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The claim that favourite colours reveal individuals’ personalities is popular in the media yet lacks scientific support. We assessed this claim in two stages. First, we catalogued claims from six popular websites, and matched them to key Big Six/HEXACO trait terms, ultimately identifying 11 specific, systematic, testable predictions (e.g., higher Extraversion among those who prefer red, orange, yellow, pink, or turquoise). Next, we tested these predictions in terms of the Big Six personality trait scores and reports of favourite and least favourite colours from 323 Frenchspeaking participants. For every prediction (e.g., red-extraversion), we compared trait scores between participants who chose or did not choose the predicted colour using Welch’s t-tests. We failed to confirm any of the 11 predictions. Further exploratory analyses (MANOVA) revealed no associations between colour preferences and personality trait. Favourite colours appear unrelated to personality, failing to support the practical utility of colour-based personality assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study. The aim of this article is to present the relationship between the auto-aggressive pattern of adaptation and HEXACO personality factors. An auto-aggressive adaptation pattern is an acquired way of responding to the surrounding environment. It is characterized by self-directed aggressive reactions. It is associated with anti-sodal personality disorder and borderline personality disorder. Research method. The participants completed the HEXACO-60 Personality Inventory (Lee, Ashton, 2007) and Questionnaire Jaka/Jaki Jesteś? (What Are You Like?) (Łoś, 2013). The study involved 330 people between the ages of 18 and 40. Results. It has been shown that the auto-aggressive pattern of adaptation statistically significantly correlates with such personality factors as Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness (all adversely), and Emotionality (favourably). No significant relationship with Openness to Experience was found. Conclusion. An auto-aggressive pattern of adaptation is characterized by a system of factors which can cause an individual to become less sodally adapted. The results obtained here can be used in clinical, educational and sodal practice, improving the quality of life of people with such characteristics and increasing the chances of early detection of possible disorders in adolescents. The method was limited by the significantly reduced number of adolescent participants (legal restrictions resulting from the respondents' underage status, or fewer social connections with this age group). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their recent taxonomy of intuitive ethics, Graham et al. (2011) proposed five moral foundations: 1) harm/care; 2) fairness/reciprocity; 3) ingroup/loyalty; 4) authority/respect, and 5) purity/sanctity. The main aim of this study was to locate these five moral foundations in the HEXACO personality model. The HEXACO model, proposed by Ashton and Lee (2001, 2007), consists of 6 dimensions of personality: honesty/humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Our aim was also to identify gender differences in moral foundations and personality dimensions. The research sample included 149 adult inhabitants of Slovakia. The mean age was 23.07 (SD = 4.83) and ranged from 18 to 40 years. Two questionnaires were utilized in this study: MFQ-30 (Graham et al., 2011) for measuring the five moral foundations and HEXACO-60 (Ashton & Lee, 2009) for measuring the six personality dimensions. A comparison of men and women showed that women scored higher in the moral foundation of harm/care, which is in line with the results of Niazi et al. (2020). According to Niazi et al. (2020) women scored higher than men also in moral foundations of fairness/reciprocity and purity/sanctity, however our results showed no gender differences in those moral foundations. Women scored higher than men also in personality dimensions of honesty/humility and emotionality, which is in line with the results of previous studies (Lee & Ashton 2004, 2006, 2018; Záškodná & Dostál, 2016). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the personality dimensions of HEXACO significantly predicted the moral foundations, explaining 7.40%-18.40% of the variance of moral foundations. Our findings do not differ significantly from the results of Međedović and Petrović (2016), who state that personality dimensions explain from 6% to 23% of moral foundations. The results of our study showed that the moral foundation of harm/care was best predicted by gender (woman), emotionality and extraversion. Fairness/reciprocity was best predicted by emotionality and extraversion, while ingroup/loyalty by emotionality, extraversion and openness to experience. The moral foundation of authority/respect was predicited by conscientiousness and emotionality and finally, purity/sanctity was best predicted by honesty/humility, emotionality and conscientiousness. Overall, the best predictors of moral foundations were personality dimensions of emotionality and extraversion. We would like to point out two interesting/surprising facts: 1) the personality dimension of honesty/humility predicts just one moral foundation (purity/sanctity) and 2) the personality dimension of agreeableness is not related to moral foundations at all. Utilizing the personality dimensions, the moral foundations can be characterized as follows: Those who care are extroverted and emotional women. Fair and loyal people are emotional and extroverted, while loyal persons are also open to experience. Authority and sanctity could be characterized by conscientiousness and emotionality, while sanctity is also honest/humble. In conclusion, this is the first study in Slovakia that aims to locate five moral foundations in the area of six dimensions of the HEXACO personality model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social dominance orientation (SDO), i.e. the preference toward egalitarian or hierarchically arranged relations within a society may be studied from social/contextual, but also dispositional perspective. The aim of the present study was to explore genetic and environmental contribution to the individual differences in SDO, and its overlap with HEXACO personality traits, both at phenotypic and latent genetic and environmental levels. The sample consisted of 830 Croatian twins aged 19 to 28 years who filled-in the self-report measures. Data analyses indicated the heritability of SDO was over 40%, with no evidence for the common environmental influences. SDO phenotypic variance substantially overlapped with Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, and Openness domains. Numerous significant correlations were found at the facet level, with the highest phenotypic overlap for the “interstitial” altruism facet. However, incremental predictive power of personality (over age and sex) was moderate: 13% and 19% of the phenotypic SDO variance was predicted by HEXACO traits at the domains and facet levels, respectively. Multivariate behavioural genetic analysis indicated that 19% and 3% of the genetic and unique environmental variance of SDO overlapped with the genetic and unique environmental variance of personality, respectively. Substantial genetic correlations of SDO with Honesty-Humility and Openness domains were found, while marginal unique environmental correlation was found for Openness domain only. The etiological