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In photocatalysis, the resulted heat by the relaxation of most of incident light no longer acts as the industrially favorite driving force back to the target photo‐reaction due to more or less the negative relation between photocatalytic efficiency and temperature. Here, we reported a visible light‐sensitized protocol that completely reversed the negatively temperature‐dependent efficiency in photo‐driven CO2 methanation with saturated water vapor. Uniform Pt/N‐TiO2/PDI self‐assembly material decisively injects the excited electron of PDI sensitizer into N‐TiO2 forming Ti−H hydride which is crucially temperature‐dependent nucleophilic species to dominate CO2 methanation, rather than conventionally separated and trapped electrons on the conductor band. Meanwhile, the ternary composite lifts itself temperature from room temperature to 305.2 °C within 400 s only by the failure excitation upon simulated sunlight of 2.5 W/cm2, and smoothly achieves CO2 methanation with a record number of 4.98 mmol g−1 h−1 rate, compared to less than 0.02 mol g−1 h−1 at classic Pt/N‐TiO2/UV photocatalysis without PDI sensitization. This approach can reuse ~53.9 % of the relaxed heat energy from the incident light thereby allow high‐intensity incident light as strong as possible within a flowing photo‐reactor, opening the most likely gateways to industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cognitive impairment constitutes a prevailing issue in the schizophrenia spectrum, severely impacting patients' functional outcomes. A global cognitive score, sensitive to the stages of the spectrum, would benefit the exploration of potential factors involved in the cognitive decline. Methods First, we performed principal component analysis on cognitive scores from 768 individuals across the schizophrenia spectrum, including first-degree relatives of patients, individuals at ultra-high risk, who had a first-episode psychosis, and chronic schizophrenia patients, alongside 124 healthy controls. The analysis provided 10 g-factors as global cognitive scores, validated through correlations with intelligence quotient and assessed for their sensitivity to the stages on the spectrum using analyses of variance. Second, using the g-factors, we explored potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in the schizophrenia spectrum using correlations with sociodemographic, clinical, and developmental data, and linear regressions with genotypic data, pooled through meta-analyses. Results The g-factors were highly correlated with intelligence quotient and with each other, confirming their validity. They presented significant differences between subgroups along the schizophrenia spectrum. They were positively correlated with educational attainment and the polygenic risk score (PRS) for cognitive performance, and negatively correlated with general psychopathology of schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental load, and the PRS for schizophrenia. Conclusions The g-factors appeared as valid estimators of global cognition, enabling discerning cognitive states within the schizophrenia spectrum. Educational attainment and genetics related to cognitive performance may have a positive influence on cognitive functioning, while general psychopathology of schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental load, and genetic liability to schizophrenia may have an adverse impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wounds have become a global healthcare burden owing to impaired angiogenesis and persistent infections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can improve diabetic wounds, though their targeting ability is limited. In this study, we investigated the performance of a novel hydrogel dressing comprised of gelatin methacryloyl, glycoengineered EVs, and polylysine in treating infected diabetic wounds. High‐throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and immunofluorescence staining revealed that E‐selectin (SELE) levels were higher in diabetic wounds than in non‐diabetic wounds. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were transfected with a lentivirus containing fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7) and a CD63‐P19‐Nluc vector to enhance the expression of sialyl Lewis X (sLeX), the ligand of E‐selectin, on the surface of EVs (s‐EVs) derived from transfected MSCs (s‐MSCs). s‐EVs can target human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under lipopolysaccharide stimulation and promote the function of stimulated HUVECs in vitro. To promote and sustain the release of s‐EVs, we fabricated a gelatin methacryloyl (Gel)/poly‐L‐lysine methacryloyl (PL)‐5 hydrogel with good antibacterial ability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties. In a mouse experiment, s‐EV@Gel/PL‐5 exhibited excellent angiogenesis and anti‐inflammatory abilities and further promoted the healing of infected diabetic wounds. Our findings demonstrated the potential of the s‐EV@Gel/PL‐5 hydrogel in the clinical treatment of diabetic infectious wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing based on satellites can provide long-term, consistent, and global