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We report a manganese-catalyzed hydrosilylative reduction of various primary amides to amines (25 examples). On simple modification of the reaction conditions such as in the presence of a catalytic amount of secondary amide, the same catalyst can transform the primary amides into intermediate nitrile compounds (16 examples) in excellent yields. This is the first example where such a controlled catalytic transformation of primary amides to amines or nitriles with a single catalyst has been demonstrated.

The reduction of nitriles to primary amines using an inexpensive silane such as polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) is an industrially important reaction. Herein we report the synthesis of an earth-abundant Fe(III) complex bearing a phenalenyl-based ligand that was characterized by mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex showed excellent catalytic activity toward reduction of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic, and sterically crowded nitriles to produce primary amines using polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS).

This paper proposes a novel clustering algorithm for static passive sensor measurement association. The algorithm clusters line of sight (LOS) measurements based on the valid solutions of pairwise triangulation between measurements of different sensors. Each valid triangulation solution will give a range value along the LOS as possible target location. Clusters are formed based on the pairwise distance between these range values. The criteria for the validity of a triangulation solution and cluster formation depend on the measurement noise of sensors and geometry of possible target and sensor locations. Intensity of space intersection and association cost of each cluster are used to select association solutions among available clusters. Several algorithms for passive sensor measurement association exist in literature like S-D assignment, Seq(2-D), $\mathrm{S}_{o}-\mathrm{D}+\text{Seq}(2-\mathrm{D})$ and algorithms based on intensity of space intersection, however, they are still cumbersome to be implemented in real time. An effort has been made through this novel algorithm to reduce computation time for a feasible real time implementation.

Diaminocyclohexane-Pt(II)-phenalenyl complexes (1 and 2) showed an appropriate balance between efficacy and toxicity. Compound 2 showed nearly two-fold higher tumour growth inhibition than oxaliplatin in a murine NSCLC tumour model, when a combined drug development approach was used. The fluorescent properties of phenalenone were utilized to understand the mechanistic details of the drug.

Lead-free ferroelectric 0.7Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.3(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-BCT) ceramics have been prepared by sol-gel auto combustion technique. XRD pattern reveals the realization of single phase material. Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns confirms the rhombohedral structure having space group R3m. FESEM micrograph shows a highly dense microstructure. The effect of electrical poling on ferroelectric properties and leakage current behavior discussed in detail. The variation of leakage current with the electric field is in consistent with the space charge conduction mechanism.

Piezoelectric and other physical properties are significantly enhanced at (or near) a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in ferroelectrics. MPB materials have attracted significant attention owing to both fundamental physics as well as the possibility of well-regulated energy and information storage devices which are dominated by lead (Pb)-based materials. Here, we report the crystal structure, Raman spectra, dielectric constant and polarization near the MPB of lead free (1 - x) Na

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity of the crude methanolic extract from the soft coral Sarcophyton flexuosum Tixier-Durivault was assayed. The crude methanolic extract of S. flexuosum collected from Lakshadweep Island showed significant potential in antioxidant activity. GC-MS analysis of the hexane and chloroform extracts of S. flexuosum revealed the presence of 27 compounds belonging to five major groups including esters, hydrocarbons, carbonyls, ethers, and alcohols. In these compounds, fatty acid esters were found to be the major chemical group, followed by hydrocarbons, ethers, carbonyls, and alcohols. Among the compounds identified, butyl butyrate, methyl palmitate, methyl (9E)-9-octadecenoate, propanoic acid butyl ester, undecane, 2-ethyl-hexan-1-ol and isosteviol were found to be pharmacologically important, based on their reported activity.

The objective of this research was to gain the better understanding of hardness and impact strength of polymer blended hybrid nanocomposites in which the polyester/vinylester were mixed together to bring out the modified blended solution and it was loaded with nanoclay and carbon fiber. Hardness and impact strength were increased up to 5 wt.% clay loading, and decreases further increasing of clay content. Nanocomposites were prepared by using hand layup process and 9 wt.% of carbon fiber commonly used in all nanocomposites. Mechanical stirrer and ultra sonicator (Probe type) were used to mix clay uniformly into the modified solution. It was observed from the SEM analysis that, due to the addition of clay particles composite transformed from brittle to ductile nature and it is cumulative at 5 wt.% clay and after that void formed due to high clay content made it very difficult to mix the clay uniformly as a result of that voids are formed in the composite and these voids can be seen in the 6 wt.% clay. For 4 wt.% clay loading thermal stability was significantly improved up to 332 °C, and the glass transition temperature was improved to 3 °C when compared with 2 and 3 wt.% clay loaded samples. The proposed reaction curing mechanism of the isothalic based polyester and epoxidized novolac vinyl ester resin was found to be well suitable for blend systems confirmed by FT IR analysis.

