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The birth, maturation, and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus regulates specific learning and memory processes, responses to stress, and antidepressant treatment efficacy. This process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to environmental stimuli, including peripheral signals from certain cytokines, hormones, and metabolites, which can promote or hinder the production and survival of new hippocampal neurons. The trillions of microorganisms resident to the gastrointestinal tract, collectively known as the gut microbiota, also demonstrate the ability to modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In doing so, the microbiota-gut-brain axis can influence brain functions regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Unlike the hippocampus, the gut microbiota is highly accessible to direct interventions, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics, and can be manipulated by lifestyle choices including diet. Therefore, understanding the pathways by which the gut microbiota shapes hippocampal neurogenesis may reveal novel targets for non-invasive therapeutics to treat disorders in which alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis have been implicated. This review first outlines the factors which influence both the gut microbiome and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with cognizance that these effects might happen either independently or due to microbiota-driven mechanisms. We then highlight approaches for investigating the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we summarize the current evidence demonstrating the gut microbiota’s ability to influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, including mechanisms driven through immune pathways, microbial metabolites, endocrine signalling, and the nervous system, and postulate implications for these effects in disease onset and treatment.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). However, CML presenting with isolated thrombocytosis and lacking all the typical features of CML is quite rare. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the importance of BCR::ABL1testing for correct diagnosis and treatment even when the presenting features are unusual for CML. We report a case of isolated thrombocytosis with subsequently discovered alternative splicing of JAK2resulting in skipping of exon 15 in the peripheral blood as the initial presentation of CML in a 67-year-old male with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, with BCR::ABL1detected in the bone marrow aspirate. Bone marrow aspirate was collected in EDTA for evaluation and testing. Bone marrow clot and core sections were obtained and the core was decalcified, then each was fixed in neutral-buffered formalin (10%). The clot and core were embedded in formalin and sectioned at 4 microns for evaluation. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy demonstrated markedly increased megakaryocytes with clustering. The chromosome analysis demonstrated t(9;22) and molecular studies for BCR::ABL1were positive. JAK2, MPL, and CALRmutations were negative. The patient did not show a response to hydroxyurea (HU) as the initial treatment. His platelet count normalized within 1 month after treatment with Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Imatinib. This report highlights the importance of pursuing BCR::ABL1testing in the workup of patients with isolated thrombocytosis, even in the presence of abnormal JAK2transcripts and unusual bone marrow features.

Neonates possess a molecular variant of fibrinogen, known as fetal fibrinogen, characterized by increased sialic acid, a greater negative charge, and decreased activity compared with adults. Despite these differences, adult fibrinogen is used for the treatment of bleeding in neonates, with mixed efficacy. To determine safe and efficacious bleeding protocols for neonates, more information on neonatal fibrin clot formation and the influence of sialic acid on these processes is needed. Here, we examine the influence of sialic acid on neonatal fibrin polymerization. We hypothesized that the increased sialic acid content of neonatal fibrinogen promotes fibrin B:b knob-hole interactions and consequently influences the structure and function of the neonatal fibrin matrix. We explored this hypothesis through analysis of structural properties and knob:hole polymerization dynamics of normal and desialylated neonatal fibrin networks and compared them with those formed with adult fibrinogen. We then characterized normal neonatal fibrin knob:hole interactions by forming neonatal and adult clots with either thrombin or snake-venom thrombin-like enzymes that preferentially cleave fibrinopeptide A or B. Sialic acid content of neonatal fibrinogen was determined to be a key determinant of resulting clot properties. Experiments analyzing knob:hole dynamics indicated that typical neonatal fibrin clots are formed with the release of more fibrinopeptide B and less fibrinopeptide A than adults. After the removal of sialic acid, fibrinopeptide release was roughly equivalent between adults and neonates, indicating the influence of sialic acid on fibrin neonatal fibrin polymerization mechanisms. These results could inform future studies developing neonatal-specific treatments of bleeding.

Gallstone ileus is an unusual complication of cholelithiasis. Classically, a stone is impacted at the terminal ileum originating from a cholecystoduodenal fistula. Exceptions to this pathophysiology have been noted at each step. In this systematic review, we document a comprehensive review of postcholecystectomy gallstone ileus inclusive of 49 separate cases and report 8 different mechanisms leading to this unusual complication. The most common mechanism is a lost stone during cholecystectomy that then erodes through the intestinal wall leading to bowel obstruction. Our review showed an older, female predominance (64.0%) at an average age of 68.0 years, patients typically had a burden of comorbidities. Delay in diagnosis was common (64% of cases) with the correct diagnosis made in 37.5% of patients during admission. Pneumobilia was commonly reported (29.0%). There was a wide range in the amount of time between cholecystectomy and gallstone ileus, from 10 days to 50 years (mean 12.4 years). Postcholecystectomy gallstone ileus is an unusual complication of cholelithiasis, which mandates surgery. Retrieval of stones should be undertaken if they are spilled during cholecystectomy. Owing to the increasing age of the American patient population, it is likely that a higher number of patients with this condition will be encountered.

