328 results on '"Guilbert-Lepoutre, A."'
Search Results
152. Long-term activity and outburst of comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) from narrow-band photometry and long-slit spectroscopy
- Author
-
Opitom, C., primary, Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., additional, Jehin, E., additional, Manfroid, J., additional, Hutsemékers, D., additional, Gillon, M., additional, Magain, P., additional, Roberts-Borsani, G., additional, and Witasse, O., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Distant activity of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014: Ground-based results during the Rosetta pre-landing phase
- Author
-
Snodgrass, Colin, primary, Jehin, Emmanuel, additional, Manfroid, Jean, additional, Opitom, Cyrielle, additional, Fitzsimmons, Alan, additional, Tozzi, Gian Paolo, additional, Faggi, Sara, additional, Yang, Bin, additional, Knight, Matthew M., additional, Conn, Blair C., additional, Lister, Tim, additional, Hainaut, Olivier, additional, Bramich, D. M., additional, Lowry, Stephen C., additional, Rozek, Agata, additional, Tubiana, Cecilia, additional, and Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. Serpentinization and the Formation of H-2 and CH4 on Celestial Bodies (Planets, Moons, Comets)
- Author
-
Holm, Nils G., Oze, C., Mousis, O., Waite, J. H., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Holm, Nils G., Oze, C., Mousis, O., Waite, J. H., and Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.
- Abstract
Serpentinization involves the hydrolysis and transformation of primary ferromagnesian minerals such as olivine ((Mg,Fe)(2)SiO4) and pyroxenes ((Mg,Fe)SiO3) to produce H-2-rich fluids and a variety of secondary minerals over a wide range of environmental conditions. The continual and elevated production of H-2 is capable of reducing carbon, thus initiating an inorganic pathway to produce organic compounds. The production of H-2 and H-2-dependent CH4 in serpentinization systems has received significant interdisciplinary interest, especially with regard to the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds and the origins and maintenance of life in Earth's lithosphere and elsewhere in the Universe. Here, serpentinization with an emphasis on the formation of H-2 and CH4 are reviewed within the context of the mineralogy, temperature/pressure, and fluid/gas chemistry present in planetary environments. Whether deep in Earth's interior or in Kuiper Belt Objects in space, serpentinization is a feasible process to invoke as a means of producing astrobiologically indispensable H-2 capable of reducing carbon to organic compounds.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
155. PITS FORMATION FROM VOLATILE OUTGASSING ON 67P/CHURYUMOV–GERASIMENKO
- Author
-
Mousis, O., primary, Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., additional, Brugger, B., additional, Jorda, L., additional, Kargel, J. S., additional, Bouquet, A., additional, Auger, A.-T., additional, Lamy, P., additional, Vernazza, P., additional, Thomas, N., additional, and Sierks, H., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
156. Long-term activity and outburst of comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) from narrow-band photometry and long-slit spectroscopy
- Author
-
Damien Hutsemekers, Emmanuel Jehin, Olivier Witasse, Aurelie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Jean Manfroid, Cyrielle Opitom, G. Roberts-Borsani, Michaël Gillon, Pierre Magain, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
- Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Mantle (geology) ,Spectral line ,Photometry (optics) ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Gas composition ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Long-slit spectroscopy ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Ejection velocity ,Narrow band ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,TRAPPIST ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
In this paper, we present a unique data set of more than one year's worth of regular observations of comet C/2013 A1(Siding Spring) with TRAPPIST in Chile, along with low-resolution spectra obtained with the ESO/VLT FORS 2 instrument. The comet made a close approach to Mars on October 19, 2014 and was then observed by many space and ground-based telescopes. We followed the evolution of the OH, NH, CN, $\mathrm{C_3}$, and $\mathrm{C_2}$ production rates as well as the $Af\rho$ parameter as a proxy for the dust production. We detected an outburst two weeks after perihelion, with gas and dust production rates being multiplied by a factor five within a few days. By modelling the shape of the CN and $\mathrm{C_2}$ radial profiles, we determined that the outburst happened around on November 10 around 15:30 UT ($\pm$ 5h) and measured a gas ejection velocity of $1.1\pm0.2$ km/s. We used a thermal evolution model to reproduce the activity pattern and outburst. Our results are consistent with the progressive formation of a dust mantle explaining the shallow dependence of gas production rates, which may be partially blown off during the outburst. We studied the evolution of gas composition, using various ratios such as CN/OH, $\mathrm{C_2}$/OH, or $\mathrm{C_3}$/OH, which showed little or no variation with heliocentric distance including at the time of the outburst. This indicates a relative level of homogeneity of the nucleus composition., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Published
- 2016
157. Distant activity of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014: Ground-based results during the Rosetta pre-landing phase
- Author
-
Matthew M. Knight, Cyrielle Opitom, Emmanuel Jehin, Sara Faggi, Tim Lister, Gian Paolo Tozzi, Olivier Hainaut, Blair C. Conn, Bin Yang, Jean Manfroid, Alan Fitzsimmons, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Agata Rozek, D. M. Bramich, Cecilia Tubiana, Colin Snodgrass, Stephen C. Lowry, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
- Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Physics ,Brightness ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Comet ,Phase (waves) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,comets ,individual ,67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Context (language use) ,Coma (optics) ,01 natural sciences ,Photometry (optics) ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Orbit (dynamics) ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Spectroscopy ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
As the ESA Rosetta mission approached, orbited, and sent a lander to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014, a large campaign of ground-based observations also followed the comet. We constrain the total activity level of the comet by photometry and spectroscopy to place Rosetta results in context and to understand the large-scale structure of the comet's coma pre-perihelion. We performed observations using a number of telescopes, but concentrate on results from the 8m VLT and Gemini South telescopes in Chile. We use R-band imaging to measure the dust coma contribution to the comet's brightness and UV-visible spectroscopy to search for gas emissions, primarily using VLT/FORS. In addition we imaged the comet in near-infrared wavelengths (JHK) in late 2014 with Gemini-S/Flamingos 2. We find that the comet was already active in early 2014 at heliocentric distances beyond 4 au. The evolution of the total activity (measured by dust) followed previous predictions. No gas emissions were detected despite sensitive searches. The comet maintains a similar level of activity from orbit to orbit, and is in that sense predictable, meaning that Rosetta results correspond to typical behaviour for this comet. The gas production (for CN at least) is highly asymmetric with respect to perihelion, as our upper limits are below the measured production rates for similar distances post-perihelion in previous orbits., 12 pages, accepted in A&A
- Published
- 2016
158. The bimodal colors of Centaurs and small Kuiper belt objects
- Author
-
R. Gafeira, Nuno Peixinho, Pedro Lacerda, Audrey Delsanti, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatorio de Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Observatoire de Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Queens University Belfast, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Physics ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Solar System ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Collisional family ,FOS: Physical sciences ,general [Kuiper belt] ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Centaur ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Related phenomenon ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Ever since the very first photometric studies of Centaurs and Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) their visible color distribution has been controversial. That controversy gave rise to a prolific debate on the origin of the surface colors of these distant icy objects of the Solar System. Two different views attempt to interpret and explain the large variability of colors, hence surface composition. Are the colors mainly primordial and directly related to the formation region, or are they the result of surface evolution processes? To date, no mechanism has been found that successfully explains why Centaurs, which are escapees from the Kuiper Belt, exhibit two distinct color groups, whereas KBOs do not. In this letter, we readdress this issue using a carefully compiled set of B-R colors and H({\alpha}) magnitudes (as proxy for size) for 253 objects, including data for 10 new small objects. We find that the bimodal behavior seen among Centaurs is a size related phenomenon, common to both Centaurs and small KBOs, i.e. independent of dynamical classification. Further, we find that large KBOs also exhibit a bimodal behavior of surface colors, albeit distinct from the small objects and strongly dependent on the `Haumea collisional family' objects. When plotted in B-R, H({\alpha}) space, the colors of Centaurs and KBOs display a peculiar N shape., Comment: To appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 12 pages (including 6 pages of appendix), 2 figures, 3 tables
- Published
- 2012
159. The Sources of HCN and CH3OH and the Rotational Temperature in Comet 103P/Hartley 2 from Time-Resolved Millimeter Spectroscopy
- Author
-
Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Michal Drahus, Wacław Waniak, David Jewitt, and Albrecht Sievers
- Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Physics ,Brightness ,Comet ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Rotational temperature ,Astrophysics ,Spectral line ,general [comets] ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Space and Planetary Science ,general [radio lines] ,medicine ,individual (103P) [comets] ,Emission spectrum ,Spectroscopy ,Nucleus ,Line (formation) ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
One of the least understood properties of comets is the compositional structure of their nuclei, which can either be homogeneous or heterogeneous. The nucleus structure can be conveniently studied at millimeter wavelengths, using velocity-resolved spectral time series of the emission lines, obtained simultaneously for multiple molecules as the body rotates. Using this technique, we investigated the sources of CH3OH and HCN in comet 103P/Hartley 2, the target of NASA's EPOXI mission, which had an exceptionally favorable apparition in late 2010. Our monitoring with the IRAM 30 m telescope shows short-term variability of the spectral lines caused by nucleus rotation. The varying production rates generate changes in brightness by a factor of 4 for HCN and by a factor of 2 for CH3OH, and they are remarkably well correlated in time. With the addition of the velocity information from the line profiles, we identify the main sources of outgassing: two jets, oppositely directed in a radial sense, and icy grains, injected into the coma primarily through one of the jets. The mixing ratio of CH3OH and HCN is dramatically different in the two jets, which evidently shows large-scale chemical heterogeneity of the nucleus. We propose a network of identities linking the two jets with morphological features reported elsewhere, and postulate that the chemical heterogeneity may result from thermal evolution. The model-dependent average production rates are 3.5x10**26 molec/s for CH3OH and 1.25x10**25 molec/s for HCN, and their ratio of 28 is rather high but not abnormal. The rotational temperature from CH3OH varied strongly, presumably due to nucleus rotation, with the average value being 47 K., Published in ApJ 756, 80 (2012). Supplementary materials available at http://www.its.caltech.edu/~mdrahus/103p_paperII.html
