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The authors acknowledge COST Action ES 1105 "CYANOCOST Cyanobacterial blooms and toxins in water resources: Occurrence impacts and management" and COST Action Global Change Biology ES 1201 NETLAKE -Networking Lake Observatories in Europe" for contributing to this study through networking and knowledge sharing with European experts in the field. We acknowledge the members of the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) for their collaborative spirit and enthusiasm that inspired the grassroots effort of the EMLS. E.M. was supported by a grant from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation to Bas Ibelings and by supplementary funding from University of Geneva. We thank Wendy Beekman for the nutrient analysis. We thank Pieter Slot for assisting with the pigment analysis. We thank Dr. Ian Jones for valuable feedback on an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and the Aquatic Microbial Ecology Group for logistic and technical support of J. Fonvielle and H.-P. Grossart, and the Leibniz Association for financial support. H.P. was supported by the US National Science Foundation (1840715, 1831096). A.C.'s work was funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion and EU funds through the project CLIMAWET (CGL2015-69557-R). The collection of data for Lough Erne and Lough Neagh were funded by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Northern Ireland. We are grateful to Kristiina Vuorio from the Freshwater Centre of the Finnish Environment institute for her help in organizing, collecting and analysing samples by the University of Jyvaskyla and to Gerald Dorflinger from the Water Development Department of Cyprus for his assistance with the sampling in Cyprus and for granting the CUT team permission to use WDD's equipment. Finally, we would like to thank the numerous other assistants that helped realizing each local survey. Open access funding provided by Universite de Geneve., To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L-1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4 degrees C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature., European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) ES 1105 ES 1201, Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, University of Geneva, Leibniz Association, National Science Foundation (NSF) 1840715 1831096, Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, European Commission CGL2015-69557-R, Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Northern Ireland

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains., Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1105

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat lingkar tambang dalam pengusahaan pertambangan dan bagaimana pengembangan masyarakat lingkar tambang dalam pengusahaan pertambangan. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat lingkar tambang dalam pengusahaan pertambangan merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kualitasa masyarakat yang bermukim dilingkar tambang dibidang sumber daya manusia, kesehatan, pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengembangan wilayah dan kemitraan. 2. Pengembangan masyarakat lingkar tambang dalam pengusahaan pertambangan merupakan kewajiban hukum dari perusahaan pertambangan yang telah oleh pemerintah dalam perundang – undangan dan substansi kontrak dengan perusahaan pertambangan yang didasarkan pada prinsip keberlanjutan, kemitraan, teknologi tepat guna dan kontribusi masyarakat.Kata kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Masyarakat Lingkar Tambang, Pengusahaan Pertambangan.

Kegiatan ekshibisi dan konferensi merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang berguna untuk meningkatkan taraf perekonomian dan kemajuan suatu daerah. Gedung konvensi dan Ekshibisi merupakan salah satu hal yang wajib ada untuk mewadahi kegiatan ekshibisi dan konferensi agar dapat terfasilitasi dengan baik. Sebagi Ibu Kota Sulawesi Utara, Manado menjadi daerah strategis untuk dijadikan sebagai pusat konferensi dan ekshibisi. Memiliki akses yang dekat dengan bandara, Menjadikan Manado sebagai pusat area bisnis dan pusat komersial. Tujuan dari perancangan ini adalah untuk mewadahi aktifitas konvensi dan ekshibisi dengan fasilitas yang memadai. Pada proses perancangan desain untuk bangunan konvensi dan ekshibisi ini menghasilkan karakteristik tema yaitu, Arsitektur Kontemporer. Dengan penerapan tema Arsitektur Kontemporer di harapkan dapat menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih kekinian, yang nantinya pengguna tetap merasakan perkembangan, dimana penerapan prinsip-prinsip Arsitektur Kontemporer seperti penggunaan material yang lebih baru ataupun permainan warna yang saat ini sangat berpengaruh dalam aspek keindahan, serta penggunaan suatu struktur bagi bangunan, juga bangunan yang memperlihatkan keindahan alam yang belum banyak diperhatikan oleh masyarakat, yang seharusnya dapat berpengaruh baik bagi lingkungan. Kata kunci: Pusat Konvensi dan Ekshibisi, Manado, Arsitektur kontemporer

