188 results on '"Gunnarsson, Martin"'
Search Results
152. Den brutala sanningen är några få klick bort - En studie av relationen mellan hotell i Sverige och Tripadvisor
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Hermelin, Cornelia, Gunnarsson, Martin, Pettersson, Mikaela, Hermelin, Cornelia, Gunnarsson, Martin, and Pettersson, Mikaela
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I en allt mer informationsintensiv värld flödar kunskap och åsikter fritt över landgränser och sociala hierarkier. I och med framväxten av sociala medier har recensionssidor där vem som helst kan gå in och tycka till om en hotellupplevelse ökat. En av de mest inflytelserika recensionssidorna är Tripadvisor.com. Där kan alla som har tillgång till internet recensera vilket hotell som helst och sprida positiva eller negativa åsikter som når ut till en stor publik. Hur tar hotellen emot denna nya typ av word of mouth som når ut till långt fler än bara de närmsta vännerna? I denna uppsats undersöker vi kommunikationskällans egenskaper samt dess inverkan på hotellens arbetssätt.
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- 2011
153. Neurologi i förvandling - från diagnostik till terapeutisk disciplin
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Smits, Anja, Andsberg, Gunnar, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnnus, Gunnarsson, Martin, Kumlien, Eva, Lycke, Jan, Marup Jensen, Svend, Nilsson Remahl, Ingela, Nyholm, Dag, Smits, Anja, Andsberg, Gunnar, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnnus, Gunnarsson, Martin, Kumlien, Eva, Lycke, Jan, Marup Jensen, Svend, Nilsson Remahl, Ingela, and Nyholm, Dag
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- 2008
154. Svensk neurologi i behov av kraftig resursförstärkning
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Smits, Anja, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnus, Andsberg, Gunnar, Fredrikson, Sten, Gunnarsson, Martin, Hultgren, Margareta, Landtblom, Anne-Marie, Lycke, Jan, Marup Jensen, Svend, Naver, Hans, Nilsson Remahl, Ingela, Walentin, Fredrik, Smits, Anja, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnus, Andsberg, Gunnar, Fredrikson, Sten, Gunnarsson, Martin, Hultgren, Margareta, Landtblom, Anne-Marie, Lycke, Jan, Marup Jensen, Svend, Naver, Hans, Nilsson Remahl, Ingela, and Walentin, Fredrik
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- 2008
155. [Changing neurology : from diagnostic to therapeutic discipline]
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Smits, Anja, Andsberg, Gunnar, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnus, Fredrikson, Sten, Gunnarsson, Martin, Kumlien, Eva, Lycke, Jan, Jensen, Svend Marup, Remahl, Ingela Nilsson, Nyholm, Dag, Smits, Anja, Andsberg, Gunnar, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnus, Fredrikson, Sten, Gunnarsson, Martin, Kumlien, Eva, Lycke, Jan, Jensen, Svend Marup, Remahl, Ingela Nilsson, and Nyholm, Dag
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- 2008
156. [Representantives of the Swedish Neurological Association : Swedish neurology needs strong resource reinforcement]
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Smits, Anja, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnus, Andsberg, Gunnar, Fredrikson, Sten, Gunnarsson, Martin, Hultgren, Margareta, Landtblom, Anne-Marie, Lycke, Jan, Jensen, Svend Marup, Naver, Hans, Remahl, Ingela Nilsson, Walentin, Fredrik, Smits, Anja, Andersen, Peter M, Andersson, Magnus, Andsberg, Gunnar, Fredrikson, Sten, Gunnarsson, Martin, Hultgren, Margareta, Landtblom, Anne-Marie, Lycke, Jan, Jensen, Svend Marup, Naver, Hans, Remahl, Ingela Nilsson, and Walentin, Fredrik
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- 2008
157. Immunosuppressive therapy reduces axonal damage in progressive multiple sclerosis
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Axelsson, Markus, primary, Malmeström, Clas, additional, Gunnarsson, Martin, additional, Zetterberg, Henrik, additional, Sundström, Peter, additional, Lycke, Jan, additional, and Svenningsson, Anders, additional
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- 2013
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158. Modelling for Fuel Optimal Control of SI VCR Engines
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Nilsson, Ylva, Eriksson, Lars, Gunnarsson, Martin, Nilsson, Ylva, Eriksson, Lars, and Gunnarsson, Martin
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- 2006
159. A Model for Fuel Optimal Control of a Spark-Ignited Variable Compression Engine
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Nilsson, Ylva, Eriksson, Lars, Gunnarsson, Martin, Nilsson, Ylva, Eriksson, Lars, and Gunnarsson, Martin
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- 2006
160. Neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein in multiple sclerosis
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Norgren, Niklas, Sundström, Peter, Svenningsson, Anders, Rosengren, Lars, Stigbrand, Torgny, Gunnarsson, Martin, Norgren, Niklas, Sundström, Peter, Svenningsson, Anders, Rosengren, Lars, Stigbrand, Torgny, and Gunnarsson, Martin
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate levels of neurofilament light (NFL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in CSF from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in relation to clinical progress of the disease. Methods: CSF levels of NFL and GFAP were determined by sensitive ELISAs in 99 patients with different subtypes of MS, classified in terms of “ongoing relapse” or “clinically stable disease,” and 25 control subjects. Levels were compared with paraclinical data such as immunoglobulin G index and inflammatory cell count in the CSF, and the levels were related to Expanded Disability Status Scale score and progression index at clinical follow-up evaluations later in the disease course. Results: NFL and GFAP levels were elevated in MS patients as compared with control subjects (p < 0.001). The NFL levels were higher at relapses, whereas GFAP levels were unaffected. High NFL levels correlated with progression in patients with an active relapse (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and in clinically stable patients (r = 0.29; p < 0.05). GFAP correlated to progression in the total patient cohort (r = 0.24; p < 0.05). Moreover, a strong correlation between NFL levels and inflammatory cell counts was evident in the group of patients with an ongoing relapse (r = 0.52; p = 0.001). Conclusions: CSF levels of neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein may have prognostic value in multiple sclerosis.
