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Hsisosuchus, with three known species, was the most common genus of crocodyliforms in the Sichuan Basin during the Jurassic. However, the overall shape of the ventral trunk shield of osteoderms has not been clarified due to the lack of complete specimens. A new specimen of Hsisosuchus recently recovered from the Upper Jurassic of Yunnan has the nearly complete ventral trunk shield preserved. This specimen provides an example for the first time for us to understand the shape and the way of the arrangement of the osteoderms in the ventral trunk shield in the genus. Compared with the articulated part of the ventral trunk shield preserved in two of the three species of the genus, the osteoderms of the ventral trunk shield of the new specimen are different in both shape and way of arrangement, indicating that the pattern of the ventral trunk shield is not constant within Hsisosuchus. With no skull and much of the postcranial skeleton poorly preserved as well as no corresponding element that can be used to compare with all the three species, the new specimen was considered as an indeterminate species of Hsisosuchus, awaiting more materials to clarify the problem.

A novel solvate ionic liquid-derived solid polymer electrolyte was constructed for lithium metal batteries by incorporating a [Li(G4)1][TFSI] solution containing LiBOB as a functional additive into the PVDF-HFP matrix.

To comprehensively assess osteoporosis in the lumbar spine, a compositional MR imaging technique is proposed to quantify proton fractions for all the water components as well as fat in lumbar vertebrae measured by a combination of a 3D short repetition time adiabatic inversion recovery prepared ultrashort echo time (STAIR-UTE) MRI and IDEAL-IQ.A total of 182 participants underwent MRI, quantitative CT, and DXA. Lumbar collagen-bound water proton fraction (CBWPF), free water proton fraction (FWPF), total water proton fraction (TWPF), bone mineral density (BMD), and T-score were calculated in three vertebrae (L2-L4) for each subject. The correlations of the CBWPF, FWPF, and TWPF with BMD and T-score were investigated respectively. A comprehensive diagnostic model combining all the water components and clinical characteristics was established. The performances of all the water components and the comprehensive diagnostic model to discriminate between normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis cohorts were also evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC).The CBWPF showed strong correlations with BMD (r = 0.85, p0.001) and T-score (r = 0.72, p0.001), while the FWPF and TWPF showed moderate correlations with BMD (r = 0.65 and 0.68, p0.001) and T-score (r = 0.47 and 0.49, p0.001). The high area under the curve values obtained from ROC analysis demonstrated that CBWPF, FWPF, and TWPF have the potential to differentiate the normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis cohorts. At the same time, the comprehensive diagnostic model shows the best performance.The compositional MRI technique, which quantifies CBWPF, FWPF, and TWPF in trabecular bone, is promising in the assessment of bone quality.• Compositional MR imaging technique is able to quantify proton fractions for all the water components (i.e., collagen-bound water proton fraction (CBWPF), free water proton fraction (FWPF), and total water proton fraction (TWPF)) in the human lumbar spine. • The biomarkers derived from the compositional MR imaging technique showed moderate to high correlations with bone mineral density (BMD) and T-score and showed good performance in distinguishing people with different bone mass. • The comprehensive diagnostic model incorporating CBWPF, FWPF, TWPF, and clinical characteristics showed the highest clinical diagnostic capability for the assessment of osteoporosis.

The cross-border power regulation constraint optimization model based on the improved differential evolution algorithm is studied to effectively regulate and constrain the cross-border power system, ensure the safe and stable operation of the cross-border power system and reduce emissions and fuel consumption. Build a cross-border power and energy Internet model with the tie line as the main medium to realize domestic and overseas information exchange. On this basis, take the minimum total emissions and the minimum total fuel consumption of the generator as the objective function, and take the unit output, system load, active power output and climbing constraints as the constraints, build a cross-border power regulation constraint optimization model, and apply the multi group improved differential evolution algorithm to solve the model, Obtain a cross-border power regulation and restriction scheme that minimizes the total emissions and the total fuel consumption of generators. The experimental results show that this method can realize the cross-border power regulation constraint optimization. After the power regulation constraint optimization, the total emissions and generator fuel consumption are small, and the power generation capacity can meet the load demand and achieve the balance of supply and demand.

Abstract: Gut Microbiota (GM) are microorganisms that live in the host gastrointestinal tract, and their abundance varies throughout the host’s life. With the development of sequencing technology, the role of GM in various diseases has been increasingly elucidated. Unlike earlier studies on orthopedic diseases, this review elucidates the correlation between GM health and bone health and discusses the potential mechanism of GM effects on host metabolism, inflammation, and ability to induce or aggravate some common orthopedic diseases, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Finally, the prospective methods of GM manipulation and evaluation of potential GM-targeting strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases are reviewed.