Biological and advanced chemical treatment of cyanotoxins and other cyanobacteria-related contaminants such as taste and odor compounds, results in the formation of myriad transformation products (TPs) prior to their mineralization to simpler compounds such as H2O and CO2. This chapter gives an overview of the TPs formed for the major groups of cyanotoxins, with both biological and chemical treatment processes. In addition, it provides detailed explanations on the mechanistic steps followed that lead up to the formation of stable TPs for each oxidant used. It becomes apparent that besides the oxidizing ability of each oxidant, TP formation can be affected by the experimental conditions used, including oxidant and catalyst dose, solution pH, and presence of scavengers. Finally, the toxic potential of TPs is discussed.

Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan memiliki 63 tenaga perawat yang terdiri dari 29 ASN dan 34 Honorer dengan waktu kerja hanya memiliki dua sift kerja. Peneliti melakukan penelitian tentang motivasi kerja dengan kinerja di tempat penelitian tersebut karena saat wawancara awal kepada perawat, ada yang mengeluhkan tentang beban kerja yang tinggi dengan memerlukan penanganan yang cepat, tentunya sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dari perawat. Kinerja perawat yang saat ini sangat di tuntut dalam melakukan pelayanan kepada pasien di rumah sakit, namun terkadang masih belum maksimal dan hal ini sangat dikeluhkan oleh pasien karena pelayanan kepada pasien adalah hal yang paling penting di rumah sakit. Untuk mencapai kinerja yang baik, motivasi kerja perawat merupakan salah satu variable penentu untuk meningkatkan kinerja perawat agar pelayanan kepada pasien dapat dilaksanakan dengan maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi kerja dengan kinerja pada perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian survei analitik dengan desain cross-sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perawat pelaksana yang terdaftar di daftar tenaga perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan yang berjumlah 63 tenaga perawat. Variabel yang di teliti adalah motivasi kerja dan kinerja. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan menggunakan Uji Chi Square. Berdasarkan uji hubungan antara motivasi dengan kinerja pada perawat di RSUD Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Chi-square dengan nilai p = 0,008 atau (p < 0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara motivasi kerja dengan kinerja pada perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Kata Kunci: Motivasi Kerja, Kinerja ABSTRACTThe number of registered nurses is 63 nurses, consisting of 29 ASN nurses and 34 Honorary nurses. Based on preliminary interviews with several nurses and also office employees, the hospital only has two work shifts, there are also some nurses with high work complaints by providing fast security so that they can improve maximum vision. To determine the relationship between work motivation and performance in nurses at Amurang District General Hospital in South Minahasa Regency. This research belongs to the category of analytic survey research with cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were all implementing nurses who were registered in the list of nurses in the Amurang District General Hospital in South Minahasa Regency, totaling 63 nurses. Variables examined were work motivation and performance. The research instrument was a questionnaire and used the Chi Square Test. Based on the test of the relationship between motivation and performance of nurses in Amurang Regional Hospital in South Minahasa Regency using the Chi-square correlation test with a value of p = 0.008 or (p

The production of β-Ν-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in cyanobacteria is triggered by nitrogen-starvation conditions and its biological role, albeit unknown, is associated with nitrogen assimilation. In the present study, the effect of BMAA (773 μg L−1) on nitrogen metabolism and physiology of the non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium and non-BMAA producer, Synechococcus sp. TAU-MAC 0499, was investigated. In order to study the combined effect of nitrogen availability and BMAA, nitrogen-starvation conditions were induced by transferring cells in nitrogen-free medium and subsequently exposing the cultures to BMAA. After short-term treatment (180 min) and in the presence of nitrogen, BMAA inhibited glutamine synthetase, which resulted in low concentration of glutamine. In the absence of nitrogen, although there was no effect on glutamine synthetase, a possible perturbation in nitrogen assimilation is reflected on the significant decrease in glutamate levels. During the long-term exposure (24–96 h), growth, photosynthetic pigments and total protein were not affected by BMAA exposure, except for an increase in protein and phycocyanin levels at 48 h in nitrogen replete conditions. Results suggest that BMAA interferes with nitrogen assimilation, in a different way, depending on the presence or absence of combined nitrogen, providing novel data on the potential biological role of BMAA.