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- 2004
161. Ledarskap – individen i gruppen
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Johnson, Urban, Gunnarsson, Martin, Petersson, Jerry, Johnson, Urban, Gunnarsson, Martin, and Petersson, Jerry
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- 2004
162. Reply
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Gunnarsson, Martin, primary, Malmeström, Clas, additional, Rosengren, Lars, additional, Lycke, Jan, additional, and Svenningsson, Anders, additional
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- 2011
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163. Axonal damage in relapsing multiple sclerosis is markedly reduced by natalizumab
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Gunnarsson, Martin, primary, Malmeström, Clas, additional, Axelsson, Markus, additional, Sundström, Peter, additional, Dahle, Charlotte, additional, Vrethem, Magnus, additional, Olsson, Tomas, additional, Piehl, Fredrik, additional, Norgren, Niklas, additional, Rosengren, Lars, additional, Svenningsson, Anders, additional, and Lycke, Jan, additional
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- 2010
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164. A Model for Fuel Optimal Control of a Spark-Ignited Variable Compression Engine
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Nilsson, Ylva, primary, Eriksson, Lars, additional, and Gunnarsson, Martin, additional
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- 2006
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165. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with lipopolysaccharide induces expression of the plasma protein α2-macroglobulin
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Gunnarsson, Martin, primary, Frängsmyr, Lars, additional, Stigbrand, Torgny, additional, and Jensen, Poul Erik H, additional
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- 2003
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166. Conformational state and receptor recognition of the C-terminal domain of human α2-macroglobulin after dissociation into half-molecules
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Jensen, Poul Erik H, primary, Gunnarsson, Martin, additional, and Stigbrand, Torgny, additional
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- 2001
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167. Conformational variants of human α2-macroglobulin are reflected in a C-terminal ‘switch region’
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Gunnarsson, Martin, primary, Stigbrand, Torgny, additional, and Jensen, Poul Erik H., additional
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- 2000
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168. Aberrant forms of α2-macroglobulin purified from patients with multiple sclerosis
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Gunnarsson, Martin, primary, Stigbrand, Torgny, additional, and Jensen, Poul Erik H, additional
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- 2000
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169. Binding of Soluble Myelin Basic Protein to Various Conformational Forms of α2-Macroglobulin
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Gunnarsson, Martin, primary and Jensen, Poul Erik H., additional
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- 1998
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170. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with lipopolysaccharide induces expression of the plasma protein <f>α2</f>-macroglobulin
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Gunnarsson, Martin, Frängsmyr, Lars, Stigbrand, Torgny, and Jensen, Poul Erik H.
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MACROGLOBULINS , *MESSENGER RNA - Abstract
The human
α2 -macroglobulin gene is approximately 48 kb in size and consists of 36 exons, which encode the 180 kDa subunit of this large tetrameric protein. In this investigation, a procedure of sequencing humanα2 -macroglobulin mRNA, using mRNA from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as template in RT-PCR, was developed. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations with lipopolysaccharide inducedα2 -macroglobulin mRNA expression reaching levels detectable by RT-PCR. Extracted humanα2 -macroglobulin mRNA was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of a 500 bp DNA segment encoding the most C-terminal, receptor-binding part of the protein, usingα2 -macroglobulin specific primers. The sequence obtained matched the earlier published sequence of humanα2 -macroglobulin , except for three point mutations, i.e., cytosine for guanine, cytosine for thymidine and thymidine for adenine substitutions at positions 4369, 4423, and 4511, respectively. None of these alterations, however, affect the amino acid sequence of the protein. In conclusion, we demonstrate a new, improved, approach to sequence humanα2 -macroglobulin mRNA by overexpressing the protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This procedure may be useful in the search for mutations inα2 -macroglobulin, examining its role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2003
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171. Conformational variants of human α2-macroglobulin are reflected in a C-terminal ‘switch region’.
