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We have previously reported the presence of interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibitory factor in the culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages. The activity is decreased in healthy smokers and patients with interstitial lung diseases (sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), compared with healthy non-smokers. In this study, we further examined the mechanism and specificity of IL-1 inhibitory factor. The inhibitory factor exhibited specific inhibition of augmentation by IL-1 of PHA induced murine thymocyte proliferation, whereas there was no inhibition of the augmentation by IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 or TNF. This IL-1 inhibitory factor competitively blocked the binding of IL-1 to the IL-1 receptor on PHA-stimulated murine thymocytes. These results indicate that alveolar macrophages produce a specific IL-1 inhibitory factor which functions as a IL-1 receptor antagonist.

This study shows that in Myanmar, South-East Asia, the prevalence of oral cancers is a serious fact as they rank fifth among all cancers being known there. On the 70 oral cancer cases reported at the Institute of Dental Medicine, Yangon, the findings stressed that most patients, male or female, came from the metropolitan division (Yangon), had smoking and chewing habits. Also most of these patients came to hospital only at the severe and late stage. It confirms us in our opinion that early diagnosis and prompt treatment are a necessity.

The current around Fiji Islands during different phases of 1997-98 El Niño and the subsequent 1999 La Niña was investigated. During its mature phase of the El Niño event, westward current of magnitude 20 cm s-1 developed in the region north of 15 °S latitude and that the current of similar magnitude flowed in the reverse direction during 1999 La Niña event. Below 21 °S latitude, the flow of magnitude 20 cm s-1 was eastward regardless of El Niño or La Niña conditions. The current between 15 °S latitude and 21 °S latitude was, however, not very clearly defined. At early stage of 1997-98 El Niño phase, the flow was eastward with an average speed of 5 ? 10 cm s-1 and that at the later phase, the flow became westward at slightly greater speed of around 10 ? 15 cm s-1. However, contrary is observed during the La Niña period.

Barometric pressure and sea level data sets from the South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project funded by AusAID were analysed for twelve Tropical Pacific island countries. During mid-1997 and 1998 pressure anomalies over the Pacific region were strongly positive and sea level dropped significantly. As a consequence, sea level trends in the Pacific region suddenly changed from positive to negative. It was believed that the delayed effect of the 1997 strong El Ni�o episode was directly linked to these positive pressure anomalies. The same observations were made in 2002 and 2003 during another El Ni�o episode which was however not as strong as the previous one. The La Ni�a episode which followed the 1997-98 El Ni�o in 1999 had opposite effects. The pressure anomalies were negative and the sea level anomalies were positive. While the thermal effect due to global warming is still the cause of sea level rise in the Pacific region, it is clearly evident that the barometric pressure effect on sea level is more abrupt and it can overshadow the other effects at least temporarily.

CTD-O2 (conductivity, temperature, depth and oxygen) data collected in the southern part of Viti Levu during the cruises ('96, '97, '98, '99 & '03) of the Japanese fisheries research vessel, Koyo-maru were analyzed to identify the isothermal layers, thermocline depths, and their annual variations. Despite the difference in years and locations during the survey, seasonal thermoclines at 50-100 m depth, permanent thermoclines at 100-600 m depth and haloclines at 250-600 m depths were found. In conjunction with the temperature, salinity and depth analysis, water mass properties were also investigated, and T-S diagrams were used to identify the water mass movement and formation. The results indicate that the water mass extending from 200-600 m originated from West South Pacific Central Water and the water mass between 600-1100 m originated from Antarctic Intermediate Water.

This paper seeks to find a relationship between the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and crop production. Precipitation and mean temperature were examined first to establish an ENSO relationship while primary sector macroeconomic and crops data were analyzed to note any significant variations in output linked to ENSO impacts of significant occurrence. Institutional strengthening and improved access to markets, both local and regional, and sector development programmes however have made this assessment difficult. Subsistence agriculture (and fisheries), said to the backbone and economic mainstay of Samoa?s primary sector, ideally the best source of ENSO impacts unfortunately remains the data poor sector.