- Published
- 2012
160. The dual origin of the nitrogen deficiency in comets: selective volatile trapping in the nebula and postaccretion radiogenic heating
- Author
-
Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, J. Hunter Waite, Jean-Marc Petit, Anita L. Cochran, Philippe Rousselot, Olivier Mousis, Jonathan I. Lunine, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Center for Radiophysics and Space Research [Ithaca] (CRSR), Cornell University [New York], McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Le Collège d'études mondiales/FMSH, and Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme (FMSH)
- Subjects
Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,Clathrate hydrate ,[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Trapping ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclide ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Nebula ,Radiogenic nuclide ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Pluto ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Internal heating ,Stoichiometry ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We propose a scenario that explains the apparent nitrogen deficiency in comets in a way consistent with the fact that the surfaces of Pluto and Triton are dominated by nitrogen-rich ice. We use a statistical thermodynamic model to investigate the composition of the successive multiple guest clathrates that may have formed during the cooling of the primordial nebula from the most abundant volatiles present in the gas phase. These clathrates agglomerated with the other ices (pure condensates or stoichiometric hydrates) and formed the building blocks of comets. We report that molecular nitrogen is a poor clathrate former, when we consider a plausible gas phase composition of the primordial nebula. This implies that its trapping into cometesimals requires a low disk temperature ($\sim$20 K) in order to allow the formation of its pure condensate. We find that it is possible to explain the lack of molecular nitrogen in comets as a consequence of their postformation internal heating engendered by the decay of short-lived radiogenic nuclides. This scenario is found consistent with the presence of nitrogen-rich ice covers on Pluto and Triton. Our model predicts that comets should present xenon-to-water and krypton-to-water ratios close to solar xenon-to-oxygen and krypton-to-oxygen ratios, respectively. In contrast, the argon-to-water ratio is predicted to be depleted by a factor of $\sim$300 in comets compared to solar argon-to-oxygen, as a consequence of poor trapping efficiency and radiogenic heating., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
161. PITS FORMATION FROM VOLATILE OUTGASSING ON 67P/CHURYUMOV–GERASIMENKO
- Author
-
Pierre Vernazza, Nicolas Thomas, J. S. Kargel, A.-T. Auger, Philippe Lamy, Alexis Bouquet, Laurent Jorda, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Olivier Mousis, B. Brugger, Holger Sierks, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
- Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Physics ,Solar System ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Clathrate hydrate ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Mineralogy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Mantle (geology) ,law.invention ,Outgassing ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Amorphous ice ,Sublimation (phase transition) ,Crystallization ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Porosity ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We investigate the thermal evolution of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's subsurface in the Seth_01 region, where active pits have been observed by the ESA/Rosetta mission. Our simulations show that clathrate destabilization and amorphous ice crystallization can occur at depths corresponding to those of the observed pits in a timescale shorter than 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's lifetime in the comet's activity zone in the inner solar system. Sublimation of crystalline ice down to such depths is possible only in the absence of a dust mantle, which requires the presence of dust grains in the matrix small enough to be dragged out by gas from the pores. Our results are consistent with both pits formation via sinkholes or subsequent to outbursts, the dominant process depending on the status of the subsurface porosity. A sealed dust mantle would favor episodic and disruptive outgassing as a result of an increasing gas pressure in the pores, while a high porosity should allow the formation of large voids in the subsurface due to the continuous escape of volatiles. We finally conclude that the subsurface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is not uniform at a spatial scale of 100-200~m., Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
- Published
- 2015
162. Limits to Ice on Asteroids (24) Themis and (65) Cybele
- Author
-
Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre and David Jewitt
- Subjects
