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A middle-aged man with a history of clubbing and cyanosis, easy fatigability, and systolic and faint diastolic murmurs in the second intercostal space was referred to our echocardiography laboratory. Echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular size and function with paradoxical septal motion and severely dilated right ventricle with mild systolic dysfunction.

A 27-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II) of 2-year duration.

A 28-year-old man presented with chest pain of 1-year duration. Physical examination revealed a harsh holosystolic murmur at the apex and lower left sternal border.

A 27-year-old woman, who had undergone surgery for an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) at childhood, presented with recent dyspnea on exertion (functional class I). She had one child and had a holosystolic murmur at the apex.

A 32-year-old man was referred for the evaluation of the cause of a stroke. He had suffered an ischemic cerebral stroke 2 months previously.

A 22-year-old man presented with fever of 1-month duration. He was a known case of dextrocardia and situs inversus from childhood. Physical examination revealed a systolic ejection murmur at the right sternal border and right precordium, cyanosis and clubbing, an ejection systolic murmur at the second right intercostal space, and a holosystolic murmur at the right apex. On transthoracic echocardiography, the left atrium was located on the right side of the right atrium. All the images were obtained from the right precordium, with the patient lying in the right lateral decubitus position.

A 47-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class III) of recent duration. Transthoracic echocardiography showed mild left ventricular dilation and a normal systolic function.

A 34-year-old woman presenting with dyspnea on exertion (functional class III) was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for a precise evaluation of her severe mitral regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction prior to surgery.

A 35-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II) of recent accentuation. Physical examination showed a systolic ejection murmur at the pulmonic area. Electrocardiography revealed a prominent R in the right precordial leads.

A 46-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class III) of recent duration. She was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for a further evaluation of aortic insufficiency [123].

An 18-year-old old female, who had dyspnea on exertion (functional class III) and cyanosis, was referred to our echocardiography laboratory.

A 33-year-old male athlete presented with palpitation and dyspnea of recent duration (within the previous 3 months). Electrocardiography was normal. Physical examination revealed a faint continuous murmur at the lower sternal border.

A 69-year-old man presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II). Physical examination revealed an ejection systolic murmur at the pulmonic area. Electrocardiography showed right-axis deviation and a prominent R in the right precordial leads.

A 40-year-old woman was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for decision-making about a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and rull out of Gerbode defect (VSD between the left ventricle and right atrium). She was asymptomatic and had a holosystolic murmur (grade II/VI) at the lower left sternal border.

A 57-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II) of 1-year duration. She had a history of breast ductal invasive carcinoma 2 years previously and had undergone mastectomy and chemotherapy. She was nulliparous. Physical examination revealed a holosystolic murmur at the apex and the lower left sternal border. Electrocardiography showed normal sinus rhythm and left axis deviation.

A 28-year-old woman presented with a history of palpitation and frequent episodes of pneumonia. Physical examination revealed a continuous murmur (grade II/VI) in the second and third left intercostal spaces with accentuation of the systolic part in late systole. The patient’s blood pressure was about 135/60 mmHg, and she had no cyanosis or clubbing. Echocardiography demonstrated mild left ventricular dilation and normal systolic function as well as normal right ventricular size and systolic function.

A young woman presented with a history of long-standing easy fatigability and recent exacerbation of dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination revealed a harsh systolic murmur (grade IV/VI) at the left sternal border and clubbing.

A middle-aged woman with a history of palpitation and a continuous murmur (grade II/VI) in the second intercostal space was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for further evaluation. Echocardiography revealed a mild left ventricular dilation with a normal systolic function.

A 17-year-old female presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II) since childhood. Physical examination showed cyanosis and clubbing. Oxygen saturation was 80 % in air room. The electrocardiogram revealed right-axis deviation and a tall R in lead V1.

A 57-year-old woman was referred to our center for decision-making regarding an atrial septal defect (ASD). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with a gradient of about 40 mmHg.

A 4-year-old boy was referred to our center for an evaluation of cyanosis. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed a tall P wave, and the axis of the frontal leads was superior.

A 43-year-old man was referred for the evaluation of the cause of a transient ischemic attack.

A 15-year-old girl presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II) and cyanosis. Physical examination revealed an ejection-type murmur at the pulmonic area. The electrocardiogram showed right-axis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy.