A B S T RA C T Tomato seedlings five through ten days old were used for this investigation. Adventitious roots were initiated from the pericycle of the tomato hypocotyl. The position of adventitious root development was irregular in the rhizogenic hypocotyl; however, the cellular pattern of individual root development was very regular. Four layers of pericycle derivatives participated in root histogenesis and a bi- or triseriate endodermal cover was derived from the endodermis. Fluorescent microscopy showed that Casparian strips on the meristematic endodermal cell walls were not removed biochemically but were displaced around the root primordium by anticlinal divisions and cell enlargement. Casparian strips were not synthesized by endodermal cover cells. The emergent root had a typical three tiered or closed pattern of apical organization, and quiescent centers were present in all emergent roots longer than 0.5-0.6 cm.

The influence of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) on the premature abscission of developing soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. fruits of 2 genotypes was studied. BA was applied during the critical period of fruit-setting. The tested concentration range of BA was from 1 micromolar to 5 millimolar; 2 millimolar was optimal. Spray application of 2 millimolar BA to terminal inflorescences at the R(3) developmental stage of field-grown soybeans significantly increased fruit-set and seed yield of the Shore genotype during three growing seasons. In contrast, the Essex genotype gave significant responses two out of three seasons. The response of Shore was generally more pronounced than that of Essex. The apical fruits on the inflorescences gave the greatest response to BA. Seed weight increase was apparent 3-4 weeks after BA treatment.

Apical application of varying concentrations of 6-benzylamino purine (BA), and gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) alone or in combination promoted hypocotyl and cotyledonary growth in ‘Fireball’ tomato seedlings. Both height and width of the apical meristematic dome were enlarged by 10−4M BA and 10−6M GA4/7 alone and in combination. The length of the hypocotyl cortical cells was unaffected, but width was increased by 10−4M BA. However, 10−6M BA significantly reduced the height and width of the meristematic dome and length of the cortical cells. GA4/7 at 10−6M, on the other hand, significantly increased both the length and width of cortical cells.

The initiation of root primordia on the primary root and hypocotyl of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. Fireball, Epoch, and MD 412-4) was determined under controlled conditions. The first primordium of ‘Fireball’, ‘Epoch,’ and MD 412-4 seedlings was initiated on the primary root 5–6, 7, and 8 days, respectively, after seeding. Primordia on the hypocotyl were initiated acropetally, after initiation on the root. Root initiation in ‘Epoch’ and MD 412-4 lagged behind ‘Fireball’, but the general pattern was similar. Hoagland’s nutrient solution significantly increased the number of primordia on the primary root and hypocotyl. Presoaking seed in 10 μm abscisic acid (ABA) or 6-benzylamino purine (BA significantly increased the number of primordia on the primary root. Application of 50 μ1 of 1 mm 2,3,5 triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) in lanolin 1 cm below the cotyledonary node reduced the number of primordia on the hypocotyl.

Histological and histochemical examinations of sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCB) treated tomato floral buds at various stages of development showed that I)CB affected the development of microspores and tapetal cells. DCB at 0-075 and 0-15% resulted in the formation of uninucleate microspores, absence of microspore starch, retardation of exine formation, degeneration of microspore cytoplasm, and a delay in the breakdown of the tapetum. Embryo sac development was unaffected by DCB. The interference of carbohydrate metabolism by DCB was indicated. Reduction of fruit set by DCB was caused by abnormal or lack of pollen formation.

In a series of 75 patients undergoing cardiac operations with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 15 patients were subjected to relatively large hypotensive stresses during CPB as measured by the depth and duration of the fall in cerebral perfusion pressure. Of these 15 patients, eight manifested cerebral dysfunction postoperatively ranging from temporary exacerbation of pre-existing focal neurological deficits to irreversible coma. In each of these eight cases, EEG disturbances which first appeared at the time of hypotensive episodes during CPB persisted postoperatively and correlated with the nature and evolution of the clinical deficit. In two of the patients who did not regain consciousness postoperatively, neuropathological studies revealed bilateral laminar cortical necrosis, primarily involving cerebral cortex in one case and cerebellar cortex in the other, with accentuation in arterial border zones. Of seven other patients who suffered comparable exposures to hypotension during CPB, none evidenced cerebral dysfunction postoperatively. The most important determinants of this selective vulnerability to low extracorporeal perfusion pressure appeared to be the "reperfusion" pressure established after the hypotensive episode, postoperative blood pressure and cardiac output, and brain temperature at the time of the hypotension. Advanced age and history of cerebrovascular insufficiency were the greatest risk factors among patient variables.