Fishes are always exposed to various environmental stresses and the chances of succumbing to such stresses are of great physiological concern. Any change in temperature from the ambient condition can induce various metabolic and physiological changes in the body. The present study evaluates the effects of temperature induced stress on the antioxidant profile of Etroplus suratensis such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation. Fishes of same size were kept in a thermostatized bath at three different temperature regimes viz 16 °C, 27 °C (ambient temperature) and 38 °C for 72 h. These temperatures were selected based on the CT Max (Critical Thermal Maximum) and CT Min (Critical Thermal Minimum) exhibited by E. suratensis. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was found maximum in brain and muscle respectively during the 48th hour of exposure in fishes kept at 38 °C. At 16 °C the antioxidant response of glutathione peroxidase was maximum in muscles, whereas the lipid peroxidation rate was found to be high in gills compared to other tissues. The profound increase in the levels of oxidative stress related biomarkers indicate that the thermal stressors severely affected oxidative state of E. suratensis by the second day of experiment. Such down-regulation of redox state accompanied with the induction of oxidative stress cascade may lead to physiological damage in various tissues in fishes, in vivo. However current data indicate that a transition to low and high temperature environment from ambient condition severely affected the levels and profile of the antioxidant markers overtime in E. suratensis.

The present numerical study shows that the effectiveness of flow separation control using Electro-Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (EMHD) method can be improved by choosing the dimensions of the actuator based on the Reynolds number and the shape of the model studied. The width of the electrode/magnet for most effective flow separation control should be approximately 2.5 times the boundary layer thickness, which in turn is dependent on the Reynolds number. The length of the EMHD actuator for most effective flow separation control can be the shortest based on manufacturing constraints as well as on the possibility of shifting of separation point. The application of Lorentz force inside the boundary layer near the separation point provides the most effective flow separation control. The studies are done for flow over a cylinder in low Reynolds number regime (Reynolds number = 200) and for flow over an elliptical airfoil in high Reynolds number regime (Reynolds number = 1.6 x 10(5)).

Methacrylamide was grafted on to poly (isophthalamide) (PIPA-g-MAA) to improve its solubility and hydrophilicity. Then, PIPA-g-MAA incorporated high performance cellulose acetate ultrafiltration (CA) membranes were prepared by phase inversion technique and physical properties of the membranes were studied by various analytical methods. The efficiency of these membranes in the removal of arsenic from aqueous stream was studied and an effort has been taken to correlate the separation efficiency with morphology. Overall results suggest that membrane hydrophilicity, structure and performance were improved significantly by the addition of PIPA-g-MAA. Thus PIPA-g-MAA can be considered as an effective modification agent for CA membranes.

Background: There was an outbreak of acute hepatitis in Mylapore village, Kollam district, Kerala, southern India during February to June 2013. An outbreak investigation was initiated with the objective of describing the epidemiological features of the hepatitis outbreak. Materials and Methods: House-to-house visits were undertaken to identify symptomatic cases. The outbreak was described in terms of person, place and time. Hypothesis was generated based on findings from descriptive study, laboratory investigation of water samples, and environmental observations. A case-control study was designed to test the hypothesis. Chi-square test, univariate analysis, and logistic regression to identify the risk factors associated with hepatitis A infection were done. Results: Line list generated consisted of 45 cases. Attack rate was the highest among the age group 15-24 years (4.6%) followed by 5-14 years (3.1%). The geographical distribution of the cases suggested a clustering around the water supply through the pipeline and epidemic curve showed a sharp rise in cases suggestive of a common source outbreak. Water samples collected form pipeline showed evidence of fecal contamination and absence of residual chlorine. In the case-control study, having consumed water from the pipeline (odds ratio: 9.01 [95% confidence interval: 2.16-37.61]) was associated with the hepatitis A cases. Conclusion: The time frame of disease occurrence, environmental observations, anecdotal evidences, laboratory results and results of the analytical study indicated the possibility of occurrence of hepatitis A outbreak as a result of pipe water contamination supplied from a bore well. The study warrants establishment of an efficient water quality surveillance system.

