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第3回極域科学シンポジウム 横断セッション「南極海季節的海氷域における生物地球化学」11月26日（月） 国立極地研究所 ３階ラウンジ

This paper shows that both anaphoricity and egocentric de se binding play a crucial role in the interpretation of tense in discourse. It uses the English backwards shifted reading of the past tense in a mistaken time scenario to bring out the tension between these two features. We provide a suitable representational framework for the observed clash in the form of an extension of DRT in which updates of the common ground are accompanied by updates of each relevant agent’s complex attitudinal state.

Negotiation represents a key form of interaction between providers and consumers in electronic markets. One of the main benefits of negotiation in e-commerce is that it enables greater customization to individual customer preferences, and it supports buyer decisions in settings which require agreements over complex contracts. Automating the negotiation process, through the use of intelligent agents which negotiate on behalf of their owners, enables electronic merchants to go beyond price competition by providing flexible contracts, tailored to the needs of individual buyers. Multi-issue (or multi-item) negotiation models are particularly useful for this task, since with multi-issue negotiations mutually beneficial ("win-win") contracts can be found [7, 9, 12, 13, 20]. In this chapter we consider the negotiation over the contents of a bundle of items (thus we use the term "multi-item" negotiation), though, at a conceptual level, the setting is virtually identical to previous work on multi-issue negotiation involving only binary-valued issues (e.g. [13]). A bottleneck in most existing approaches to automated negotiation is that they only deal with linearly additive utility functions, and do not consider high-dimensional negotiations and in particular, the problem of inter-dependencies between evaluations for different items. This is a significant problem, since identifying and exploiting substitutability/ complementarity effects between different items can be crucial in reaching mutually profitable deals.

Objective: The recently discovered apoAV is hypothesized to affect triglyceride metabolism by stimulating the lipolysis of triglycerides in VLDL and chylomicrons. We set out to determine the association between increased serum TG levels, plasma apoAV levels, and polymorphism of the APOA5 gene, with specific emphasis on the APOA5 S19W variation. This mutation alters the endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide and is hypothesized to impair apoAV secretion into the circulation. Methods and results: Two haplotype-tagging APOA5 polymorphisms, APOA5 S19W and APOA5 -1131T > C and plasma apoAV levels were determined in a population of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). As compared to a random control population, the allele frequencies of the APOA5 S19W and -1131T > C rare variants were significantly increased in HTG patients. Furthermore, the HTG population exhibited markedly elevated plasma apoAV levels that were positively correlated with serum TG levels. Plasma apoAV levels were positively correlated with occurrence of the APOA5 S19W rare variant. Conclusions: The increased allele frequencies of the APOA5 S19W and -1131T > C rare variants in the HTG population are in agreement with previous reports. Our data show a positive correlation between apoAV and TG levels. Moreover the finding of a positive association between apoAV levels and the APOA5 S19W rare variant is in disagreement with the hypothesis that this variant is poorly secreted. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. PLTP activity is elevated in patients with diabetes, a condition with strongly elevated risk for coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that statins reduce PLTP activity and to examine the potential role of apolipoprotein E (apoE). PLTP activity and apoE were measured in patients with type 2 diabetes from the DAM (Diabetes Atorvastatin Lipid Intervention) Study, a 30-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with atorvastatin (10 and 80 mg daily). At baseline, PLTP activity was positively correlated with waist circumference, HbAl. glucose, and apoE (all P

Aims Little is known about the regulation of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), that plays a key role in lipoprotein metabolism. PLTP secretion may be up-regulated by glucose in vitro, whereas plasma PLTP activity is decreased by exogenous hyperinsulinaemia and glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated the separate effects of hyperglycaemia and hypermsulinaemia in C-peptide-negative Type 1 diabetic patients. Methods The protocol was carried out in 16 patients (eight females). In each individual, plasma PLTP mass and activity (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liposome-high density lipoprotein system, respectively) as well as plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, lipids and apolipoprotein levels were determined at the end of four different glucose clamps, each lasting 210 min: standard insulin (30 mU/kg/h) and standard glucose (glucose 5.0 mmol/l) (SI-SG), standard insulin and high glucose (glucose 12 mmol/l) (SI-HG), high insulin (150 mU/kg/h) and standard glucose (HI-SG), and high insulin and high glucose (HI-HG). Results Plasma lipids and (apo)lipoproteins, measured at the end of the SI-HG, HI-SG and HI-HG clamps, were not significantly different compared with the levels obtained at the end of the SI-SG clamp. Median plasma PLTP mass and activity at the end of the SI-SG clamp were 12.8 mg/l and 13.2 eta mol/ml/h, respectively. Median plasma PLTP mass decreased by 9.1 % at the end of the HI-HG clamp (P