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Fungal diseases are a major threat to the horticultural industry and cause substantial postharvest losses. While secondary metabolites from Trichoderma sp. have been explored for their antifungal properties, limited information exists on the phenolic compounds produced by less studied species like Trichoderma longibrachiatum. In this study, phenolic compounds were extracted from a liquid culture of T. longibrachiatum using various solvents and methods (conventional and ultrasonic-assisted). Phenolic compounds were quantified by spectrophotometry and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum was determined by mycelial growth inhibition assays, maximum growth rate (µmax) by the Gompertz equation, and spore germination tests. Although no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) were found between the extraction methods, the type of solvent significantly influenced the phenolic content (p ≤ 0.05). Extraction with 70% ethanol showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. More than eight phenolic compounds were detected. Further, this is the first report of the phenolics ferulic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids identification in T. longibrachiatum, along with flavonoids such as epicatechin and quercetin, among others. The 70% ethanolic extracts notably inhibited the mycelial growth of A. alternata and F. oxysporum, reducing their maximum growth rate by 1.5 and 1.4 mm/h, respectively. Furthermore, p-coumaric and ferulic acids significantly inhibited spore germination of both pathogens, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.5 mg/mL and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 2 mg/mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of T. longibrachiatum and its phenolic compounds as viable alternatives for biological control in horticulture and postharvest disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although cross-reactivity with other plant-based foods and latex has been described, allergies to potatoes and tomatoes are uncommon. Objective: To study the different sensitization patterns in patients who are allergic to potatoes and/or tomatoes. Methods: Skin prick tests were carried out with fresh foods and extracts, specific IgE determination and allergen detection by SDS-PAGE and IgE-Immunoblotting with both raw and heated potato and tomato extracts. Results: In 10 patients, two thermostable allergens to potato extract were detected; the first one with a molecular weight that is compatible with Sola t 1 (43 kDa, patatin) and the second one with a molecular weight of 14-22 kDa, which could correspond to the allergens Sola t 4 (16 kDa) and Sola t 2 and Sola t 3 (21 kDa); in two patients who are allergic to potatoes and two patients who are allergic to tomatoes, a thermostable allergen that is compatible to Sola I 2 (50 kDa) was detected. The patient had presented oral allergy syndrome with some types of potatoes and showed higher IgE reactivity to two thermostable potato allergens. Conclusions: The allergen sensitization patterns were similar in all the patients that had been studied, regardless of the symptoms. A new allergen involved in the allergy to solanaceae plants has been detected.

Durante la colonia y la neocolonia el deporte en el municipio de Consolación del Sur fue prácticamente inexistente. Hubo poca preocupación de los gobiernos de turno por algún deporte; vale mencionar que solo se practicaba béisbol, corridas de toro y carreras de caballo entre otros. Con el triunfo de la Revolución cubana el 1ro. de enero de 1959 se llevó a cabo una transformación radical en la práctica del deporte, que constituye uno de los programas sociales a los que la revolución le ha brindado una especial atención, dando una gran prioridad a la formación de buenos deportistas en todas las especialidades, contando hoy con campeones mundiales, olímpicos, panamericanos y centroamericanos, por solo mencionar algunos de los logros obtenidos, además la revolución convirtió al deporte en un derecho de todo el pueblo.

Se ha realizado un análisis estadístico de las características más importantes de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado (TFG) del Grado en Farmacia en la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). La muestra analizada ha sido de 264 TFG. Los resultados del análisis, una regresión logística multivariante, han constatado, entre otros aspectos, que una gran mayoría de los TFG, contienen conocimientos de un único módulo del plan de estudios, y su contenido no suele estar directamente ligado a alguna de las salidas profesionales del Grado. Para revertir esta tendencia, en este trabajo se plantea una intervención que resuelva las carencias observadas y mejore la dinámica de ejecución de los TFG. La propuesta incluye una metodología de trabajo de un equipo docente que se involucra y participa en el planteamiento, elaboración, dirección y evaluación de los TFG. Además, se presenta un ejemplo de la metodología aplicada a la salida profesional de la Farmacia Comunitaria. El equipo docente es multidisciplinar, formado por especialistas en diversas materias de todos los cursos del Grado, de cinco áreas de conocimiento pertenecientes a cuatro de los seis módulos desarrollados en el plan de estudios. El equipo docente y el alumnado participante trabajan con una metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP). Esta propuesta, potencia la coordinación de equipos docentes, la originalidad y creatividad de los TFG, el protagonismo activo del alumnado y profesorado y una relación directa con las salidas profesionales, que puede implementarse en cualquier Grado. Este trabajo contó con la financiación de la UPV/EHU.

The demand of qualified work force is the fundamental element for the entrance projection and labor location of the graduate ones of the different formation levels. The work offers a tool for the determination of the necessity of qualified work force in the labor entities of a municipality. Starting from the results of the diagnosis it was proven that irregularities existed in the demand of graduates, besides that it was not in correspondence with the plans of integral development of the territory. With the elements obtained from the use of empiric methods of investigation, it was evaluated the necessity of elaborating a procedure compound for four stages and ten steps that it allowed the employers of a municipality the upgrade of the demand of work force qualified in function of the local development. Quality of plants of Micropholis polita (Griseb.) Pierre (sapotillo) cultivated in nursery with this instrument a contribution was made to the existing regulations because it took into account other indicators for the determination of graduates of the different levels of training. Its partial validation in the municipality of La Palma, Pinar del Río, proved its usefulness for the demand of qualified work force, evidencing a transformation so much qualitative as quantitative of the results of the process, being more coherent the demand with the current scenario of the territory as soon as it contemplates the substitution of the labor force, as well as it conceives the formation of profiles in correspondence with the strategy of local development.