The action of two anticytokinins, 3-methyl-7-n-pentyl-aminopyrazolo[4,3-d] pyrimidine and 4-cyclopentylamino-2-methylthiopyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidine on the zeatin and 6-benzylaminopurine induced lateral bud growth ofLycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Fireball seedlings was studied. Bud growth stimulation by 0.1 mM zeatin was not overcome by application of anticytokinin at concentrations of 0.01 to 1.0 μ 24-h after zeatin application. However, application of 0.1 μM of anticytokinin 24-h before 0.1 mM zeatin caused a significant enhancement of bud growth. A simultaneous application of 1 mM anticytokinin and 6-benzylaminopurine or concurrent with young leaves excision significantly reduced bud growth.

The rooting substances of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) explants during root regeneration were studied. The root-promoting substances of the basic, acidic, and bound ether-soluble fractions of the plant extracts after paper chromatography were determined by a tomato hypocotyl test. The basic root-promoting substances in the basal hypocotyl region changed qualitatively, while those of the acidic and bound fractions decreased with rooting. It was found that in 5-day-old explants, the highest root-promoting substances were in the bound fraction, and in the basal hypocotyl region. Histological evidence showed the presence of preformed root primordia in the rooting region of 10-day-old tomato explants.

SummaryFour Ipomoea batatas cultivars were observed to develop measurable storage roots at the 6-to 8-leaf stage approximately 3 weeks from planting. The increase in sweet potato storage root weight followed a linear growth pattern with time. It was seen that the attainment of the highest vegetative growth weight preceded the largest storage root weight increase by several weeks, and this time interval was dependent upon the cultivar and the condition of growth. A high degree of correlation existed in each year between the development of the tops and the storage root weight.

SummaryDry matter distribution in 3 Ipomoea batatas cultivars was observed in 2 plant populations, 2 locations and 2 seasons. Increases in dry matter were linear with sampling time regardless of spacing, but the final amount produced under 2 populations and 2 locations differed. The cv. Julian was more efficient in accumulating dry matter in its storage roots than cvs. Centennial and Nemagold, and in Julian the relative growth rate of the roots was correlated with the net assimilation rate. The rate at which assimilates move appears to be more important for storage root development than increases in leaf area.

SummaryThe vegetative growth and flowering patterns of dwarf tomatoes were altered by 10–7 M to 5 x 10–3 M gibberellin A3 concentrations. The six dwarf cultivars studied differed in their sensitivity to the gibberellin as indexed by stem elongation, stem size, change in leaf angles, leaf area expansion, number of leaf nodes, cotyledon abscission, days to first anthesis and flower numbers on the inflorescences. Vegetative growth was more responsive to gibberellin than was flowering.A significant interaction in leaf area was observed between leaf position (or age) and gibberellin A3 concentration. In general, the leaf areas of the older maturing leaves located centrally on the main stem were inhibited, while the younger immature leaves near the growing apex were promoted by high gibberellin concentrations. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is discussed.

The changes in the contents of free and bound gibberellin-like activity (GA) of Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Ralph during development under 2 temperature conditions were studied. The results show that the content of free GA of bulbs grown at 18 degrees increased by 67% over the initial level during development. The bound GA showed a slight initial increase and was followed by a rapid decrease. In contrast, bulbs treated at 13 degrees showed a marked decline in free GA and a 2-fold increase in the content of bound GA. However, after the transfer of these bulbs from 13 degrees to 18 degrees the free GA increased to the initial level while the bound GA decreased to a low level.The rate of floral shoot and root development and time of flowering were accelerated at 18 degrees as compared to 13 degrees .From the data obtained, it was suggested that a temperature-sensitive interconversion mechanism between free and bound GA exists in tulip bulbs and that there is apparent synthesis or transformation of these phytohormones during development of the bulbs.