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Gunnarsson, Martin, Stigbrand, Torgny, and Jensen, Poul Erik H.
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ALPHA macroglobulins , *MACROGLOBULINS , *ENDOCYTOSIS - Abstract
Human α2-macroglobulin displays extensive conformational changes when induced to transform into new quaternary structures, which are eliminated from the systemic circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis. One major region involved in these conformational changes is located in a segment of 30 amino acids from Glu1314 to Ser1343 (-Glu-Glu-Phe-Pro-Phe-Ala-Leu-Gly-Val-Gln-Thr-Leu-Pro-Gln-Thr-Cys-Asp-Glu-Pro-Lys-Ala-His-Thr-Ser-Phe-Gln-Ile-Ser-Leu-Ser-), which we term the ‘switch region’ of α2-macroglobulin, as deduced by immunochemical techniques. Monoclonal antibodies were generated using either native, methylamine-treated or the 18-kDa C-terminal receptor-binding fragment as the immunogen. From an extensive number of obtained hybridomas, 11 mAbs were selected because of their capacity to bind to the C-terminal fragment. Irrespective of the original configuration of the antigen used for immunization, seven of the antibodies were shown to be reactive with a set of overlapping epitopes, closely positioned within the ‘switch region’, as confirmed by the use of synthetic peptides covering the entire C-terminal fragment. The specificities of the seven individual antibodies, as determined by ELISA and BIAcore technologies, revealed a pronounced conformational pleomorphism in the ‘switch region’. The results indicate that the ‘switch region’ may be involved in the exposure of the receptor recognition site and can be used as an indicator region for different conformational states of α2-macroglobulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2000
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172. Predictors of Patient-Reported Fatigue Symptom Severity in a Nationwide Multiple Sclerosis Cohort
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Englund, Simon, Kierkegaard, Marie, Burman, Joachim, Fink, Katharina, Fogdell-Hahn, Anna, Gunnarsson, Martin, Hillert, Jan, Langer-Gould, Annette, Lycke, Jan, Nilsson, Petra, Salzer, Jonatan, Svenningsson, Anders, Mellergård, Johan, Olsson, Tomas, Longinetti, Elisa, Frisell, Thomas, and Piehl, Fredrik
- Abstract
•We addressed self-reported fatigue and its association with a number of covariates.•Higher disability stood out as the best predictor of fatigue among MS-characteristics.•A clinically meaningful association with cognitive processing speed was evident.•Associations to most other disease characteristics were small.•Self-reported fatigue was highly correlated with low quality of life rating.
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- 2022
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173. Comparison of plasma and CSF Neurofilament light as outcome in a multiple sclerosis trial
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de Flon, Pierre, Laurell, Katarina, Sundström, Peter, Blennow, Kaj, Söderström, Lars, Zetterberg, Henrik, Gunnarsson, Martin, Svenningsson, Anders, de Flon, Pierre, Laurell, Katarina, Sundström, Peter, Blennow, Kaj, Söderström, Lars, Zetterberg, Henrik, Gunnarsson, Martin, and Svenningsson, Anders
- Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the axonal component neurofilament light protein (NFL) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an outcome measure in a clinical trial on disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Method: Seventy-five patients with clinically stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participating in the clinical trial “Switch-To RItuXimab in MS” (STRIX-MS) were switched to rituximab from first-line injectable therapy and then followed for two years. Thirty patients from the extension trial (STRIX-MS extension), accepting repeated lumbar punctures, were followed for an additional three years. Plasma and CSF samples were collected yearly during the follow-up. NFL concentration in plasma was measured by an in-house NF-light assay on the Simoa platform with a Homebrew kit. NFL concentration in CSF was measured by sandwich ELISA. Results: The mean levels of NFL, in both CSF and plasma, were low. The reduction of CSF-NFL with 25% during the first year of follow-up (from a mean of 471 (SD 393) to 354 (SD 174) pg/mL; p=0.006) was statistically significant. The corresponding reduction in plasma-NFL was 18% (from 9.73 (SD 7.04) to 7.94 (SD 3.10) pg/mL; p=0.055) and did not reach the level of statistical significance. Conclusion: This study indicates that NFL in plasma is less sensitive as an endpoint in group comparisons than NFL in CSF. Given that plasma NFL is far easier to access, it is a promising and awaited method but further studies are needed to optimise the use in clinical trials.
