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Besin elementlerinin kök bölgesialtına yıkanmasının engellenerek toprakta daha uzun süre tutunmaları gübreninetkinliğinin artması anlamına gelir. Kök bölgesinin altına inen besinelementleri, hem bitki için yarayışsız hale gelmekte hem de yer altı sularınakarışarak kirlenmelerine ve ekosistemin fonksiyonlarına zarar vermektedir. Buçalışma, orta bünyeye sahip bir toprağa farklı dozlarda ilave edilen domateshasat atıklarının 500 °C’de yavaş piroliz edilmesi ile hazırlanmış biyokömür materyallerinin,nitrat (NO3-) ve amonyum (NH4+)yıkanmalarına etkinlerini test etmek için yapılmıştır. Üç farklı biyokömür dozu(%1, %3 ve %6) ve kontrol uygulamalarını kapsayan 3 tekerrürlü yıkamaçalışmaları, 35 cm uzunluğundaki PVC borularında yapılmıştır. Şeker pancarının60 ton ha-1 verimi için kullanılan toplam azot (240 kg N ha-1)ve su miktarları (875 mm) uygulanmıştır. Toplam su, altı defa da damla şeklindeverilmiştir. Her sulama döneminde sızan su toplanmış ve NO3-ve NH4+ konsantrasyonları ile pH ve elektrikseliletkenlik (EC) değerleri için analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan istatikseldeğerlendirme sonucunda, sızan suyun NO3 konsantrasyonu açısındanuygulamalar arasında önemli farklılık olmasına rağmen, NH4yıkanmasına uygulamaların etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Nitrat yıkanmasını enfazla azaltan uygulama, kontrole göre %34.5 daha az olan %3 biyokömür olmuştur.Yıkamalar sonunda kolonlarda en yüksek nitrat konsantrasyonuna sahip uygulama9532 mg kg-1 ile%6 dozunun olduğu uygulamadır. En düşük NO3-konsantrasyonu ise 6950 mg kg-1 ile %0 dozu ile kontrollerdir. Çalışma sonuçları, biyokömür uygulamaları ileazotun (özellikle NO3-) kök bölgesinde daha uzun süreyıkanmadan tutunabileceğini göstermiştir., Holding plant nutrients longer period of time within the root zone meanshigher fertilizer use efficiency. Leachingof plant nutrients below the root zone becomes both unavailable for plants andalso led to the pollution by leaching to ground water and harms ecosystemfunctions. This study was conducted to test the effects of biochar applicationon nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) leaching from moderate texture soil. Thebiochar was produced from tomato harvest residues pyrolzed at 500 °C. Leachingstudies were conducted in PVC pipes of 35 cm in length with three replicates,and the biochar doses applied were 0%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 6.0%. The amount of totalnitrogen (240 kg N ha-1) and water were determined based on theneeds of sugar beet for 60 ton/ha yield. Total water was applied at six timesin drip form. The leachate during each irrigation period was collected andanalyzed for the concentrations of NH4 and NO3- and pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Althoughstatistically significant differences between aplications in terms of theconcentration of NO3- leached water, washing the applicationhad no significant effect of NH4+. Although the difference among thetreatments was statistically significant in terms of NO3- concentrations of leachates, NH4+ concentration was not significantlydifferent among the treatments. The most efficient treatment in terms ofreducing the NO3- leaching was found to be 3% biochar dosewhich lowered the NO3- leaching 34.5% compared to the control.The highest NO3- concentration (9532 mg kg-1)after the six leaching events was obtained in 6% biyochar treatment. The lowestconcentration of NO3- (6950 mg kg-1) wasobtained in the control treatment. The results of this study showed thatnitrogen can be hold (especially NO3-) longer time in theroot zone with biyochar applications.

Bu çalışmada 2005 ve 2015 yıllarında yayınlanan Eğitim Bilimleri (Eğitim bilimleri, Fen/Matematik bilimleri eğitimi ve Sosyal bilimler eğitimi) alanlarındaki makalelerin sözbilimsel yapılarını saptamak, bu yapıların kullanım sıklıklarını ve düzeylerini ortaya koymak, bilimsel alanlarına, yayınlandığı yıllara ve dergilere göre anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada alanyazındaki sözbilimsel yapı çözümlemeleri incelenerek yeni bir model oluşturulması; makalelerin giriş bölümlerini oluşturma sürecinde araştırmacıların yararlanmış oldukları tekniklerin ve alt tekniklerin listelenmesi; farklı alanlardaki çalışmaların sözbilimsel yapı çözümlerinin ortaya konması ve bu yapıların istatistiksel olarak test edilmesi bağlamında önemlidir. Betimsel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada ULAKBİM Dergi Park Sistemi veri tabanında; 2005-2015 yıllarında yayınlanan; başlığında `eğitim` kelimesi yer alan dergilerdeki ilk ve son sayılardaki ilk üç eğitim içerikli Türkçe makaleler incelenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Bilimsel Makalelerin Giriş Bölümlerindeki Hareket ve Adımları Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Bilimsel Makalelerin Giriş Bölümlerinde Kullanılan Teknik ve Alt Teknikleri Belirleme Çizelgesi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada hareketlerin ve adımların bulunma oranları ile düzeyleri arasında farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte incelenen makalelerde alanlara (Eğitim-Fen/Matematik ve Sosyal Bilimler) ve yıllara (2005 ve 2015) göre istatistiksel farklar olduğu saptanmıştır. This study aims to determine rhetorical structures of articles published in journals of educational sciences (Educational Sciences, Science/Mathematics Education and Social Sciences Education) between 2005 and 2015, to reveal frequency and level of use of these structures, and to find out if there is a significant differentiation in terms of their scientific areas, year of publication and journals. The study is important in that a new model is constructed by examining analyses of rhetorical structures in literature, techniques and sub-techniques that researchers utilized while building introduction part of journals are listed, and analyses of rhetorical structures in various fields are presented and tested statistically. In this descriptive study, the first three educational-content Turkish articles, involving the word `education` in their titles, published in the first and last issues of journals which take part in ULAKBIM Journal Park System between 2005 and 2015 were analyzed. Evaluation Scale of Moves and Steps in Introduction Part of Scientific Articles (EMSIP) and Chart of Techniques and Sub-techniques in Introduction Part of Scientific Articles were applied as data collection tools. It is observed in the study that there are differentiations between rates and levels of moves and steps. It is also found that there are statistical differences in the articles examined in regard to fields (Education, Science/Mathematics and Social Sciences) and year of publication (2005 and 2015). 123

