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Hintergrund: In der ambulanten Versorgung ist der Großteil der SARS-CoV-2 PCR-Tests negativ. Da dies mit einem enormen Einsatz von Ressourcen einhergeht, wäre eine gezieltere Testung auf eine Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 sinnvoll. Fragestellung: Es soll die diagnostische Genauigkeit von klinischen [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Hintergrund: Im Frühjahr 2020 zweifelte eine Minderheit der Bevölkerung an der Gefährlichkeit von COVID-19 und protestierte gegen die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie. Inwieweit Hausärzt*innen kritische Sichtweisen teilten, ist unbekannt. Fragestellung: Wie [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Hintergrund: Im Jahr 2017 wurde das Kompetenzzentrum Weiterbildung Allgemeinmedizin Bayern (KWAB) gegründet, um die Qualität der fachärztlichen Weiterbildung durch das zusätzliche Angebot von Seminar- und Mentoring-Programmen sowie regelmäßig für Dozierende durchgeführte [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Purpose Impaired paravascular drainage of β-Amyloid (Aβ) has been proposed as a contributing cause for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as decreased cerebral blood vessel pulsatility and subsequently reduced propulsion in this pathway could lead to the accumulation and deposition of Aβ in the brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that there is an increased impairment in pulsatility across AD spectrum. Patients and Methods Using transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) the resistance and pulsatility index (RI; PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in healthy controls (HC, n=14) and patients with AD dementia (ADD, n=12) were measured. In a second step, we extended the sample by adding patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stratified by the presence (MCI-AD, n=8) or absence of biomarkers (MCI-nonAD, n=8) indicative for underlying AD pathology, and compared RI and PI across the groups. To control for atherosclerosis as a confounder, we measured the arteriolar-venular-ratio of retinal vessels. Results Left and right RI (p=0.020; p=0.027) and left PI (p=0.034) differed between HC and ADD controlled for atherosclerosis with AUCs of 0.776, 0.763, and 0.718, respectively. The RI and PI of MCI-AD tended towards ADD, of MCI-nonAD towards HC, respectively. RIs and PIs were associated with disease severity (p=0.010, p=0.023). Conclusion Our results strengthen the hypothesis that impaired pulsatility could cause impaired amyloid clearance from the brain and thereby might contribute to the development of AD. However, further studies considering other factors possibly influencing amyloid clearance as well as larger sample sizes are needed.

BACKGROUND: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) and drug-eluting stents (DES) represent the currently recommended treatments for in-stent restenosis (ISR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows detailed neointimal characterisation which can guide treatment strategies. AIMS: The aims of this study were first, to assess the relation between neointimal pattern and clinical outcomes following in-stent restenosis (ISR) treatment, and second, to explore a potential interaction between neointimal pattern and treatment modality relative to clinical outcomes. METHODS: Patients undergoing OCT-guided treatment (DCB or DES) of ISR in three European centres were included. Based on the median of distribution of non-homogeneous neointima quadrants, patients were categorised into low and high inhomogeneity groups. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients (low inhomogeneity=100 and high inhomogeneity=97) were included. There were no significant differences in terms of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (p=0.939) or target lesion revascularisation (TLR) (p=0.732) between the two groups. The exploratory analysis showed a significant interaction between neointimal pattern and treatment modality regarding MACE (pint=0.006) and TLR (pint=0.022). DES showed a significant advantage over DCB in the high (MACE: HR 0.26 [0.10-0.65], p=0.004; TLR: HR 0.28 [0.11-0.69], p=0.006), but not in the low inhomogeneity group (MACE: p=0.917; TLR: p=0.797). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ISR treated with DCB or DES, there were no significant differences in terms of MACE or TLR between the low and high inhomogeneity groups. A significant interaction was observed between treatment modality and neointimal pattern with an advantage of DES over DCB in the high and no difference in the low inhomogeneity group. This warrants confirmation from prospective dedicated studies.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-mdm-10.1177_0272989X21989692 for Educational Intervention Reduced Family Medicine Residents’ Intention to Request Diagnostic Tests: Results of a Controlled Trial by Antonius Schneider, Markus Bühner, Therese Herzog, Siona Laverty, Stefanie Ziehfreund, Alexander Hapfelmeier, Dagmar Schneider, Pascal O. Berberat and Marco Roos in Medical Decision Making

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-ctj-10.1177_1740774520984866 for A systematic review of subgroup analyses in randomised clinical trialsin cardiovascular disease by Korbinian J Brand, Alexander Hapfelmeier and Bernhard Haller in Clinical Trials

Additional file 1. Questionnaire.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ctj-10.1177_1740774520984866 for A systematic review of subgroup analyses in randomised clinical trialsin cardiovascular disease by Korbinian J Brand, Alexander Hapfelmeier and Bernhard Haller in Clinical Trials

Additional file 1 Supplementary information. This document includes the following supplementary information: supplementary methods, supplementary figures, supplementary tables, supplementary reference list.

Additional file 3 Review history.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Results of the Random Forest and AdaBoost procedures for different sets of variables included. The table shows the variables in the rank order of importance according to the criterion of the mean decrease in accuracy (Random Forest) and the importance measure defined in the AdaBoost procedure. The overall classification error refers to 10-fold cross-validation in the case of AdaBoost and CHAID. SGRQ4 “I have attacks of wheezing”, SGRQ5 “How many attacks of chest trouble did you have during the last year?”, SGRQ8, “How would you describe your chest condition?”, SGRQ11 sub-item 5 “I have become frail or an invalid because of my chest”, SGRQ12 sub-item 1 “I take a long time to get washed or dressed”, SGRQ12 sub-item 3 “I walk slower than other people, or I stop for rests”, SGRQ12 sub-item 4 “Jobs such as housework take a long time, or I have to stop for rests”, SGRQ13 sub-item 1 “I cannot play sports or games”, SGRQ14 “How does your chest trouble affect you? Table S2. Technical details of the CT assessment. The acquisition protocol is given in the upper part and details on the scanner models in the lower part of the table. *Vendor-specific generic names for Siemens/GE/Philips. Table S3. Items from the “St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire” (SGRQ) that turned out to be informative in the single decision trees. Table S4. Items from the COPD Assessment test (CAT). Table S5. Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale. This self-rating questionnaire is used to measure the degree of disability that breathlessness poses on day-to-day activities on a scale from 0 to 4.

Most research articles presenting new data analysis methods claim that “the new method performs better than existing methods,” but the veracity of such statements is questionable. Our manuscript discusses and illustrates consequences of the optimistic bias occurring during the evaluation of novel data analysis methods, that is, all biases resulting from, for example, selection of datasets or competing methods, better ability to fix bugs in a preferred method, and selective reporting of method variants. We quantitatively investigate this bias using an example from epigenetic analysis: normalization methods for data generated by the Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip microarray. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s13059-021-02365-4).