Physics ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Resonance fluorescence ,Space and Planetary Science ,Asteroid ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Sublimation (phase transition) ,Water ice ,Astrophysics ,Emission spectrum ,Optical spectra ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We present optical spectra of (24) Themis and (65) Cybele, two large main-belt asteroids on which exposed water ice has recently been reported. No emission lines, expected from resonance fluorescence in gas sublimated from the ice, were detected. Derived limits to the production rates of water are < 400 kg/s (5��), for each object, assuming a cometary H2O/CN ratio. We rule out models in which a large fraction of the surface is occupied by high albedo ("fresh") water ice because the measured albedos of Themis and Cybele are low (0.05 - 0.07). We also rule out models in which a large fraction of the surface is occupied by low albedo ("dirty") water ice because dirty ice would be warm, and would sublimate strongly enough for gaseous products to have been detected. If ice exists on these bodies it must be relatively clean (albedo >0.3) and confined to a fraction of the Earth-facing surface 0.6) then the timescale for sublimation of an optically thick layer can rival the 10^3 yr interval between impacts with bodies this size. In this sense, exposure by impact may be a quasi steady-state feature of ice-containing asteroids at 3 AU.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
163. Serpentinization and the Formation of H2and CH4on Celestial Bodies (Planets, Moons, Comets)
- Author
-
Holm, N.G., primary, Oze, C., additional, Mousis, O., additional, Waite, J.H., additional, and Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
164. NEUTRAL Na IN COMETARY TAILS AS A REMNANT OF EARLY AQUEOUS ALTERATION
- Author
-
Ellinger, Y., primary, Pauzat, F., additional, Mousis, O., additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., additional, Leblanc, F., additional, Ali-Dib, M., additional, Doronin, M., additional, Zicler, E., additional, and Doressoundiram, A., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
165. A spectroscopic analysis of Jupiter-coupled object (52872) Okyrhoe, and TNOs (90482) Orcus and (73480) 2002 PN34
- Author
-
Frederic Merlin, M. A. Barucci, Audrey Delsanti, Sonia Fornasier, C. de Bergh, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Francesca E. DeMeo, A. Alvarez-Candal, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maryland, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, European Southern Observatory, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
- Subjects
Physics ,Jupiter ,Very Large Telescope ,Solar System ,Wavelength ,Space and Planetary Science ,Observatory ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Spectral line - Abstract
International audience; Aims: We present new visible and near-infrared photometric measurements and near-infrared spectroscopic measurements for three outer solar system small bodies, the Jupiter-coupled object (52872) Okyrhoe and the TNOs (90482) Orcus and (73480) 2002 PN34. Methods: We analyzed their surface compositions by modeling their spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges. We then compared this new data with previous measurements of Okyrhoe and Orcus to search for heterogeneity on their surfaces. All observations were performed at the European Southern Observatory 8 m Very Large Telescope, UT1 and UT4 at the Paranal Observatory in Chile. Results: We find varying amounts of H2O ice among these bodies, Okyrhoe shows no trace of it in our spectrum, 73480 has small amounts, and Orcus has large quantities. While we do clearly see for Orcus that a significant fraction of the H2O ice is in crystalline form from the 1.65-mum feature, we cannot detect the 2.21-mum feature supposedly due to ammonia hydrate, because of the low signal-to-noise of the data. We also do not see any indication of ices more volatile than H2O, such as CH4 or CO2, in the spectrum, so we limit their presence to no more than about 5% based on the data presented here and on high-quality data from Barucci et al. (2008, A&A, 479, L13).
- Published
- 2010
166. Pre-perihelion activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- Author
-
Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Schulz, R., Rożek, A., Lowry, S.C., Tozzi, G.P., Stüwe, J.A., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Schulz, R., Rożek, A., Lowry, S.C., Tozzi, G.P., and Stüwe, J.A.
- Abstract
Context. Comets are believed to hold a relatively pristine record of the physical and chemical processes that occurred during the formation and evolution of the solar system. Thorough investigations of these small bodies, such as the one that will be performed by the ESA/Rosetta cornerstone mission, are thus supposed to bring strong and unique constraints on the origins of the solar system. Aims. Because comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was only recently selected as the target for the ESA/Rosetta mission, there has been little opportunity to study its pre-perihelion activity. This phase is, however, very important for the mission, since the global mapping of the nucleus and the choice of landing site for Philae will be performed during this pre-perihelion phase. Here, we report previously unpublished data of the last pre-perihelion passage of this comet, observed between May and September 2008. Methods. The gas and dust activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko are studied through visible spectroscopy and broadband imaging, respectively, covering a range of pre-perihelion heliocentric distances between 2.99 and 2.22 AU. Results. The data we have gathered on the dust activity are consistent with trends observed by other authors and show a strong asymmetry between the pre- and post-perihelion phases of the orbit. The spectra do not show any lines due to the emission of volatiles, and upper limits on their production rates are typically one order of magnitude lower than at the equivalent post-perihelion heliocentric distances. The asymmetry in the pre- and post-perihelion phases of the activity may be due to a dusty crust quenching the activity at the surface of 67P. We estimate that this crust could be about 12 cm thick, although not uniform across the surface. Even if no gas is individually detected, the coma surface brightness profiles might indicate a possible contamination from gaseous species emitted before the comet actually reaches perihelion. © 2014 ESO.