Background Stroke is acute vascular deterioration of cerebral functions and 2nd leading cause of death. As population gets older, as well as the increasing prevalence of stroke and disability from chronic disease, the demand for rehabilitation care will continue to rise. There is need for evidence based rehabilitation approaches and rehabilitation outcomes should be proved by objective questionnairres to qualify the process. Objective To present the functional outcomes of stroke rehabilitation process among functional impairment measure evaluation. Determine the contributing factors on functional gain. Material-methods Retrospectively assessment of data of 142 posttroke patients performed. In addition to demographical and clinical properties, functional outcomes with functional impairment measurement (FIM) and motor evaluation by Brunnstrom Motricitiy Index were recorded. Risk factors for stroke were questionned also. Results The mean of ages was 64.30 ± 11.9 years, male/female ratios were 47.2%/ 52.8%. The functional gain was 20.4% in M-FIM, 14.7% in C-FIM. Better outcomes gained by the patients who stayed longer than 15 days (ANOVA, p: 0.000) and who had hemorrhagic etiology (MannWhitney U, p: 0.048), meanwhile there was no significant difference in gender and plegic side groups on both Motor-FIM and Cognitive-FIM gains (p > 0.05, MannWhitney U). Regression models exhibited highest impact on the M-FIM gain were the admission M-FIM scores and DM (adjusted Rsquare: 0.173, p: 0.000). Admission C-FIM scores had positive correlation with discharge C-FIM scores (r: 0.917, p: 0.000). Although older age was the negative determinant of C-FIM gain (r: -0.202, p: 0.016). We obtained the risk factor distribution 71.8% for HT, 29.6% for CAD, 25.6% for smoking, 16.2% for TIA and 33.1% for DM. All had negative impact on functional outcomes but DM had significantly (regression analysis p Conclusion Improvement by rehabilitation programme determined by FIM scores. Data provided about the poststroke patients and present risk factors. Still there exists similar ratios of risk factors as studies before eventhough prevention recommendations.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to show the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on platelet activation in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-six patients (29 males, 17 females; mean age 48.2±7.6 years; range 40 to 56 years) with severe OSAS with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥30 were included in this study. Complete blood counts were analyzed and mean platelet volume (MPV) values were compared in patients before and after CPAP treatment at six months. RESULTS The mean MPV values before CPAP were 8.9±1.3 (p

This study supports the proposition that vestibular dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) may be considered among the complications due to noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).The aim of this study was to evaluate the audiovestibular functions in patients with NIDDM and to determine if there is any correlation between audiovestibular dysfunction and the duration of the disease.A total of 104 patients diagnosed with NIDDM and 104 nondiabetic control subjects made up the study group. Diabetic patients were also divided into subgroups of ≤7 years and7 years according to the duration of the disease. Pure-tone audiometry (PTA), speech recognition scores (SRS), impedance audiometry, and vestibular function tests (VFT) were performed for all of the patients.Hearing thresholds in all frequencies (except at 500 Hz for bone conduction) and SRS values were statistically significant in patients with NIDDM and control subjects, but there was no statistically significant difference according to the duration of the disease. Statistically significant alterations were present in VFT in patients with NIDDM compared with the control subjects. In the diabetic group, only failure in the saccade test was statistically significant according to the duration of the disease.

Surgery and combinations of traditional treatments are not successful enough particularly for advanced stage head and neck cancer. The major disadvantages of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the lack of specificity for the target tissue and toxicity to the patient. As a result, gene therapy may offer a more specific approach. The aim of gene therapy is to present therapeutic genes into cancer cells which selectively eliminate malignant cells with no systemic toxicity to the patient. This article reviews the genetic basis of head and neck cancers and important concepts in cancer gene therapy: (i) inhibition of oncogenes; (ii) tumor suppressor gene replacement; (iii) regulation of immune response against malignant cells; (iv) genetic prodrug activation; and (v) antiangiogenic gene therapy. Currently, gene therapy is not sufficient to replace the traditional treatments of head and neck cancers, however there is no doubt that it will have an important role in the near future.