Determination of the organ sites and chemical nature of root-promoting substances in Lycopersicon esculentum seedlings was made. Results of organ excision indicated that the young cotyledons were the primary site of root-promoting substances. As the cotyledon matured, its root-promoting activity decreased while that of the developing plumular leaves increased. Application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) at 10−3 M in lanolin to the hypocotyl below the cotyledonary node significantly prevented root formation. Bioassay, using a new tomato rooting test, of the basic, acidic and bound fractions of the cotyledon extracts after paper chromatography showed biological activities in all three fractions. Gas-liquid chromatography of selected active regions of the paper chromatogram resulted in a partial tentative identification of indolepropionic acid, 5-methylindole, 5-hydroxy-indole and 3-indoleacetonitrile. The combined evidence indicated that the root-promoting substances in tomato seedlings resemble auxin compounds.

SummaryN-(4-chlor-3-trifluormethylphenyl) phthalamic acid (Geigy C-20231) at concentrations of 10−7 to 2 × 10−3 M failed to suppress growth of the sweet potato cultivar Centennial but significantly decreased storage root dry weight at 2 χ 10-3 M in the cultivars Nemagold and Julian without affecting top growth. In contrast, N-(3-trifluormethylphenyl) phthalamic acid (Geigy C-19237) at 10−3 to 2 × 10−3M increased storage root dry weight of Nemagold, while N-(3-methoxyphenyl) phthalamic acid (Geigy C-17273) at the same concentration was without effect. Under long photoperiod C-20231 at 2×10−3M significantly reduced internodal lengths, while under short photoperiod internodal lengths were all reduced by 10−7 to 2 × 10−3M. Petiolar lengths were similarly affected by the chemical and photo-periods. Gibberellin A3 application slightly increased NAR but decreased root RGR. Furthermore, gibberellin A3 significantly enhanced the growth of the petioles of plants grown in Cornell mix (a standard compost) but not in ...

Samples of vegetable pear (mirliton), Sechium edule, SW, fresh tissue were analyzed for moisture and dry matter. Dry matter was further analyzed for crude protein, ether-extractable material, pectin, crude fiber, ash, selected minerals, and nitrogen-free extract. Fresh mirlitons contain 94% moisture. Carotene was not detected. The mirliton does not contain detectable amounts of lipoxygenase or polyphenol oxidase activity (compared to activity in mushroom). Amino acid concentrations in the seed were approximately twice those of the flesh. Methio-nine was detected in the seed but not in the tissue. The data suggest that the mirliton can be a new fresh vegetable crop for the southern area and for processing into frozen food products.

Parthenocarpic fruits of chayote were obtained by application of 2 × 10-3 M gibberellin A3 and A4/7 in lanolin on the stigmatic surfaces of pistillate flowers under greenhouse conditions. The role, of gibberellins on fruit development and the significance of seedless fruits are discussed.

Allium cepa L. bulbs of different genetic constitution were examined for free and bound gibberellin-like substances (GA) by conventional extraction, bioassay, and chromatographic procedures. Both free and bound GA were found in these bulbs. Based on the dwarf-pea bioassay, it was shown that free and bound GA in the extracts varied depending on the source of the bulbs. The total GA of dormant bulbs was greater than that of non-dormant bulbs.

The responses of five tomato cultivars to photoperiod × temperature were determined under phytotronic conditions. Leaf nodes, subtended between the cotyledons and first inflorescence of ‘Epoch’ and ‘Michigan-Ohio Hybrid’ were significantly reduced by short photoperiod (9 hours) and 22° (day)/18°C (night) temperature. Flower number in these two cultivars was increased by short photoperiod. Days to first anthesis were decreased by short photoperiod and 26°/22° temperature in four out of the five cultivars when compared to long photoperiod (9 hr + 3 hr dark interruption) and 18°/14° temperature.