- Published
- 2014
167. THE ALBEDO-COLOR DIVERSITY OF TRANSNEPTUNIAN OBJECTS
- Author
-
Lacerda, Pedro, primary, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Kiss, Csaba, additional, Vilenius, Esa, additional, Santos-Sanz, Pablo, additional, Rengel, Miriam, additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Stansberry, John, additional, Duffard, René, additional, Delsanti, Audrey, additional, and Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
168. Pre-perihelion activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- Author
-
Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., primary, Schulz, R., additional, Rożek, A., additional, Lowry, S. C., additional, Tozzi, G. P., additional, and Stüwe, J. A., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
169. Survival of water ice in Jupiter Trojans
- Author
-
Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, primary
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
170. Pre-perihelion activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- Author
-
Agata Rozek, Stephen C. Lowry, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Rita Schulz, G. P. Tozzi, and J. A. Stüwe
- Subjects
Physics ,Solar System ,Space and Planetary Science ,Comet tail ,Interstellar comet ,Comet nucleus ,Comet dust ,Comet ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Context (language use) ,Astrophysics ,Surface brightness - Abstract
Context. Comets are believed to hold a relatively pristine record of the physical and chemical processes that occurred during the formation and evolution of the solar system. Thorough investigations of these small bodies, such as the one that will be performed by the ESA/Rosetta cornerstone mission, are thus supposed to bring strong and unique constraints on the origins of the solar system. Aims. Because comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was only recently selected as the target for the ESA/Rosetta mission, there has been little opportunity to study its pre-perihelion activity. This phase is, however, very important for the mission, since the global mapping of the nucleus and the choice of landing site for Philae will be performed during this pre-perihelion phase. Here, we report previously unpublished data of the last pre-perihelion passage of this comet, observed between May and September 2008. Methods. The gas and dust activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko are studied through visible spectroscopy and broadband imaging, respectively, covering a range of pre-perihelion heliocentric distances between 2.99 and 2.22 AU. Results. The data we have gathered on the dust activity are consistent with trends observed by other authors and show a strong asymmetry between the pre- and post-perihelion phases of the orbit. The spectra do not show any lines due to the emission of volatiles, and upper limits on their production rates are typically one order of magnitude lower than at the equivalent post-perihelion heliocentric distances. The asymmetry in the pre- and post-perihelion phases of the activity may be due to a dusty crust quenching the activity at the surface of 67P. We estimate that this crust could be about 12 cm thick, although not uniform across the surface. Even if no gas is individually detected, the coma surface brightness profiles might indicate a possible contamination from gaseous species emitted before the comet actually reaches perihelion. © 2014 ESO.
- Published
- 2014
171. The bimodal colors of Centaurs and small Kuiper belt objects
- Author
-
Peixinho, N., primary, Delsanti, A., additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., additional, Gafeira, R., additional, and Lacerda, P., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
172. THE DUAL ORIGIN OF THE NITROGEN DEFICIENCY IN COMETS: SELECTIVE VOLATILE TRAPPING IN THE NEBULA AND POSTACCRETION RADIOGENIC HEATING
- Author
-
Mousis, Olivier, primary, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional, Lunine, Jonathan I., additional, Cochran, Anita L., additional, Waite, J. Hunter, additional, Petit, Jean-Marc, additional, and Rousselot, Philippe, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
173. SURVIVAL OF AMORPHOUS WATER ICE ON CENTAURS
- Author
-
Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, primary
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
174. THE SOURCES OF HCN AND CH3OH AND THE ROTATIONAL TEMPERATURE IN COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 FROM TIME-RESOLVED MILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY
- Author
-
Drahus, Michał, primary, Jewitt, David, additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional, Waniak, Wacław, additional, and Sievers, Albrecht, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
175. LIMITS TO ICE ON ASTEROIDS (24) THEMIS AND (65) CYBELE
- Author
-
Jewitt, David, primary and Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
176. THERMAL SHADOWS AND COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE IN COMET NUCLEI
- Author
-
Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, primary and Jewitt, David, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
177. ROTATION STATE OF COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 FROM RADIO SPECTROSCOPY AT 1 mm
- Author
-
Drahus, Michał, primary, Jewitt, David, additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, additional, Waniak, Wacław, additional, Hoge, James, additional, Lis, Dariusz C., additional, Yoshida, Hiroshige, additional, Peng, Ruisheng, additional, and Sievers, Albrecht, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
178. New 3D thermal evolution model for icy bodies application to trans-Neptunian objects
- Author
-
Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., primary, Lasue, J., additional, Federico, C., additional, Coradini, A., additional, Orosei, R., additional, and Rosenberg, E. D., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. A THERMAL EVOLUTION MODEL OF CENTAUR 10199 CHARIKLO
- Author
-
Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., primary
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. SURVIVAL OF AMORPHOUS WATER ICE ON CENTAURS
- Author
-
Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre
- Subjects
Physics ,Phase transition ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Centaur ,law.invention ,Amorphous solid ,Astrobiology ,Jupiter ,Outgassing ,Space and Planetary Science ,law ,Neptune ,Amorphous ice ,Crystallization - Abstract
Centaurs are believed to be Kuiper Belt objects in transition between Jupiter and Neptune before possibly becoming Jupiter family comets. Some indirect observational evidence is consistent with the presence of amorphous water ice in Centaurs. Some of them also display a cometary activity, probably triggered by the crystallization of the amorphous water ice, as suggested by Jewitt and this work. Indeed, we investigate the survival of amorphous water ice against crystallization, using a fully three-dimensional thermal evolution model. Simulations are performed for varying heliocentric distances and obliquities. They suggest that crystallization can be triggered as far as 16 AU, though amorphous ice can survive beyond 10 AU. The phase transition is an efficient source of outgassing up to 10-12 AU, which is broadly consistent with the observations of the active Centaurs. The most extreme case is 167P/CINEOS, which barely crystallizes in our simulations. However, amorphous ice can be preserved inside Centaurs in many heliocentric distance-obliquity combinations, below a ~5-10 m crystallized crust. We also find that outgassing due to crystallization cannot be sustained for a time longer than 104-104 years, leading to the hypothesis that active Centaurs might have recently suffered from orbital changes. This could be supported by both observations (although limited) and dynamical studies.
