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The symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction (SAC/SAC-CI) method is used for studying the chemiluminescence in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution and the bioluminescence in the enzyme firefly luciferase (Luc). It is shown that the keto form of OxyL[H.sub.2] has produced red light in chemiluminescence and yellow-green in bioluminescence.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c(sub 551) and a series of its mutants exhibiting various thermostabilities are studied by paramagnetic (super 1)H NMR and cyclic voltammetry to elucidate the molecular mechanics responsible for control of the redox potentials [E(super o')] of the proteins. The study revealed that the [E(super o')] value of the protein is regulated by two molecular mechanisms operating independently of each other.

In this paper, the authors propose a fuzzy-optimization approach to dynamic economic dispatch, considering the uncertainties in deregulated energy and reserve markets. The methodology was developed from the viewpoint of a generation company wishing to maximize its own profit and to hedge its risks as a participant in the energy market and 10-min spinning reserve market. The uncertainties in the current paper were represented with fuzzy numbers, and consist of the demand and reserves required in each market, prices cleared in each market, and the probability that reserves are called upon in actual operation. The energy and reserve markets were coordinated by the generator ramp rate limits. The optimal amounts of power and reserve were determined by solving the optimization problem. Two reserve payment methods, payment for power delivered and payment for reserve allocated, were investigated in this paper. Index Terms--Competitive environment, deregulation, dynamic economic dispatch, fuzzy approach, restructured power system.

With the opening of the power industry to competition, the power system structure is changing. According to these changes, power system operation, planning, and control need modifications. In the past, utilities had to produce power to satisfy their customers with objective to minimize costs and all demand/reserve were met. However, it is not necessary in a restructured system. Under new structure, generation companies (GENCOs) schedule their generators with objective to maximize their own profit without regard for system social benefit. Power and reserve prices become important factors in decision process. This paper proposes a new tool, profit-based unit commitment (UC) considering power and reserve generatings. The proposed method helps GENCO to make a decision, how much power and reserve should be sold in markets, and how to schedule generators in order to receive the maximum profit. A hybrid method between Lagrange Relaxation (LR) and evolutionary programming (EP) is used for solving this problem. Simulations are carried out to show the performance of the proposed methodology. Index Terms--Competitive environment, deregulation, evolutionary programming, Lagrange relaxation, power system operation planning and control, profit-base unit commitment, restructured system.