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Prostitution courts are a relatively new form of a specialty court, and very few outcome evaluations are available regarding their effectiveness. What research is available consists of studies pertaining to misdemeanor pre-trial diversion prostitution court programs and relies on traditional success measures including program completion and recidivism. This study utilizes data from a felony post-adjudication prostitution court that recognizes its participants are victims – survivors of trauma – as well as defendants, or 'victim-defendants.' Results indicate that while a large number of participants fail to complete the program and/or recidivate, assessing other outcomes including sobriety, stable housing, and phased completion indicates substantial progress for most participants. Factors consistently associated with successful outcomes included employment and participant's risk level. Policy considerations for measuring success in this population are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of Cephalogonimidae Looss, 1899 (from Emoleptalea Looss, 1900 and Masenia Chatterji, 1933) are described from African freshwater fishes. Emoleptalea mozambiquensis n. sp. infected the turquoise killifish, Nothobranchius furzeri Jubb, in Mozambique and differs from its nine congeners by the combination of differences in body shape and size, oral sucker shape, sucker width ratio, configuration of the digestive tract and gonads, vitelline follicle shape and vitellarium configuration. Emoleptalea dollfusi Srivastava, 1960 is a synonym of Emoleptalea loossi Srivastava, 1960, thus there are still nine accepted species. Masenia baroensis n. sp. infected the globe fish, Tetraodon lineatus L., in the Republic of Guinea and differs from its five African congeners and 15 Asian congeners by the combination of circumoral spine count, oral sucker shape, caecal extent, ovary shape, genital pore position, and configuration of the vitellarium. Masenia dayali (Gupta & Puri, 1984) Chandra & Saxena, 2016 and Masenia pushpanjalii are nomina dubia. We propose Masenia ritai (Agrawal, 1964) n. comb., with M. ritai Sircar & Sinha, 1970 its junior synonym. Heterorchis cf. crumenifer (identified tentatively due to egg size) is reported from the West African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen), in Mozambique (new geographical record). Heterorchis protopteri Thomas, 1958 and Heterorchis ghanensis Thomas, 1968 are species inquirendae. Sequences (28S rDNA) from these parasites were included in a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with 37 other ingroup taxa. Both new species formed a clade with Masenia nkomatiensis Dumbo, Dos Santos & Avenant-Oldewage, 2019 from Africa. These three species formed a sister relationship with the other available cephalogonimids: Cephalogonimus americanus Stafford, 1902 and Cephalogonimus retusus (Dujardin, 1845), both frog parasites from North America and Europe, respectively. Heterorchis cf. crumenifer represented a distinct lineage within the Plagiorchioidea but formed a polytomy with species from 10 plagiorchioid families. [Display omitted] • Two new species in Cephalogonimidae, Emoleptalea mozambiquensis and Masenia baroensis. • Large subunit ribosomal DNA based phylogeny unites the new species as close relatives. • Affinity of Heterorchis with the Plagiorchioidea is demonstrated in the phylogeny. • Family group name for Heterorchis remains enigmatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotator cuff tears involving the musculotendinous junction with a significant amount of tendon still attached to the footprint laterally represent a challenging scenario for shoulder arthroscopists. Because of these challenges, adjunctive techniques to bridge tissue gaps may be required, and biologic augmentation may be considered to improve the healing environment. The following technique presents a stepwise approach to accomplishing the dual goals of a stable anatomic repair and biologic augmentation of this difficult pattern of rotator cuff pathology. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the United States, there are governmental benefits and policies in place to support breastfeeding mothers as they return to work. However, the effectiveness and inclusiveness of these policies is not always clear. Because of this, breastfeeding at work, in general, and governmental workplace mandates, specifically, often receive negative press and social media attention as women struggle to reconcile their workplace and lactation demands. To provide evidence-based recommendations for how to best support breastfeeding employees, we use an organizational science perspective to review the existing research for evidence on the (1) effectiveness of the existing legal benefits and supports within the US, and (2) barriers or facilitators that impact benefit success. Through this, we identify areas for improvement and provide suggestions for policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexural mode vibrations of miniature piezoelectric tuning forks (TFs) are known to be highly sensitive to superfluid excitations and quantum turbulence in 3He and 4He quantum fluids, as well as to the elastic properties of solid 4He, complementing studies by large scale torsional resonators. Here, we explore the sensitivity of a TF, capable of simultaneously operating in both the flexural and torsional modes, to excitations in the normal and superfluid 4He. The torsional mode is predominantly sensitive to shear forces at the sensor–fluid interface and much less sensitive to changes in the density of the surrounding fluid when compared to the flexural mode. Although we did not reach the critical velocity for the quantum turbulence onset in the torsional mode, due to its order of magnitude higher frequency and increased acoustic damping, the torsional mode was directly sensitive to fluid excitations, linked to quantum turbulence created by the flexural mode. The combination of two dissimilar modes in a single TF sensor can provide a means to study the details of elementary excitations in quantum liquids and at interfaces between solids and quantum fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neural and cognitive processes underlying the flexible allocation of attention undergo a protracted developmental course with changes occurring throughout adolescence. Despite documented age-related improvements in attentional reorienting throughout childhood and adolescence, the neural correlates underlying such changes in reorienting remain unclear. Herein, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine neural dynamics during a Posner attention-reorienting task in 80 healthy youth (6–14 years old). The MEG data were examined in the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged in anatomical space. During the reorienting of attention, youth recruited a distributed network of regions in the fronto-parietal network, along with higher-order visual regions within the theta (3–7 Hz) and alpha-beta (10–24 Hz) spectral windows. Beyond the expected developmental improvements in behavioral performance, we found stronger theta oscillatory activity as a function of age across a network of prefrontal brain regions irrespective of condition, as well as more limited age- and validity-related effects for alpha-beta responses. Distinct brain-behavior associations between theta oscillations and attention-related symptomology were also uncovered across a network of brain regions. Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate developmental effects in the spectrally-specific neural oscillations serving the flexible allocation of attention. • The development of cortical dynamics supporting attention reorienting were examined. • Theta and alpha-beta range oscillations were observed across a distributed network. • Marked age-related increases in prefrontal theta oscillations were observed. • Greater attention symptomology related to lower theta during attention reorienting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper perineal (pericare) and Foley care are important steps in Foley maintenance to reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). At a quaternary academic medical center, there was an increase in CAUTI during a time when cleansing products were altered. Prior to October 2019, intensive care units (ICUs) utilized a cleansing foam for incontinence care. From October 2019 to January 2022, the cleansing foam was removed to promote the use of barrier cream wipes to address an increase in pressure injuries. Beginning February 2022, the cleansing foam was returned to the ICUs, in addition to barrier cream wipes. During these transitions, products in general care did not change. To determine whether the removal of cleansing foam contributed to a rise in CAUTI, the incidence rate before foam removal, foam removal, and foam introduction was calculated and compared. We conducted a retrospective analysis of CAUTI before product change (Foam 1: July 2017-September 2019), product change (No Foam: October 2019-January 2022), and product reintroduction (Foam 2: February 2022-December 2022). We pulled a report of all CAUTIs, categorized them by ICU or general care, and calculated the incidence rates (IR) per 100-catheter days as defined by the National Healthcare and Safety Network (NHSN). The IR of CAUTI for the ICUs during Foam 1, No Foam, and Foam 2 were 8.2, 10.6, and 9.2 per 100-catheter days respectively. The IR of CAUTI for general care for Foam 1, No Foam, and Foam 2 were 6.6, 8.7, and 7.7 per 100-catheter days, respectively. There was a similar rise and fall in the incidence of CAUTI in ICU as in general care where the cleansing practices were not altered. The increase in CAUTI is more likely due to the pandemic and missed pericare opportunities rather than the withdrawal of the cleansing foam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) is