overlap between SDO and personality represents an argument in favour of taking dispositional along with social/contextual perspective in explaining social behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the personality traits of experienced Australian Police officers, as scored by the HEXACO, to their opinions regarding capital punishment. Results indicated that while experienced Australian Police opinions regarding the death penalty were overwhelmingly different to the opinions of United States of America (US) and United Kingdom (UK) police officers, with 81.1% of Australian police opposing the death penalty, Australian Police personality traits were consistent with Canadian and Dutch police (i.e., higher in Honesty Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and lower in Emotionality than the general population samples). The bindings challenge traditional views regarding police being prejudicial and severe. The paper recommends recruitment of police officers from more diverse groups to better represent the community they serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to compare (a) personality traits vs personal values, (b) Five-Factor Model (FFM) vs HEXACO model of personality traits, and (c) broad vs narrow personality constructs in terms of their relationship with the frequency of everyday behaviors. These relationships were analyzed at three organizational levels of self-reported behavior: (a) single behavioral acts, (b) behavioral components (empirically derived categories of similar behaviors), and (c) two higher-order factors. The study was conducted on a Polish sample (N = 532, age range 16–72). We found that (a) even the frequencies of single behavioral acts were related to various personality constructs instead of one narrow trait or value, (b) personality traits and personal values were comparable as predictors of a wide range of everyday behaviors, (c) HEXACO correlated with the frequency of behaviors slightly higher than FFM, and (d) narrow and broad personality constructs did not differ substantially as predictors of everyday behavior at the levels of acts and components, but at the level of higher-order behavioral factors, broad personality measures were better predictors than narrow ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examined sex differences in the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) factor- and facet-level scales and the associations of national sex differences in those scales with national characteristics such as wealth and gender equality.Method: HEXACO-PI-R self-reports were collected online from persons in 48 countries (N = 347,192).Results: (1) Women averaged substantially higher than men in Emotionality and in Honesty-Humility, with (sample-unweighted) mean differences across countries of d = 0.84 and d = 0.37, respectively; (2) the HEXACO-PI-R factor scales showed a rather large multivariate sex difference (D > 1 in most countries), about 19% larger than found in similar samples with the Big Five personality factors, (3) some facet scales belonging to the same factor showed widely varying sex differences, (4) national-level sex differences in Emotionality were larger in wealthy and gender-egalitarian countries, replicating previous counterintuitive findings, but such a tendency was not clearly observed for Honesty-Humility, and (5) within several English-speaking countries, sex differences in Emotionality showed comparatively little ethnic variation, suggesting that societal characteristics may influence the size of sex differences in Emotionality.Conclusion: The HEXACO model of personality structure provides some new insights in understanding sex differences in personality at the individual and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CPAP is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), though low adherence rates limit its benefits. Previous research has linked personality to a range of health behaviours including CPAP adherence. In keeping with these findings it was hypothesised that CPAP adherence would be positively correlated with conscientiousness and negatively correlated with emotionality. The present study also tested for an interaction between conscientiousness and emotionality as well as investigating the relationship between personality facets and adherence.Participants were 110 adults, diagnosed with OSA. After approximately one month's treatment, average nightly usage for the previous week was downloaded from the CPAP device. Participants also completed the HEXACO Personality Inventory – revised. Contrary to expectation, there was no significant relationship between CPAP adherence and conscientiousness or emotionality and no significant interaction. However, the diligence facet of conscientiousness showed a significant positive correlation with CPAP adherence (r = .23, p < .05). Unanticipated negative correlations were also found between CPAP adherence and agreeableness and two of its facets: gentleness (r = –.33, p < .01) and patience (r = –.22, p < .05).The results provide support for an association between CPAP adherence and personality. It is recommended that future research focus on facet level measurement, in particular the personality facets associated with conscientiousness and agreeableness.

Trustworthiness is a foundation of well-functioning relationships and societies, and thus often perceived as a socially normative behaviour. Correspondingly, a broad array of research found that people tend to act in a trustworthy way and signal their trustworthiness to others, and that trustworthiness is rewarded. Herein, we explore whether this motivation to behave trustworthily can have socially undesirable effects in terms of leading to dishonesty targeted at fulfilling the trustor's expectations (i.e. trustworthy dishonesty). Furthermore, we examine how the basic trait of Honesty-Humility, which has consistently been found to be linked to both higher honesty and trustworthiness, relates to trustworthy dishonesty, where honesty and trustworthiness are at odds. Specifically, we conducted three pre-registered studies (N = 7080), introducing a novel behavioural game, the lying-trust game, where participants had a chance to lie to act trustworthily. In two studies, we found that, when offered ‘full trust’, participants high in Honesty-Humility (i.e. the top 10%) engaged in trustworthy dishonesty, i.e. lied in order to avoid maximizing their own incentive at the cost of minimizing the incentive of their trustor. This pattern was not present when the trustor offered minimal trust only, as well as among participants low in Honesty-Humility (i.e. the bottom 10%).

To uncover the main dimensions of sport personality traits, a lexical study was conducted. In the first two phases, 321 adjectives denoting the way somebody practices sports were selected. In the third phase, 555 respondents self-rated the adjectives. Congruence analyses provided evidence of six factors, five of which are sport personality trait factors (friendly fairness, resilience, drive, perfectionism, and inventiveness) plus one physical individual difference factor (agility). Marker scales from the sport personality trait factors show convergent correlations with the generic HEXACO personality obtained years earlier. Furthermore, meaningful relations with the six most frequently practiced sport and leisure activities were observed. Contextualized sport personality trait factors can be useful in research on sport preferences, sport behaviors, and sport outcomes.

