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Background: The current approach to reducing bacterial contamination in blood transfusion products is through detection or pathogen reduction methods, some of which utilize ultraviolet (UV) light photosensitizers. A small number of photosensitizers are being used as single agents in combination with UV light, but their efficacy can be limited against some pathogens. Benzophenone (BP) and vitamins B1, B6, and K3 have been identified as effective UVA photosensitizers for inactivation of bacteria. We evaluated whether combining pairs of photosensitizers in this group would have synergistic bactericidal effects on Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Study Design and Methods: Bacteria species of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were mixed with 0 to 100 mM concentrations of photosensitizers and exposed to UVA irradiation at 18 J/cm2 to assess their bactericidal effects. Results: Single photosensitizers irradiated with UVA produced a range of bactericidal activity. When combined in pairs, all demonstrated some synergistic bactericidal effects with up to 4‐log reduction above the sum of activities of individual molecules in the pair against bacteria in plasma. Photosensitizer pairs with BP had the highest synergism across all bacteria. With vitamin K3 in the pair, synergism was evident for Gram‐positive but not for Gram‐negative bacteria. Vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 had the least synergism. These results indicate that a combination approach with multiple photosensitizers may extend effectiveness of pathogen reduction in plasma. Conclusions: Combining photosensitizers in pathogen reduction methods could improve bactericidal efficacy and lead to use of lower concentrations of photosensitizers to reduce toxicities and unwanted side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hierarchical structure consisting of In2S3 nanoparticles decorated on ZnO nano arrays is synthesized via a straightforward coupling way. Compared to bare ZnO nano arrays, high photoresponse is measured through the coupling of ZnO nano arrays with In2S3 nanostructures. The hierarchical structure exhibited high-performance UltraViolet (UV) detection with a short recovery time, and its self-powered operation is notable in counterpart of pure In2S3 nanoparticles. It will offer a cost-efficient approach for fabricating high-performance photodetectors utilizing a metal oxide hierarchical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the regenerative braking control strategies for hybrid electric vehicles equipped with continuously variable transmission (CVT) mainly focus on improving the regenerative braking efficiency. But the influence of dynamic change of the CVT ratio is not considered with regard to the intended braking effect. For a CVT ratio control strategy based on steady-state optimal efficiency, the performance of motor-only braking and engine/motor combined braking modes are analyzed. The analysis of these modes shows that actual braking strength deviates from that required during the dynamic braking process. After analyzing the dynamic characteristics of a transmission system, a CVT ratio control strategy based on the limitations of the ratio rate of change is proposed, with the use of a discrete exhaustive optimization method. The simulation results show that, under a variety of braking conditions, the proposed regenerative braking control strategy can make the actual braking strength follow the requirements and recover more braking energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has been increasing in China. Previous studies have examined the association between social norms and risk behaviors among high-risk populations for HIV infection. However, little is known about social norms and condom use among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study sought to investigate the relationship between perceived social norms on condom use and inconsistent condom use among PLWHA. A cross-sectional survey was conducted through convenience sampling among 412 PLWHA between March and June 2013 in Guangzhou, China. Descriptive norm of condom use was measured as perception of number of friends thinking it necessary to use condoms when having sex. About three-fourths (n = 301, 73.1%) of the PLWHA were sexually active since HIV diagnosis. Among the sexually active PLWHA, the average age was 36.5 years; about two-thirds were male; the majority was Han ethnic (92.7%); 55.5% discussed condom use with their friends and the rate of inconsistent condom use in the last three sexual encounters was 29.2%. In the multivariate logistic regression, PLWHA who perceived more of their friends’ approval of condom use were less likely to engage in unprotected sex than their counterparts (aOR = 0.25,p = .001). Those whose family members were aware of their HIV infection status were less likely to engage in unprotected sex than their counterparts (aOR = 0.17,p < .001). Those who lived with family members were more likely to have unprotected sex than those who lived with friends (aOR = 8.47,p = .007). The results underscore the importance of developing culturally appropriate social norm-based HIV interventions among PLWHA. Future interventions focused on changing social norms on risk behaviors in the social network of PLWHA have the potential to reduce risk behaviors and to promote condom use among PLWHA. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