the current benchmark used in hospital-associated infection (HAI) surveillance, and effective interventions have greatly reduced the incidence in recent years. However, bloodstream infections (BSI) continue to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Therefore, using hospital-onset bloodstream infections (HOBSI) as a benchmark may be a more sensitive indicator of preventable BSI. Our objective is to calculate the rate of HOBSI from all intravenous and intra-arterial catheters, not just those that end in the great vessels near the heart. We will then compare CLABSI and HOBSI rates to evaluate whether HOBSI will better represent the number of preventable BSIs and thus improve HAI surveillance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all positive blood cultures (n=763) among patients admitted to an acute, tertiary hospital from July 2018 to June 2019. We collected information from electronic medical charts to determine if each blood culture met the HOBSI criteria according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare and Safety Network (NHSN) LabID and BSI definitions. Finally, we calculated the incidence rates per 10,000 patient-days for both definitions and compared them to the CLABSI rate for the same period. The incidence rate (IR) of HOBSI using the NHSN LabID definition was 10.25 per 10,000 patient-days. After excluding all HOBSIs that were secondary to other infections using the NHSN BSI definition, we found an IR of 3.77 per 10,000 patient-days. The IR of CLABSI for the same period was 1.84 per 10,000 patient-days. After excluding secondary BSIs, the HOBSI rate is still double that of the CLABSI rate. HOBSI surveillance is a more sensitive indicator of BSI than CLABSI, and thus a better target for monitoring effectiveness of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complex traits typically involve diverse biological pathways and are shaped by numerous genetic and environmental factors. Pregnancy-associated traits and pathologies are further complicated by extensive communication across multiple tissues in two individuals, interactions between two genomes-maternal and fetal-that obscure causal variants and lead to genetic conflict, and rapid evolution of pregnancy-associated traits across mammals and in the human lineage. Given the multi-faceted complexity of human pregnancy, integrative approaches that synthesize diverse data types and analyses harbor tremendous promise to identify the genetic architecture and environmental influences underlying pregnancy-associated traits and pathologies.Methods: We review current research that addresses the extreme complexities of traits and pathologies associated with human pregnancy.Results: We find that successful efforts to address the many complexities of pregnancy-associated traits and pathologies often harness the power of many and diverse types of data, including genome-wide association studies, evolutionary analyses, multi-tissue transcriptomic profiles, and environmental conditions.Conclusion: We propose that understanding of pregnancy and its pathologies will be accelerated by computational platforms that provide easy access to integrated data and analyses. By simplifying the integration of diverse data, such platforms will provide a comprehensive synthesis that transcends many of the inherent challenges present in studies of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species richness and composition of the metazoan parasite communities of 2 ictalurid catfishes (yellow bullhead [ Ameiurus natalis] and channel catfish [ Ictalurus punctatus]) were compared from within the Big Thicket National Preserve in southeastern Texas, U.S.A., to areas outside the preserve. Ninety-five fishes were sampled from 2009 to 2013 from 6 sites each inside and outside the Preserve, and 31 species of parasites were recovered (27 species from inside and 14 species from outside). Comparison of species accumulation curves utilizing recently developed methods demonstrated significant differences in the species richness and composition, the abundance distributions for parasite communities as a whole, or both, and of the community of channel catfish considered alone. Additional univariate and multivariate analyses and observations confirmed significant differences in the species composition and abundance of these parasite communities. The parasite community inside the Preserve is dominated by adult endohelminths representing both ictalurid specialists that are either absent or less abundant outside the Preserve. Additionally, generalist parasites more commonly parasitizing other fishes were more speciose and abundant inside the Preserve. The differences observed in the present investigation suggest that the waters of the Big Thicket National Preserve harbor more diverse and abundant fish, invertebrate communities, or both, thus leading to higher diversity and abundance of their parasite communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]