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Hải Ninh’s The Little Girl of Hà Nội (1974) captures the traumatic war causalities caused by the US B-52 bombing campaign in December 1972 through the memories of a child witness figure. While the US media typically portrayed Vietnamese children as helpless victims, and mainstream North Vietnamese media portrayed them as heroes, the film presents its child protagonist as both a victim and care agent within her community’s care network. The essay shows that Little Girl foregrounds the caring capability of a wounded community by using care as a structural force and a central aesthetic. I argue that Little Girl produces an aesthetics of care, including visual and sonic motifs to inscribe the tender tone that underscores the images of the damaged city. In this way, the film shows that care has the potential to reframe the narrative of war while avoiding the dominant frozen trope of traumatic memories.

Introduction: The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the incidence of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. The existing literature tends to focus on developed countries and there is lack of research in developing countries. Methods: The studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed and data extracted. There were 20 studies done in Asian and African countries which were included. Results: The incidence of CLP in Asian countries is markedly greater than in African countries. Most studies report a male predominance in CLPs and a female predominance in cleft palates. The male dominance is seen more than other developing countries which is consistent with other Asian countries and the same has been found in African countries. In the Nepalese study, females were slightly more affected than males among all clefts. The incidence or prevalence in the frequency and types of malformations of CLP in developing countries has been provided. Conclusions: The review underlines the need for an aggressive approach to prevent and control CLP in patients in developing countries.

High-performance flexible multilayer transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) based on silver nanowires (AgNWs), graphene oxide (GO), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) materials on the flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate were successfully fabricated by spin-coating technique. The multilayer electrodes were fabricated using different combinations of AgNWs, GO, and PEDOT:PSS materials. The morphological, physical properties, surface roughness, and durability of the fabricated electrodes were investigated. The results indicated that the five-layer structured electrode of PEDOT:PSS/GO/AgNW/GO/PEDOT:PSS possesses the best performance with a sheet resistance of 23 Ω/sq, transmittance of 85 %, and the figure of merit (FoM) value of 8.6, which is equivalent to the commercial ITO electrode. Besides, the five-layer structured electrode possessed a surface roughness of only 8 nm. The PEDOT:PSS/GO/AgNW/GO/PEDOT:PSS electrode also exhibited high durability after being exposed to the environment for 30 days. Owing to the combination of AgNWs, GO, and PEDOT: PSS materials, the five-layer electrode of PEDOT:PSS/GO/AgNW/GO/PEDOT:PSS improved the inherent disadvantages of AgNWs electrodes. In addition, the electrode possessed good conductivity, high stability, low cost, and simplicity. The electrode can be used as a promising electrode in optoelectronic devices.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), caused by the Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is an acute, highly contagious disease of pigs of all ages, especially piglets under one week old, with the mortality rate reaching 95–100%. Developing an effective vaccine against PEDV in Vietnam is urgent. Spike protein containing S1 and S2 subunits is considered the main target for vaccine development, and the S2 subunit contains immunodominant neutralizing epitopes of PEDV. To date, the expression of S2 protein in plants has not been reported and evaluated. In this study, the gene encoding the S2 subunit of a PEDV strain belonging to genotype 2a was amplified, sequenced, and inserted in a pRTRA vector containing the GCN4pII (pII) motif. The plant expression cassette containing S2-pII was then inserted into the pCB301 vector. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the pCB301-S2-pII vector was transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves via agroinfiltration. The accumulation level of S2-pII protein in tobacco leaves was semi-quantified by Western blot, accounting for approximately 86.7 mg/kg of fresh leaves and 1.47% total soluble protein, which was 294-fold higher than the accumulation level of S1-pII protein in our previous publication. S2-pII protein was successfully purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The oligomeric state of S2-pII protein was characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The S2-pII protein was determined to be a multimer protein with a high molecular weight. These results are the basis for more extended studies to develop a plant-based S2 vaccine against PEDV infection.

Objective: To examine mothers’ practical skills in caring for children with ARIs in Tam Thanh commune, Vu Ban district, Nam Dinh province. Participants and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study from September 2020 to June 2021 on 194 mothers with children under 5 years old in Tam Thanh commune, Vu Ban district, Nam Dinh province. Results: Practical skills in caring for children with ARIs achieved an average score of 14.3 ± 5.2/28 points.and only 15.5% of mothers who achieved all 3 practical skills.In which, the temperature measurement technique had the average score of 6.3 ± 1.97/10 points and 43.8% of mothers who passed practice skills. There were 17.5% of mothers who properly dried their children’s armpits and 42.8% of mothers who checked the thermometer with the correct technique. The technique of applying warm compress to reduce fever for children had a low average score of 5.8 ± 1.86 per 9 points and 58.2% of mothers who passed the practice skill. 49% of mothers did the right thing when checking the temperature of the water before applying heat to the baby. 33% of mothers applied the towel in the correct procedure. The chest percussion technique had the lowest average score of 2.1 ± 2.38 per 9 points and 10.8% of mothers who passed the practice skill. The majority of mothers performed the correct posture when pacing the baby’s chest with a rate of 62.9%. However, only 15.5% of mothers performed the correct technique of patting and moving their hands on the baby’s back. Most mothers did not perform the steps of the vibrating procedure correctly. Conclusion: Practical skills in measuring temperature, applying warm compresses to reduce fever, and patting the chest in the care of children with ARIs of mothers were still low.