This paper presents the study of the tensile properties of Sansevieria trifasciata – fiber (here after called STF) reinforced polyester composites. The composite sample was fabricated with five different fiber lengths of STF (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm). The fabrication was made by hand lay-up technique. Mechanical properties were determined using tensile testing. An interact between fiber and matrix was observed from the SEM (scanning electron microscope) micrographs. The study reveals that the tensile strength increased with fiber length without effecting the elongation at break of the composite.

Tourism is growing to be an important source of income for ASEAN countries. There are many factors that affect the inflow of tourists to a country. Two models, namely, one-way Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and one-way Random Effect Model (REM) are employed to understand the impact of various factors on tourism inflow in ASEAN associated countries. Data from 2007–2014 are analyzed towards this purpose. Due to unavailability of data on one country, we are analyzing 9 countries out of 10 member countries of ASEAN association. Results indicate that Technological Advancement, Crime Rate and transportation facility in member countries of ASEAN association affects the tourism in ASEAN Countries.

Piezoelectric and other physical properties are significantly enhanced at (or near) a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in ferroelectrics. MPB materials have attracted significant attention owing to both fundamental physics as well as the possibility of well-regulated energy and information storage devices which are dominated by lead (Pb)-based materials. Here, we report the crystal structure, Raman spectra, dielectric constant and polarization near the MPB of lead free (1 - x) Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 - x BaTiO3 (0.00 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.10) solid-solution, prepared by sol-gel auto combustion technique and sintered by microwave sintering technique. With the addition of BaTiO3 into Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, it induces a structural phase transition from R3c (a single phase) to R3c + P4mm (a dual phase) close to x = 0.06 and 0.07 and transform to a high symmetry tetragonal phase P4mm at higher compositions (x = 0.08 to 0.10) as evident from our x-ray Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopic results. We perform first-principles calculations based on density functional theory that confirm a structural transition from a rhombohedral to a tetragonal phase under increasing x. In the prepared solid solution, an anomalous enhancement of remnant polarization ([Formula: see text]) was observed for x = 0.06 and 0.07, which has been explained based on the existence of the MPB. On the other hand, the value of coercive field [Formula: see text] was found to be decreased linearly from x = 0.00 to 0.06; it is constant for higher compositions. Further details of the ferroelectric properties on the electric field poled samples have been studied and compared with the as-grown (unpoled) samples.

Polymeric membranes intended to be used in protein separation must be fouling resistant in order to reduce the interactions with proteins during operation. Therefore, cellulose acetate (CA) membranes with superior properties were prepared by phase inversion technique using high-performance thermoplastic poly(amide-imide) (PAI) as the modification agent. The prepared membranes were characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), molecular weight cutoff, and pore size to investigate the influence of PAI on the properties of the resultant membranes. Intermolecular interactions between the components in blend membranes were established by ATR-FTIR and SEM analysis showed that the blend CA membranes have thinner top layer and higher porosity in the sublayer. These prepared membranes were subjected to the separation of proteins such as bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, pepsin, and trypsin. Th...

Impurity photovoltaic effect(IPV) is one of the attempts to improve efficiency of solar cells and is the idea of exploiting three step generation via impurity states within the band gap to utilize sub-band gap photons. The three transitions are of electrons from valence band (VB) to conduction band (CB), valence band to impurity level and impurity level to conduction band. In the present simulation, we have used the p + nn + structure in order to achieve higher photogenerated current and efficiency without loosing the open circuit voltage. Compared to other group-III elements in silicon solar cell, Indium is the most suitable material to achieve higher benefit in IPV. In this simulation, the model of IPV is considered to achieve the maximum benefit from the impurity state in a solar cell. To simulate we have used the one dimensional simulation program, SCAPS-1D. Again light trapping is an important part of IPV solar cell that has been considered in this simulation. Using IPV we have numerically demonstrated, an increase in efficiency, by 2.79% over that without-IPV effect and a 3.23% increase over the efficiency, 30.9% as reported by Schmeits and Mani [1] .