To investigate changes in upper airway volume parameters measured by computerized tomography scans in patients with surgically treated by anterior palatoplasty of whom having pure snoring and mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. A prospective study on consecutively anterior palatoplasty performed pure snoring and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Computerized tomography scans were obtained preoperatively and following anterior palatoplasty procedure to measure changes in upper airway volume. Patients underwent diagnostic drug induced sleep endoscopy to assess the site of obstruction. Preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared using student’s t test and Chi-square test. Twenty-two patients (16 men and 6 women, age 48.22 ± 9.23, body mass index 25.85 ± 2.57) completed the trial. Anterior palatoplasty was associated with an increase in total upper airway volume from 4.81 ± 1.73 cm3 before treatment to 6.57 ± 2.03 cm3 after treatment (p

Problem Statement: Writing is important in secondary schools because it underpins the performance of students in most examinations. Writing disposition, which specifically deals with the aspects of students’ attitudes toward writing, has also been studied by some researchers. Purpose of the Study: This study reports on the result of a study on the writing anxiety and writing disposition of Turkish students from different socio-economic status backgrounds studying at public secondary schools. Determining whether there is a significant difference between the secondary school students’ scores from writing anxiety and writing disposition constitutes the research problem of this study. Method: This descriptive study uses a correlational survey model. The participants included 707 students from grade five through eight, who attended two different tests: the Writing Apprehension Scale and Writing Disposition Scale. Findings: The results showed that three of the six variables under study (gender, attitude toward Turkish language courses, and grade level) were statistically significant for the Writing Apprehension test. Additionally, four out of six variables analyzed were statistically significant for the Writing Disposition test. A positive linear relationship between writing anxiety and writing disposition levels was found. Apparently, the more students liked Turkish course, the more anxious they became; a significant difference was found for the variable “positive attitude toward Turkish courses” for both scales. The results also showed that female students are more likely to encounter writing anxiety than male students. Conclusion and Recommendations: The severity of writing anxiety should be dealt with carefully as it can prevent students from becoming competent writers. The link between writing anxiety and writing disposition proposed in this article further explores the advantages and disadvantages of these two aspects of writing. It is recommended that writing anxiety be studied in different contexts because further understanding the reasons for anxiety when students produce qualified writing can be elaborated in this way. Keywords: Turkish course, secondary school students, writing instruction, writing disposition, writing anxiety

Deficiency of sulphur (S) is an important limiting factor of plant growth for sustainable agricultural production. The decline in sulphur dioxide emission, decrease in S-containing fertilizer consumption due to the high cost of S-fertilizers, breeding of new high yielding species are thewell known causes of S-deficiency. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of several doses of K2SO4-S, CaSO4-S and elemental-S applied on growth, shoot dry matter yield, S and N concentrations of wheat cultivar. The experiments were conducted in three soils differed from available S concentrations. Effects of different S-treatments (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg S kg-1) and S-forms had significant effects on shoot dry matter yields of plants. Sulphur from different S-sources did not increase shoot S-concentrations in Eskisehir and Konya soils, but increase was significant obtained in the Harran soil. Shoot S-concentration in Harran soil for zero K2SO4treatment was 0.09%, the values were 0.22, 0.26 and 0.27% respectively for 25, 50and 100 mg kg-1treatments. The results indicated significant effects of S-treatments on plant growth and yield mostly based on soil properties, especially the available S-levels. Deficiency of sulphur (S) is an important limiting factor of plant growth for sustainable agricultural production. The decline in sulphur dioxide emission, decrease in S-containing fertilizer consumption due to the high cost of S-fertilizers, breeding of new high yielding species are thewell known causes of S-deficiency. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of several doses of K2SO4-S, CaSO4-S and elemental-S applied on growth, shoot dry matter yield, S and N concentrations of wheat cultivar. The experiments were conducted in three soils differed from available S concentrations. Effects of different S-treatments (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg S kg-1) and S-forms had significant effects on shoot dry matter yields of plants. Sulphur from different S-sources did not increase shoot S-concentrations in Eskisehir and Konya soils, but increase was significant obtained in the Harran soil. Shoot S-concentration in Harran soil for zero K2SO4treatment was 0.09%, the values were 0.22, 0.26 and 0.27% respectively for 25, 50and 100 mg kg-1treatments. The results indicated significant effects of S-treatments on plant growth and yield mostly based on soil properties, especially the available S-levels.

ADLİ MUHASEBE TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASINA ELEŞTİREL YAKLAŞIM: SUÇLAR VE YETKİ KARMAŞASITürkiye'de adli muhasebe üzerine yazılan akademik makaleler tarihi 1990'lı yılların başına kadar gitmektedir. Daha sonra ise 2000'li yıllarda adli muhasebe üzerine çeşitli kurslar ve sertifika programları düzenlenmiştir. Bu kurslar ve programlar; birçok adli muhasebe uzmanını mezun etmiştir. Fakat bu kurslar ne yazık ki çok uzun ömürlü olmamıştır. Çünkü adli muhasebe üzerine piyasada yeterince talep oluşmamıştır. Adli muhasebeye dair talep oluşmamasının başlıca nedenlerinden bir tanesi yasal düzenlemelerin henüz yapılmamış olmasıdır.Türkiye'de adli muhasebeye dair yasal düzenlemelerin olmaması, beraberinde birçok karmaşayı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bir işletmede hile ve yolsuzluk olup olmadığına dair yapılacak bir denetlemede adli muhasebecinin muhasebe finans dışında evrak ve işlemleri de kontrol etmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak yasal düzenlemeden yoksun oldukları için adli muhasebeci şirket yöneticilerinin ve çalışanların ancak izniyle bu işi yapabilmektedirler. Hile yapması muhtemel olan şirket ortağı ya da çalışanın bu izni vermesi de pek mümkün gözükmemektedir. Bu karmaşayı ortadan kaldırmanın yolu da öncelikle adli muhasebe hizmetini yasal bir statüye kazandırmaktan geçmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Hile, Adli Muhasebe, Denetim, A CRITICAL APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTANCY IN TURKEY: CRIME AND CONFLICT OF POWERAcademic articles written on Turkish Forensic Accounting date back to the 1990's. After that, in the following years from 2000 onwards several courses and certificate programs on Forensic Accounting were organized. Quite a number of experts have graduated from these courses and programs. But it is sad that these courses did not last for long as there was not much demand for Forensic Accountancy. One of the main reasons for the lack of demand for forensic accountancy is the lack of establishment of laws and regulations (for forensic accountancy).That there are no laws and regulations for Forensic Accountancy in Turkey brings with it many confussions. When a company is audited for fraud and corruption, the forensic accountant should also audit documents and transactions outside finance and accounting. But due to lack of legal arrangements (that necessitates and regulates such audits), the forensic accountant can only perform such audits with authorization from the managers and executives of the same company. Those partners or executives involved in probable fraud would be unwilling to authorize such an audit.To eliminate such conflicts, Forensic Accountancy should be given a legal status (via necessary laws and regulations).Keywords: Fraud, Forensic Accounting, Audit, 171