With the advancement of wireless communication and electronic equipment, microwave absorption materials (MAMs) have more and more broad applications in related fields. Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene with unique two-dimensional structure and excellent dielectric properties is often used as a precursor of nano-TiO 2 , which is a potential MAMs. Carbon nanofibers, as a one-dimensional material, have great electrical conductivity and can form interconnected three-dimensional conductive networks. In this study, Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene was prepared by in-situ HF etching method, and further combined with the benefits of Co, Ce metals, and carbon nanofibers. Co/CeO 2 /TiO 2 /CNFs were prepared via a facile technique for electromagnetic microwave (EM) absorption, exhibiting excellent EM absorption performance due to the synergistic effects of dielectric and magnetic properties. The minimum reflection loss (RL min) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reache −63.35 dB (11.2 GHz) and 3.6 GHz (9.5–13.1 GHz), with a thickness of only 2.35 mm and a filling rate of 30 wt%, while the maximum EAB reaches 5.4 GHz (12.4–17.8 GHz) with a thickness of 1.82 mm, covering nearly the entire Ku band. By offering a novel strategy to the creation of brand-new, high-performance MAMs based on 1D carbon nanofibers with dielectric/magnetic synergy, this work is believed to support the development of upcoming MAMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the associations between air pollution and male sexual function. A total of 5047 male subjects in China were included in this study. The average air pollution exposure (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , CO, NO 2 , and O 3) for the preceding 1, 3, 6, and 12 months before the participants' response was assessed. Male sexual function was evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT). Generalized linear models were utilized to explore the associations between air pollution and male sexual function. K-prototype algorithm was conducted to identify the association among specific populations. Significant adverse effects on the IIEF-5 score were observed with NO 2 exposure during the preceding 1, 3, and 6 months (1 m: β = −5.26E-05; 3 m: β = −4.83E-05; 6 m: β = −4.23E-05, P < 0.05). PM 2.5 exposure during the preceding 12 months was found to significantly negatively affect the PEDT after adjusting for confounding variables. Our research indicated negative correlations between air pollutant exposures and male sexual function for the first time. Furthermore, these associations were more pronounced among specific participants who maintain a normal BMI, exhibit extroverted traits, and currently engage in smoking and alcohol consumption. [Display omitted] • Average NO 2 exposure was negatively associated with IIEF-5 scores. • PM 2.5 exposure over the preceding 12 months negatively impacted the PEDT. • Reducing air pollution exposure is important for male sexual function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRecent research indicates that inappropriate visual coding exacerbates the side effects of cognitive load imbalance in the recognition of graphical symbols on VR/MR interfaces, leading to severe issues in individuals’ understanding of task processes. In response to this situation, a VR/MR interface strategy supporting precision equipment collaborative assembly is proposed. This strategy revolves around interactive cues such as virtual-real scene registration tracking, spatiotemporal data synchronization, eye gaze, and motion capture, aiming to construct a visual coding design mechanism for VR/MR interfaces. The goal is to enhance the quality of assembly intent expression and slow down the accumulation rate of individual mental fatigue. This study designs an experimental VR/MR interface coding prototype system. Through case study experiments, direct evidence is found that the proposed MR interface coding strategy has advantages in assembly completion time, decision-making ability, visual perception experience, and operational interaction experience. The experimental results of this study will be beneficial for guiding the assessment of VR/MR manual micro-operation quality processes, especially in the field of precision assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To conduct psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the National Health Service Sustainability Model as an instrument to assess the sustainability of innovation in the Chinese nursing setting. Background: Evidence‐based practice is recognized worldwide as a way to improve the quality of healthcare; however, many evidence‐based practice programmes decline over time and do not sustain the benefits of their improvements. A sustainability assessment tool is used internationally but its use has not been validated in China. Design: A methodological study to test instrument validity and reliability. Methods: The data collection was conducted from 15 June 2022 to 31 August 2022. The internal consistency of the Chinese version of the sustainability model was measured with Cronbach's alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the model's structural validity. Results: Four hundred eighty‐three questionnaires were returned, of which 478 were valid. The short time taken to evaluate the Chinese version of the sustainability model demonstrated its efficiency and ability to adapt to a busy clinical environment. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit model and supported the convergence validity of the sustainability model. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.905 for the total scale, which indicated good internal consistency. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the Chinese version of the sustainability model is a valid, reliable and efficient tool for measuring the sustainability of evidence‐based practices in Chinese nursing settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? As evidence‐based care grows in China, there are increasing numbers of programmes for evidence‐based practice.Evidence‐based practice leaders in China are currently focused on the implementation of evidence, with little focus on the maintenance of evidence after implementation.There is a lack of tools to assess the sustainability of evidence‐based practice in China. What this paper adds? This study further validates and refines the National Health Service Sustainability Model (NHS SM) in China's busy, centralized and paternalistic nursing clinical settings.Bridges the gap in sustainability assessment tools in China by introducing an evidence‐based practice sustainability assessment tool and further validating and refining the model in busy, centralized and paternalistic nursing clinical settings. The implications of this paper: Provide support to nursing professionals when selecting tools to assess the sustainability of evidence‐based practice in order to promote programme maintenance, avoid wasted upfront resource investment and achieve long‐term programme benefits.Provide a reference for professionals in other countries to introduce sustainability assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) have not been entirely clarified, oxidative stress is thought to be its leading cause. As a major component responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during oxidative stress, p22phox, encoded by CYBA, is an essential subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CYBA expression and its polymorphism are associated with PE. Methods: Expression of CYBA was analysed in placentas from PE and control groups, as well as in HTR-8/SVneo cells stimulated with CoCl2 and TNF-α. Then, the CYBA C242T polymorphism in 1184 patients with PE and 1421 healthy controls was genotyped using the TaqMan probe, and the different distributions identified were confirmed by a case‒control association study. Results: Expression of CYBA mRNA and protein in the placenta of pregnant women with PE was significantly increased compared to controls. Expression of CYBA mRNA was also increased in HTR-8/SVneo cells collected after 24 h of separate stimulation with cobalt chloride and TNF-α. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the C242T locus genotype and CYBA allele frequency between the case group and control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: CYBA may play a role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in PE, in which it may function by cooperating with the TNF-α-related inflammatory pathway. Although no discrepant distribution of the CYBA C242T polymorphism in the Chinese population was detected, it is necessary to examine multiple CYBA SNPs in diverse populations and perform functional experiments to gain further insights into its pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemotherapy, whilst treating tumours, can also lead to numerous adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, fatigue and kidney toxicity, threatening the physical and mental health of patients. Simultaneously, misuse of chemotherapeutic drugs can seriously endanger patients' lives. Therefore, to maintain the safety of chemotherapy for cancer patients and to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, many guidelines state that a comprehensive assessment of the cancer patient should be conducted and documented before chemotherapy. This recommended procedure, however, has yet to be extensively embraced in Chinese hospitals. As such, this study aimed to standardise the content of pre-chemotherapy assessment for cancer patients in hospitals and to improve nurses' adherence to pre-chemotherapy assessment of cancer patients by conducting a national multi-site evidence implementation in China, hence protecting the safety of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy in patients. Methods: The national multi-site evidence implementation project was launched by a JBI Centre of Excellence in China and conducted using the JBI approach to evidence implementation. A pre- and post-audit approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. This project had seven phases: training, planning, baseline audit, evidence implementation, two rounds of follow-up audits (3 and 9 months after evidence implementation, respectively) and sustainability assessment. A live online broadcast allowed all participating hospitals to come together to provide a summary and feedback on the implementation of the project. Results: Seventy-four hospitals from 32 cities in China participated in the project, four withdrew during the project's implementation, and 70 hospitals completed the project. The pre-and post-audit showed a significant improvement in the compliance rate of nurses performing pre-chemotherapy assessments for cancer patients. Patient satisfaction and chemotherapy safety were also improved through the project's implementation, and the participating nurses' enthusiasm and belief in implementing evidence into practice was increased. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the feasibility of academic centres working with hospitals to promote the dissemination of evidence in clinical practice to accelerate knowledge translation. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of cross-regional and cross-organisational collaborations to facilitate evidence dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the precise logical analysis method, the paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation model of transportation superiority in terms of transportation network density, the influence of transportation arteries, and regional location-specific advantages, then select Southwest China as a case to evaluate the transportation superiority and analyze the correlations of transportation with regional economic development and population distribution. The results show that there is a positive correlation between regional transportation superiority and regional population density as well as GDP per capita in the spatial distribution. Finally, by using the fuzzy logic analysis method, we propose countermeasures and suggestions for the impact of transportation integration on regional economic development and population distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equilibrium structure of cyclohexane dication C6H122+ and singly charged ions C2H4+ and C4H8+ suggests that hydrogen migration can proceed in dissociation process of C6H122+ to C2H4+ and C4H8+. Using dc‐slice imaging technique, the fragmentation pathway C6H122+ → C2H4++C4H8+ is detected under an intense femtosecond laser field. Two‐body Coulomb explosion (CE) of C6H122+ to C2H4+ and C4H8+ is securely identified. The quasi‐isotropic distributions of ions indicate the precursor have a relatively long dissociation time. Then, B3LYP density functional theory calculations are performed on this dissociation process, the results show the precursor C6H122+ undergoes molecular rearrangement and 1, 2‐ and 6, 5‐ hydrogen migrations during the dissociation process. These molecular rearrangement and hydrogen migration processes can reduce the anisotropy distribution of fragment ions C2H4+ and C4H8+, which is consistent with the experimental results. The present work will be useful to understand hydrogen migration processes within the hydrocarbon molecules. The equilibrium structure of cyclohexane dication (C6H122+), and singly charged ions C2H4+ and C4H8+, indicates that hydrogen migration may be involved in photofragmentation of C6H122+ to C2H4+ and C4H8+. Quantum chemical calculations on this pathway show that C6H122+ undergoes 1, 2‐ and 6, 5‐H migrations before dissociating into C2H4+ and C4H8+. The almost isotropic distribution of CE channel of C2H4+ and C4H8+ obtained by dc‐slice imaging technique supports these theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Methods Results Conclusion The resilience education of intern nursing students has significant implications for the development and improvement of the nursing workforce. The clinical internship period is a critical time for enhancing resilience.To evaluate the resilience level of Chinese nursing interns and explore the effects of factors affecting resilience early in their careers, focusing on the mediating roles of career adaptability between clinical learning environment and resilience.The cross‐sectional study design was adopted. From March 2022 to May 2023, 512 nursing interns in tertiary care hospitals were surveyed online with the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, the Clinical Learning Environment Scale for Nurse and the Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to clarify the relationships among these factors. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapped confidence intervals.The nursing interns showed a moderately high level of resilience [M (SD) = 70.15 (19.90)]. Gender, scholastic attainment, scholarship, career adaptability and clinical learning environment were influencing factors of nursing interns' resilience. Male interns with good academic performance showed higher levels of resilience. Career adaptability and clinical learning environment positively and directly affected their resilience level (β = 0.62, 0.18, respectively, p < .01). Career adaptability was also positively affected by the clinical learning environment (β = 0.36, p < .01), and mediated the effect of clinical learning environment on resilience (β = 0.22, p < .01).Clinical learning environment can positively affect the resilience level of nursing interns. Career adaptability can affect resilience directly and also play a mediating role between clinical learning environment and resilience. Thus, promotion of career adaptability and clinical teaching environment should be the potential strategies for nursing interns to improve their resilience, especially for female nursing interns with low academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Thr790 Met (T790M) mutation is responsible for approximately half of the acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Identifying patients at diagnosis who are likely to develop this mutation after first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI treatment is crucial for better treatment outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a radiomics-based machine learning (ML) approach to predict the T790M mutation in NSCLC patients at diagnosis. We collected retrospective data from 210 positive EGFR mutation NSCLC patients, extracting 1316 radiomics features from CT images. Using the LASSO algorithm, we selected 10 radiomics features and 2 clinical features most relevant to the mutations. We built models with 7 ML approaches and assessed their performance through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The radiomics model and combined model, which integrated radiomics features and relevant clinical factors, achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.81) and 0.86 (0.87–0.88), respectively, in predicting the T790M mutation. Our study presents a convenient and noninvasive radiomics-based ML model for predicting this mutation at the time of diagnosis, aiding in targeted treatment planning for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and effective access to agricultural and pastoral information is of great practical importance for scientific planning in