwan F A, Mirnezami, Reza, Szakmany, Tamas, Knight, Dominic J, Al-Azzani, Waheeb, Davies, Huw R, Ooi, Setthasorn Zhi Yang, Oo, Khaing K, Cullis, Paul S, Peng, Ed, Demetriades, Andreas K, Tambyraja, Andrew L, Poon, Michael TC, Brennan, Paul M, Oikonomou, Dimitrios, Newman, Samuel E, Le Blevec, Louise, Otify, Mohamed, Szatmary, Peter, Devkaran, Bhavesh, Sochorova, Dana, Sohrabi, Catrin, Sivaprakasam, Rajesh, Goh, Mingzheng Aaron, Atkinson, Kate V, Soares, Delvene, Prce, Daniela, Cann, Johnathon P, Grobbelaar, Amy C, Bradley, Rebecca, Strauss, Helen J, Taha, Ahmed, Minicozzi, Annamaria, Thakur, Bhaskar, Hanoun, Abdullah, Goru, Poornanand, Baumber, Rachel M, Sobti, Anshul S, Cross, George WV, Havenhand, Tom, Antoniou, George A, Chauhan, Govind Singh, Vokshi, Ismail, Mahmud, Ayesha, Albanese, Erminia, Evans, Daisy, Madhuri, Thumuluru Kavitha, Horsnell, Jonathan D, Zalmay, Pardis, Davies, Angharad J, Aljanadi, Firas, Jeganathan, Reubendra, Jones, Mark, Kakos, Christos, vidya, Raghavan, El-Ghobashy, Alaa, Habib, Ahmed M, Reid, Jeremy P, Rajgor, Harshadkumar Dhirajlal, Ahmed, Omar, Branagan, Graham, Mohamedahmed, Ali Yasen Y, Al-Sabbagh, Ali, Chetty, Govind, Kelty, Clive J, EL-Wajeh, Yasin A M, Tomlinson, James E, Rominiyi, Ola, Sinha, Saurabh, Saad, Sanad, Sahu, Banchhita, Charalampakis, Vasileios, Enemosah, Ibrahim, Williams, Simon J, Yaqoob, Hassan N, Laurent, Edward P, Moreau, Joshua L, Frostick, Rhiannon, Parwaiz, Hammad, Aboelmagd, Karim, Pournaras, Dimitri J, Hristova, Kalina H, Iyengar, Karthikeyan P, Mohamed, Muyed, Artioukh, Dmitri Y, Anwar, Sibtain, Hussein, Mostafa K A, Omogbehin, Tomisin S, Herron, Jonathan B T, Labib, Amir, Patel, Preemal, Marsden, Samuel C, Mehdian, Roshana, Santhirakumaran, Gowthanan, Smelt, Jeremy, Agarwal, Ketan, Lancerotto, Luca, Sahnan, Kapil, Shalhoub, Joseph, Donnelly, Liam J, Erridge, Simon, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Luo, Xun, Bansal, Sujesh, Ryan, Neil AJ, Smith, Alexander C D, Flatman, Michael, Wafaie, Imad, Malik, Muhammad Isfandyar Khan, Thumbadoo, Ruben P, Hussain, Shoaib F, Henein, Christin, Hamad, Yousif T, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bosanquet, David C, Kolias, Angelos G, Choi, David, Marcus, Hani J, Horsfall, Hugo RM Layard, Khan, Danyal Z, Sahni, Arun, Millward, Christopher P, Render, Luke, Truss, Adam, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Parmar, Chetan, Hanger, Joseph, Sheen, Jonathon, Rait, Jaideep S, Foreman, Jennifer, Marzouqa, Natalie, Fontalis, Andreas, Voulalas, Grigorios, CHEONG, Ryan Chin Taw, Dindyal, Sanjay, Arumugam, Sathyaseelan, Ward, Thomas R W, Stephens, Alastair S, Douka, Eleftheria, Abou-Foul, Ahmad K, McKay, Siobhan C, Kitchen, Mark O, Rees-Stoner, Oliver DJ, Balasubramanya, Supriya, Akhtar, Muhammad Adeel, Warwick, Andrew J, Pawar, Shweta, Dubey, Vivek, Al-Yaseen, Mustafa W, Williams, Christopher YK, Laird, Alexander, Krishna, Kandaswamy, Anyaugo, Ngozi S, Wuraola, Obafemi K, Odejinmi, Funlayo, Craven, Joanna M, West, Charlotte L, Barter, Reece A, Navaratnam, Devaraj M, Malik, Shahbaz S, Mahendran, Vimaladhithan, Zilvetti, Miguel, Lovegrove, Richard E, Board, Tim N, Zeiton, Moez, Sarwar, Safdar A, Duff, Sarah E, Hsabo, Elmuiz A, Nugur, Ashwani Kumar, Morris, Richard M, Lala, Anil K, Kwan-Feinberg, Rita O, Ross, Samuel W, Dressler, Jeremy A, Evans, Faye M, Wason, Shaun E L, Vogel, Keianna R, Wang, Joanna