Çinko (Zn) bitkisel üretimin ve ürün kalitesinin artırılmasında önemli bir mikroelementir. Ayrıcatanedeki Zn yetersizliği beslenmede dolayısıyla insan sağlığında da ciddi bir problem olarak ortayaçıkabilmektedir. Bu noksanlığının giderilmesi amacıyla, tohumun ekim öncesi Zn'lu çözeltide bekletilmesisahip olduğu birçok avantaj nedeniyle son zamanlarda ön plana çıkmış olan bir metottur. Kontrollükoşullarda su kültüründe bu konuda yürütülmüş bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma Znuygulamalı (Zn1:1 µM ZnSO4) ve uygulamasız (Zn0: 0 µM ZnSO4) ortamda farklı zaman aralıklarında(0 dk, 1 dk, 10 dk, 30 dk ve 60 dk) 5 mM ZnSO4çözeltisinde bekletilmiş mısır (Zea mays L.)tohumlarından elde edilen yaklaşık 12 (I. hasat) ve 20 günlük (II. hasat) bitkilerin Zn noksanlığı semptomşiddeti, kök ve yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi ile kök ve yeşil aksam Zn konsantrasyonu üzerine etkisiniortaya koymak amacıyla su kültüründe gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, çözeltiden Zn uygulanmadığındafarklı zaman aralıklarında Zn çözeltisinde bekletilmiş tohumlardan elde edilen bitkilerin her iki hasattada kontrole göre, hem kök hem de yeşil aksam kuru madde verimi ve Zn konsantrasyonunun arttığıbelirlenmiştir. Kuru madde verimi açısından sözkonusu artışlar, özellikle II. hasatta çözeltide bekletilmesüresiyle doğru orantılı olmuştur. Çinko konsantrasyonu ise, kuru madde veriminin aksine I. hasattadaha yüksek iken II. hasatta azalmıştır. Özellikle çözeltiden Zn'nun uygulanmadığı koşullarda I. hasataait yeşil aksam ve kök Zn konsantrasyonu II. hasattan daha yüksek bulunmuştur Sonuç olarak, yetiştirmeortamında Zn'nun yetersiz olduğu koşullarda mısır tohumunu Zn çözeltisi içinde bekletmenin bitkininZn noksanlığı semptom şiddeti, kuru madde verimi ve Zn konsantrasyonu üzerinde önemli etkisininolduğu belirlenmiştir. Zinc (Zn) is an important microelement in increasing the yield and quality of plant production. Inaddition, zinc deficiency in the seed can be a nutritional problem and therefore a serious problem inhuman health. In order to overcome the problem Zn application method as priming of seeds in diluteZn solutions prior to sowing recently came to forward because of having many advantages. No studiesunder controlled conditions could be met in literature regarding on this subject. This study aimed tofind out the effect of plants obtained from seeds of corn (Zea mays L.) which have been soaked in 5mM ZnSO4at different time periods (0 min, 1 min, 10 min, 30 min and 60 min) grown in with Zn (Zn:1 µM ZnSO4) and without Zn (Zn: 0 µM ZnSO4) conditions for approximately 12 days (1. harvest) and20 days (II. harvest) on the severity of Zn deficiency symptoms, root and shoot dry matter yield, aswell as the concentration of Zn in shoot and root in a hydroponic experiment. In this experiment,increases in dry weight and Zn concentration both in shoots and roots of 12 and 20 days harvestedplants which of seeds were soaked in Zn solution at different time periods have been seen incomparison with the control plants. Mentioned increases with respect to dry matter yield increasedparallel to the soaking time of seeds in solution especially at II. harvest. In contrast to dry matter yield,Zn concentration was higher in plants obtained at I. harvest while it decreased in plants obtained atII. harvest. Zinc concentrations of plants were found to be higher at I. harvest than those of the onesobtained at II. harvest particularly under the conditions of without Zn application from the solution.As a result, it has been determined that the application method of soaking of the seeds in Zn solutionat a certain time has a significant effect on the severity of symptoms of Zn deficiency, dry matter yieldand Zn concentration.

We report the comparisn of two different treatment modalities on a bilateral congenital choanal atresic patient. The nasal endoscopic examination of a 5-year-old girl who had nasal obstruction and bilateral rhinorrhea revealed bilateral obliterated choanas. The choanal atresia was corrected using the transnasal endoscopic approach. An endotracheal tube stent was inserted through the right choana while no stent was used for the left side. Two years after the operation, an endoscopic examination revealed no stenosis in either side. Bilateral congenital choanal atresia is rarely among the reasons for nasal obstruction in the post-neonatal period. The transnasal endoscopic approach is a safe and effective surgical technique. As there will be no differences such as tissue healing factors, comparison of stenting and non-stenting on the same patient provides us with valuable information. However a single patient is not sufficient to arrive at a decisive conclusion. Studies conducted in the future on a large number of cases will provide us with more information.