The paper presents data collected using measures of personality, Islamic religiosity, psychological well-being, unethical behavior, and dark triad traits. The sample consists 277 Bruneian Malay Muslim university students. The participants were sampled at a public university in Brunei. Through cooperation with faculty members, a link to the online questionnaire was posted on the learning management system platform. The targeted population was informed they were invited to participate voluntarily, and all information would be confidential. Completed questionnaires were submitted by 171 females and 106 males. The age ranged between 18 and 30 years old (M = 19.62, SD = 1.65). This data article presented the demographic characteristics of participants, followed by descriptive statistics of the measures concerning primarily personality and Islamic religiosity, followed by brief measures of psychological nature specifically psychological well-being, unethical behavior, and dark triad traits. Reliability and correlation details of measures were also provided. The comprehensive data, as detailed out in this paper, has various potential for further research and analyses by researchers who are interested in the measures and data presented.

Głównym celem przedstawionych badań jest sprawdzenie wpływów niektórych cech osobowości, mierzonych modelem osobowości HEXACO, na postrzeganą zdolność do radzenia sobie z własnymi wpływami. Wyniki korelacji i liniowych regresji między cechami osobowości mierzonymi przez HEXACO-60, a postrzeganą zdolnością do zarządzania afektami, mierzoną Regulacyjną Skalą Przekonania o Własnej Skuteczności, potwierdzają pogląd, że ekstrawersja jest bardziej związana z pozytywną ekspresją, podczas gdy emocjonalność jest bardziej związana z zarządzaniem negatywnymi afektami, a świadomość jest nieznacznie związana z niektórymi aspektami samoregulacji pozytywnych i negatywnych afektów. Wyniki uzyskane w tym badaniu dla HEXACO są zbliżone do tych prezentowanych dla FFM we wcześniejszych badaniach dotyczących cech osobowości oraz pozytywnych i negatywnych afektów.

Bu çalışmada din psikolojisinin en önemli konuları arasında yer alan ancak Türkiye’de yeteri kadar incelenmemiş bir konu olan mistik tecrübeye odaklanılmış ve olgunun kişilik özellikleri ile arasındaki ilişki belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada Erciyes Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 345 öğrenciden anket yöntemiyle veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmada “Mistik Tecrübe Ölçeği”, ile “HEXACO Kişilik Envanteri”kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde Korelasyon ve Regresyon analizleri ile t-Testi ve Tek Yönlü ANOVA teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar mistik tecrübe açısından katılımcıların en yüksek ortalamaya Olumlu Etki (m=3,69; sd.=,77); en düşük ortalamaya Zamansal&Mekansal Nitelik (m=2,94; sd.=,89) faktörlerinde sahip olduklarını; buna ek olarak Ego Niteliği, Akli Nitelik ve Anlatılamazlık faktörlerinde birbirlerine yakın değerler elde ettiklerini göstermektedir. HEXACO’da ise öğrenciler, en yüksek ortalamayı Dürüstlük-Alçakgönüllülük (m=3,76; sd.=,55); en düşük ortalamayı Dışadönüklük (m=3,04; sd.=0,65) faktörlerinde elde etmişlerdir. Mistik tecrübe ile en çok ilişkili olan kişilik boyutlarının ise Sorumluluk ve Deneyime Açıklık olduğu görülmektedir. Regresyon analizine göre ise Uyumluluk, Sorumluluk ve Tecrübeye Açıklık faktörlerinin mistik tecrübeyi anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı görülmüştür. Özet: Mistik tecrübenin farklı zaman dilimlerinde farklı sosyal, kültürel ve dini yapılarda tekrar eden bir mefhum olması ve içerisinde gizemli bir unsur bulundurması, din psikolojisinin ilk teşekkül ettiği dönemlerden beri mistisizmin alanın temel konuları arasında yerini almasını sağlamıştır. Alanın kurucu kitabı olarak kabul edilen The Varieties of Religious Experience’in bölümlerinden birisi de mistisizm’dir. Genel olarak “mistik tecrübe”, daha geniş bir alan olan “dini tecrübe”nin bir alt kategorisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu sebeple dini tecrübenin sahip olduğu özellikleri o da taşımaktadır. Literatürde bu ortak özelliklerden dolayı birbirlerinin yerine kullanıldıkları da görülmektedir.Eğer dini tecrübe bireyin kutsal ile karşılaşma anında yaşadığı tecrübe olarak tanımlanacak olursa bu tür bir tecrübe iki yolla edinilebilir. Bu yollardan ilki olan “din temelli mistik tecrübe”de kurumsal ya da yerleşik din anlayışlarının ve kutsal metinlerin etkili olduğu; ikinci yol olan “din dışı ya da doğal mistik tecrübe”de ise bireysel ihtiyaçların önemli bir rol oynadığı manevi arayışların etkili olduğu ifade edilebilir.Kişilik, genelde sosyal ve sağlık bilimlerinde özelde ise temel konuları arasında yer alması sebebiyle psikolojide önemli değişkenlerden biri olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kişilik konusundaki araştırmaların ortak vurgusu, olgunun son derece karmaşık olduğudur. Yaygın kullanımına rağmen kavramın soyutluğu, araştırmacıların bakış açılarının çeşitliliğinden etkilenmiş ve bu durum ise tanım noktasında net bir görüş birliğine varılamamasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Buna rağmen son dönemlerde olgunun araştırılabilmesi için temel varsayımı kişiliğin belirli faktörler altında kategorize edilebileceği olan boyutsal yaklaşımlar tercih edilmeye başlanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada da bu yaklaşımlardan birinin sonucu olarak üretilen HEXACO kullanılmıştır.Bu çalışmanın örneklemini, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Erciyes Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 345 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemin cinsiyet dağılımına bakıldığında erkek öğrencilerin oranı %21,2 (n=73); kız öğrencilerin oranı ise %78,8 (n=272) olarak görülmektedir. Bu, fakültedeki güncel durumu yansıtmaktadır. Örneklemin yaş ortalaması ise 21,13 (sd.