This research is an experimental study of Problem Based Learning model. This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning learning model on student learning outcomes on the mole concept material. This research was conducted in class X SMA Negeri 1 Remboken with a total sample of 64 people. The research design used is an experimental method with a quantitative approach and the type of research used is a quasi-experimental research (Quasi Experimental design). The experimental class uses the Problem Based Learning model and the control class uses the conventional learning model. Analysis of hypothesis testing using t-test with a significant level of = 0.05 because, two-way test then the value of a/2 = 0.025. The test results obtained show that the results of tcount > ttable or 9.653 > 1.99897, thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, this indicates that there is a significant difference between the average posttest scores of the experimental group and the control group. So it can be concluded that there is a difference between student learning outcomes using Problem Based Learning) and student learning outcomes using conventional learning models on the mole concept material.

In the last decades, cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) pose an intensifying ecological threat. Microcystis aeruginosa is a common CyanoHAB species in freshwater ecosystems, with severe toxic effects in a wide range of organisms. In the present paper we examined whether transient and short (48 h) exposure of fish embryos to sublethal levels of M. aeruginosa crude extract (200 mg biomass dw L

Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu fasilitas yang keberadaannya sangat diperlukan untuk memfasilitasi perawatan, pengobatan dan konsultasi tidak semata – mata hanya untuk pasien yang sakit. Kehamilan adalah anugerah, untuk itu harus diselamatkan, kehamilan merupakan jalan menuju generasi berikutnya, Kehadiran Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak di Kota Manado sangat diharapkan akan memberikan kontribusi bagi kemajuan lewat pelayanan kesehatan yang lebih spesifik dalam peruntukannya dengan fasilitas yang lengkap khususnya untuk penderita kaum ibu dan anak – anak, disertai tenaga medis yang handal yang akan menjawab sebagian tuntutan masyarakat untuk mendapatkan penanganan kesehatan yang lebih baik. Tema yang diambil dalam perancangan rumah sakit ibu dan anak ini adalah Green Arsitektur. Green Arsitektur adalah sebuah konsep perancangan Arsitektur yang hemat energy, ramah lingkungan,sehingga akan menghadirkan sebuah perancangan Rumah Sakit yang lebih sehat dan lebih baik tentunya akan memberikan kenyamanan kepada pasien karena di dalam ruangan mereka membutuhkan kesejukan udara. Rumah sakit ibu dan anak memberikan pelayanan dan perawatan kesehatan bagi ibu sebelum dan setelah masa kehamilan, serta pel ayanan kesehat an menyeluruh bagi anak – anak usia 0 – 14 tahun, dan juga menyediakan pelayanan kesehatan bagi ibu – ibu yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan.Kata Kunci : Rumah Sakit Ibu Dan Anak, Manado, Green Arsitektur

This paper presents the first report of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from the South Caucasus region, in particular from Lake Yerevan (Armenia). Microcystis, Dolichospermum and Planktothrix were the key genera identified during the growing season. A trend of a remarkable increase in cyanobacterial densities was observed from 2012 to 2013 exhibiting bloom formation in June (by Nostoc linckia) with the highest values in June and August 2013, reaching up to 695.9*103 cells mL−1. Seasonal dependence of cyanobacterial density on temperature, and temperature as a driver for cyanobacterial cells growth and development were suggested. Biogenic nutrients were identified as co-drivers determining species richness and dominance, as well as the distribution of phytoplankton in different parts of the reservoir. Cyanotoxin concentrations in the filtered biomass were reported during July 2012 for both stations of the reservoir (left and right bank). Microcystin-RR (MC-RR) was the most abundant and the most frequently observed cyanotoxin. Lower MC-LR concentrations were identified in all samples from both stations, with the highest values observed at the right bank in July 2012. [D-Asp3]MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-HtyR, [D-Asp3]MC-LR, MC-HilR, MC-WR, MC-LY and MC-LW were also identified in trace levels. Anatoxin-a (ANA) was reported in the samples from both stations during August 2012. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) was present in trace concentrations in samples from both stations during July and in the sample from the left bank during September.