174. GREENING THE SUPPLY CHAIN.
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Gunnarsson, Martin
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ENTERPRISE resource planning ,MANAGEMENT information systems ,COST effectiveness ,RESOURCE allocation ,LEGAL compliance ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
The article discusses the role of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software towards green supply chains by helping companies to monitor environmental impact of their business. It cites the many benefits of ERP systems which include cost-effectiveness and ensuring that all transactional data are used for compliance. Moreover, the environment management tool allows manufacturers to measure how much energy is consumed, how the product is used, and the substances emitted when energy is used.
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- 2011
175. Seroreactivity against lytic, latent and possible cross-reactive EBV antigens appears on average 10 years before MS induced preclinical neuroaxonal damage.
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Jons D, Grut V, Bergström T, Zetterberg H, Biström M, Gunnarsson M, Vrethem M, Brenner N, Butt J, Blennow K, Nilsson S, Kockum I, Olsson T, Waterboer T, Sundström P, and Andersen O
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- Humans, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Case-Control Studies, Antigens, Viral, Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens metabolism, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Multiple Sclerosis
- Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and presymptomatic axonal injury appear to develop only after an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This association remains to be confirmed across a broad preclinical time range, for lytic and latent EBV seroreactivity, and for potential cross-reacting antigens., Methods: We performed a case-control study with 669 individual serum samples obtained before clinical MS onset, identified through cross-linkage with the Swedish MS register. We assayed antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), viral capsid antigen p18, glycoprotein 350 (gp350), the potential cross-reacting protein anoctamin 2 (ANO2) and the level of sNfL, a marker of axonal injury., Results: EBNA1 (latency) seroreactivity increased in the pre-MS group, at 15-20 years before clinical MS onset, followed by gp350 (lytic) seroreactivity (p=0.001-0.009), ANO2 seropositivity appeared shortly after EBNA1-seropositivity in 16.7% of pre-MS cases and 10.0% of controls (p=0.001).With an average lag of almost a decade after EBV, sNfL gradually increased, mainly in the increasing subgroup of seropositive pre-MS cases (p=8.10
-5 compared with non-MS controls). Seropositive pre-MS cases reached higher sNfL levels than seronegative pre-MS (p=0.038). In the EBNA1-seropositive pre-MS group, ANO2 seropositive cases had 26% higher sNfL level (p=0.0026)., Conclusions: Seroreactivity against latent and lytic EBV antigens, and in a subset ANO2, was detectable on average a decade before the appearance of a gradually increasing axonal injury occurring in the last decade before the onset of clinical MS. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of latent EBV involvement in the pathogenesis of MS., Competing Interests: Competing interests: HZ has served on scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for AbbVie, Alector, ALZPath, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, NervGen, Novo Nordisk, Pinteon Therapeutics, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Passage Bio, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave; has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, AlzeCure, Biogen and Roche; and is a cofounder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. TO has received advisory board/lecture honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, and Sanofi. The same companies have provided unrestricted MS research grants. MB has received a speaker fee from Biogen. PS will serve as an unpaid consultant for Moderna. KB has served as a consultant, on advisory boards, or on data monitoring committees for Abcam, Axon, BioArctic, Biogen, JOMDD/Shimadzu, Julius Clinical, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Pharmatrophix, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers, and also is a cofounder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS)., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)- Published
- 2024
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176. Trajectories of cognitive processing speed and physical disability over 11 years following initiation of a first multiple sclerosis disease-modulating therapy.