=1,761) olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaş aralığı ise 18-26’dır. Örneklemin sınıf dağılımı ise Hazırlık sınıfı %23,5 (n=81); birinci sınıf %15,4 (n=53); ikinci sınıf %19,4 (n=67); üçüncü sınıf %18,3 (n=63); dördüncü sınıf %23,5 (n=81)’tir. Sınıf değişkeni açısından dağılımların homojen olmasına dikkat edilmiştir.Mistik tecrübe eğiliminin belirlenmesinde Ralph Hood tarafından Walter T. Stace’in ortaya koyduğu mistisizm kriterini ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilen “Mistik Tecrübe Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin Türk kültürüne uyumu ile geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması, Mehmet Süheyl Ünal tarafından yüksek lisans tezi olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ölçeğin Alpha katsayısının ,89 olduğu ifade edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha güvenilirlik katsayısı ,91 olarak bulunmuştur. Kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek için Lee ve Ashton tarafından geliştirilen HEXACO kullanılmıştır. Ölçek, Wasti, Lee, Ashton ve Somer tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanmıştır. Ölçek her bir harfi ölçmeyi amaçladığı faktöre karşılık gelecek şekilde H (Honesty-humility/Dürüstlük-Alçakgönüllülük), E (Emotionality/Duyarlılık), X (eXtraversion/Dışadönüklük), A (Agreeableness/Uyumluluk), C (Conscientiousness/Sorumluluk), O (Openness to experience/Deneyime Açıklık) olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Ölçek her biri 4 alt faktör içeren toplam 6 faktörden oluşmaktadır.Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak veriler analiz edilirken mistik tecrübe eğilimleri ile kişilik özellikleri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını, ilişki varsa gücünü ve yönünü belirlemek için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra ise Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi ile değişkenlerin birbirlerini açıklama güçleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ortalamalar arasında anlamlılık seviyesinde ilişkilerin olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla Tek yönlü ANOVA tekniği kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada ilgili değişkenlerin betimsel istatistiklerine de yer verilmiştir.Araştırma sonuçları, mistik tecrübe açısından katılımcıların en yüksek ortalamaya Olumlu Etki (m=3,69; sd.=,77); en düşük ortalamaya ise Zamansal/Mekansal Nitelik (m=2,94; sd.=,89) faktörlerinde sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Ayrıca katılımcılar, Ego Niteliği, Bilişsel Nitelik ve Anlatılamazlık faktörlerinde yakın değerler elde etmişlerdir. Demografik değişkenlerden cinsiyet açısından sadece Birleştirici Nitelik (t=1,770; p=,028) açısından anlamlı bir farklılaşma olduğu görülmektedir. Sınıf değişkeni açısından anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığının belirlenmesi için ANOVA analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu analiz sonucunda, mistik tecrübenin bütün faktörleri birbirlerinden istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Sınıf değişkeni açısından ise birinci sınıfların diğer sınıflara oranla negatif olarak farklılaştıkları görülmektedir. Verilere göre hazırlık ve birinci sınıfta mistik tecrübe ölçeğinden alınan puanlar yüksekken ilerleyen sınıflarda ortalamalar düşmektedir. Mistik tecrübe ile yaş arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenememiştir. Mistik tecrübe faktörlerinin kendi aralarındaki korelasyon incelendiğinde, faktörlerin tamamının birbirleri ile anlamlı bir ilişki içerisinde oldukları görülmektedir. En yüksek korelasyon Dini Nitelik ile Anlatılamazlık (r=,661); en düşük korelasyon ise Birleştirici Nitelik ile Zamansal/Mekansal Nitelik (r=,346) arasındadır.Kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek için geliştirilen HEXACO’nun altı faktörü arasında öğrenciler en yüksek ortalamaya Dürüstlük-Alçakgönüllülük (m=3,76; sd.=,55); en düşük ortalamaya ise Dışadönüklük (m=3,04; sd.=0,65) faktöründe sahip olmuşlardır. Cinsiyet açısından Dürüstlük-Alçakgönüllülük (t=,606; p=,004), Duyarlılık (t=,334; p=,000) ve Sorumluluk (t=,022; p=,033) faktörlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık vardır. Sınıf ve yaş değişkenleri ile kişilik özellikleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık belirlenememiştir. Doğrusal Regresyon analizine göre, kişilik özelliklerinden Uyumluluk, Sorumluluk ve Deneyime Açıklık, mistik tecrübenin istatistiksel açıdan yordayısıdır.Analiz sonucunda mistik tecrübe ile en çok ilişkili olan kişilik boyutlarının ise Sorumluluk ve Deneyime Açıklık olduğu görülmektedir. Mistik tecrübe ile kişilik özellikleri karşılaştırıldığında Deneyime Açıklık faktörünün mistik tecrübenin Anlatılamazlık dışındaki bütün faktörleri ile ilişkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Her ne kadar ilişki korelasyon açısından zayıf olarak nitelendirilse de arada pozitif ilişkiler olması önemli bir bulgudur. Yani kişilik özellikleri geliştikçe mistik tecrübe düzeyi de artmaktadır. Bu konuda literatürde benzer bir çalışmanın bulunmayışı karşılaştırma yapma imkanını ortadan kaldırmaktadır.