Determinations of carbohydrates in the plant organs of Rhododendron spp. cv. ‘Sweetheart Supreme’ and ‘Hexe’, were made by chemical analysis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Reducing sugar content was 1.5 times higher in buds than in leaves for ‘Hexe’ with no significant differences for ‘Sweetheart Supreme’. Reducing sugars were also higher in the roots than stems with both cultivars. Sucrose content was 1.4 times greater in leaves than in buds of ‘Hexe’ and 1.6 times greater in ‘Sweetheart Supreme’. Starch was significantly higher in leaves and buds than in stems and roots. The predominant soluble sugars identified by TLC and GLC were sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Small but detectable amounts of raffinose and maltose and an unidentified compound were also found in the plant organs.

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Determination of carbohydrates in different organs of 3 tulip cultivars stored at 4°C showed that sucrose and starch constituted 95% of the bulb carbohydrates with reducing sugars constituting 5%. Dry storage at 4° in the dark for 7 or 14 weeks resulted in an increase in total carbohydrates in all cultivars. Starch content of ‘Edith Eddy’, ‘Bellona’ and ‘Schoon-oord’ was increased 28%, 116%, and 270% respectively following 14 weeks of 4°C storage. Changes in sucrose and reducing sugars varied with cultivar and duration of 4° treatment. On a μg/mg dry weight basis, carbohydrate concentrations were generally higher in the shoot, developing bulblets and basalplate than in the storage scales. Dry matter loss was higher in ‘Edith Eddy’ than in ‘Schoonoord’ and ‘Bellona’. The loss of dry matter during 4° storage was reflected by cumulative losses in each of the organs.

The occurrence of gibberellin-like substances in six important bulb species was determined. The results demonstrate the presence of both free and bound GA-like substances in Allium, Hyacinthus, Iris, Lilium, Narcissus, and Tulipa. The possible significance of this class of growth substances in relation to bulb development is discussed.

Gas-liquid chromatography of trimethylsilyl ethers of methyl esters (TMS) of partially purified extracts of tulip bulb organs on 3% OV-1 column suggested the presence of gibberellins A 1 , A 5 , A 8 , A 9 and A 13 . Gibberellins A 1 , A 5 , A 8 and A 9 in the fleshy scales, gibberellin A 1 in the shoot, and gibberellins A 5 , A 9 and A 13 in the roots. Many of the TMS derivatives did not, however, correspond with any of the gibberellin samples available. The TMS derivatives were found to be biologically active in the dwarf pea bioassay.

The starch content of the bulb scales and the ethanol-soluble sugars of the bulblets and bulb scales of Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Preludium declined with development. In contrast, the starch content of the bulblets increased rapidly. Calculations indicated that the total soluble sugars initially in the bulb scales could account for all the soluble sugars in the bulblets at harvest. However, the initial starch content of the bulb scales could account for only 17% of the starch present in the matured bulblets. It was surmised that the remaining 83% of the starch in the matured bulblets was derived from photosynthesis.

Serums from six patients with progressive idiopathic acute or chronic polyneuropathy possessed a cytolytic activity against transformed mouse cholinergic or noncholinergic neuroblasts but not against transformed rat astrocytes. This activity was not qualitatively nor quantitatively present in serums from normal controls or from patients with a variety of other motor system disorders and other neurologic disorders. Fluorescein conjugated goat antihuman IgG and IgM monospecific immunoglubulins were used to characterize further the cytotoxic activity from patient serums and these studies suggested the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) directed against a cell surface neuroblastoma antigen. Cold reactive immunoglobulins of the IgG and IgM type were present in the serums of all six patients. A bioassay is described that may be helpful in evaluating other patients with progressive idiopathic polyneuropathies.

A major growth inhibitory substance of tulip bulbs (Tulipa gesneriana L. cv Paul Richter) has been unequivocally shown to be abscisic acid (ABA). The ABA methyl ester of the free ether-soluble acid fractions of tulip organs had the identical retention time on gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detector as authentic ABA methyl ester. In addition, the mass spectra were the same. On a unit dry matter basis, the basalplate and floral shoot contained 3.6 and 2.6 times more ABA than the fleshy scales, respectively.

