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The research group Foodscapes Innovation and Networks has addressed integrated food studies issues in re-search and education since 2010. Based on experiences in the group, this paper aims at discussing the chal-lenges, learning outcomes and potentials for pushing an integrated thinking into research and education. It also addresses the challenges in integration when the methodological approaches and theoretical frameworks chosen are ontologically and epistemologically different. A discussion of the limitations of integration is thus also part of the paper.The conceptual framework of ontonorms (Mol, 2013) is suggested as a common point of departure for a further development of integration. This is suggested relevant due to the fact that it forces different traditions to reflect their own value-related basis and discuss implications of this approach in a broader sense. The common values have been identified to be sustainability, healthy and better food, food systems change and enhanced food experiences. An approach that qualifies the discussions of ontological differences is suggested by Mol (2013) with the term ontonorms emphasizing that all ontological assumptions are embedded in scientific norms (what is good or bad science) and traditions (how do we see the world) rather than being based in the essentialist static and objective worldview of ontology in singular. Thus, what is considered ‘good’ and ‘proper’ obviously differs within different disciplines, but is often based on implicit normativities that can make it difficult to address the differences openly and constructively.

The proceedings contain 36 papers. The topics discussed include: using patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in cancer care; validation of the long-term conditions questionnaire (LTCQ) in a diverse sample of health and social care users in England; the national institutes of health patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS): a view from the UK; constructing and validating the short recovering quality of life (ReQoL) measure for use in a mental health population; developing preference based measures for diabetes for calculating QALYs: DHP-3D and DHP-5D; development of a novel patient reported outcome measure for patients with haematological malignancy: a qualitative study; and examining the relevance of PROMs to patients: a review of qualitative data capturing which HRQoL domains are important to patients.

Drawing on a recent doctoral research project that examined the everyday life perspectives during kindergarten mealtime, this paper discusses the methodological issues related to the concepts of child and adult perspectives during mealtime, and to the children’s participation in research. Through the paper, we take part in a critical discussion of the dichotomization of child and adult perspectives (Lee, 2001; Spyrou, 2011; Wyness, 2013). Instead, we suggest to approach perspectives as something that is created through situated interactions between human and nonhuman elements. We argue that perspectives could be studied as constructed from a net of human, material, and discursive elements. In doing so, we also question children’s participation in research as a source for production of knowledge that is more authentic than that produced by adults (Gallacher & Gallagher, 2008; Lomax, 2012). Hence, the kindergarten mealtime will provide the arena for discussing methodological issues that are relevant beyond studies on food and meals.International Research in Early Childhood Education, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 33–48

This thesis addresses critiques of neuroscientific claims about innate and hardwired differences in male and female brains and investigates their normative implications. Neuroscience enjoys great authority when it comes to explaining human behaviour, not least due to its seeming objectivity. This thesis scrutinizes the methodology and implicit assumptions that leads to the brainsex theory. It problematizes its use of binary distinctions, as they function as both predictor and result in a way that obstructs paths to greater gender equality. By deploying poststructuralist feminist epistemology and concepts drawn from neuroscientific research to fashion an ethical response, I argue that the view - and language of differences, both neuronal and behavioral - can be dramatically transformed, making visible differences that have been obscured within a frame of comprehension that allows only two complementary - and ontologically different - sexes. In my conjoinment of feminist theory with critiques from a variety of fields, including neuropsychology and biology, I investigate the potential of cross-disciplinary cooperation on the topic of sex/gender differences and human behaviour that might lead research to a different place and enable greater scope for culturally intelligible diversity.

This file contains the following: Table S1: a table with FISH data of TOP1/CEN-20 and TOP2A/CEN-17, TOP1/CEN-20 analyses of 52 human breast cancer cell lines. Figure S1: correlations between TOP1 copynumbers from FISH and SNP analyses, and correlation between TOP1 copy numbers and gene expression, presentation of 9 breast cancer cell lines with regards to TOP1 copy numbers, ER and HER2 status and the sensitivity to SN-38. Figure S2: consistency between Top1 protein levels and TOP1 copy numbers, Top1 enzymatic activity in 9 breast cancer cell lines and the influence of SN-38 on Top1 enzymatic activity, dose–response of 9 breast cancer cell lines to SN-38 and IC50 values. Figure S3: MTT data demonstration that the the acquired and de novo SN-38 resitant cell lines are resistant when grown in the concentration of SN-38 at which the the development of resistance was terminated. Figure S4: Growth curves of the SN-38 resistant cell lines in comparison to their parental and DMSO controls. Figure S5: Cell cycle distribution of resistant cell lines in comparison to their respective DMSO controls. Figure S6: Sensitivity to SN-38 in docetaxel resistant breast cancer cell lines. Figure S7: Global expression analysis showing sample clustering, the number of differentially expressed genes between resistant and wild type DMSO control cell lines and Enrichment of Gene Ontology Molecular Function. Figure S8: Western blotting of Top2a in SN-38 resistant cell lines in comparison to their respective controls. Figure S9: Nannocapillary analysis of Top1 and β-actin in SN-38 resistant MCF7 and MCF7 control cells. Figure S10: Western blotting of ID3 in SN-38 resistant MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells and their controls cells. (PDF 757 kb)