Pleomorphic adenoma often occurs in the major salivary glands, most commonly on the parotid gland. Although unusual cases of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, trachea, and oesophagus have been reported, to the best of our knowledge the present case is the first reported case in the nasolabial region. In this article, clinical presentation, surgical findings, histopathological features, and therapeutic challenges of this rare lesion are discussed.

Öz Bitki besin elementlerinin doğru amenajmanı, yüksek ürün elde etme ve çevresel kalitenin korunmasında oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amaçları; Suluova ve Merzifon Ovaları topraklarının DTPA'da ekstrakte edilebilir mikro element konsantrasyonlarını belirlemek, bu mikro elementlerin yarayışlılığına etki eden diğer toprak özellikleri ile ilişkisini anlamak ve mikro elementlerin mesafeye bağlı yapısını ortaya koymaktır. Merzifon ovasından 76 ve Suluova ovasından 143 adet toprak örneği alınmış ve yarayışlı çinko (Zn), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu) ve mangan (Mn) konsantrasyonları ile toprak kil, silt ve kum içerikleri, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), kalsiyum karbonat ve organik madde içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Tanımlayıcı istatistik sonuçları çalışma alanının büyük bir kısmının Zn ve Fe açısından yetersiz, ancak Mn ve Cu bakımından toprakların yeterli olduğunu göstermiştir. Ortalama Zn ve Fe konsantrasyonları Merzifon ovasında sırasıyla 0.28 mg kg-1 ve 2.0 mg kg-1 ve Suluova ovasında ise 0.28 mg kg -1 ve 3.26 mg kg-1'dır. Toprakların Zn konsantrasyonu istatistiksel olarak Mn ile pozitif ve pH ile negatif önemli korelasyonlar (P

A large number of spelt wheat genotypes (ranging from 373 to 772) were evaluated for grain concentrations of protein and mineral nutrients under 6 different environments. There was a substantial genotypic variation for the concentration of mineral nutrients in grain and also for the total amount of nutrients per grain (e.g., content). Zinc (Zn) showed the largest genotypic variation both in concentration (ranging from 19 to 145mgkg-1) and content (ranging from 0.4 to 4.1µg per grain). The environment effect was the most important source of variation for grain protein concentration (GPC) and for many mineral nutrients, explaining between 37 and 69% of the total sums of squares. Genotype by environment (G×E) interaction accounted for between 17 and 58% of the total variation across the minerals. GPC and sulfur correlated very significantly with iron (Fe) and Zn. Various spelt genotypes have been identified containing very high grain concentrations of Zn (up to 70mgkg-1), Fe (up to 60mgkg-1) and protein (up to 30%) and showing high stability across various environments. The results indicated that spelt is a highly promising source of genetic diversity for grain protein and mineral nutrients, particularly for Zn and Fe. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. The authors are grateful to HarvestPlus Biofortification Challenge Program ( www.harvestplus.org ) for the financial support and to Dr. Hakan Ozkan (Cukurova University) for providing seed materials. Appendix

PubMedID: 23654236 Zinc (Zn) deficiency associated with low dietary intake is a well-documented public health problem, resulting in serious health and socioeconomic problems. Field experiments were conducted with wheat to test the role of both soil and foliar application of ZnSO4 in Zn concentration of whole grain and grain fractions (e.g., bran, embryo and endosperm) in 3 locations. Foliar application of ZnSO4 was realized at different growth stages (e.g., stem elongation, boot, milk, dough stages) to study the effect of timing of foliar Zn application on grain Zn concentration. The rate of foliar Zn application at each growth stage was 4 kg of ZnSO4 3 7H2O ha-1. Laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS was used to follow the localization of Zn within grain. Soil Zn application at a rate of 50 kg of ZnSO4 3 7H2O ha-1 was effective in increasing grain Zn concentration in the Zn-deficient location, but not in the locations without soil Zn deficiency. In all locations, foliar application of Zn significantly increased Zn concentration in whole grain and in each grain fraction, particularly in the case of high soil N fertilization. In Zn-deficient location, grain Zn concentration increased from 11 mg kg-1 to 22 mg kg-1 with foliar Zn application and to 27 mg kg-1 with a combined application of ZnSO4 to soil and foliar. In locations without soil Zn deficiency, combination of high N application with two times foliar Zn application (e.g., at the booting and milk stages) increased grain Zn concentration, on average, from 28 mg kg-1 to 58 mg kg-1. Both ICP-OES and LA-ICP-MS data showed that the increase in Zn concentration of whole grain and grain fractions was pronounced when Zn was sprayed at the late growth stage (e.g., milk and dough). LA-ICP-MS data also indicated that Zn was transported into endosperm through the crease phloem. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the timing of foliar Zn application is of great importance in increasing grain Zn in wheat, especially in the endosperm part that is the predominant grain fraction consumed in many countries. Providing a large pool of Zn in vegetative tissues during the grain filling (e.g., via foliar Zn spray) is an important practice to increase grain Zn and contribute to human nutrition. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between upper airway morphology and apnea vs hypopnea predominance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective study on consecutively CT scans obtained from 54 OSA patients and 53 non-snoring controls. CT scans were measured to evaluate upper airway and surrounding structures' morphologic characteristics. OSA patients (matched for age, gender and body mass index) compared as two groups; apneic group: apnea ratio >50% and hypopneic group: hypopnea ratio >50%. Morphologic characteristics were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Pearson’s correlation test. RESULTS: Apneic group (17 patients) showed 76.56% apnea rate and hypopneic group (37 patients) showed 78.46% hypopnea rate. Minimal lateral and anteroposterior dimensions of velopharynx in the apneic group (0.86 ± 0.73 and 0.21 ± 0.13 cm, respectively) was statistically lesser from that of the hypopneic group (1.2 ± 0.42 and 0.54 ± 0.22 cm, respectively). Minimum cross-sectional area of the velopharynx was also lesser in apneic group (0.21 ± 0.16 cm(2)) than that in hypopneic group (0.65 ± 0.38 cm(2)). Almost all upper airway parameters in both apneic and hypopneic groups were tended to be smaller than in controls. CONCLUSION: Decrease in airway volume does not signify the type of respiratory event, but significant narrowing of velopharynx in both dimensions; thus having the narrowest value below a certain level causes more apnea. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: We did not find a similar study when we did a literature search, showing the relationship of apnea vs hypopnea predominance and upper airway parameters in CT in patients with OSA.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient element in citrus growing and Mn deficiency causes some problems related with physiological and morphological structure. Spatial evaluation of Mn obtained from soils in citrus-growing areas is the main objective of this paper. For this purpose, a citrus-growing region in Turkey has been selected and three effective estimation methods: kriging, neural-fuzzy modelling, and fuzzy interval arithmetic have been considered for the spatial evaluations. The model works primarily focus on the model accuracy and smoothing degree of estimations. In addition, error analysis and comparative assessments, which present the advantages and drawbacks of the models, are conducted in the paper. The results and performance evaluations prove the superiorities of soft computing approach in this evaluation. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The effect of the prospective pre-school teachers’ digital story preparation on their technological pedagogical content knowledge self-confidence is proposed to be determined in mix method designed study. During the research, prospective pre-school teachers determined their objectives for a digital story, wrote scenarios, selected audio and visual materials, created and presented their digital stories. The qualitative and quantitative data were obtained through technological pedagogical content knowledge self-confidence scale and open-ended metaphorical question as pre- and post-tests. In quantitative and qualitative data analysis, t-test for the dependant samples and inductive content analysis were conducted. The findings demonstrated the prospective pre-school teachers’ digital story preperation increased their self-confidence on TPCK. It was inferred from the metaphors that the prospective pre-school teachers perceived self-confidence on TPCK as a guide and a vital necessity. Data analysis results indicated digital story preparation had positive effect on the prospective pre-school teachers’ selfconfidence on TPCK.