Background: Adolescence is vulnerable subjects and faces many risks that greatly impact their health and development in the future, but adolescents are not really getting the proper care from the health care system. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of health risk behaviours among adolescents in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam, and to determine related factors to adolescents’ health risk behaviours. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 934 adolescents in Thua Thien Hue province, with a multi-stage sampling method. The Youth Risk Behaviour Survey of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention was used for data collection in this study. The SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyse data. Results: The proportion of overweight-obesity adolescents accounted for 14.6%. The prevalence of adolescent bullying was 14.0%, the higher the adolescent high, the lower the risk of bullying (OR=0.981, p=0.03). The proportion of smoking was low (2.8%), while the alcohol use rate accounted for 10.0%. Adolescents in high school have a higher risk of smoking and alcohol use than those in secondary school. The proportion of adolescents who attempted suicide was slightly high (16.0%). Adolescents who felt lonely, whose parents did not know what the adolescent did in their free time, and does not respect them were several factors that increase suicide intention. Conclusions: School adolescent violence, overweight-obese status, alcohol use, smoking, and suicide intention are health problems occurring among adolescents in Thua Thien Hue. Besides, the feeling of loneliness increases the risk of suicide intention. Adolescents need to receive proper attention from their parents, as well as the healthcare system. Key words: Adolescent; health-risk behaviours; Thua Thien Hue province

Situational tele-mentorship refers to the use of technology to provide interactive, two-way communication between an advisor (the mentor) and a novice (mentee) to enhance the management of a dynamic clinical scenario in real-time.This article develops a conceptual framework to support situational tele-mentorship of healthcare professionals working in rural and remote practices by critically exploring the concept of mentorship within medical education literature and applied to healthcare professionals working in more isolated settings.The situational tele-mentorship framework consists of synchronous telecommunication technologies and the problem-solving process. The end-users of the framework are the mentor located centrally and the mentee dealing with a challenging situation at a remote location using communication technology. The problem-solving process' stages are preparation, identification, action, and evaluation. The mentor and mentee use the 5W1H model, which is a summary of the questions of who, what, where, when, why, and how, applied in two-way communication.This framework provides medical teachers and clinicians with a detailed, yet concise exposition of critical elements required to implement situational tele-mentorship. Healthcare providers can also use this framework to help coordinate resources and manage stakeholders in tele-mentoring situations.

In rice (Oryza sativa L.), crown roots (CRs) have many important roles in processes such as root system expansion, water and mineral uptake, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene are known to control CR initiation and development in rice. However, the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in CR development remained elusive. Here, we report that JA promotes CR development by regulating OsGER4, a rice Germin-like protein. Root phenotyping analysis revealed that exogenous JA treatment induced an increase in CR number in a concentration-dependent manner. A subsequent genome-wide association study and gene expression analyses pinpointed a strong association between the Germin-like protein OsGER4 and the increase in CR number under exogenous JA treatment. The ProGER4::GUS reporter line showed that OsGER4 is a hormone-responsive gene involved in various stress responses, mainly confined to epidermal and vascular tissues during CR primordia development and to vascular bundles of mature crown and lateral roots. Notable changes in OsGER4 expression patterns caused by the polar auxin transport inhibitor NPA support its connection to auxin signaling. Phenotyping experiments with OsGER4 knockout mutants confirmed that this gene is required for CR development under exogenous JA treatment. Overall, our results provide important insights into JA-mediated regulation of CR development in rice.

Understanding how parents, and other primary caregivers, perceive and experience early childhood programs and services is essential for identifying family-centered facilitators and barriers to service utilization. Therefore, this paper aims to explore parent knowledge of and experiences with community efforts of an early childhood system in Illinois: the All Our Kids Early Childhood Networks (AOK Networks). Our research team conducted focus group interviews with 20 parents across four Illinois counties. A semi-structured interview guide was used to examine parent perceptions of an early childhood system’s community efforts in promoting the health and well-being of children aged from birth to five. Thematic network analysis was used to analyze all focus group data. Parents indicated three salient themes, including: (1) comprehensive information sharing practices, (2) diverse service engagement, and (3) barriers to service access. Overall, parents reported general satisfaction with the quality of available services and provided feedback regarding identified areas of need to increase the accessibility and utilization of local services. Engaging parents as partners is essential to the effective implementation of family-centered early childhood services. Families are the experts of their lived experiences, and incorporating their voices in program development and evaluation efforts works to increase positive child and family outcomes.