The Scandinavian brown bear population was persecuted in the last half of the 1800s and almost went extinct. They got protected in Sweden in 1927 and in Norway in 1973, and have since reached a level that can be hunted. The bears choose areas with as little human activity as possible, but dangerous situations may occur especially during hunting. There have been 32 incidents of bear attacks on humans since 1977, and it is mainly hunters that have been injured by bears. Many of these situations involved hunting where a dog was chasing and/or baying the bear. This has made the public question if it is dangerous to bring dogs with when hiking. In this study I have tried to answer this question and my hypothesis was that bears will have a different reaction to being startled by humans with dogs compared to being startled by humans with no dogs. That is that the bears will have a stronger reaction to being startled by humans with dogs. My first prediction was that a bear will move away from a human with a loose dog at a longer distance than a human with no dog, and my second prediction was that the bears will be moving further away from the initial site after being startled by humans with dogs compared to being startled by humans with no dogs. The study was conducted on the southernmost bear population in Scandinavia (Dalarna and Gävleborg Län), using a total of 112 approaches, of which 71 was humans with no dogs and 41 was humans with dogs. I found that my first prediction was true – that bears moved away from humans with dogs at a further distance than humans with no dogs. This may be because the dog indicates human presence and gives the bear a chance to move away before even seeing the human. It may also be because dogs are usually in hunting situation and the bear moving away from the dog may be necessary for its survival. I also found that my second prediction of the bear moving further away from initial site when approached by humans with dogs compared to humans with no dogs was true. A dog will be able to follow a bear further than a human will, and it may therefore be necessary to move further from a dog than a human to avoid being discovered again. In conclusion: based on my findings my answer to the public concerns about bringing their dogs on hikes in areas with bears is that loose dogs do not elevate the danger for getting into conflicts with bears. M-NF

En vanlig arbeidspraksis i norskfaget er analyse og tolkning av dikt. I analyse- og tolkningsarbeidet er det ikke uvanlig at elever benytter seg av ulike tolkningsverktøy eller støtteark, ofte gitt i form av analyseskjemaer. Skjemaene kan ses på som oppskrifter som tydeliggjør en forventet struktur i analysen og hva den skal inneholde, samtidig viser skjemaene sentrale fagbegreper som bør være med i analysen. På den måten skal analyseskjemaer fungere som støtte for eleven og gjøre tolkningsarbeidet lettere. Men tendensen i analyse og tolkning som skolepraksis har utviklet seg til å bli temmelig mekaniske øvelser med fokus på tekstanalysen etter analyseskjemaer. Mitt mål i denne avhandlingen har vært å få svar på denne problemstillingen: Hvordan kan elevers perspektiver slippe til i analyse og tolkning av dikt etter analyseskjemaer? For å besvare problemstillingen min stilte jeg også tre forskningsspørsmål som mer spesifikt uttrykker hva jeg ser etter og ønsker svar på: 1) Hvilken plass har analyseskjemaer i lyrikkundervisningen, 2) Hva gjør lærerne konkret for å åpne for og slippe til elevers perspektiver i analyse og tolkning, og 3) Hvorfor bruker lærerne analyseskjemaer i lyrikkundervisningen. Undersøkelsene mine ble foretatt i to studiespesialiserende klasser på Vg1. Utvalget bestod av to lærere fra samme skole og lærerne benyttet seg av det samme analyseskjemaet i sin undervisning. Slik fikk jeg en mulighet til å sammenligne og kontrastere bruken av analyseskjemaet og plassen elevers perspektiver fikk i analyse- og tolkningsarbeidet i de to klassene. Min intensjon med oppgaven gjorde at kvalitativ metode egnet seg best, og gjennom klasseromsobservasjon og intervju med to lærere samlet jeg inn mitt datamateriale. Undersøkelsene viser at analyse og tolkning av dikt ikke trenger å være øvelser etter faste analyseskjemaer som ikke slipper til elevers perspektiver, selv om analyseskjemaet har en sentral plass i undervisningen. Lærerne som deltok i mine undersøkelser startet analyse- og tolkningsprosessen med å tolke diktet, så beveget de seg gradvis over i mer analytiske lesemåter av diktet. En innfallsvinkel til diktanalyse kan derfor være å ikke starte analyseprosessen så teknisk gjennom analytiske lesemåter med fokus på begreper, men heller ta tak i elevens egen opplevelse av diktet gjennom en personlig tilnærming og erfaringsbaserte lesemåter. En slik innfallsvinkel kan være med på å skape åpne holdninger blant elevene og vise dem at de selv er i stand til å tolke et dikt. På den måten slippes elevenes perspektiver til i analyse- og tolkningsprosessen.

Immigrants are an important part of Canada and Canadian culture. Despite a large number of immigrants in Canada relatively few studies have focused on disability and immigrants. Even less research has been conducted on immigrants with visual impairments. The first paper uses the Participation Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) from 2006 to examine the prevalence of vision impairment in immigrants compared to non-immigrants, 50 years of age and over. First, descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence rate of vision impairment. Then, multivariate logistic regression was utilized to examine differences in providers of support and characteristics of individuals who receive support. Results disclosed that there was no difference in the prevalence rates of adult immigrants and non-immigrants over 50 years of age when controlling for age and gender. Results confirmed that there is a relationship between having a vision impairment and living in a low income household. Results also showed that receiving support is linked to severity of impairment. The second paper used qualitative analysis to examine visually impaired immigrants’ perception of vision impairment and disability and if perception influenced utilization of care. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 clients of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB). Results showed that immigrants’ employ three different views when explaining their impairment, these were; the medical view, social view and theological/ traditional view. All participants used two or more views interchangeably demonstrating that all views are important in understanding how immigrants perceive and navigate their impairment on an everyday basis. Results also suggested that negative perceptions did not keep most immigrants from accessing services; however, traditional barriers such as not being eligible to receive services and transportation were main barriers. Thesis Master of Arts (MA)