To investigate the effect of intranasal splint removal time on patient comfort and possible complications after septoplasty. One hundred and nine patients who had septoplasty operations were included in this study. The patients were divided into three groups. In the 1st group (n = 36), splints were removed on the 3rd day after septoplasty; in the 2nd group (n = 36), splints were removed on the 5th day; and in the 3rd group (n = 37), splints were removed on the 7th day. Pain and nasal fullness were evaluated with visual analog scale. Synechia, perforation, hematoma, infection and hemorrhage were recorded after the removal of the splints (postoperative 1, 8 and 24 weeks). For the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups, respectively, pain score was 1.96, 2.67, and 2.67; and nasal fullness score was 6.23, 6.04, and 5.48. Nasal synechia was detected in two patients in the 1st group and in one patient in the 2nd group. Early hemorrhage was detected in two patients in the 1st group and one patient in the 3rd group. Infection, septal perforation and hematoma were detected in three patients in the 1st group. There was no difference in hemorrhage, hematoma, synechia and perforation rates between the three groups. There are various opinions in the literature about the ideal removal time of intranasal tampons after septoplasty, but there is no consensus on this topic. Our study shows that removal time of intranasal splints has no effect on patient comfort or possible complications.

The etiology and the effects of the maxillary accessory ostium (MAO) are not well understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between septal deviation (SD) and the presence of an MAO.Paranasal computed tomography (CT) scans of 1104 adult patients were studied retrospectively. Patients with chronic sinusitis, acute sinusitis, nasal polyposis, allergic rhinitis, paranasal sinus tumors, septal perforation, and unilateral or bilateral maxillary sinus hypoplasia/aplasia, as well as patients who had previously had nasal surgery or a history of nasal trauma, were not included in the study. Eight-hundred and seven patients were found to meet the criteria and were included in the study. CT scans were examined to note the presence of SD and MAO and the side of both diseases.A total of 807 patients were evaluated. SD and MAO were detected in 572 (70.9%) and 299 (37.1%) patients, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of SD and MAO, regardless of side of the disease (p = 0.002). The side of MAO showed a significant correlation with the direction of SD (p0.001).Our results revealed a link between SD and MAO. This relationship was correlated with the side of occurrence of the disease.

In this study, column which cannot be found a place to itself in the child literature and which is a type of informative text of which appropriateness is questioned to child is taken as a question. In most of the books that were scanned, “colun” is not mentioned sufficiently, in the books in which “coulumn” is mentioned, it is not studied in detail. Columns takes its place under the title of anecdote in the literature. In the theoretical works written about child literature, anecdote part is just defined, and anecdote is mentioned as a type of folk literature. In this study, the concept of the child literature is emphasized, and the distinction between literature and child literature is discussed. Moreover, the contribution of column to the development of child’s physical, mental intellectual, and language development is emphasized by giving the general properties of column type of writing. Later, the question of how much the column type of writing emphasized in the Turkish course books is tried to be answered. At the end of the study, a text of column is written in the context of second level of primary Turkish programmes by taking the themes and outcomes into consideration. In this study, screening model is used., Bu çalışmada, çocuk edebiyatı literatüründe kendine tam olarak yer bulamamış, çocuğa göreliği sorgulanan bilgilendirici metin türlerinden “köşe yazıları” sorunsallaştırılmıştır. Taranan çocuk edebiyatı kitaplarının büyük kısmında yeterince konu edinmeyen “köşe yazıları”, değinilen kitaplarda ise çok fazla ayrıntılı işlenmemiştir. Köşe yazıları, alan yazınında “fıkra” başlığı altında yer almıştır. Çocuk edebiyatı üzerine kaleme alınmış kuramsal eserlerde, fıkra bölümünde ise genellikle tanımla yetinilmiş daha çok halk edebiyatı ürünü olan fıkra konu edinmiştir. Çalışmada, çocuk edebiyatı kavramı üzerinde durulmuş, edebiyat-çocuk edebiyatı ayrımı tartışılmıştır. Çocuk edebiyatının anadil öğrenimine katkısı da araştırma konusu edilmiştir. Bunun yanında köşe yazısı türünün genel özellikleri verilerek köşe yazılarının çocuğun bedensel, ruhsal, zihinsel ve dil gelişimine katkısı vurgulanmıştır. Daha sonra ilköğretim ikinci kademe Türkçe ders kitaplarında köşe yazısı türüne ne kadar yer verildiği sorusu cevaplanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda ilköğretim ikinci kademe Türkçe programları bağlamında tema-kazanımlar gözetilerek ders kitabında yer alabilecek bir köşe yazısı metni oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.