The compounds [(dppf)Cu(L)](BF4) (1[BF4]) [dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphanylferrocene), L = N-(2-methyl-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)acetamide] and [(acac)2Ru(L)] (2) (acac = acetylacetonato) were prepared from the reactions of [Cu(dppf)(CH3CN)2](BF4) or [Ru(acac)2(CH3CN)2], respectively with L. Structural characterization of 1[BF4] shows a distorted tetrahedral coordinated copper center. Both complexes show one-electron reversible oxidation as well as reduction processes in their cyclic voltammogram. The first oxidation process of 1[BF4] leads to absorptions at around 900 nm in the UV/Vis/NIR spectrum and results in an EPR silent species up to 110 K thus indicating a dppf-centered oxidation. The reduction processes of 1[BF4] show features in the UV/Vis/NIR, IR as well as EPR spectrum that are compatible with L-centered redox processes. In contrast to this, the ruthenium complex 2 shows metal-centered spin in both the one-electron oxidized as well as reduced forms. These results show that the copper center does not participate in the redox processes in 1[BF4] whereas the ruthenium center participates strongly in the electron-transfer processes in 2. Results obtained from electrochemistry as well as from UV/Vis/NIR, IR, and EPR spectroelectrochemistry are invoked to show the noninnocent nature of L in these complexes as well as the more relative importance of metal–L covalency in 2 as compared to 1[BF4].

A numerical study is conducted in an annular duct formed by a SS316 circular tube with electrically conducting walls and a coaxial heater pin, with liquid Lithium as the working fluid for magnetic field ranging from 0 to 1 T. The Hartmann and Stuart number of the study ranges from 0 to 700 and 0 to 50 respectively. The Reynolds number of the study is 104. It was shown that the convective heat transfer and hence the Nusselt number decreases near the walls perpendicular to the magnetic field due to reduction in turbulent fluctuations with increase of magnetic field. It was observed that the Nusselt number value increases near the walls parallel to the magnetic field as the mean velocity increase near the walls. A singular rise was observed near both the walls near Stuart number ∼10 which is due to the increase of turbulence levels in the process of changing from turbulent to electromagnetically laminarized flow. When a very low Reynolds number ∼300 is used, the reduction in Nusselt number near the perpendicular walls is less. This shows that the reduction in Nusselt number near the perpendicular walls for the high Reynolds number study is due to the reduction in turbulent fluctuations. The Nusselt number was found to increase near the parallel walls as the mean velocity increases near the walls. When an insulating duct is used the Nusselt number near the parallel walls did not increase for the case with insulating walls as in the case with conducting walls showing the contribution of the ‘M’ shaped velocity profile in the Nusselt number increase near the parallel walls. The Nusselt number near the perpendicular walls was found to decrease at a higher rate in case of insulating walls than that of the study with conducting walls.

In today's fast moving world, it is a challenge to continuously maintain, improve the quality and efficiency of software systems development. In many software projects, testing is neglected because of time or cost constraint which leads to lack of product quality. Test automation reduces the future maintenance efforts and cost significantly. Automated test suite can run fast and frequently, which is cost-effective for software products with a long maintenance life. It also increases the test coverage with very low cost. The Main objective of the paper is to find out the process for test script design and execution as well as failure analysis of the scripts. In this paper types of failures has been defined as per the defined hybrid framework. Quality of test cases is determined by their ability to uncover as many errors as possible in the web application. After execution, for fail test scripts our method can find out whether the failure is a valid issue or a false positive. There are many types of failures which come under false positive.