Forty-one epileptics with normal or nonspecific EEG changes were subjected to methohexital and pentylenetetrazol activations (Group I). Fifteen epileptic patients with specific epileptiform discharges were subjected to methohexital activation procedures (Group II). The present study showed that, though it is a safe agent, methohexital is not an effective electroencephalographic activator for the epileptic population. In this study, it activated only 7% of the epileptics with normal records or minimal and nonspecific EEG abnormalities and it activated only 33.3% of epileptics who had previously demonstrated a specific paroxysmal epileptiform discharge in a routine recording.

Abstract Several wells with bottom hole temperatures in excess of 400F have been drilled in South Australia. Two early wells were drilled with Lignite-Lignosulfonate fluids and two recent wells used a newly introduced high temperature polymer system. A brief comparison of these high temperature wells has been made. The effects of temperature on the performance and properties of the polymer system are examined and the need for further polymer system are examined and the need for further improvements in the area of high temperature drilling fluids is also considered. INTRODUCTION AND GEOLOGY The Cooper-Eromanga Basin in Australia comprises sediments ranging in age from Cretaceous to the Pre-Permian basement. From surface to the "Transition Pre-Permian basement. From surface to the "Transition Beds" at 5300 ft, the formations are mostly mud-making silts and clays. Below the transition zone, the formations are sandier in nature with interbeds of sand and silt and occasional coals. The boundary between the Cooper and Eromanga Basins is in the Early Jurassic-Upper Triassic period at 7200 to 7300 ft. The Cooper Basin is Permo-Triassic while the greater Eromanga Basin is Jurassic-Cretaceous. Temperature gradients in the area range from 1.7F/100 ft to 3.1F/100 ft, however most wells are less than 10,000 ft deep and thus the higher temperature ranges are not usually encountered. The four high temperature wells discussed have been drilled in the Moomba Block 2A of Petroleum Exploration Leases 5 and 6 in South Australia. A locality map is given in Figure 1. These hot wells have been drilled with several aims:As exploratory holesAs part of the operator's accelerated gas development project Though the wells only have a temperature gradient of 2.8F/100 ft, they have been drilled deeper to 12,000 ft, at which point bottom hole temperatures of 400F have been approached. A general stratigraphic column of the wells is given in Table 1. CASE HISTORY NO. 1 The first well was drilled in 1971 to a depth of 11,974 ft and the bottom hole temperature at TD was 413F. Pressure gradients of up to 0.73 psi/ft were encountered. Drilling and mud data for this well are given in Table 2. Top Interval - 17 1/2" Hole: 0 to 1172 ft This interval was drilled with a Gel spud mud, but due to the presence of hard duracrust it took 4 days to reach casing point of 1172 ft. Difficulty was experienced in running in 13 3/8" casing, and it took 8 days to finally cement the casing in place. Intermediate Interval - 12 1/4" Hole: 1172 to 6211 ft This section was drilled with an 8 1/2" bit using Water-Native Clay mud through mud-making silts and clays into the "Transition Beds" at 5600 ft. The system was then mudded up to a Lignosulfonate fluid and drilling continued with a 9.7 ppg mud weight into the Toolachee Formation. At 8734 ft the mud weight had to be increased to 10.3 ppg to control gas within the coals and sands. Drilling was suspended at 8790 ft and the hole was opened to 12 1/4" to 6211 ft. 9 5/8" casing was then cemented in place. Production Interval - 8 1/2" Hole: 6211 to 11,974 ft Production Interval - 8 1/2" Hole: 6211 to 11,974 ft Drilling continued with a 10.0 ppg Lignosulfonate mud. The mud weight was slowly increased to 10.8 ppg at 9261 ft, up to which point apparently normal ppg at 9261 ft, up to which point apparently normal pressure gradients were encountered. When running pressure gradients were encountered. When running in for DST No. 5, part of the test assembly