C, Sulciner, Megan L, Hirji, Sameer, Raoof, Mustafa, Wolff, Christopher J, kent, Ilan, Turan, Alparslan, Teixeira, Pedro G, Olson, Kristofor A, Patel, Neil D, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Moris, Dimitrios, Rice, Henry E, Gabr, Hesham, Satoskar, Savni R, Castater, Christine A, Jmaileh, Manal, Payne, Rachel E, Kwon, David S, Aarabi, Shahram, Escobar, Pedro F, Kronenfeld, Joshua P, Dalton, Michael K, Etchill, Eric W, Haut, Elliott R, Vervoort, Dominique, Dehal, Ahmed, McKenney, Mark, Elkbuli, Adel, Gosain, Ankush, Abdelsattar, Zaid M, Naunheim, Matthew R, Burks, Ciersten A, Zhou, Allen S, Heng, Marilyn, Abohashem, Shady, Lozano-Calderón, Santiago A, Reisenauer, Janani S, Mouawad, Nicolas J, Diehl, Thomas M, Eriksson, Evert A, Marwaha, Jayson S, Schroeppel, Thomas J, LaRocca, Christopher J, Chang, Grace H, Hassan, Romana, Nosanov, Lauren B, Rickard, Jennifer L, Avraham, Jacob B, Petrone, Patrizio, Sferra, Joseph J, Hadaya, Joseph, Mead, Brittany S, Hauptman, Jason S, Ahmad, Maleeha, Meola, Antonio, Chang, Steven D, Ko, Ara, Specht, Katherine E, Choudhry, Asad, Encalada, Ronald Zerna, Poggio, Juan L, Xing, Hang, Glass, Nina E, Hooker, Robert, Martins, Paulo N, Scott, Erin M, Bankhead, Brittany K, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Nigh, Joe, Osborn, Tamara, Tay Lasso, Erika L, Beswick, Daniel M, Berndtson, Allison E, Kaups, Krista L, Chen, Lee-lynn, Farrell, Michael S, Boeck, Marissa A, Vaysburg, Dennis M, Kassam, Al-Faraaz, Turner, Kevin M, Dyas, Adam R, Coleman, Julia R, Folsom, Megan, Lam, Christopher M, Kumer, Sean C, Larson, Kelsey, Turner, Scott, Guidry, Christopher, Reddy, Madhuri, Berbel, German, Findley, Austin, Beahm, David, Bur, Andres, Marlor, Derek, Houndschell, Corey, Carver, Shea, Ulrich, Alissa, Bhutiani, Neal, DiChiacchio, Laura, Abdou, Hossam, Napolitano, Lena M, Ghebre, Rahel, Bass, Gary Alan, Kaplan, Lewis J, Martin, Niels D, Duffy, Caoimhe C, Abdelhamid, Sultan S, Daley, Brian J, Roland, Christina L, Dumas, Ryan P, Ban, Vin Shen, Rajesh, Aashish, Davies, Mark G, Purudappa, Prabhudev P, Walters, Camila B, Lin, Nicole, Ruzgar, Nensi M, Ullrich, Sarah J, Trostchansky, Ivan, Bonilla-Cal, Fernando, Castedo, Fabiola, Sobrero, Helena, Acuña, Gastón, Álvarez, Sofía M, Tarigo, Josefina, Carbajal, Ana C, Carbajal, Ana, Reyes, Antonio R, Al-Eryani, Fatima A, Alqousi, Nardeen N, Alattas, Zainab, Al-Saban, Rafat A, Al-Shehari, Mohammed M, ALHammadi, Nawal T, Shream, Sarah A, Al-Naggar, Hamza M, Al-Qalisi, Lina M, Nadeesh, Areej E, Al-Samawi, Hytham H, Bajjah, Hadeel M, AL-Ameri, Saba A, Albably, Jamal F, Ghannam, Rana A, Shamsan, Amatallah H, Meead, Abdullah A, Al- Zubaidi, Riham Q, Zulait, Mohammed A, Najeeb, Halah, Alsayadi, Musaed M, Al-Mashreqi, Seham K, Al-Jomai, Najla A, Alsayadi, Ramzi A, Al-Naggar, Moath M, Almarashi, Hassan A, Musaeed, Hasna M, Al-Raimi, Ibrahim M, Ghanem, Hossam N, Al-Zazay, Karim A, AL-Mahdi, Shehab A, Almontaser, Amatalaleem S, Savopoulos, Vanessa A S, Munthali, James, Kabongo, Kizito M C, Mushiwokufa, Willard, Ngulube, Allan, Ntoto, Crispin, Magama, Praise T, Dzinotyiwei, Daniel, Chivanga, Shelton K, Dube, Ngqabutho S, Sanchez, Ernesto C, Moyo, Assel T, Chengahomwe, Antony, Chinyowa, Simbarashe, Siamuchembu, Maphios, Bondera, Tafadzwa, and Mushawarima, Trust

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2022
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