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Longinetti E, Englund S, Burman J, Fink K, Fogdell-Hahn A, Gunnarsson M, Hillert J, Langer-Gould AM, Lycke J, Nilsson P, Salzer J, Svenningsson A, Mellergård J, Olsson T, Piehl F, and Frisell T
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- Humans, Processing Speed, Cognition, Rituximab, Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting complications, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: We analysed the COMparison Between All immunoTherapies for Multiple Sclerosis (NCT03193866), a Swedish nationwide observational study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), to identify trajectories of processing speed and physical disability after disease-modulating therapy (DMT) start., Methods: Using a group-modelling approach, we assessed trajectories of processing speed with oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and physical disability with Expanded Disability Status Scale, from first DMT start among 1645 patients with RRMS followed during 2011-2022. We investigated predictors of trajectories using group membership as a multinomial outcome and calculated conditional probabilities linking membership across the trajectories., Results: We identified 5 stable trajectories of processing speed: low SDMT scores (mean starting values=29.9; 5.4% of population), low/medium (44.3; 25.3%), medium (52.6; 37.9%), medium/high (63.1; 25.8%) and high (72.4; 5.6%). We identified 3 physical disability trajectories: no disability/stable (0.8; 26.8%), minimal disability/stable (1.6; 58.1%) and moderate disability (3.2; 15.1%), which increased to severe disability. Older patients starting interferons were more likely than younger patients starting rituximab to be on low processing speed trajectories. Older patients starting teriflunomide, with more than one comorbidity, and a history of pain treatment were more likely to belong to the moderate/severe physical disability trajectory, relative to the no disability one. There was a strong association between processing speed and physical disability trajectories., Conclusions: In this cohort of actively treated RRMS, patients' processing speed remained stable over the years following DMT start, whereas patients with moderate physical disability deteriorated in physical function. Nevertheless, there was a strong link between processing speed and disability after DMT start., Competing Interests: Competing interests: AF-H has received unrestricted funding from Biogen Idec, Pfizer, Orion Pharma and Celltrion, speaking honoraria from Merck and consulting fee from Roche and AstraZeneca. KF has received honoraria for serving on advisory boards for Biogen and Merck KGaA, and speaker’s fees from Biogen, Novartis and Merck KGaA. JH has received honoraria for serving on advisory boards for Biogen, Celgene, Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck KGaA, Novartis and Sandoz, and speaker’s fees from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, KGaA, Teva and Sanofi-Genzyme, and he has served as PI for projects, or received unrestricted research support from, Biogen, Celgene, Merck KGaA, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme. AML-G receives grant support and awards from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute and the National MS Society; she currently serves as a voting member on the California Technology Assessment Forum, a core program of the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER); she has received sponsored and reimbursed travel from ICER and the National Institutes of Health. PN has received travel support from Bayer Schering Pharma, Merck Serono, Biogen and Genzyme a Sanofi Company, honoraria for lectures and advisory boards from Merck Serono and Genzyme a Sanofi Company, advisory boards for Novartis and Roche, lectures for Biogen and has received unrestricted grants from Biogen. JL has received travel support and/or lecture honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Alexion, BMS, Celgene, Janssen and Sanofi Genzyme; has served on scientific advisory boards for Almirall, Teva, Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and BMS; serves on the editorial board of the Acta Neurologica Scandinavica; and has received unconditional research grants from Biogen and Novartis, and financial support from Sanofi for an investigator-initiated study. JS has received consultancy fees paid to the institution by Mabion S.A. FP has received research grants from Janssen, Merck KGaA and UCB, and fees for serving as Chair of DMC in clinical trials with Chugai, Lundbeck and Roche, and preparation of witness statement for Novartis. TO has received compensation for advisory boards/lectures and unrestricted MS research grants from Biogen, Merck, Novartis and Sanofi., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2024
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177. Free vitamin D 3 index and vitamin D-binding protein in multiple sclerosis: A presymptomatic case-control study.
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Grut V, Biström M, Salzer J, Stridh P, Lindam A, Alonso-Magdalena L, Andersen O, Jons D, Gunnarsson M, Vrethem M, Hultdin J, and Sundström P
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- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cholecalciferol, Humans, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Multiple Sclerosis, Vitamin D-Binding Protein metabolism
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: High levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
3 (25[OH]D3 ) are associated with a lower risk for multiple sclerosis (MS). The bioavailability of 25(OH)D3 is regulated by its main plasma carrier, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Free 25(OH)D3 can be estimated by also measuring DBP concentration. In addition, DBP has immunomodulatory functions that may independently affect MS pathogenesis. No previous studies have assessed free 25(OH)D3 or DBP in presymptomatically collected samples. This study was undertaken to assess free 25(OH)D3 and DBP as risk factors for MS., Methods: A nested case-control study was performed with presymptomatic serum samples identified through cross-linkage of MS registries and Swedish biobanks. Concentration of 25(OH)D3 was measured with liquid chromatography and DBP levels with sandwich immunoassay. Free 25(OH)D3 was approximated as free vitamin D3 index: (25[OH]D3 /DBP) × 103 . MS risk was analyzed by conditional logistic regression, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: Serum samples from 660 pairs of matched cases and controls were included. At <20 years of age, high levels of free vitamin D3 index were associated with a lower risk of MS (highest vs. lowest quintile: OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.15-0.91, p for trend across quintiles = 0.04). At age 30-39 years, high levels of DBP were associated with a lower MS risk (highest vs. lowest quintile: OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15-0.85, p for trend = 0.02)., Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis that high levels of free 25(OH)D3 at a young age reduce the risk of MS later in life. They also implicate a role for DBP in MS etiology., (© 2022 The Authors. European Journal of Neurology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Neurology.)- Published
- 2022
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178. Leptin levels are associated with multiple sclerosis risk.