Most choanal polyps arise from the maxillary sinus, and they are called antrochoanal polyps. Their typical endoscopic and radiologic appearance makes them easy to diagnose. However, some choanal polyps originate in unusual sites in the paranasal sinuses and nose, such as the sphenoid sinus and the lateral wall of the nose. These polyps usually present unilaterally, although bilateral presentations are possible. We describe 3 cases of atypical choanal polyps: a sphenochoanal polyp, bilateral antrochoanal polyps, and a giant antrochoanal polyp. In each case, nasal endoscopy and computed tomography clinched the diagnosis, and endoscopic surgery was performed to successfully remove the polyp. We discuss the clinical characteristics of these 3 cases.

Melkersson described a syndrome that consists of peripheral facial palsy and swelling of the lips. Its classical form is characterized by recurrent paralysis of the facial nerve, swelling of one or both lips, and lingua plicata (also defined as “scrotal tongue” or “fissured tongue”). In our case, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson’s disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hypertension and pleural effusion were found together with MRS. Whether it is only a co-incidence or there is a causal relationship between MRS and these disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, merits further investigation. Turk Jem 2009; 13: 40-2

The purpose of this study was to show the clinical characteristics of microtia and congenital aural atresia cases in Turkey and to make the classification. For this purpose, records of 28 patients with microtia who were admitted to the ENT Clinic of Eskisehir Military Hospital, Turkey, between 1995 and 2011 and 3 patients admitted to the ENT outpatient clinic of Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital, Turkey, were analyzed retrospectively. Of the total 31 patients with microtia (35 microtic ears), involvement of the right ear of 20 patients (64.5%), the left ear of 7 patients (22.5%), and bilateral involvement in 4 patients (12.9%) were observed. There was a unilateral involvement in 27 patients (87.1%). According to the Marx grading, 2 patients (5.7%) had grade 1 malformation, 3 (8.6%) had grade 2 malformation, 29 (82.9%) had grade 3 malformation, and 1 (2.9%) had grade 4 malformation (anotia). Although the characteristics of microtia vary in different population, the results in Turkey are consistent with those in the literature.