Multi-institutional databases and registries have proliferated over the last decade in all specialties of medicine. They may be especially helpful in low-frequency/high-acuity fields such as pediatric and congenital heart diseases. The Society of Thoracic Surgeon’s Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STSCHSD) is the largest single data set for the congenital heart disease population and includes contemporaneous data from over 120 programs in the United States (and several outside of the United States), capturing greater than 98% of the congenital cardiac surgical procedures in the United States. In 2010, the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society partnered with the STSCHSD to incorporate anesthesia-related elements into the data set. Voluntary site participation in the anesthesia data has grown steadily. Currently, over 60 sites performing more than 60% of cardiac bypass procedures in the STSCHSD are submitting anesthesia data annually into the STSCHSD. Anesthesia data include perioperative medication usage, modalities for hemodynamic and neurologic monitoring, blood product, antifibrinolytic and procoagulant use, and anesthesia-related adverse events. This special article provides a descriptive summary of relevant findings to date, reflecting the wide variety in anesthesia practice patterns present among institutions and illustrates the functionality of a multisite registry in pediatric cardiac anesthesia which can be utilized both locally and nationally.

Multimodal light-harvesting soft systems able to absorb UV-to-NIR radiations and convert into visible emissions have drawn much attention in the last years in order to explore new areas of application in energy, photonics, photocatalysis, sensors, and so forth. Here, we present a new hybrid system combining a supramolecular photonic gel of naphthalimide-derived molecules self-assembled into fibers and upconverting NaYF4:Yb/Tm nanoparticles (UCNPs). The hybrid system presented here manipulates light reversibly as a result of an optical communication between the UCNPs and the photoactive gel network. Upon UV irradiation, the system shows the characteristic emission at 410 nm from the photoactive organomolecule. This emission is also activated upon 980 nm excitation thanks to an efficient energy transfer from the UCNPs to the fibrillary network. Interestingly, the intensity of this emission is thermally regulated during the reversible assembly or disassembly of the organogelator molecules, in such a way that gelator emission is only observed in the aggregated state. Additionally, the adsorption of the UCNPs with the supramolecular gel fibers enhances their emissive properties, a behavior ascribed to the isolation from solvent quenchers and surface defects, as well as an increased IR light scattering promoted by the fibrillary network. The reported system constitutes a unique case of a thermally regulated, reversible, dual UV and IR light-harvesting hybrid soft material.

Women Who Triumphed OverAdversity Joanna McFarland, co-founder and CEO of HopSkipDrive, an on-demand ride service for kids, was steering the firm to its best year ever thanks to a nationwide bus driver shortage, Covid struck, and children stopped going anywhere. Now that most U.S. schools are back in session in-person, Joanna McFarland's ride service for kids, HopSkipDrive, is back to seven-figure monthly revenue. Melissa Ben-Ishay, founder and CEO of cupcake company Baked by Melissa: "I never thought I wanted to be CEO of my company. With afterschool programs closed indefinitely, McFarland had to lay off most of her staff. [Extracted from the article]

She'd already learned the fundamentals of product development creating private-label jewelry for brands like Hot Topic and Nordstrom. No 370 CASSANDRA MORALES THURSWELL THREE-YEAR REVENUE GROWTH: 1,304% In 2010, Cassandra Morales Thurswell launched her $87 million beauty brand, Los Angeles-based Kitsch, with a simple hair tie and a knack for divining the emotional backstory behind even the simplest purchases. Hot Topic wasn't my aesthetic, but it was my favorite client to design for, because I loved hearing how the brand talked about its customer and what she'd want to wear. [Extracted from the article]

Thanks to critical advice from the buyers at QVC, and a little postpartum Chinese wisdom from her mother, Yen pushed the reset button with Yensa. No 443 JENNIFER YEN THREE-YEAR REVENUE GROWTH: 1,107% W With her first beauty brand, former Power Ranger actor Jennifer Yen didn't hit the mark she'd set for herself in representing the Asian beauty traditions she'd learned from her mother and grandmother. Here's what happened when the fledgling, L.A.-based beauty brand earned Yen a golden ticket to appear live on QVC - with eight minutes to make or break her. [Extracted from the article]