In lithium metal batteries (LMB), unrestricted growth of lithium dendrites will pierce the separator and cause an internal short circuit. Therefore, we designed modified separator with an InN thin layer, which could be in situ converted into a binary mixed-modified layer of Li-In alloy and Li

Automated measurement of spine indices on axial magnetic resonance (MR) images plays a significant role in lumbar spinal stenosis diagnosis. Existing direct spine indices measurement approaches fail to explicitly focus on the task-specific region or feature channel with the additional information for guiding. We aim to achieve accurate spine indices measurement by introducing the guidance of the segmentation task.In this paper, we propose a segmentation-guided regression network (SGRNet) to achieve automated spine indices measurement. SGRNet consists of a segmentation path for generating the spine segmentation prediction and a regression path for producing spine indices estimation. The segmentation path is a U-Net-like network which includes a segmentation encoder and a decoder which generates multilevel segmentation features and segmentation prediction. The proposed segmentation-guided attention module (SGAM) in the regression encoder extracts the attention-aware regression feature under the guidance of the segmentation feature. Based on the attention-aware regression feature, a fully connected layer is utilized to output the accurate spine indices estimation.Experiments on the open-access Lumbar Spine MRI data set show that SGRNet achieves state-of-the-art performance with a mean absolute error of 0.49 mm and mean Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.956 for four indices estimation.The proposed SGAM in SGRNet is capable of improving the performance of spine indices measurement by focusing on the task-specific region and feature channel under the guidance of the segmentation task.

Pipeline transportation has become an effective way to transport sludge from wastewater treatment plants due to its high transportation efficiency, low operating cost, and low environmental pollution. Before designing and optimizing the sludge-conveying pipeline, it is first necessary to analyze the rheological properties of the sludge. In this paper, activated sludge with varying volume concentrations (Cw) of 2.38%, 3.94%, and 5.39% was used as the research object. Under three temperature (T) conditions of 293 K, 298 K, and 303 K, the sludge concentration and temperature were investigated, and based on the results, a rheological model of activated sludge was established. The experimental results indicated that the upward and downward paths of the shear stress change curve were generally similar but did not overlap, and a hysteresis loop was formed between the two due to the characteristics of sludge shear thinning. The limiting viscosity of sludge with different concentrations increased with the increase in sludge concentration. This phenomenon was caused by the differences in the internal flocculent network structure of sludge with different concentrations and the different fluid flow effects. At different shear rates, the shear stress and sludge viscosity in the experiment decreased with the increase in temperature. The stability of the test sludge was weakened with the increase in temperature. Additionally, the viscosity of sludge decreased with the increase in shear rate and then stabilized, exhibiting shear thinning characteristics. The above rheological properties were described using the Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley models.

Solar desalination is expected to solve the problem of global water shortage. Yet its stability is plagued by salt accumulation. Here, a paper-based thermal radiation-enabled evaporation system (TREES) is demonstrated to achieve sustainable and highly efficient salt-collecting desalination, featuring a dynamic evaporation front based on the accumulated salt layer where water serves as its own absorber via energy down-conversion. When processing 7 wt % brine, it continuously evaporates water at a high rate─2.25 L m

Biological and abiotic stresses such as salt, extreme temperatures, and pests and diseases place major constraints on plant growth and crop yields. Fatty acids (FAs) and FA- derivatives are unique biologically active substance that show a wide range of functions in biological systems. They are not only participated in the regulation of energy storage substances and cell membrane plasm composition, but also extensively participate in the regulation of plant basic immunity, effector induced resistance and systemic resistance and other defense pathways, thereby improving plant resistance to adversity stress. Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) is involved in the desaturation of fatty acids, where desaturated fatty acids can be used as substrates for FA-derivatives.In this paper, the role of omega-FADs (ω-3 FADs and ω-6 FADs) in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis in plant defense against stress (biological and abiotic stress) and the latest research progress were summarized. Moreover' the existing problems in related research and future research directions were also discussed.Fatty acid desaturases are involved in various responses of plants during biotic and abiotic stress. For example, it is involved in regulating the stability and fluidity of cell membranes, reactive oxygen species signaling pathways, etc. In this review, we have collected several experimental studies to represent the differential effects of fatty acid desaturases on biotic and abiotic species.Fatty acid desaturases play an important role in regulating biotic and abiotic stresses.