Apocrine hidrocystomas are uncommon cystic proliferations of the apocrine secretory glands. Maxilla is an unexpected involvement site for these tumors. Our study represents the first case of an apocrine hidrocystoma of the maxilla excised by an intraoral (sublabial) approach, being the first to define the radiologic findings of apocrine hidrocystoma on this region. This case is an extremely rare type in terms of the unusual symptomatology, location and size of the tumor. In this article, clinical presentation, surgical findings, histopathological features and treatment of this rare lesion were discussed.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Pasifik ve Koza Yayınlarına ait ilköğretim ikinci kademe Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki sıfatların niceliğini saptamak; saptanan sıfat sayılarının hem her yayın evi içindeki hem de yayın evleri arasındaki ilişkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Aynı zamanda çalışmada, Türkçe dersi çalışma kitaplarındaki sıfat öğretimi etkinliklerinin temel beceri ve dilbilgisi alanlarına, kavram-sözcük öğretimi yaklaşımlarına ve bilişsel basamaklarına ilişkin dağılımları sorunsallaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmadan elde edilen veriler, Türkiye Türkçesi Söz Varlığında Sıfatların Eşdizimliliği-Derlem Tabanlı Bir Uygulama- (http://derlem.mersin.edu.tr) ulusal derlem projesi ve İlköğretim Türkçe Ders Kitapları Derlemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.Çalışma için gerekli kaynakların toplanmasında belgesel veri tarama tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yayınevlerinin dikey ve yatay eksendeki sıfat dağılımları arasında ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya koymak içinse ki-kare bağımsızlık testi yapılmıştır.Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yayınevlerinin dikey ve yatay eksendeki sıfat dağılımları arasında aşamalılık ilkesinin gözetilmediği saptanmıştır. İlköğretim İkinci Kademe Türkçe Dersi Çalışma Kitaplarında yer alan sıfat öğretimine yönelik etkinliklerin, temel dil becerileri ve dil bilgisi alanına göre dağılımları okuma becerisi (f=3), yazma becerisi (f=4), dinleme/izleme becerisi (f=3), dil bilgisi alanı (f=40) şeklindedir. Çalışma kitaplarında sıfat öğretimi ile konuşma dil becerisinin ilişkilendirildiği bir etkinliğe ise rastlanmamıştır. Sıfat öğretimi etkinliklerindeki kavram-sözcük öğretimine ilişkin bulgular, ayırt etme (f=18), anlamlı hale getirme (f=13) ve bağlam (f=10) olarak belirginleşmiştir. Aktarma ve tanımlama yaklaşımlarının frekans değerleri (f=4) eşittir. Şartlanma yaklaşımına göre etkinlik sayısı ise sadece bir tanedir. Belirginleştirme, genelleme ve sınıflandırma yaklaşımlarına ilişkin bir etkinlik bulunmamaktadır. Çalışma kitaplarındaki sıfat öğretimine yönelik etkinliklerin bilişsel basamaklara yönelik dağılımında, etkinliklerin bilgiyi tanıma ve hatırlama düzeyinde kaldığı göze çarpmaktadır. Çalışmanın genel sıfat dizini ile Ulusal Türkiye Türkçesi Söz Varlığında Sıfatların Eşdizimliliği Projesi arasında ilk elli sıfatta 30; İlköğretim Türkçe Ders Kitapları Derlemi arasında ilk elli sıfatta 28 sıfat aynıdır. Çalışma sonucunda ise Türkçe ders kitabı hazırlama sürecinde yayınevlerinin ?aşamalılık? ilkesini önemle gözetmeleri önerilmiştir. Ayrıca genelde dil eğitimi ve öğretiminde özelde ise sıfat öğretiminde dilbilim alanındaki çalışmalardan yararlanılmasına dikkat çekilmiştir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Dilbilim, Türkçe eğitimi-öğretimi, sıfatlar, sıfat öğretimi, sıfat öğretiminde aşamalılık sorunu. Aim of the study is to ascertain the quantity of adjectives in secondary school Turkish course books of Pasifik and Koza Publishings, Ministry of National Education, and reveal the relations both in and between publishing houses according to number of adjectives identified. It?s also problematized in the study how adjective teaching activities in Turkish workbooks are distributed in regard to basic skills and grammar, concept-word teaching approaches and cognitive steps. In addition, the data acquired from the research are compared to Collocation of Adjectives in Turkish Vocabulary (http://derlem.mersin.edu.tr) national corpus project and Elementary Education Turkish Course Books Collection.Documental data analysis technique was used to get necessary sources for the study. Chi square independence test was done in order to put forward whether there is a relation between publishing houses in terms of their distribution of adjective in horizontal and vertical axis.According to the results from the study, it has been confirmed that principle of progressivity between publishing houses? distribution of adjectives in horizontal and vertical axis is ignored. Distribution of activities for teaching adjectives in Secondary School Turkish Workbooks according to basic language skills and grammar is as follows: reading skill (f=3), writing skill (f=4), listening/marking skill (f=3), grammar (f=40). It hasn?t been possible to see an activity in workbooks in which adjective teaching is associated to speaking skills. Findings about concept-word teaching in adjective teaching activities become prominent as discrimination (f=18), making meaningful (f=13) and context (f=10). Frequency values of metaphrase and definition approaches are equal (f=4). There is only one activity according to conditioning approach. There aren?t any activities according to prominence, generalisation and classification. In respect of distribution of activities for adjective teaching in workbooks according to cognitive steps, it stands out that activities aren?t beyond recognition and retrieval of knowledge. There are 30 same adjectives of first fifty adjectives between general adjective index built up after the study and Collocation of Adjectives in Turkish Vocabulary National Corpus Project while there are 28 same adjectives when compared to Elementary Education Turkish Course Books Collection. At the end of the study, publishing houses are suggested to take into account the principle of ?progressivity? in process of writing Turkish course books. Moreover, it?s been pointed out that they should benefit from the studies in linguistics for language education and teaching in general and teaching adjectives in particular.Keywords: Linguistics, Turkish education-teaching, adjectives, teaching adjectives, problem of progressivity in teaching adjectives. 126

WOS: 000308609300001, Increasing the amount of bioavailable mineral elements in plant foods would help to improve the nutritional status of populations in developing countries. Legume seeds have the potential to provide many essential nutrients. It is important to have information on genetic variations among different lentil populations so that plant breeding programs can use new varieties in cross-breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to characterize the micro- and macronutrient concentrations of lentil landraces seeds collected from South-Eastern Turkey. We found impressive variation in the micro- and macroelement concentrations in 39 lentil landraces and 7 cultivars. We investigated the relationships of traits by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The concentrations of several minerals, particularly Zn, were positively correlated with other minerals, suggesting that similar pathways or transporters control the uptake and transport of these minerals. Some genotypes had high mineral and protein content and potential to improve the nutritional value of cultivated lentil. Cross-breeding of numerous lentil landraces from Turkey with currently cultivated varieties could improve the levels of micro- and macronutrients of lentil and may contribute to the worldwide lentil quality breeding program.

There is a lot of evidence indicating an association between upper and lower airway diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the objective and subjective effects of surgical treatment of pathologies causing nasal obstruction in relation with asthma. Materials and methods: In this study, 17 patients with asthma were divided into 2 groups. Nine patients with septal and/or disorders of turbinate constituted group 1, and 8 patients with nasal polyposis or concomitant septal deviation constituted group 2. Nasal endoscopic examination was performed and paranasal sinus computed tomography was obtained for each patient. Subjects with nasal polyposis, refractory to systemic steroid treatment, were included in the study. Nasal obstruction was treated surgically in all patients. Preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively patients were evaluated in terms of sinonasal symptoms, severity of asthma, and pulmonary function tests. Results: The mean FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) and FEF25-75 (forced midexpiratory flow rate) rates were improved in both groups postoperatively, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Severity of asthma and dosage of asthma medications were reduced in all patients and in half of the patients, respectively. Nasal obstruction, headache, and postnasal drip were the most frequent symptoms in both groups. These symptoms improved markedly after the surgery. Conclusion: Sinonasal symptoms and severity of asthma reduce with the surgical treatment of nasal obstructions, which increase the quality of life of patients significantly.