agriculture and pastoral husbandry and food security reserves. This paper utilised intra-annual monthly synthetic data from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, combined with band information and index information to simultaneously obtain intra-annual phenological change information and extracted different types of information for random forest classification, thus obtaining the fine-grained agricultural and pastoral map of Jingyang District. On this basis, the effects of different data sources and the importance of different features on the classification results were further analysed. The results show that in the classification results of the Sentinel-1 data method, March feature is the most important and May feature has the least influence on the classification results. In the classification results of the Sentinel-2 data method and the combined Sentinel-1 data and Sentinel-2 data, the December feature has the greatest importance and the February feature has the least impact on the classification results. The NDVI index has the highest importance and the EVI index has the lowest importance score. The importance of band features varies in the classification results of different data sources. The accuracy of the agricultural and pastoral information in Jingyang District is 83.31% and the kappa is 0.76. Rice is the largest crop with an area of 239,830,800 m2, mainly located in the northwest and mountainous areas of Jingyang District. It is followed by green manure with an area of 60,274,000 m2, mainly in the mountainous part. This study demonstrates the feasibility of extracting agricultural and pastoral information from remote sensing images, and also provides basic data for future agricultural and pastoral planning in Jingyang District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cone penetration test (CPT) has been commonly applied as a site investigation tool and a laboratory measurement method in centrifuge tests to study soil properties. In this research, large deformation finite element (LDFE) analysis is utilized to realize the simulation of continuous cone penetration in two-layered clay deposits in centrifuge testing, with the aim of better interpreting the shear strength of cone penetration testing data. The numerical model is validated against previous published data, where good agreement is obtained. From LDFE results, it is concluded that for stiff-over-soft clay, the measured peak resistance in top layer is underestimated and the resistance curve in bottom layer is overestimated at the transitional depth where the stiff soil is trapped below the conical surface of cone. However, for soft-over-stiff clay, owing to the insufficient thickness for cone to reach its full resistance, the effect of top layer thickness needs to be considered. Finally, based on intensive numerical modeling results empirical formulae are proposed to quantify the prediction errors and to obtain a more accurate prediction for the soil profile using CPT data in centrifuge tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of traffic demand and the development of intelligent technology, autonomous transportation system (ATS) has been considered as future transportation system. The evaluation of a designed physical architecture of ATS is necessary for understanding whether and how ATS operates and evolves automatically without manual works, and architecture simulation is a method for solving such research problem. Therefore, in this study, architecture simulation based on system dynamics modelling has been employed for physical architecture research. Under this methodology, a simulation case for scenario "Autonomous Vehicle on a Crossing in an Autonomous Transportation System" has been studied for understanding the information flow in ATS to evaluate and optimise its physical architecture of ATS. In conclusion, the system dynamic model could help researchers understand and evaluate the physical architecture's operation of ATS by scenario analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the complicated and indeterminate autonomous transportation system (ATS) has drawn increased interest in order to better address issues associated with contemporary transportation development. Hoping to make transportation more sustainable, economical, safe, convenient, and efficient, researchers try to address the expanding demands with the help of ATS characteristics, i.e., sensing, learning, deciding, and reacting autonomously. The majority of research is focused on the ATS architecture, which is currently in the design phase. To refine the relationship between entities in the architecture, this paper proposes DESIEP, a method based on discrete event simulation (DES) for information exchange pairs (IEPs) in ATS. This method can provide an intelligible description of the information stream while conveniently illustrating the control relationship of sequential logic amongst the entities in the architecture. It helps researchers better understand the running mechanisms driven by internal demands and external technologies of the system so as to diagnose, evaluate, verify, and optimize the designed architecture. Meanwhile, this method also supports further research on the system evolution and architecture analysis, including the functions, logic, and physical architectures of each generation, as well as their mapping relationships and parallel evolution mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoFe 2 O 4 /hydrochar composites (FeCo@HC) were synthesized via a facile one-step hydrothermal method and utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for simultaneous degradation of monochlorobenzene (MCB) and p-chloroaniline (PCA). Additionally, the effects