Background: To describe and compare the different clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with pediatric idiopathic and secondary macular epiretinal membranes (ERMs). Methods: A cohort of pediatric patients (≤14years) underwent surgical removal of macular ERMs were selected from January 2019 to September 2021. Those patients were grouped into idiopathic macular ERMs group and secondary macular ERMs group, medical data including ocular manifestations were assessed and compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results :A total of 41 patients (50 eyes) were included, mean age at surgery was 6.5 years (3～14 years), mean follow-up duration was 19.5months (12～31 months). Fourteen of the 41 patients (34.1%) had idiopathic macular ERMs. Compared with secondary macular ERMs, pediatric idiopathic ERMs had an older age at surgery(p=0.032) and were mostly found fortuitously by school visual acuity (VA) screening(p=0.028) with more cases with appearance of cellophane macular reflex (p=0.047); on OCT images, idiopathic macular ERMs were more likely to have taco folds (p=0.031)and less ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruptions (p=0.026) ; idiopathic macular ERMs were more likely to have better preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)(pConclusion: Pediatric idiopathic macular ERMs have many different clinical characteristics compared with that of pediatric secondary macular ERMs; surgical removal of pediatric macular ERMs results in VA improvement with less postoperative complications in pediatric idiopathic ERMs. Trial registration: Retrospective case series study, not applicable. NCT2378898

Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor with wide bandgap has aroused intensive attentions because they can endure harsh environments and high temperatures. SiC photodetectors based on conventional principles usually detect UV light without the ability of wavelength discrimination. Here, resorting to the charge narrowing collection principle, we realize a highly sensitive filterless narrowband 4H-SiC photodetector. The 4H-SiC layer is sufficiently thick to facilitate charge collection narrowing of the device’s external quantum efficiency spectrum, inducing a full width at half-maxima of 14.5 nm at the peak wavelength of 355 nm. Thanks to the Fermi level pinning effect, the proposed photodetector can fully eliminate the injection current; thus it works as a photovoltaic type device with a remarkably low dark current. Consequently, the devices renders a photo-to-dark current ratio as high as 4×107, superior to the performances of most of reported 4H-SiC UV photodetectors. In addition, the device can detect light signals with a power density as low as 96.8 pW/cm2, more than two orders of magnitude superior to that of the commercial product based on the photodiode principle. Moreover, it can endure high temperature of 350 °C, demonstrating bright prospects in harsh industry conditions.

Supplementary Figure Legends & Tables

Figure S1. Efficacy of pemetrexed in Lewis Lung carcinoma model and metabolomic analysis of MC38 tumor bearing mice treated with 50 mg/kg of pemetrexed Figure S2. T cell inflamed phenotype induced by pemetrexed is modestly reduced in tumors upon combination with cisplatin Figure S3. Combination Effects of pemetrexed -/+ anti-PD-L1 in MC38, LLC and Colon26 tumor models Figure S4 (A) Mice bearing Colon26 tumors were treated starting 10 days after tumor implantation with pemetrexed (50 mg/kg, 5 days on, 2 days off, IP) and/or anti-PD-L1 (αPD-L1) (500 ug/mouse, weekly IP), and tumors were isolated after 14 days of treatment and single cell suspensions were subjected to flow cytometry analysis. FACS plots show representative data of intra-tumor CD45+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) T cell (CD3+) and Myeloid cell (CD11b+) subsets frequencies; and percentage of Ki67+ CD4+ T effector cells based on the gating scheme indicated. (B) Spleens, TDLNs and tumors were isolated and antigen specific T cell responses were measured by IFNγ ELISpot, gp70 Tetramer staining (Tet) and Intracellular cytokine staining. (Left) CD8 T cells isolated from pooled spleens and TDLNs from individual mice were cultured alone (control) with irrelevant BALB/c tumor EMT6 or cognate Colon26 tumor cells overnight and number of IFNγ producing T cells was measured by ELISpot. (Middle) Freshly isolated CD8+ T cells from spleens and TDLNs were assessed for % of gp70 Tet+ cells. (Right) Freshly isolated tumors single cell suspensions were stimulated with PMA/ phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin with monensin for 4 hrs and the % of TNF-alpha positive and gp70 Tet+ CD8 T cells were measured from the Live CD45+, CD3+ T cells by FACS. Figure S5. Concordance between QuantiGene and nCounter gene expression data for in vitro activated T cells treated in the presence or absence of pemetrexed (related to Figure 6F). Supplementary Table 1. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of MC38 tumors treated with pemetrexed or paclitaxel with or without carboplatin Supplementary Table 2: IPA results for Colon26 experiment in Figure 4 sorted by functional class. Pemetrexed monotherapy in this experiment at this timepoint did not have enough differentially expressed genes to generate IPA results.