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Biström M, Hultdin J, Andersen O, Alonso-Magdalena L, Jons D, Gunnarsson M, Vrethem M, and Sundström P
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- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Leptin, Logistic Models, Male, Risk Factors, Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
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Background: Obesity early in life has been linked to increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). Leptin and insulin are both associated with obesity, making them suitable candidates for investigating this connection., Objective: To determine if leptin and insulin are risk factors for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)., Methods: In this nested case-control study using blood samples from Swedish biobanks, we compared concentrations of leptin and insulin in 649 individuals who later developed RRMS with 649 controls matched for biobank, sex, age and date of sampling. Only pre-symptomatically drawn samples from individuals below the age of 40 years were included. Conditional logistic regression was performed on z -scored values to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: A 1-unit leptin z -score increase was associated with increased risk of MS in individuals younger than 20 years (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9) and in all men (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.0). In contrast, for women aged 30-39 years, there was a lower risk of MS with increased leptin levels (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.54-1.0) when adjusting for insulin levels., Conclusion: We show that the pro-inflammatory adipokine leptin is a risk factor for MS among young individuals.
- Published
- 2021
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179. Comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate as the initial and secondary treatment for MS.
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Granqvist M, Burman J, Gunnarsson M, Lycke J, Nilsson P, Olsson T, Sundström P, Svenningsson A, Vrethem M, Frisell T, and Piehl F
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- Fingolimod Hydrochloride, Glatiramer Acetate therapeutic use, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Dimethyl Fumarate adverse effects, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Population-based real-world evidence studies of the effectiveness and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate in relation to common treatment alternatives are still limited., Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as the initial and secondary treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared with common treatment alternatives in Sweden., Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective observational cohort study of all RRMS patients identified through the Swedish MS registry initiating DMF ( n = 641) or interferons/glatiramer acetate (IFN/GA; n = 555) as the initial therapy, or DMF ( n = 703) or fingolimod (FGL; n = 194) after switch from IFN/GA between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016., Results: The discontinuation rate was lower with DMF as the initial treatment than IFN/GA (adjusted hazard rate (HR): 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.58, p < 0.001), but higher than FGL as the secondary treatment (HR: 1.51, CI: 1.08-2.09, p < 0.05). Annualized relapse rate (ARR) was lower with DMF compared to IFN/GA (0.04, CI: 0.03-0.06 vs 0.10, CI: 0.07-0.13; p < 0.05), but not FGL (0.03, CI: 0.02-0.05 vs 0.02, CI: 0.01-0.04; p = 0.41). Finally, time to first relapse (TTFR) was longer with DMF as the initial, but not secondary, therapy ( p < 0.05 and p = 0.20, respectively)., Conclusion: Our findings indicate that DMF performs better than IFN/GA as the initial treatment for RRMS. Compared to FGL, DMF displayed a lower tolerability, but largely similar effectiveness outcomes.
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- 2020
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180. CoDuSe group exercise programme improves balance and reduces falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A multi-centre, randomized, controlled pilot study.
- Author
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Carling A, Forsberg A, Gunnarsson M, and Nilsagård Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Postural Balance, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Accidental Falls prevention & control, Exercise Therapy methods, Multiple Sclerosis rehabilitation
- Abstract
Background: Imbalance leading to falls is common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS)., Objective: To evaluate the effects of a balance group exercise programme (CoDuSe) on balance and walking in PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale, 4.0-7.5)., Methods: A multi-centre, randomized, controlled single-blinded pilot study with random allocation to early or late start of exercise, with the latter group serving as control group for the physical function measures. In total, 14 supervised 60-minute exercise sessions were delivered over 7 weeks. Pretest-posttest analyses were conducted for self-reported near falls and falls in the group starting late. Primary outcome was Berg Balance Scale (BBS). A total of 51 participants were initially enrolled; three were lost to follow-up., Results: Post-intervention, the exercise group showed statistically significant improvement ( p = 0.015) in BBS and borderline significant improvement in MS Walking Scale ( p = 0.051), both with large effect sizes (3.66; -2.89). No other significant differences were found between groups. In the group starting late, numbers of falls and near falls were statistically significantly reduced after exercise compared to before ( p < 0.001; p < 0.004)., Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that the CoDuSe exercise improved balance and reduced perceived walking limitations, compared to no exercise. The intervention reduced falls and near falls frequency.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. Improved treatment satisfaction after switching therapy to rituximab in relapsing-remitting MS.