Three nonparallel fault systems occur in the Victoria quadrangle of Mercury. The most prominent system (Victoria system) includes the NNW‐SSE trending Victoria Rupes‐Endeavour Rupes‐Antoniadi Dorsum (VEA) array, one of the major fault alignments on the planet, and shorter parallel fault arrays. West and northwest of the Victoria system, two additional fault systems with NE‐SW (Larrocha system) and NW‐SE (Carnegie system) trends, are found. The timing analysis reveals that the three systems are coeval and were active until ~3.7 Ga. Measures of rim offset within faulted craters on the VEA array and on Carnegie Rupes segment of the Carnegie system were used to derive the kinematics of faults and to perform a finite stress inversion, which provides an ENE‐WSW trending regional shortening axis. Results of the stress inversion and age relationships, together with geometrical and morpho‐structural observations, suggest that the NE‐SW and NW‐SE systems acted as right‐transcurrent and left‐transpressional, respectively, at the time when the computed strain field was active. The distribution of the three systems spatially coincides with the boundaries of the high‐Mg region and of other regional geochemical terranes. Lateral geomechanical variation of the crust combined with tidal despinning and global contraction processes drove the localization and slip pattern of faults in a kinematically consistent displacement field. Moreover, crustal heterogeneities controlled the lateral changes in density and spacing of fault segments along the VEA. Following the demise of faulting, the established lateral variation of geometry along the VEA favored the growth of volcanic vents at high‐permeability segment boundaries. Thanks to the recent completion of the geological map of a wide region of Mercury, named Victoria quadrangle, we observe three main orientations of scarps, which are the surface expressions of fault systems. We find out that the three fault systems formed before 3.7 Ga ago and that the principal force that created these systems had a main WNW‐ESE direction. This shortening force should have caused pure compression on the systems perpendicular to its direction and oblique to lateral movements on the rest of the faults, although global tectonic models proposed for Mercury do not expect this deformation scenario in this area. However, we observe that the systems are preferentially located in distinct areas of the quadrangle. They are found within and around a peculiar crustal high‐density region with high‐magnesium abundance possibly characterized by a high‐magma production in the past. We conclude that its activity and density influenced the geometry of faults and their deformation style. Our findings suggest that lateral compositional variations of the crust should be taken into consideration when dealing with global tectonic models of Mercury. The Victoria quadrangle of Mercury encompasses three coeval fault systemsThe three systems were formed by a nonisotropic stress fieldFault nucleation was controlled by preexisting crustal heterogeneities

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging mission showed the surface of Mercury with an accuracy never reached before. The morphological and spectral analyses performed thanks to the data collected between 2008 and 2015 revealed that the Mercurian surface differs from the surface of the Moon, although they look visually very similar. The surface of Mercury is characterized by a high morphological and spectral variability, suggesting that its stratigraphy is also heterogeneous. Here, we focused on the Shakespeare (H‐03) quadrangle, which is located in the northern hemisphere of Mercury. We produced an 8‐color cube of this quadrangle at 450‐m per pixel spatial resolution and with a complete coverage. Various selected color maps based on this eight‐color cube were used to analyze the spectral properties of this region to define its compositional variability and identify some clear units constrained by relevant spectral parameters: for example, we identified a higher concentration of low reflectance material around three main craters of Shakespeare (Degas, Akutagawa, and Sholem Aleichem) and in the area to the south of Sobkou Planitia delimited by 24.4°N to 28.4°N and −140°W to −125°W. Moreover, we selected some regions of interest, which can be proposed as particularly interesting targets for the Visual and Infrared Hyper‐spectral Imager and Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer instruments onboard the BepiColombo spacecraft. This work can help for the geological analysis of this quadrangle, by integrating information that are usually not derived with a single morphostratigraphic analysis. The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging mission showed Mercury's surface with an accuracy never reached before . The analyses performed thanks to the data collected between 2008 and 2015 revealed that the Mercurian surface differs from the surface of the Moon, although they look visually very similar. Mercury's surface is characterized by a high variability in terms of shape and colors, suggesting that its subsurface is also heterogeneous. Here, we focused on the region called Shakespeare, which is located in the north hemisphere of Mercury. We produced a mosaic of images of this region for several colors at high resolution and with a complete coverage. Various selected color maps based on this mosaic were used to analyze the properties of this area to define its compositional variability: for example, we identified a higher concentration of dark material around three craters of Shakespeare (Degas, Akutagawa, and Sholem Aleichem) and in the south of the Sobkou basin. Moreover, we selected some interesting regions that can be proposed as particularly interesting targets for instruments onboard the BepiColombo spacecraft. This work can help for the geological analysis of this quadrangle, by adding information that are usually not derived with a single analysis of landforms. We used the MDIS‐WAC data to produce an eight‐color mosaic of the Shakespeare quadrangleWe identified spectral units from the maps of ShakespeareWe selected two regions of high interest as potential targets for the BepiColombo mission

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Depression is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects the global population and causes severe disabilities and suicide. Depression pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and the disorder is often treatment-resistant and recurrent, necessitating the development of novel therapies, models and concepts in this field.Areas covered: Animal models are indispensable for translational biological psychiatry, and markedly advance the study of depression. Novel approaches continuously emerge that may help untangle the disorder heterogeneity and unclear categories of disease classification systems. Some of these approaches include widening the spectrum of model species used for translational research, using a broader range of test paradigms, exploring new pathogenic pathways and biomarkers, and focusing more closely on processes beyond neural cells (e.g. glial, inflammatory and metabolic deficits).Expert opinion: Dividing the core symptoms into easily translatable, evolutionarily conserved phenotypes is an effective way to reevaluate current depression modeling. Conceptually novel approaches based on the endophenotype paradigm, cross-species trait genetics and ‘domain interplay concept’, as well as using a wider spectrum of model organisms and target systems will enhance experimental modeling of depression and antidepressant drug discovery.