coverage of NO2 (an important atmospheric air pollutant) as well as other trace gases. However, satellites often miss data due to factors including but not limited to clouds, surface features, and aerosols. Moreover, as one of the longest continuous observational platforms of NO2 , the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has suffered from missing data over certain rows since 2007, significantly reducing its spatial coverage. This work uses the OMI-based tropospheric NO2 (OMNO2) product as well as a NO2 product from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) in combination with machine learning (eXtreme Gradient Boosting – XGBoost) and spatial interpolation (data-interpolating empirical orthogonal function – DINEOF) methods to produce the 16-year global daily High Spatial–Temporal Coverage Merged tropospheric NO2 dataset (HSTCM- NO2 ; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10968462 ; Qin et al., 2024), which increases the average global spatial coverage of NO2 from 39.5 % to 99.1 %. The HSTCM- NO2 dataset is validated using upward-looking observations of NO2 (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy – MAX-DOAS), other satellites (the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument – TROPOMI), and reanalysis products. The comparisons show that HSTCM- NO2 maintains a good correlation with the magnitudes of other observational datasets, except for under heavily polluted conditions (> 6 × 1015 molec.cm-2). This work also introduces a new validation technique to validate coherent spatial and temporal signals (empirical orthogonal function – EOF) and confirms that HSTCM- NO2 is not only consistent with the original OMNO2 data but in some parts of the world also effectively fills in missing gaps and yields a superior result when analyzing long-range atmospheric transport of NO2. The few differences are also reported to be related to areas in which the original OMNO2 signal was very low, which has been shown elsewhere but not from this perspective, further confirming that applying a minimum cutoff to retrieved NO2 data is essential. The reconstructed data product can effectively extend the utilization value of the original OMNO2 data, and the data quality of HSTCM- NO2 can meet the needs of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tower cranes are widely applied in outdoor environments with inevitable external disturbances, which can reduce transportation efficiency and safety. To improve the transient control performance of the tower crane when transporting goods and to guarantee good robustness, this paper designs an adaptive sliding mode Anti-swing control method based on a nonlinear disturbance observer. Firstly, a 4-DOF tower crane error dynamics model considering external disturbances and air friction is established, and then, a nonlinear disturbance observer is designed to estimate the aggregate disturbance. Further, a disturbance effect indicator (DEI) is set to judge the advantages and disadvantages of the disturbance effect on the tower crane system from a new perspective. Finally, beneficial disturbance effects are organically combined with a sliding mode control method possessing an adaptive mechanism to eliminate payload swing by introducing favorable interference. Using Lyapunov stability analysis in conjunction with the LaSalle invariance principle, the closed-loop system is shown to be asymptotically stable. Simulation results show that the controller proposed in this paper achieves accurate positioning by driving the trolley and the jib, and at the same time, can keep the payload swing angle slight during the working process and eliminate the payload swing angle after accurate positioning. Moreover, it is also robust in the face of external disturbances and system parameter variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NPH3/RPT2‐Like (NRL) proteins, as blue light receptor phototropin‐interacting modules, regulate various aspects of physiological responses in light signaling. However, little information is available on NRL family members regulating plant immunity, especially concerning plants' late blight resistance to Phytophthora infestans. In this study, a systematical analysis of the potato NRL family was performed. In total, 35 StNRL genes were identified and phylogenetically classified into six subfamilies. Twelve StNRL genes were defined as seven pairs of segmental duplication, which was the major evolutionary driving force for StNRL expansion. Synteny analysis between the genomes of potato and Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato, and rice provided insights into evolutionary characteristics. Two StNRL family members, StNRL‐6 and StNRL‐7, interacted with the blue light photoreceptor Stphot1 and negatively regulated potato and Nicotiana benthamiana resistance against P. infestans. Moreover, the key motif RxSxS identified in the NRL family member is essential for StNRL‐6 to interact with Stphot1 and enhance plant susceptibility to P. infestans. This comprehensive analysis of the StNRL family provides valuable information to elucidate key molecular mechanisms on how blue light regulates plant immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]