Introduction: The aim of present research was to determine the roles of HEXACO personality dimensions and affects control in prediction of marital satisfaction. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this correlation study included all couples in Ardabil in 2015. This study was conducted among 150 subjects selected in access. For collecting data, HEXACO Personality Scale, Affects Control Scale and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Inventory were used. Data analysis was performed on SPSS using simultaneous regression analysis. Results: Findings showed that some HEXACO personality dimensions and affects control are related to marital satisfaction significantly (P

The a im of this research was to examine the relations between the HEXACO facets and aggressiveness components (anger, vengefulness, domination, hostility, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, and indirect aggression). On a sample of 654 participants from general population, HEXACO–60, Aggressiveness Questionnaire AVDH, Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and Indirect Aggression Scale (IAS) were applied. The results of the community structure network analysis provided the most informative insight into these relations and showed that all aggressiveness components formed a single community with the Agreeableness facets. Thereby, facet Patience was the strongest correlate of anger, and hostility had the highest clustering coefficient, which brings together the Agreeableness facets and aggressiveness components. Although Honesty–Humility formed a separate community, some of its facets had strong isolated connections with indirect aggression and dominance. The results revealed that Agreeableness is a dominant correlate of aggressiveness and captures all aggressiveness components, while Honesty– Humility is related to specific components, referring to a manifestation of aggressiveness in a more subtle and indirect way.

The present research is aimed at clarifying meta-analytically the relation of so-called Dark Triad (DT; i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, or psychopathy) traits to factor analytic models covering the basic personality space. Unlike recent meta-analyses that investigated such relations at the bivariate level, we used 2-stage structural equation modeling (TSSEM) meta-analysis to explore the full complexity of structural relations between DT traits and the five-factor model (FFM) and HEXACO dimensions, as well as the higher-order personality factors labeled Alpha (or stability) and Beta (or plasticity). Based on pooled matrices, covering k = 108 samples with a total N of 40,818, our findings point to the following major conclusions: (a) common elements among DT traits constitute a higher-order factor D that is not covered by Alpha and Beta; (b) no common general factor underlies all 3 higher-order traits; (c) at the dimension level of DT and the FFM, there are cross-loadings from D onto agreeableness and conscientiousness, as well as from Beta onto narcissism; (d) after adding HEXACO dimensions, the higher-order structure remains basically intact, but the low pole of HEXACO honesty-humility becomes an integral part of higher-order D; and (e) moderator analyses of different DT measures largely reveal structural equivalence of original measures of single DT traits with the Short Dark Triad, but less so with the Dirty Dozen DT measure. Overall, the results appear to converge on a coherent picture of several pieces of information on the structure of "dark" and "bright" personality that were previously discussed in a piecemeal fashion. Public Significance Statement: "Dark" or malevolent personality traits have become a very popular topic in recent personality research. This meta-analysis suggests that established models of normal personality may be used to understand narcissistic or psychopathic tendencies, and the analysis describes how "dark" and "bright" traits are related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary structural models of personality, like the Big Five, are rooted in natural-language lexicons in which socially important individual-differences concepts are sedimented. But key studies of these lexicons have been narrow in scope and mainly sought confirmatory evidence for one model of interest, rather than the maximum number of meaningful dimensions obtainable from the lexicon. Here, building on established methods for determining the appropriate number of factors, and comparing various methods of data-treatment and factor-rotation, analyses allowed higher-dimensionality structures to emerge from the same data. Factor-number-determination methods always recommended well more than 5 or 6 factors. In data using the largest 1,710-term set, we compared 18 candidate-structures derived from different method-combinations, identifying 15-, 21-, and 28-factor structures as most robust and promising. Among these, in a larger sample using a smaller 540-term set, the factors related to the 21-dimensional structure were most advantageously robust. Robustness-comparisons in an even larger sample with a 449-term subset of the original 1,710 converged on a similar number of factors. Though such a high-dimensionality model is slightly less robust than the Big Five across method-variations, we were able to confirm its clearly superior predictive capacity. And as comprehensiveness would imply, one can readily identify a low-dimensionality structure like the Big Five from within this higher-dimensionality structure, but one cannot generate this structure from the Big Five. A high-dimensionality structure can function as an improved scientific framework for cataloging trait variables and dimensions, including those that fall outside popular classifications involving only 5 or 6 factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has changed the way we live. It is now so integral to daily life that it is one of the top activities that people spend their time on each day. Given its ubiquity, it is important to understand what kinds of personality traits draw people toward social media and whether social media changes personality. The present study utilizes a longitudinal design with a large nationally representative sample (N = 11,629) to examine the bidirectional relationship between personality and social media use (SMU). First, cross-lagged analyses revealed a bidirectional relationship between SMU and neuroticism such that neuroticism predicted increased SMU, but SMU also predicted increased neuroticism. However, while increased SMU predicted reduced honesty/humility, honesty/humility did not predict SMU. No other relationships emerged between personality and SMU. This study is the first to examine the extent to which personality both predicts SMU, and is in turn reciprocally shaped by social media exposure in a large-scale national probability panel study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to examine possible differences and factors that contribute to risk perception and compliance with preventive measures at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 423 participants (M = 30.29, SD = 14.45; 69% female). Compliance, risk perception and trust in information were significantly higher in T1 than T2. For risk perception, significant predictors in both T1 and T2 were age, Emotionality (HEXACO-PI-R) and Unrealistic Optimism (NLE, Negative Life Events). Trust in information was a significant predictor in T1, while Unrealistic Optimism (Positive Life Events) was a significant predictor in T2. For compliance, significant predictors in T1 were gender and trust in information while in T2 were Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness (HEXACO-PI-R), NLE and trust in information, for both T1 and T2. In general, findings suggest a much more pronounced role of personality traits in adherence to protective measures