Penelitian telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Tinjowan, Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara bertujuan melatih keterampilan dan kemampuan dalam bidang perkebunan, serta memperoleh pengalaman kerja secara langsung dengan mempelajari aspek teknis maupun manajerial. Hal yang diamati dalam pengelolaan panen adalah angka kerapatan panen, kehilangan hasil, taksasi produksi, kualitas pekerjaan panen, rotasi panen, kriteria panen, kebutuhan tenaga panen, sarana dan prasarana panen, organisasi panen, serta transportasi panen. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan pengelolaan panen perlu ditingkatkan. Pencegahan kehilangan hasil perlu digalakkan.

Pantai Tirang merupakan salah satu pantai di Semarang, terletak di sebelah barat dari bandara Ahmad Yani, pantai Maron dan Muara Kali Angke di Desa Tambakrejo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kabupaten Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tekstur sedimen dan bahan organik, mengetahui nilai indeks biologi (indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, dan indeks dominasi), dan mengetahui hubungan tekstur sedimen dan bahan organik dengan makrozoobentos di Habitat Mangrove Pantai Tirang Semarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: metode deskriptif (analisa lapangan dan laboratorium). Analisa lapangan di Pantai Tirang Semarang dan analisa laboratorium di Lab Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Diponegoro. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan 3 kali dengan interval waktu 2 minggu sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tektur sedimen didominasi oleh fraksi pasir berkisar 90,92-94,56% pada sampling pertama; fraksi liat 26,08 – 61,24% pada sampling kedua; fraksi liat berkisar 23,28-59,88 % pada sampling ketiga; dan Nilai bahan organik berkisar antara 1,88-5,88%. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman berkisar 0,563-1,003, indeks keseragaman berkisar 0,579-0,909, indeks dominasi berkisar 0,371-0,624 dan kelimpahan makrozoobentos berkisar antara 1995,27-5985,83 ind/m 3 . Jenis makrozoobentos yang mendominasi adalah dari genus Cerithidea . Hubungan tekstur sedimen dominan (fraksi clay) dan bahan organik dengan makrozoobentos: fraksi clay dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos memiliki hubungan terbalik, semakin tinggi fraksi clay maka kelimpahan makrozoobentos makin rendah dengan koefisien korelasi -0,18. Bahan organik dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos memiliki keeratan hubungan sedang, bahan organik makin tinggi maka kelimpahan makrozoobentos meningkat. Kata Kunci : Tekstur Sedimen; bahan organik; makrozoobentos; Pantai Tirang Semarang ABSTRACT Tirang Beach is one of the beaches in Semarang located at the westside of Ahmad Yani airport, Maron Beach and the estuari of Angke River, Tambakrejo village, Tugu subdistrict, Semarang Regency. The objective of the research is to determine the sediment textures and organic matter s , to know the biological ind ices (diversity index, uniformity index, and the dominance index), and to determine the relationship between macrozoobenthos with sediment textures and organic matter in Mangrove habitat at Tirang Beach Semarang.Th is study adopts a descriptive method (Field and laboratory analysis). Field analysis in Tirang Beach Semarang and laboratory analysis at the Laboratory of Fish Resources Management and Environment Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Diponegoro in Semarang. Sampling was conducted three times at intervals of 2 weeks.The results of this study show s that sediment textures is dominated by sand fraction ranged from 90,92 to 94,56% at fiirst sampling; clay fractions ranged from 26,08 to 61,24 % at second sampling; clay fraction ranged from 23,28-59,88 % at third sampling. Diversity index values ranged from 0,563 to 1,003, uniformity index ranges from 0,579 to 0,909, dominance index ranged from 0,371 to 0,624 and the abundance of macrozoobenthos from 1995.27 to 5985.83 ind/cm 3 . Macrozoobenthos is dominated by genus Cerithidea. Relation of sediment texture (clay fraction) and organic material with macrozoobenthos. The clay fraction and abundance of macrozoobenthos has a negative correlation, high clay concentration low macrozoobenths abundance and correlation value of -0.18. Organic matter and abundance of macrozoobenthos has a moderate correlation, high organic material high macrozoobenthos abundance and correlation value 0.73. Keywords: Sediment textures, organic matters; Macrozoobenthos; Tirang Beach Semarang