A rare example of a mononuclear complex [(bpy)2 Ru(L(1) -H )](ClO4 ), 1(ClO4 ) and dinuclear complexes [(bpy)2 Ru(μ-L(1) -2H )Ru(bpy)2 ](ClO4 )2 , 2(ClO4 )2 , [(bpy)2 Ru(μ-L(2) -2H )Ru(bpy)2 ](ClO4 )2 , 3(ClO4 )2 , and [(bpy)2 Ru(μ-L(3) -2H )Ru(bpy)2 ](ClO4 )2 , 4(ClO4 )2 (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, L(1) =2,5-di-(isopropyl-amino)-1,4-benzoquinone, L(2) =2,5-di-(benzyl-amino)-1,4-benzoquinone, and L(3) =2,5-di-[2,4,6-(trimethyl)-anilino]-1,4-benzoquinone) with the symmetrically substituted p-quinone ligands, L, are reported. Bond-length analysis within the potentially bridging ligands in both the mono- and dinuclear complexes shows a localization of bonds, and binding to the metal centers through a phenolate-type "O(-) " and an immine/imminium-type neutral "N" donor. For the mononuclear complex 1(ClO4 ), this facilitates strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding and leads to the imminium-type character of the noncoordinated nitrogen atom. The dinuclear complexes display two oxidation and several reduction steps in acetonitrile solutions. In contrast, the mononuclear complex 1(+) exhibits just one oxidation and several reduction steps. The redox processes of 1(1+) are strongly dependent on the solvent. The one-electron oxidized forms 2(3+) , 3(3+) , and 4(3+) of the dinuclear complexes exhibit strong absorptions in the NIR region. Weak NIR absorption bands are observed for the one-electron reduced forms of all complexes. A combination of structural data, electrochemistry, UV/Vis/NIR/EPR spectroelectrochemistry, and DFT calculations is used to elucidate the electronic structures of the complexes. Our DFT results indicate that the electronic natures of the various redox states of the complexes in vacuum differ greatly from those in a solvent continuum. We show here the tuning possibilities that arise upon substituting [O] for the isoelectronic [NR] groups in such quinone ligands.

This paper proposes an improved charge pump circuit for low voltage RFID applications. The architecture of charge transfer switch based dynamic charge pump has been modified to provide higher output voltage than existing one. This has been achieved by replacing the diode with a charge transfer block at the last stage of the dynamic CTS charge pump. The modified charge pump eliminates the threshold voltage loss and the effects of leakage currents. A 10-stage charge pump circuit with each pumping capacitance of 1pF is designed and simulated with an input voltage of 1V and clock frequency of 500MHz. The proposed charge-pump circuit is designed and simulated by Cadence virtuoso with UMC 0.18-μm CMOS technology parameters.

Redox active quinonoid ligands and their metal complexes are gaining increasing attention because of their wide importance in inorganic, organic, physical and even in bio-chemistry. In this doctoral thesis structural and electronic properties of mono- and dinuclear ruthenium complexes of non-innocent quinonoid bridging ligands have been investigated. Additionally, the thesis covers the straightforward, one-pot and green synthesis of symmetrically and rare asymmetrically substituted biologically relevant p-quinone ligands with different steric and electronic properties. The N-substituents in the ligands are used to tune the structural and electronic properties of their metal complexes.The properties of symmetric and asymmetric non-innocent quinoid ligand systems such as redox, electron transfer, structures, bonding and delocalization of the π-systems have been investigated in their mono- and dinuclear metal complexes., Redoxaktive chinoide Liganden und deren Metallkomplexe gewinnen zusehends an Aufmerksamkeit aufgrund ihrer umfangreichen Wichtigkeit in Anorganischer, Organischer, Physikalischer und sogar Biochemie. In dieser Doktorarbeit wurden strukturelle und elektronische Eigenschaften von ein- und zweikernigen Rutheniumkomplexen mit 'nicht-unschuldigen' chinoiden Brückenliganden untersucht. Zusätzlich deckt diese Arbeit die direkte, 'grüne' Eintopfreaktion von symmetrisch und seltenen asymmetrisch substituierten, biologisch relevanten p-Chinon-Liganden mit unterschiedlicher Sterik und elektronischen Eigenschaften ab.Die Eigenschaften symmetrischen und asymmetrischen non-innocent quinoid Ligandensysteme wie Elektronenübertragung, Strukturen, Bindung und Delokalisierung der π-Systeme, wurden untersucht in Form ihrer Ein- und Zweikernmetallkomplexe.

Liquid metals are considered to be the most promising coolants for high temperature applications like nuclear fusion reactors because of the inherent high thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and hence excellent heat transfer characteristics. The coolant used in nuclear reactor should have high heat extraction rate. The high melting point and boiling point which eliminates the possibility of local boiling makes liquid metals more attractive to high temperature applications. The thermal entrance length of liquid metals are relatively high leading to flow never reaching fully developed condition which is always advantageous for heat transfer applications as the Nusselt number value is higher in a developing flow than a fully developed flow. The molecular properties of liquid metals are such that the thermal diffusion is faster than momentum diffusion having Prandtl number << 1. The thermal boundary layer for liquid metal flow is not only confined to the near wall region but also extends to the turbulent core region which makes the turbulent structures important in transfer of heat. As turbulence plays an important role in transfer of heat from the viscous sub-layer to the core flow, it is necessary to maintain high turbulence to achieve high convective heat transfer rates. It may also be noted that surrounding magnetic fields reduce the turbulence and flow becomes more streamlined. Lithium is the lightest of all metals and has the highest specific heat per unit mass. Lithium is characterized by large thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, low viscosity, low vapor pressure as shown in table 1. Lithium is the most promising coolant for thermonuclear power installations. Tritium is a component of fusionable fuel. Tritium does not occur in nature in large amounts and is unstable with its half life 12 years. Tritium can be obtained from lithium with nuclear reactions in fission nuclear reactors or blankets of fusion reactors. Thus, lithium provides raw nuclear fuel to implement fusion reaction.