- Published
- 2012
181. A spectroscopic analysis of Jupiter-coupled object (52872) Okyrhoe, and TNOs (90482) Orcus and (73480) 2002 PN34
- Author
-
DeMeo, F. E., primary, Barucci, M. A., additional, Merlin, F., additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., additional, Alvarez-Candal, A., additional, Delsanti, A., additional, Fornasier, S., additional, and de Bergh, C., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Methane, ammonia, and their irradiation products at the surface of an intermediate-size KBO?
- Author
-
Delsanti, A., primary, Merlin, F., additional, Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., additional, Bauer, J., additional, Yang, B., additional, and Meech, K. J., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. ROTATION STATE OF COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 FROM RADIO SPECTROSCOPY AT 1 mm
- Author
-
Ruisheng Peng, Dariusz C. Lis, Michal Drahus, Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre, James Hoge, David Jewitt, Hiroshige Yoshida, Albrecht Sievers, Wacław Waniak, Henry, Florence, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Joint Astronomy Centre (JAC), California Institute of Technology, Department of Astronomy (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des milieux interstellaires et plasmas stellaires, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, and Instituto Radioastronomía Milimétrica
- Subjects
Rotation period ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Comet ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Rotation ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,general [comets] ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Emission spectrum ,individual (103P/Hartley 2) [comets] ,Spectroscopy ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,general [radio lines] ,Millimeter ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Nucleus ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The nuclei of active comets emit molecules anisotropically from discrete vents. As the nucleus rotates, we expect to observe periodic variability in the molecular emission line profiles, which can be studied through mm/submm spectroscopy. Using this technique we investigated the HCN atmosphere of comet 103P/Hartley 2, the target of NASA's EPOXI mission, which had an exceptionally favorable apparition in late 2010. We detected short-term evolution of the spectral line profile, which was stimulated by the nucleus rotation, and which provides evidence for rapid deceleration and excitation of the rotation state. The measured rate of change in the rotation period is +1.00 \pm 0.15 min per day and the period itself is 18.32 \pm 0.03 hr, both applicable at the epoch of the EPOXI encounter. Surprisingly, the spin-down efficiency is lower by two orders of magnitude than the measurement in comet 9P/Tempel 1 and the best theoretical prediction. This secures rotational stability of the comet's nucleus during the next few returns, although we anticipate a catastrophic disruption from spin-up as its ultimate fate., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
- Published
- 2011
184. A THERMAL EVOLUTION MODEL OF CENTAUR 10199 CHARIKLO
- Author
-
Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre
- Subjects
Thermal equilibrium ,Physics ,Solar System ,Space and Planetary Science ,Thermal ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Coma (optics) ,Thermal conduction ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Event (particle physics) ,Amorphous solid ,Astrobiology - Abstract
Centaur 10199 Chariklo appears to have a varying spectral behavior. While three different spectral studies detect the presence of water ice at the surface, two more recent studies do not detect any absorption bands. In this article, we consider the possibility that Chariklo undergoes cometary activity that could be responsible for the observed spectral variations. We simulate its thermal evolution, finding that crystalline water ice should be present in the object core, and amorphous water ice should be found at the surface. Upon entering the inner solar system, Chariklo might experience some cometary activity due to ice crystallization if the obliquity is high, due to the adjustment of the internal structure to a new thermal equilibrium. No other activity is expected from this source, unless an external source like an impact provides the heat needed. In the case of such an event, we find that dust emitted in a coma is unlikely to be responsible for the observed spectral variations. In contrast, water ice grains in the coma would reproduce this pattern, meaning that the water ice detected after Chariklo's discovery was present in these grains and not on the object surface. Nonetheless, any activity would require an external additional heat source to be triggered, through an outburst, which might favor the spatial variations hypothesis.