A 23-year-old man presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II). Physical examination revealed a harsh systolic murmur at the lower left sternal border and apex.

A 33-year-old man was referred to our center due to sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT).

A young man presented with a history of frequent episodes of palpitation and exercise intolerance of 3-month duration. Physical examination showed a blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg, regular pulse rate of 85 beats per minute, normal jugular venous pressure, widely split S1 with a loud tricuspid component (sail sound), right-sided third heart sound, and pansystolic murmur, which increased with inspiration and could be best heard at the lower left sternal border. The body surface area was equal to 1.7 m2. The patient was a candidate for the radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a normal left ventricular size with mild systolic dysfunction and a left ventricular ejection fraction of about 45 %. The right ventricular systolic function, in terms of the fractional area change (FAC), was normal (FAC = 66 %).

A middle-aged woman with a history of palpitation and dyspnea on exertion (functional class II) was referred to our echocardiography laboratory. A previous transthoracic echocardiographic examination had shown an ASD (ostium secundum type), and she was referred for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to evaluate suitability for the ASD device closure.

A 29-year-old woman was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for fetal heart echocardiography. She was pregnant with twins.

A young woman with a history of easy fatigability and cyanosis with clubbing was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for cardiac evaluation.

A 33-year-old man presented with a seizure of recent onset. He was a known case of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) from childhood. Physical examination showed a harsh systolic murmur at the lower sternal border and apex.

A 22-year-old woman was referred to our clinic because of multiple abortions. She had dyspnea on exertion (functional class II). Physical examination revealed an early diastolic murmur in the aortic area. The O2 saturation of the patient was 83 % by pulse oximetry in room air. Electrocardiography showed normal sinus rhythm, right axis deviation, and equal R and S in lead V1. Chest X-ray revealed hypovascularity of the lungs and cardiomegaly. Transthoracic echocardiography showed normal left ventricular size and mild systolic dysfunction, normal right ventricular size and function, and mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation with a tricuspid regurgitation gradient of about 70 mmHg.

A 17-year-old girl presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class I) of 1-year duration. She was a known case of ventricular septal defect (VSD) since childhood. Physical examination revealed a holosystolic murmur at the apex and the left sternal border.

A 57-year-old woman, who had undergone device closure for an atrial septal defect (ASD) (ostium secundum type) 2 months previously, was referred for transthoracic echocardiography. She had no symptoms.

A 32-year-old woman, who had been followed up in our center for the previous 8 years, developed atypical chest pain. Physical examination showed a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border.

A 22-year-old woman presented with atypical chest pain of 2-year duration. Physical examination revealed a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border.

A 34-year-old woman with a history of one episode of transient ischemic attack was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for the evaluation of its cause. Physical examination revealed the fixed splitting of S2 and a holosystolic murmur (grade II/VI) at the left sternal border.

A 16-year-old male, completely asymptomatic with a history of surgery for ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure 2 years previously, was referred to us for follow-up echocardiography. Physical examination revealed a continuous murmur (grade IV/VI) at the left sternal border.

A 36-year-old woman was referred to our echocardiography laboratory before surgical consultation. She was under work-up for infertility. She had no dyspnea or other cardiac symptoms. Physical examination showed a systolic ejection murmur with maximal intensity at the pulmonic area. Electrocardiography showed right-axis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy (tall R in lead V1).

A 20-year-old woman with a history of atypical chest pain was referred to our echocardiography laboratory for more precise evaluation. Physical examination showed a systolic ejection murmur (grade III/VI) and a diastolic murmur (grade II/VI) in the second left intercostal space. Echocardiography revealed normal left and right ventricular sizes and functions, together with mild right ventricular hypertrophy.

A 38-year-old woman presented with a history of palpitation and a systolic ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border. She had given birth to two children without symptoms, and her body surface area was equal to 1.7/m2. Echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular and right ventricular sizes and systolic functions.

A young man with a history of atypical chest pain was referred to our echocardiography laboratory. Physical examination revealed a systolic ejection murmur (grade III/VI) in the aortic area. Echocardiography showed normal left and right ventricular sizes and functions as well as mild concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.

A 37-year-old man presented with dyspnea on exertion (functional class II). Transthoracic echocardiography showed normal left ventricular size and systolic function, severe right atrial and ventricular dilation, mild tricuspid regurgitation, and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure of about 42 mmHg.