at the end than at the beginning of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia. Also, the results indicate the role of unrealistic optimism regarding negative life events in lower compliance with protective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To uncover the main dimensions of sport personality traits, a lexical study was conducted. In the first two phases, 321 adjectives denoting the way somebody practices sports were selected. In the third phase, 555 respondents self-rated the adjectives. Congruence analyses provided evidence of six factors, five of which are sport personality trait factors (friendly fairness, resilience, drive, perfectionism, and inventiveness) plus one physical individual difference factor (agility). Marker scales from the sport personality trait factors show convergent correlations with the generic HEXACO personality obtained years earlier. Furthermore, meaningful relations with the six most frequently practiced sport and leisure activities were observed. Contextualized sport personality trait factors can be useful in research on sport preferences, sport behaviors, and sport outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow is said to be associated with an enhancement in positive emotions and a reduction in negative emotions, and can potentially improve well-being. Flow, i.e., the optimal experience can be beneficial to mental health and productivity. This could be exceptionally important to adolescents who are constantly confronted with constant demands on adjustment owing to their developmental stage. The present study examines the personality predictors of flow among adolescents. The participants of this study include a sample of 200 adolescents from Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Males=100, Females=100) in the age group 13 to 17 years. The participants responded to a set of selfreport measures that assessed their personality, flow state, flow experience, and dispositional flow. A One-Way ANOVA was used to examine if there was any significant difference between genders on HEXACO personality traits and flow. Additionally, multiple regression was used to identify the personality traits that predict the flow experience. ANOVA comparing gender on personality and flow found that females were higher on Honesty- Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience and also was higher on flow state, dispositional flow, and overall flow experience. The result from multiple regression showed that Extraversion was a positive predictor of overall flow experience, flow state, and dispositional flow and personality traits like Honesty-Humility, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience were positive predictors of flow state. Openness to Experience and Honesty-Humility predicted dispositional flow positively. The practical and research implications of the findings of the present study for positive psychology interventions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With climate change and its consequences believed to be among the most vital challenges for humanity and the Earth's ecosystem, it is important to understand why individuals do or do not adopt proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. Personality traits are well suited for this purpose. Because no recent work has systematically combined the accumulating evidence on this topic, we aimed to meta-analyze the associations of the Big Five and HEXACO personality domains with proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. A meta-analysis of 38 sources (N = 44,993) implicated openness and honesty-humility as the strongest correlates of proenvironmental attitudes (r =.22 and.20) and behaviors (r =.21 and.25). Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and, to a lesser extent, extraversion were also associated with proenvironmental attitudes (r =.15,.12, and.09) and behaviors (r =.10,.11, and.10). Heterogeneity among effect sizes was partly explained by samples' gender ratio, age, and country of origin and by the personality model. P -curve analyses, funnel plots, and Egger's tests indicated significant but sporadic and small publication bias. As a validity test, the meta-analytic associations collectively provided substantial predictive accuracy for proenvironmental attitudes (r =.44–.45) and behaviors (r =.28–.43) in independent holdout samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The six‐dimensional HEXACO model of personality structure and its associated inventory have increasingly been used in personality research. But in spite of the evidence supporting this structure and demonstrating its advantages over five‐dimensional models, some researchers continue to use and promote the latter. Although there has been little overt, organized argument against the adoption of the HEXACO model, we do hear sporadic offerings of reasons for retaining the five‐dimensional systems, usually in informal conversations, in manuscript reviews, on social media platforms, and occasionally in published works. In this target article, we list all of the objections to the HEXACO model that we have heard of, and we then explain why each objection fails. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

background The HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACOPI- R), available in 200-, 100-, and 60-item versions, has become one of the most frequently applied measurement tools for the assessment of basic personality dimensions. participants and procedure In this study we examined the Polish versions of the HEXACO-60 and the HEXACO-100 inventories in a community sample of 522 individuals (aged 16-75, M = 32.02, SD = 14.15, 56.3% female). We verified the factor validity of both inventories with exploratory structural equation modeling. Additionally, we tested a six-factor solution on the HEXACO-60 items with principal axis extraction and we compared a factor matrix of the Polish adaptation of the HEXACO-100 facets with the factor matrix of the original version of the HEXACO-100 facets in an exploratory factor comparison analysis. We analyzed correlations between HEXACO domains and various models of personality traits, including the Big Two, Big Six, Big Five, and 10 Big Five aspects. results Internal consistency reliability coefficients for scales and subscales were satisfactory. The analyses supported the six-factor structure of the inventories and the results of correlation analyses were consistent with expectations. conclusions The results indicate that the Polish versions of the HEXACO- 60 and the HEXACO-100 inventories are reliable and valid instruments for measuring basic personality traits in the HEXACO model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attitudes towards refugees are formed via complex interactions between socioeconomic factors, perceptions of cultural threat and personality traits. Yet despite the widespread social changes the European refugee situation has generated throughout the continent, no previous literature has adequately examined these interactions in that context. This study addressed that gap by testing the relationship between personality traits and European attitudes towards refugees in the context of the European refugee crisis by conducting an ordinal regression analysis of data obtained from online surveys that we distributed in four European countries (N = 6,000).Questions were aligned with descriptors used in the Five Factor model of personality traits and a proxy of the Honesty-Humility trait used in the HEXACO model. Our results indicate that Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Honesty-Humility are negatively associated with refugee prejudice. Findings about Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness are mixed. Moreover, our results revealed that intercultural contact has a positive impact on attitudes towards refugees and that the