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A Defiant and Critical Female Voice in the Eighteenth Century: Mary Hays and the Memoirs of Emma Courtney. Mary Hays was heavily engaged in examining the position of woman in the patriarchal society of the Age of Enlightenment. The eponymous heroine in Hays’ Memoirs of Emma Courtney becomes the embodiment of female defiance against patriarchal constraints by expressing explicitly her sexual desires and emotions. This article aims at investigating Hays’s critique of the social and sexual restrictions and oppressions exerted on women in the late eighteenth century. REZUMAT. O voce feminină sfidătoare și critică în secolul al XVIII-lea: Mary Hays şi Memoriile Emmei Courtney. Mary Hays a fost extrem de interesată să prezinte poziţia femeii în societatea patriarhală din Secolul Luminilor. Eroina principală a lui Hays din Memoriile Emmei Courtney devine întruchiparea sfidării feminine a constrângerilor patriarhale prin exprimarea explicită a dorinţelor sale sexuale şi a emoţiilor sale. Prezentul articol analizează modul în care Hays critică oprimarea și restricţiile sociale şi sexuale exercitate asupra femeilor din secolul al XVIII-lea. Cuvinte cheie: Mary Hays, Memoriile Emmei Courtney, gender, iluminism, patriarhie, sfidarea feminină, romanul secolului al XVIII-lea.

Sciatica is defined as pain in the sciatic nerve distribution. The most common reason of sciatica is radiculopathy due to lumbar disc hernia. Other causes can be congenital, acquired, infectious, neoplastic, or inflammatory. The piriformis syndrome is another cause. The pain starts in an insidious manner when the cause of sciatica is an extraspinal tumor. It is intermittent at first but a constant and progressive pain that does not decrease with position or rest gradually develops in all patients. The possibility of an intraabdominal or pelvic mass should always be considered and the relevant tests requested when the cause of the sciatica cannot be explained. We present an 83-year-old male who presented with non-traumatic and non-vascular lumbosacral plexopathy due to a large hematoma in the left adductor muscle following the use of warfarin sodium.

Rathke's cleft cyst is a benign lesion of embryological origin with sellar-suprasellar localization. It is found in 12-33% of normal pituitary glands in autopsy series. Although it is mostly asymptomatic, it can cause symptoms by compressing surrounding neural and pituitary tissues. The most common symptoms are endocrine problems, visual problems and headache. Uncommonly, the lesion can present with apoplexy. It is rarely reported outside sellar-suprasellar sites, such as the cerebellopontine angle, prepontine cistern, and intrasphenoidal locations. We present an intrasphenoidal Rathke's cleft cyst found during investigation of a headache and operated on. We discussed the case with literature review and two similar reported cases.

Spinal epidural cavernomas are quite rare lesions and only 5% of all cavernomas are located in the spine. The lesions are most commonly localized in the thoracic region. The differential diagnosis includes neurogenic tumors, lymphoma, schwannoma, meningioma, multiple myeloma, Ewing's sarcoma and metastasis. A 40-year-old male patient presented with paraplegia and MR images revealed an epidural soft tissue constricting the right posterolateral of the cord at the T6 level. Pathology showed cavernous hemangioma. A literature search revealed no other case that so closely mimicked metastasis by invading all components of the thoracic vertebra and also expanding to the epidural distance. We therefore present the case emphasizing these features.

Goal: The olfactory region function disorders and olfactory bulb volume changes in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are defined. In this study, the olfactory bulb values of patients diagnosed with major depression in accordance with DMS-IV criteria, are measured with MRI, and these values are compared with the values of healthy volunteers to see if there are any statistically significant changes. Method: The study was carried out with 20 healthy volunteers and 20 patients who had been diagnosed with acute major depression in accordance with ‘diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders’ (DMS) IV criteria and have been getting treatment for more than 2 years in Istanbul Education and Research Hospital. 1,5 Tesla MRI were used in 40 cases, and the olfactory bulb volume on two hemispheres were measured separately. Results: Contrary to the former studies, we found no statistically significant difference between the olfactory bulb volume measurements of the control group and the group diagnosed with major depression.

This paper analyzes the twin crises in Turkey experienced in 2000 and 2001. After a detailed survey of currency crisis models, together with a brief descriptive overview of the crises in Turkey, the similarities among the twin crises in Turkey and the models that have been developed to explain preceding crises in the world are investigated. It is found that the Turkish twin crises cannot be explained by using any individual generation of models, namely first generation models, second generation models or third generation models. Instead, a combination of these models is more appropriate to explain the details of the twin crises.

La compatibilidad entre islam y democracia ha sido objeto de análisis desde el 11-S en círculos académicos, así como parte de la política exterior estadounidense en Oriente Medio. A falta de consenso sobre las causas de tal incompatibilidad, este artículo conduce, desde el análisis histórico, a explorar los límites de la “europeización” del partido en el poder en Turquía, el Partido de la Justicia y el Desarrollo (AKP). ¿Estamos ante una “democracia cristiana” alla turca que ha sabido armonizar los valores islámicos y europeos o, más bien, ante un AKP cuyo principal propósito sigue siendo la islamización de la sociedad turca?

Toplumda devamlılık gösteren şiddet günümüzde yaygın olarak kadınlara yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Helin Palandöken cinayeti çerçevesince kadına yönelik şiddet olaylarında sosyal medyada nefret söyleminin yeniden üretimini incelemeye yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, toplumsal cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyete yönelik kuramlar, Türk toplumunda toplumsal cinsiyetin dünü ve bugünü, kadına yönelik şiddet ile şiddeti ortaya çıkaran etmenler, sosyal medyada ötekileştirme ve nefret söyleminin yeniden üretimi ele alınmıştır. Örnek olay bağlamında sosyal medya platformlarında kullanıcıların oluşturduğu, herhangi bir denetimden geçmeyen içerikler toplumun şiddet olayına karşı tepkisini, kullanıcıların söylemleriyle olayı değerlendirme biçimlerini anlamak, bu doğrultuda ortaya çıkan nefretin sürece nasıl dâhil olduğunu belirlemek amacıyla içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Belirlenen tarih aralığında sosyal medya platformlarından Facebook, Instagram ve Twitter’da kullanıcıların yaptıkları yorumlardan elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, şiddet olayına tepki gösteren kullanıcıların şiddeti teşvik edici yorumlar yaptıkları, şiddetin kısır bir döngü içinde devam ettiği, platformların eril dilin, cinsiyetçi küfür dilinin ve nefret söyleminin üretildiği bir alana dönüştüğü, şiddet uygulayıcısının annesine yönelik olarak üretilen nefret söylemiyle yine bir kadının ötekileştirildiği ve cinsiyetçi nefret söyleminin yeniden üretildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

In this study, fiscal decentralization in Turkey was first considered in terms of the size of local governments within the general government at the macro level, and then the differentiation of fiscal decentralization among the local governments on the basis of selected provinces was examined. The revenue and expenditures of local governments in Turkey have increased as a proportion of GDP, while the level of fiscal decentralization has shown a distinctive structure, especially since the 2000s. Results indicate that there is no efficient calculation methodology for achieving vertical equality. The objective for achieving horizontal equalization in the transfer system remains also limited. Fiscal decentralization rates differ between provinces. Intergovernmental revenue sharing system and differentiation in own-source revenues mainly resulting from the income levels of the regions clearly shows that there has been an inadequate vertical and horizontal imbalances and current sharing system somehow increases inequalities among provinces.