- Published
- 2011
185. Serpentinization and the Formation of H2 and CH4 on Celestial Bodies (Planets, Moons, Comets).
- Author
-
Holm, N.G., Oze, C., Mousis, O., Waite, J.H., and Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. JWST/NIRSpec Prospects on Transneptunian Objects
- Author
-
Bryan J. Holler, Robin Métayer, Frederic Merlin, N. Cabral, Pierre Ferruit, C. Quantin-Nataf, Aurelie Guilbert-Lepoutre, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
- Subjects
Solar System ,lcsh:Astronomy ,[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,Astrophysics ,Stellar classification ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,lcsh:QB1-991 ,telescope: JWST ,0103 physical sciences ,method: observational ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Spectroscopy ,kuiper belt: general ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Physics ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Wavelength range ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,minor planets and asteroids: general ,13. Climate action ,Nir spectra ,Water ice ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,technique: spectroscopic - Abstract
International audience; The transneptunian region has proven to be a valuable probe to test models of the formation and evolution of the solar system. To further advance our current knowledge of these early stages requires an increased knowledge of the physical properties of Transneptunian Objects (TNOs). Colors and albedos have been the best way so far to classify and study the surface properties of a large number TNOs. However, they only provide a limited fraction of the compositional information, required for understanding the physical and chemical processes to which these objects have been exposed since their formation. This can be better achieved by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, since water ice, hydrocarbons, and nitrile compounds display diagnostic absorption bands in this wavelength range. Visible and NIR spectra taken from ground-based facilities have been observed for ∼80 objects so far, covering the full range of spectral types: from neutral to extremely red with respect to the Sun, featureless to volatile-bearing and volatile-dominated (Barkume et al., 2008; Guilbert et al., 2009; Barucci et al., 2011; Brown, 2012). The largest TNOs are bright and thus allow for detailed and reliable spectroscopy: they exhibit complex surface compositions, including water ice, methane, ammonia, and nitrogen. Smaller objects are more difficult to observe even from the largest telescopes in the world. In order to further constrain the inventory of volatiles and organics in the solar system, and understand the physical and chemical evolution of these bodies, high-quality NIR spectra of a larger sample of TNOs need to be observed. JWST/NIRSpec is expected to provide a substantial improvement in this regard, by increasing both the quality of observed spectra and the number of observed objects. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of TNO properties and provide diagnostics for using NIRSpec to constrain TNO surface compositions.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. Sample return of primitive matter from the outer Solar System
- Author
-
Vernazza, P., Beck, P., Ruesch, O., Bischoff, A., Bonal, L., Brennecka, G., Brunetto, R., Busemann, H., Carter, J., Carli, C., Cartier, C., Ciarniello, M., Debaille, V., Delsanti, A., D���Hendecourt, L., F��ri, E., Groussin, O., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Helbert, J., Hoppe, P., Jehin, E., Jorda, L., King, A., Kleine, T., Lamy, P., Lasue, J., Le Guillou, C., Leroux, H., Leya, I., Magna, T., Marrocchi, Y., Morlok, A., Mousis, O., Palomba, E., Piani, L., Quirico, E., Remusat, L., Roskosz, M., Rubin, M., Russell, S., Sch��nb��chler, M., Thomas, N., Villeneuve, J., Vinogradoff, V., Wurz, P., and Zanda, B.
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,520 Astronomy ,620 Engineering - Abstract
The last thirty years of cosmochemistry and planetary science have shown that one major Solar System reservoir is vastly undersampled in the available suite of extra-terrestrial materials, namely small bodies that formed in the outer Solar System (>10 AU). Because various dynamical evolutionary processes have modified their initial orbits (e.g., giant planet migration, resonances), these objects can be found today across the entire Solar System as P/D near-Earth and main-belt asteroids, Jupiter and Neptune Trojans, comets, Centaurs, and small (diameter���
188. Evolution of the subsurface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Abydos Site
- Author
-
Boissier, S., Buat, V., Cambrésy, L., Martins, F., Petit, P., Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Simeon Barber, Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Simon Sheridan, Vernazza, P., and Ian Wright
189. Pits formation from volatile outgassing on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- Author
-
Bouquet, A., Mousis, O., Brugger, B., Sierks, H., Auger, A. T., Thomas, Nicolas, Kargel, J. S., Jorda, L., Lamy, P., Vernazza, P., and Guilbert-Lepoutre, A.