valence of this contact plays a more significant role than the frequency of contact. Given that attitudes towards refugees have been found to correlate with asylum policy preferences, these discoveries are of considerable value to people working in asylum policy settings, as they provide them with a more nuanced understanding of the factors influencing election results; especially during a period where refugee resettlement is a salient issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on moral decision making usually focuses on two ethical principles: the principle of utilitarianism (= morality of an action is determined by its consequences) and the principle of deontology (= morality of an action is valued according to the adherence to moral norms regardless of the consequences). Criticism on traditional moral dilemma research includes the reproach that consequences and norms are confounded in standard paradigms. As a remedy, a multinomial model (the CNI model) was developed to disentangle and measure sensitivity to consequences (C), sensitivity to moral norms (N), and general preference for inaction versus action (I). In two studies, we examined the link of basic personality traits to moral judgments by fitting a hierarchical Bayesian version of the CNI model. As predicted, high Honesty-Humility was selectively associated with sensitivity for norms, whereas high Emotionality was selectively associated with sensitivity for consequences. However, Conscientiousness was not associated with a preference for inaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forced choice (FC) measures may be a desirable alternative to single stimulus (SS) Likert items, which are easier to fake and can have associated response biases. However, classical methods of scoring FC measures lead to ipsative data, which have a number of psychometric problems. A Thurstonian item response theory (TIRT) model has been introduced as a way to overcome these issues, but few empirical validity studies have been conducted to ensure its effectiveness. This was the goal of the current three studies, which used FC measures of domains from popular personality frameworks including the Big Five and HEXACO, and both statement and adjective item stems. We computed TIRT and ipsative scores and compared their validity estimates. Convergent and discriminant validity of the scores were evaluated by correlating them with SS scores, and test-criterion validity evidence was evaluated by examining their relationships with meaningful outcomes. In all three studies, there was evidence for the convergent and test-criterion validity of the TIRT scores, though at times this was on par with the validity of the ipsative scores. The discriminant validity of the TIRT scores was problematic and was often worse than the ipsative scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the most comprehensive assessment to date of the relations that the domains and facets of Big Five and HEXACO personality have with self-reported subjective well-being (SWB: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) and psychological well-being (PWB: positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth). It presents a meta-analysis (n = 334,567, k = 462) of the correlations of Big Five and HEXACO personality domains with the dimensions of SWB and PWB. It provides the first meta-analysis of personality and well-being to examine (a) HEXACO personality, (b) PWB dimensions, and (c) a broad range of established Big Five measures. It also provides the first robust synthesis of facet-level correlations and incremental prediction by facets over domains in relation to SWB and PWB using 4 large data sets comprising data from prominent, long-form hierarchical personality frameworks: NEO PI-R (n = 1,673), IPIP-NEO (n = 903), HEXACO PI-R (n = 465), and Big Five Aspect Scales (n = 706). Meta-analytic results highlighted the importance of Big Five neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. The pattern of correlations between Big Five personality and SWB was similar across personality measures (e.g., BFI, NEO, IPIP, BFAS, Adjectives). In the HEXACO model, extraversion was the strongest well-being correlate. Facet-level analyses provided a richer description of the relationship between personality and well-being, and clarified differences between the two trait frameworks. Prediction by facets was typically around 20% better than domains, and this incremental prediction was larger for some well-being dimensions than others. Public Significance Statement: This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the substantial links between personality traits and well-being. It is the first investigation to incorporate the two most widely accepted frameworks for measuring personality (i.e., the Big Five and the HEXACO model) as well as two of the most influential models of human well-being (i.e., subjective and psychological well-being). Results of the meta-analysis provide important insights into the various pathways through which people build well-being in their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the relationship between the intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and self-esteem, which constitute the personality character and the openness to the experience in the Big Five and HEXACO is examined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the relationship between intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy and self-esteem and openness to experience was over .20. It was seen in related field that the openness to the experience increased as the mentioned personality factors increased. The relationship between openness to experience and personality factors was investigated through systematic review/meta-analysis. At the end of the study, the studies found a positive relationship between personality factors and openness to experience. Together this, the studies were found to be compatible with each other. Future study possibilities and limitations of this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of the overlap between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and personality. This overlap was examined using the HEXACO personality framework at both the domain and the facet levels, and through varying methods of deriving a general factor of personality (GFP). Method: A sample of 1,370 Australian adults (51% male, age in years M = 45.5, SD = 11.7, range: 21–71) completed the 200‐item HEXACO Personality Inventory‐Revised and the Modified Assessing Emotions Scale measure of self‐reported Trait EI. Results: The strongest domain correlations with Total EI emerged for Extraversion (r =.67) followed by Openness (r =.39), Conscientiousness (r =.35), and Agreeableness (r =.26). Large adjusted multiple correlations were obtained when predicting Total EI from HEXACO domains (.74) and facets (.81). The correlations of the GFP and Total EI ranged from.53 to.64 depending on how the GFP was operationalized. Conclusion: Trait EI is largely captured by the HEXACO personality framework, whereby Extraversion or the GFP provides a rough initial approximation, but composites of domains and facets provide progressively better representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches / İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Itobiad: Journal of the Human & Social Science Researches and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Getting along (i.e. to be liked) and getting ahead (i.e. to be popular) are two fundamental psychological motives that have important consequences for adolescents' well‐being. Especially antisocial behavioural tendencies, which are less well covered by the Big Five than by the HEXACO model, have been shown to differentially predict likeability and popularity. In this study, possible differential relations between personality and likeability and popularity were investigated using the HEXACO Simplified Personality Inventory and sociometric measures of likeability and popularity among 552 (12 to 14 years old) adolescents. Results showed that agreeableness was the most important likeability predictor, whereas extraversion (positive), openness to experience, honesty‐humility, and agreeableness (all three negative) were the most important popularity predictors. Facet‐level analyses revealed that selected HEXACO facets (greed avoidance, fearfulness, social boldness, gentleness, prudence, perfectionism, aesthetic appreciation, and altruism) most strongly—and in opposite directions—differentiated in the prediction of likeability and popularity. Furthermore, none of the expected interactions but several masking and cancellation effects were observed. The results, which are also discussed in light of interpersonal circumplex, resource control strategies, hierarchical differentiation, and socioanalytic frameworks, suggest that—among early adolescents—differential personality predictors may make it difficult to both get along and get ahead. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosociality is a central topic in positive psychology. An important but under-studied distinction can be made between active and reactive expressions. We suggest that the novel construct of social mindfulness represents active rather than reactive prosociality. Across four studies (N = 2,594), including a multi-wave representative sample spanning six years, social mindfulness is found to correlate with personality traits associated with prosocial and/or antisocial behavior. We find positive associations with empathy, social value orientation, and general prosocial behavior, and negative associations with moral disengagement and narcissism. Importantly, social mindfulness emerges as an active rather than a reactive characteristic that is more strongly related to HEXACO honesty-humility (active cooperation) than to HEXACO agreeableness (reactive cooperation). The association between social mindfulness and honesty-humility was found across measures six years apart. Given the well-established link between prosociality and well-being, emphasizing social mindfulness may be a good start to promote the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's environment is characterized by time-demanding activities, which influence people's perception of time. How people perceive time might be influenced by individual characteristics such as personality. The aim of this study is to observe the role of personality in perceived time load (defined as the extent to which time pressure is felt due to the pace at which tasks or task elements occur). Ninety-two participants (mean age = 20.87 years, SD = 0.86 years, 68 female) representing six different HEXACO personalities were involved voluntarily in this study; they completed a visual search task in conditions with different levels of difficulty, representing different time pressures. Perceived time load was assessed at the end of each condition. While performance is comparable, the results show that there is a strong tendency toward significance of personality in the perceived time load in general, in which extravert people tend to rate perceived time load higher than other personality types in the difficult tasks. Implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between personality characteristics and premenstrual syndrome has been considered by the researchers for a long time. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between personality characteristics based on Hexaco six-factor model with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population consisted of female students in Kermanshah Medical Sciences University in the academic year 2017–2018. In a random sampling method based on the G-power software 220 ones were selected. The participants responded to Hexaco personality characteristics and premenstrual syndrome questionnaires. The correlation and multivariate regression tests were used for data analysis through SPSS-23 software. There was a significant relationship between personality characteristics of honesty-humility (0.32) and openness experience (0.23) with premenstrual syndrome (p < 0.01). Personality characteristic of honesty-humility (0.37) and agreeableness (−0.14) were predictive of premenstrual syndrome. The results of this study showed that personality factors can be considered as one of the predictors of premenstrual syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What drives individuals toward a career in politics? Prior research on political ambition has often focused on socio-demographic variables while generally ignoring the importance of individual personality differences. Yet personality consistently predicts political knowledge, interest and participation, suggesting that individual differences may matter in addition to resources and the social environment. To this end, we assess the impact of both the HEXACO and Dark Triad models of personality in predicting nascent political ambition (that is, the initial desire to run for elected office) while controlling for well-established socio-demographic variables (for example, gender, income). Overall, we find considerable support for the predictive power of personality, especially the traits of honesty-humility, extraversion and narcissism. These results have important implications for understanding the kinds of people who are interested in a political career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into inhibition processes has been very fertile in modern psychology, especially with the more common use of advanced methods such as functional brain imaging. Despite all the advances made many questions still remain concerning the nature of inhibition processes and the very existence of inhibition. The term inhibition is widely used in everyday life with many meanings which is reflected in the many definitions and methods used to investigate inhibition in psychology. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between inhibition processes and extraversion. Participants (N=50) completed the Croatian version of the HEXACO-PI-R personality inventory (60 item version). Cognitive inhibition was measured with a location based inhibition of return task while behavioral inhibition was measured with a nonverbal Stroop-like interference task. Results show an interaction of extraversion and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) periods whereby extraverts show a greater inhibition effect at the shorter SOA periods (400, 600 ms) compared to introverts while the difference was nonsignificant at the longest SOA period (800 ms). The expected relationship between the two inhibition tasks was not observed. Implications for theories of extraversion and research concerning inibition processes are discussed.

The aim of this study was to determine the significance of differences in personality traits between convicted and unconvicted persons in order to identify the individual characteristics which make the 'offender' different from people who don't commit an offence. The sample of this study is adequate and consists of 65 interviewees of Banja Luka Prison (test group) and 65 interviewees of general population (control group). We applied the HEXACO - 60 scale (Lee & Ashton, 2009) to examine differences in personality between offenders and nonoffenders. Criminal offenders differed from nonoffenders on three of the six dimensions of personality proposed by the HEXACO model. Compared to nonoffenders, offenders scored higher on the dimension Openness to experience and on its facet aesthetic appreciation. Conversely, results indicated that the offenders compared to nonoffenders scored lower on the dimension Honesty-Humility and on its facets sincerity and fairness, and on the dimension Agreeableness and on its facet forgiveness.