- Author
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de Flon P, Laurell K, Söderström L, Gunnarsson M, and Svenningsson A
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Immunologic Factors administration & dosage, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Rituximab administration & dosage, Drug Substitution, Immunologic Factors pharmacology, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting drug therapy, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Patient Satisfaction, Rituximab pharmacology
- Abstract
Objective: New disease-modifying treatment strategies in multiple sclerosis offer possibilities for individualised treatment. In this study, we evaluated patient-reported outcome measures before and after a switch in therapy from first-line injectable treatments to rituximab., Method: A total of 75 patients with clinically stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) receiving ongoing first-line injectable treatment at three Swedish centres had their treatment switched to rituximab in this open-label phase II multicentre study. Assessment of treatment satisfaction, patient-perceived impact of the disease on daily life, fatigue, cognitive symptoms and disease progression was performed 3 months before and at the time of the treatment shift and then for a subsequent 2-year period., Results: The overall treatment satisfaction rating improved significantly from a mean of 4.8 (scale range: 1-7), while on injectable therapies, to a mean of 6.3 after 1 year of rituximab treatment ( p < 0.001). This improvement was sustained after 2 years. There was no significant change in scores for patient-perceived impact of disease, fatigue or disease progression., Conclusion: A shift in therapy from first-line injectables to rituximab in a cohort of clinically stable RRMS patients was followed by improved treatment satisfaction. This is clinically relevant as it may influence long-term adherence to immunomodulating therapy.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Deep breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure in patients with multiple sclerosis - a randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Westerdahl E, Wittrin A, Kånåhols M, Gunnarsson M, and Nilsagård Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Exhalation, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis physiopathology, Self Report, Spirometry, Treatment Outcome, Breathing Exercises instrumentation, Breathing Exercises methods, Multiple Sclerosis therapy, Respiratory Muscles physiopathology
- Abstract
Introduction: Breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure are often recommended to patients with advanced neurological deficits, but the potential benefit in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with mild and moderate symptoms has not yet been investigated in randomized controlled trials., Objectives: To study the effects of 2 months of home-based breathing exercises for patients with mild to moderate MS on respiratory muscle strength, lung function, and subjective breathing and health status outcomes., Methods: Forty-eight patients with MS according to the revised McDonald criteria were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Patients performing breathing exercises (n = 23) were compared with a control group (n = 25) performing no breathing exercises. The breathing exercises were performed with a positive expiratory pressure device (10-15 cmH
2 O) and consisted of 30 slow deep breaths performed twice a day for 2 months. Respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure at the mouth), spirometry, oxygenation, thoracic excursion, subjective perceptions of breathing and self-reported health status were evaluated before and after the intervention period., Results: Following the intervention, there was a significant difference between the breathing group and the control group regarding the relative change in lung function, favoring the breathing group (vital capacity: P < 0.043; forced vital capacity: P < 0.025). There were no other significant differences between the groups., Conclusion: Breathing exercises may be beneficial in patients with mild to moderate stages of MS. However, the clinical significance needs to be clarified, and it remains to be seen whether a sustainable effect in delaying the development of respiratory dysfunction in MS can be obtained., (© 2015 The Authors. The Clinical Respiratory Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Walking Distance as a Predictor of Falls in People With Multiple Sclerosis.
- Author
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Nilsagård Y, Westerdahl E, Wittrin A, and Gunnarsson M
- Subjects
- Accidental Falls prevention & control, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, Postural Balance physiology, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Registries, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Sweden, Accidental Falls statistics & numerical data, Multiple Sclerosis rehabilitation, Walking physiology
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience falls, usually when walking and transferring. The aim was to investigate if walking distance and patient overestimate of walking distance are predictors of falls in PwMS., Methods: A prospective study was conducted, with a single test occasion followed by prospective registration of falls for 3 months. All PwMS in Region Örebro County with a previously registered Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 3.0 and 7.0 in the Swedish MS Registry were invited to participate (n = 149). Altogether, data from 49 PwMS being relapse free for at least 3 months and with a confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale between 1.5 and 7.0 upon study entry were analysed., Results: Twenty-two PwMS (45%) fell during the study period, providing information of 66 falls. Walking distance or overestimate of one's walking distance, as compared with test results, did not predict falls in this MS sample., Discussion: Walking and standing activities are associated with numerous falls in PwMS. Our data do not clearly support routine measurements of walking distance in assessing individual fall risk. © 2015 The Authors. Physiotherapy Research International published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., (© 2015 The Authors. Physiotherapy Research International published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Immunosuppressive therapy reduces axonal damage in progressive multiple sclerosis.