The compounds 2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-anilino]-5-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (L(1)), 2,5-di-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-anilino]-1,4-benzoquinone (L(2)), 2-[2-(methylthio)-anilino]-5-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (L(3)), and 2,5-di-[2-(methylthio)-anilino]-1,4-benzoquinone (L(4)) were prepared in high yields by reacting 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone with the corresponding amines in a one-pot synthesis in refluxing acetic acid. This straightforward and "green" synthesis delivers biologically relevant asymmetric p-quinones such as L(1) and L(3) in a rare, simple, one-step process. The proposed synthetic route is general and can be applied to generate a variety of such molecules with different substituents on the nitrogen atoms. Structural characterization of L(2) and L(4) shows electron delocalization across the "upper" and "lower" parts of the molecule, thus showing the importance of charge separated species in the proper description of such molecules. Reactions of these ligands with [Cl(η(6)-Cym)Ru(μ-Cl)(2)Ru(η(6)-Cym)Cl] (Cym = p-Cymene = 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-benzene) in the presence of a base result in the formation of complexes [{Cl(η(6)-Cym)Ru}(2)(μ-L(-2H)(1))] (1), [{Cl(η(6)-Cym)Ru}(2)(μ-L(-2H)(2))] (2), [{Cl(η(6)-Cym)Ru}(2)(μ-L(-2H)(3))] (3), and [{Cl(η(6)-Cym)Ru}(2)(μ-L(-2H)(4))] (4). Structural characterization of 2 and 4 shows a rare syn-coordination of the chloride atoms. The SMe groups in 3 and 4 are not coordinated to the ruthenium center, and the bridging ligands thus function in a bis-bidentate form. Abstraction of the chloride atoms in these complexes with AgClO(4) in CH(3)CN results in the expected formation of solvent substituted complexes [{(CH(3)CN)(η(6)-Cym)Ru}(2)(μ-L(-2H)(1))][ClO(4)](2) (5[ClO(4)](2)) and [{(CH(3)CN)(η(6)-Cym)Ru}(2)(μ-L(-2H)(2))][ClO(4)](2) (6[ClO(4)](2)) with the ligands where there are no additional donor atoms on the nitrogen substituents. The same chloride abstraction reaction in the cases of 3 and 4 leads to an unprecedented substituent induced release of the Cym ligand, resulting in complexes of the form [(CH(3)CN)(η(6)-Cym)Ru(μ-L(-2H)(3))Ru(CH(3)CN)(3)][ClO(4)](2) (7[ClO(4)](2)) and [{(CH(3)CN)(3)Ru}(2)(μ-L(-2H)(4))][ClO(4)](2) (8[ClO(4)](2)), where the SMe groups are now coordinated to the metal center. In the case of complex 3, which contains an asymmetric bridging ligand, Cym release is observed only at the side that contains an additional SMe donor, thus proving the necessity of such donor substituents for the observed reactivity. The increase in Lewis acidity at the ruthenium center on chloride abstraction is made responsible for SMe coordination and the rigidity of the ligand systems, and their concomitant failure to coordinate in a "fac" manner as is required for a piano stool configuration results in the eventual Cym release. The bridging ligand which then coordinates in a bis-meridional fashion in 8[ClO(4)](2) results in a bis-pincer type of coordination. These observations were validated by a structural analysis of 8[ClO(4)](2). The results show the potential hemilabile character of ligands such as L(3) and L(4). Electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations are reported on 8[ClO(4)](2), and substitution reactions of the CH(3)CN molecules are presented to show the use of 8[ClO(4)](2) as a versatile precursor for other reactions.