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Euphorbia species are rich in diterpenes. A solvent extraction of Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae, a species indigenous to the Southern Sinai of Egypt, afforded several premyrsinane diterpenoids (1-4) as well as previously reported metabolites (5-13) that included three flavonoids. Isolated compounds were chemically characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Identified compounds were bioassayed for anti-proliferative activity in vitro against colon (Caco-2) and lung (A549) tumor cell lines. Compound 9 exhibited robust anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells (IC50 = 3.3 µM). Absolute configurations for 8 versus 9 were determined by experimental and TDDFT-calculated electronic circular dichorism (ECD) spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new cembrenoids, lobophylins F-H (1–3), along with three known ones, lobophylins A-C (4–6), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the Taiwan water soft coralLobophytum crassum.The structures of isolated cembrenoids were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1D, 2D NMR and HR–ESI–MS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nephthea are soft coral species rich in sesquiterpenoids and steroids. An organic extract of Nephthea sp. resulted in the isolation of a new steroid (1), as well as several previously reported metabolites (2–9). Structures were elucidated by employing NMR and HR-EI-MS analyses. The total extract, fractions and purified compounds exhibited differential cytotoxicity against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soft coral genus Sinularia is a rich source of bioactive metabolites containing a diverse array of chemical structures. A solvent extract of Sinularia polydactyla resulted in the isolation of three new casbane diterpenes: sinularcasbane M (1), sinularcasbane N (2) and sinularcasbane O (3); in addition, known metabolites (4-5) were isolated. Compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses; the absolute configuration was confirmed by X-ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft corals belonging to the genus Cespitularia have been well recognized as a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites especially diterpenoids. This review furnishes an overview of all naturally isolated compounds from Cespitularia genus as, diterpenoids, nitrogen-containing diterpenes, sesquiterpenoids and steroids as well as biological activities of these species. Cespitularia species have been studied for their anticancer, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This work is the first review published on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical characterization as well as antioxidant and anti-tumor activity are reported for isolated metabolites from Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae). Structures were identified using standard MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. Sesquiterpene absolute stereochemistry was determined based on a modified Mosher’s reaction. Biological activity was evaluated by a cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay and select compounds screened for anti-tumor activity. (1 R ,4 S ,10 R ) 10,11-dimethyl-dicyclohex-5(6)-en-1,4-diol-7-one and ( R )-mandelonitrile-β-laminaribioside, together with ten previously reported compounds were identified. Antioxidant versus tumor-inhibition relationships was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigation of the soft coral Lobophytum lobophytum collected from the Red Sea led to the isolation of a new compound gorgostan-5,25-dien-3β-ol (1), and two known compounds gorgosterol (2), and alismol (3). Structures were elucidated by employing extensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need for new chemical structures to develop drugs as a result of the increasing number of viruses and pathogenic bacteria that have the ability to resist established treatments. Phytochemical screening on Pulicaria species have yielded a lot of compounds specially terpenoids, importantly though, some compounds have been found to have a potent bioactivity. Pulicaria undulata plants considered as a productive source for the effective biologically secondary metabolites. Herein, 2α-Hydroxyalantolactone (1), a major secondary metabolite, was enzymatically transformed by Rhizopus oryzae KX685359 fungal isolate. The fungal transformation affords a new transformed metabolite2-(alantolactonyloxy) propanoic acid (2) and know alantolactone-2α-acetate (3). Antimicrobial assessment of the substrate and transformed compounds disclosed the moderate antimicrobial activity of compound (3) against Gram-negative E. coli, Gram-positive L. cereus and the unicellular yeast C. albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine invertebrates including sponges, soft coral, tunicates, mollusks and bryozoan have proved to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Among marine-derived metabolites, terpenoids have provided a vast array of molecular architectures. These isoprenoid-derived metabolites also exhibit highly specialized biological activities ranging from nerve regeneration to blood-sugar regulation. As a result, intense research activity has been devoted to characterizing invertebrate terpenes from both a chemical and biological standpoint. This review focuses on the chemistry and biology of terpene metabolites isolated from the Red Sea ecosystem, a unique marine biome with one of the highest levels of biodiversity and specifically rich in invertebrate species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural products are structurally and biologically interesting metabolites, but they have been isolated in minute amounts. The syntheses of such natural products help in obtaining them in bulk amounts. The recognition of microbial biotransformation as important manufacturing tool has increased in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, microbial transformation is increasing significantly from limited interest into highly active area in green chemistry including preparation of pharmaceutical products. This is the first review published on the usage of microbial biocatalysts for some natural product classes and natural product drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the pharmaceutical sector, tissue culture techniques for large-scale production of natural chemicals can be a less expensive alternative to large-scale synthesis. Although recent biotransformation research have used plant cell cultures to target a wide range of bioactive compounds, more compiled information and synopses are needed to better understand metabolic pathways and improve biotransformation efficiencies.Purpose: This report reviews the biochemical transformation of phenolic natural products by plant cell cultures in order to identify potential novel biotechnological approaches for ensuring more homogeneous and stable phenolic production year-round under controlled environmental conditions.Methods: Articles on the use of plant cell culture for polyphenolic and flavonoid transformations (1988 - 2021) were retrieved from SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through electronic and manual search in English. Following that, the authors chose the required papers based on the criteria they defined. The following keywords were used for the online search: biotransformation, Plant cell cultures, flavonoids, phenolics, and pharmaceutical products.Results: The initial search found a total of 96 articles. However, only 70 of them were selected as they met the inclusion criteria defined by the authors. The analysis of these studies revealed that plant tissue culture is applicable for the large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites including the phenolics, which have high therapeutic value.Conclusion: Plant tissue cultures could be employed as an efficient technique for producing secondary metabolites including phenolics. Phenolics possess a wide range of therapeutic benefits, as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Callus culture, suspension cultures, transformation, and other procedures have been used to improve the synthesis of phenolics. Their production on a large scale is now achievable. More breakthroughs will lead to newer insights and, without a doubt, to a new era of phenolics-based pharmacological agents for the treatment of a variety of infectious and degenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Chiliadenus montanus stems/leaves were solvent extracted. [•] Eight compounds in addition to eight previously reported metabolites were isolated. [•] Structures were established by spectroscopic methods, including MS and NMR analysis. [•] Antimicrobial activity against an array of common bacteria/fungi was measured. [•] Minimal growth inhibition for one of the known compounds was observed in the μg/mL range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]