was lost, but was recovered on the first attempt with an overshot. Drilling continued to 10,107 ft when the weight had to be increased to 11.2 ppg to contain high pressured gas in the Epsilon Formation. An 80 barrel gas kick occurred which was finally killed by increasing the mud weight to 13.3 ppg. At 10,172 ft the mud weight had to be increased again to 14.6 ppg. DST No. 10 at 10,241 ft indicated a pressure ppg. DST No. 10 at 10,241 ft indicated a pressure gradient of 0.73 psi/ft and a bottom hole temperature of 360F. Additions of Lignite for high temperature fluid loss control were commenced with a Lignite : Lignosulfonate ratio of 1:1. 5% by volume of diesel oil was also added to improve the high temperature properties of the mud. Drilling continued to T.D. at 11,974 ft with a 14.6 - 14.8 ppg mud weight. ppg mud weight. Severe flocculation and dehydration occurred below 10,400 ft. Chemical treatment was not effective, necessitating large water dilutions which led to a high barite consumption to maintain mud weight. Logging was completed with difficulty and most tools did not reach bottom, probably due to downhole mud gelation. The well was then plugged and abandoned. A total of 12 DST tests and 4 cores were taken. The mud cost based on 1984 prices was $207,277 and the well took 107 drilling days and 127 total days. The maximum mud weight used was 14.8 ppg and the maximum flowline temperature encountered was 180F. The estimated bottom hole temperature was 413F. CASE HISTORY NO. 2 The second well was drilled in 1978 to a depth of 12,685 ft and bottom hole temperature at TD was estimated at 375F. The well was apparently normally pressured to 10,500 ft. A gradient of 0.65 psi/ft pressured to 10,500 ft. A gradient of 0.65 psi/ft was encountered at 10,718 ft and at 12,462 ft the gradient had increased to 0.73 psi/ft. Drilling and mud data for this well are given in Table 3. Top Interval - 17 1/2" Hole: 0 to 852 ft The well was spudded with a Gel-spud mud, and drilled to 832 ft. 13 3/8" casing was subsequently run and cemented. Intermediate Interval - 12 1/4" Hole: 852 to 6600 ft A Water-Native Clay mud was used to 3300 ft, and was then mudded up to a lightly dispersed Lignite- Lignosulfonate mud. Before reaching the Transition Zone, the mud weight was increased to 10.0 ppg with drilled solids. The viscosity ranged from 40-50 sec/qt. At 5266 ft drilling was halted for 7 days due to rig repairs. Drilling then continued and tight hole was encountered at 5600 ft which required extensive reaming to bottom. To combat hole wash-out, the viscosity was increased to 45-50 sec/qt to casing point of 6600 ft. After logging, 9 5/8" casing was run and cemented. Production Interval - 8 1/2" Hole: 6600 to 12,685 ft Production Interval - 8 1/2" Hole: 6600 to 12,685 ft Drilling continued with mud from the previous interval and properties were improved as drilling progressed. progressed.

The ontogenetic changes of dry matter and abscisic acid (ABA)-like content in the component organs of Tulipa gesneriana L. `Paul Richter9 and `Golden Melody9 under two temperature storage regimes were determined. The organ dry matter and ABA showed marked differences during 13 and 5 C dry storage and during subsequent growth at 13 C. Scale dry matter of both cultivars declined sharply when grown at 13 C. The basalplate of the cultivars showed an initial gain in dry matter, but declined subsequently. The shoot of both cultivars stored at 13 C exhibited greater dry matter gain than at 5 C. In contrast, the bulblets of the cultivars at 5 C showed a much higher rate of dry matter accumulation than at 13 C. An inhibitory substance extracted from tulip bulb organs co-chromatographed with authentic ABA and had identical thin layer chromatographic R F values of ABA in five solvent systems. The total ABA content per bulb increased 3-fold in `Golden Melody9 and 2- to 4-fold in `Paul Richter9 during the course of the temperature treatments. ABA was low in the scales and shoot, but it was high in the basalplate, bulblets, and roots. It is suggested that the probable ABA biosynthetic sites of tulip bulb are the developing bulblets, basalplate, and roots.