of humic acid, Cl-, HCO 3 -, H 2 PO 4 -, HPO 4 2- and water matrices were investigated and degradation pathways of MCB and PCA were proposed. The removal efficiencies of MCB and PCA were higher in FeCo@HC140–10/PMS system obtained under hydrothermal temperature of 140 °C than FeCo@HC180–10/PMS and FeCo@HC220–10/PMS systems obtained under higher temperatures. Radical species (i.e., SO 4 • -, •OH) and nonradical pathways (i.e., 1O 2 , Fe (IV)/Co (IV) and electron transfer through surface FeCo@HC140–10/PMS* complex) co-occurred in the FeCo@HC140–10/PMS system, while radical and nonradical pathways were dominant in degrading MCB and PCA respectively. The surface functional groups (i.e., C-OH and C O) and Fe/Co redox cycles played crucial roles in the PMS activation. MCB degradation was significantly inhibited in the mixed MCB/PCA solution over that in the single MCB solution, whereas PCA degradation was slightly promoted in the mixed MCB/PCA solution. These findings are significant for the provision of a low-cost and environmentally-benign synthesis of bimetal-hydrochar composites and more detailed understanding of the related mechanisms on PMS activation for simultaneous removal of the mixed contaminants in groundwater. [Display omitted] • CoFe 2 O 4 /hydrochar-PMS for removing mixed MCB/PCA in groundwater was studied. • Surface functional groups and Fe/Co redox cycles were crucial for PMS activation. • SO 4 • -, •OH, Fe(IV)/Co(IV), 1O 2 and electron transfer co-occurred during activation. • Radical and nonradical pathways dominated in degrading MCB and PCA respectively. • Inhibited MCB and enhanced PCA removal were shown in the mixed contaminant solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) represents a promising desalination technology leveraging solar energy and seawater. Nevertheless, the majority of SIE systems face constraints such as high costs, intricate fabrication processes, and limited tolerance to salt. Therein, we designed and developed an eco-friendly, simple, and low-cost way to construct independent and elastic three-dimensional networks using tannic acid (TA), polypyrrole (PPy), and sodium alginate (SA) via the triple action mechanism of Fe3+ for efficient water evaporation (TPS-x). When the mass ratios of PPy and TA are designed as 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, and crosslinked with sodium alginate and FeCl 3 , four composites (TPS-1, TPS-2, TPS-3, and TPS-4) are obtained, in which the light absorption and evaporation properties of TPS-3 are the optimal, with an evaporation rate up to 2.451 kg m−2 h−1 and a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 84.74 %. Additionally, the TPS-3 evaporator has excellent stability and salt tolerance, maintaining more than 95.5 % of its original evaporation rate after 20 days of cycling tests. Due to its exceptional photothermal evaporation performance, TPS-3 shows potential for practical commercial applications, particularly in the fields of wastewater treatment and desalination. • The TA/PPy/SA (TPS-x) evaporators are prepared in an eco-friendly and simple way via the triple action mechanism of Fe3+ • TPS-3 displays best water evaporation rate of 2.451 kg m−2 h−1 among the four TPS-x evaporators • TPS-3 exhibits excellent desalination ability, self-desalination capability and long-time running stability • TPS-3 could envision promising practical application prospect owning to its high efficiency and low cost [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of sea breezes with urban heat island (UHI) in coastal areas has been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, the impact of pure sea breeze (PSB), characterized by a prevailing wind direction perpendicular to the coastline, on UHI remains rarely unexplored. In this study, the PSB events from 2015 to 2022 in Tianjin are identified using 10-m wind observations, and their occurrence frequency is found to show significant seasonality with least frequency in autumn. Besides, we identify the event of all sea breeze (ASB), as well as the days with non-sea breeze (NSB), and the PSB events are found to only account for about one tenth of ASB events. To analyze the potential impact of PSB on UHI, we propose a term of urban-rural temperature difference (URTD) to represent UHI. This is implemented by calculating the difference of 2-m air temperature (T 2m) at the city center station of Tianjin minus T 2m at other meteorological stations along both directions: the PSB prevailing direction (PSB_H), and the direction perpendicular to PSB_H (PSB_V). Results show that the URTD in the presence of PSB tends to decline gradually from the coastline to the city center along the PSB_H. In contrast, the URTD doesn't change much along the direction of PSB_V. Shifting focus to the direction of PSB_H, the most pronounced alterations in URTD (upstream minus downstream) are found in the presence of PSB (2.14 °C), compared with ASB (0.85 °C) and NSB (0.57 °C). This indicates that the most substantial variation in URTD from coastline to city center occurs under the influence of PSB compared to others. Finally, a case study by comparing PSB against NSB is conducted, which confirms the above-mentioned phenomena. Our findings highlight the importance of classifying sea breeze in elucidating the impact of sea breeze on the UHI. • Pure sea breeze (PSB) events in Tianjin are identified and characterized using consecutive 10-m wind observations. • The air-temperature difference between Tianjin and other stations indicates the urban-rural temperature difference (URTD). • The URTD notably decreases along PSB's prevailing direction in PSB events compared to other sea breeze scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]