- Author
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Axelsson M, Malmeström C, Gunnarsson M, Zetterberg H, Sundström P, Lycke J, and Svenningsson A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived therapeutic use, Axons pathology, Chemokine CXCL13 cerebrospinal fluid, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein cerebrospinal fluid, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mitoxantrone therapeutic use, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive cerebrospinal fluid, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive pathology, Neurofilament Proteins cerebrospinal fluid, Rituximab, Young Adult, Biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: In progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), disease-modifying therapies have not been shown to reduce disability progression., Objective: The impact from immunosuppressive therapy in PMS was explored by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of axonal damage (neurofilament light protein, NFL), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), and B-cell regulation (CXCL13)., Methods: CSF was obtained from 35 patients with PMS before and after 12-24 months of mitoxantrone (n=30) or rituximab (n=5) treatment, and from 14 age-matched healthy control subjects. The levels of NFL, GFAP, and CXCL13 were determined by immunoassays., Results: The mean NFL level decreased by 51% (1781 ng/l, SD 2018 vs. 874 ng/l, SD 694, p=0.007), the mean CXCL13 reduction was 55% (9.71 pg/ml, SD 16.08, vs. 4.37 pg/ml, SD 1.94, p=0.008), while GFAP levels remained unaffected. Subgroup analysis showed that the NFL reduction was confined to previously untreated patients (n=20) and patients with Gd-enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (n=12) prior to study baseline., Conclusions: Our data imply that 12-24 months of immunosuppressive therapy reduces axonal damage in PMS, particularly in patients with ongoing disease activity. Determination of NFL levels in CSF is a potential surrogate marker for treatment efficacy and as endpoint in phase II trials of MS.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. [The Swedish Neurological Association: The number of neurologists need to double over the next decade].
- Author
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Remahl IN, Fredrikson S, Gunnarsson M, Hietala A, Stridh L, Jood K, Burman J, Johansson R, Jensen SM, Petersson J, Zarrinkobb L, and Smits A
- Subjects
- Clinical Competence, Humans, Internship and Residency, Neurology education, Resource Allocation, Sweden, Neurology economics
- Published
- 2012
186. [Representantives of the Swedish Neurological Association: Swedish neurology needs strong resource reinforcement].
- Author
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Smits A, Andersen PM, Andersson M, Andsberg G, Fredrikson S, Gunnarsson M, Hultgren M, Landtblom AM, Lycke J, Jensen SM, Naver H, Remahl IN, and Walentin F
- Subjects
- Clinical Competence, Humans, Internship and Residency, Resource Allocation, Sweden, Neurology economics
- Published
- 2008
187. [Changing neurology--from diagnostic to therapeutic discipline].
- Author
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Smits A, Andsberg G, Andersen PM, Andersson M, Fredrikson S, Gunnarsson M, Kumlien E, Lycke J, Jensen SM, Remahl IN, and Nyholm D
- Subjects
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis diagnosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis therapy, Clinical Competence, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy therapy, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, Multiple Sclerosis therapy, Neurology organization & administration, Neurology standards, Parkinson Disease diagnosis, Parkinson Disease therapy, Stroke diagnosis, Stroke therapy, Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Nervous System Diseases therapy, Neurology trends
- Published
- 2008
188. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with lipopolysaccharide induces expression of the plasma protein alpha2-macroglobulin.
- Author
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Gunnarsson M, Frängsmyr L, Stigbrand T, and Jensen PE
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Protein Structure, Tertiary, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides metabolism, alpha-Macroglobulins biosynthesis
- Abstract
The human alpha(2)-macroglobulin gene is approximately 48 kb in size and consists of 36 exons, which encode the 180 kDa subunit of this large tetrameric protein. In this investigation, a procedure of sequencing human alpha(2)-macroglobulin mRNA, using mRNA from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as template in RT-PCR, was developed. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations with lipopolysaccharide induced alpha(2)-macroglobulin mRNA expression reaching levels detectable by RT-PCR. Extracted human alpha(2)-macroglobulin mRNA was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of a 500 bp DNA segment encoding the most C-terminal, receptor-binding part of the protein, using alpha(2)-macroglobulin specific primers. The sequence obtained matched the earlier published sequence of human alpha(2)-macroglobulin, except for three point mutations, i.e., cytosine for guanine, cytosine for thymidine and thymidine for adenine substitutions at positions 4369, 4423, and 4511, respectively. None of these alterations, however, affect the amino acid sequence of the protein. In conclusion, we demonstrate a new, improved, approach to sequence human alpha(2)-macroglobulin mRNA by overexpressing the protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This procedure may be useful in the search for mutations in alpha(2)-macroglobulin, examining its role in the pathogenesis of human diseases., (Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science (USA))
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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