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,530 Physics - Abstract
We investigate the thermal evolution of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's subsurface in the Seth_01 region, where active pits have been observed by the ESA/Rosetta mission. Our simulations show that clathrate destabilization and amorphous ice crystallization can occur at depths corresponding to those of the observed pits in a timescale shorter than 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's lifetime in the comet's activity zone in the inner solar system. Sublimation of crystalline ice down to such depths is possible only in the absence of a dust mantle, which requires the presence of dust grains in the matrix small enough to be dragged out by gas from the pores. Our results are consistent with both pits formation via sinkholes or subsequent to outbursts, the dominant process depending on the status of the subsurface porosity. A sealed dust mantle would favor episodic and disruptive outgassing as a result of increasing gas pressure in the pores, while high porosity should allow the formation of large voids in the subsurface due to the continuous escape of volatiles. We finally conclude that the subsurface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is not uniform at a spatial scale of similar to 100-200 m.
190. Large heterogeneities in comet 67P as revealed by active pits from sinkhole collapse
- Author
-
Barucci, M. Antonella, Kramm, Rainer, Lopez Moreno, Jose J., Knollenberg, Joerg, Ip, Wing-Huen, Gaskell, Robert, Marzari, Francesco, Rodrigo, Rafael, Magrin, Sara, Hviid, Stubbe F., Capanna, Claire, Maquet, Lucie, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Ferri, Francesca, Barbieri, Cesare, Elmaarry, Mohamed Ramy, Da Deppo, Vania, Agarwal, Jessica, Rickman, Hans, Koschny, Detlef, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie, Moissl, Richard, Fornasier, Sonia, Marchi, Simone, Lee, Vicky, Keller, Horst Uwe, Scholten, Frank, Bertini, Ivano, Fulle, Marco, Lowry, Stephen, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Preusker, Frank, Jorda, Laurent, Lazzarin, Monica, De Cecco, Mariolino, Bodewits, Dennis, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Davidsson, Bjoern, Kueppers, Michael, Auger, Anne-Therese, Debei, Stefano, Cremonese, Gabriele, Oklay, Nilda, Kuehrt, Ekkehard, Giacomini, Lorenza, Michalik, Harald, Groussin, Olivier, Kovacs, Gabor, Gutierrez-Marques, P., Naletto, Giampiero, Sierks, Holger, Lara, Luisa M., Besse, Sebastien, Massironi, Matteo, Tubiana, Cecilia, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Mottola, Stefano, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, A'Hearn, Michael F., Toth, Imre, Pajola, Maurizio, Guettler, Carsten, Hoefner, Sebastian, Thomas, Nicolas, Hoekzema, Nick, Lamy, Philippe, and Leyrat, Cedric
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,530 Physics ,500 Science - Abstract
Pits have been observed on many cometary nuclei mapped by spacecraft(1-4). It has been argued that cometary pits are a signature of endogenic activity, rather than impact craters such as those on planetary and asteroid surfaces. Impact experiments(5,6) andmodels(7,8) cannot reproduce the shapes of most of the observed cometary pits, and the predicted collision rates imply that few of the pits are related to impacts(8,9). Alternative mechanisms like explosive activity(10) have been suggested, but the driving process remains unknown. Here we report that pits on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko are active, and probably created by a sinkhole process, possibly accompanied by outbursts. We argue that after formation, pits expand slowly in diameter, owing to sublimation-driven retreat of the walls. Therefore, pits characterize how eroded the surface is: a fresh cometary surface will have a ragged structure with many pits, while an evolved surface will look smoother. The size and spatial distribution of pits imply that large heterogeneities exist in the physical, structural or compositional properties of the first few hundred metres below the current nucleus surface.
191. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS). I. (Bannister+, 2016)
- Author
-
Bannister, M. T., Kavelaars, J. J., Petit, J. -M, Gladman, B. J., Gwyn, S. D. J., Chen, Y. -T, Volk, K., Alexandersen, M., Benecchi, S. D., Delsanti, A., Fraser, W. C., Granvik, M., Grundy, W. M., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Hestroffer, D., Ip, W. -H, Marian Jakubik, Jones, R. L., Kaib, N., Kavelaars, C. F., Lacerda, P., Lawler, S., Lehner, M. J., Lin, H. W., Lister, T., Lykawka, P. S., Monty, S., Marsset, M., Murray-Clay, R., Noll, K. S., Parker, A., Pike, R. E., Rousselot, P., Rusk, D., Schwamb, M. E., Shankman, C., Sicardy, B., Vernazza, P., and Wang, S. -Y
192. CASTAway: An asteroid main belt tour and survey
- Author
-
Bowles, N.E., Snodgrass, C., Gibbings, A., Sanchez, J.P., Arnold, J.A., Eccleston, P., Andert, T., Probst, A., Naletto, G., Vandaele, A.C., de Leon, J., Nathues, A., Thomas, I.R., Thomas, N., Jorda, L., Da Deppo, V., Haack, H., Green, S.F., Carry, B., Donaldson Hanna, K.L., Leif Jorgensen, J., Kereszturi, A., DeMeo, F.E., Patel, M.R., Davies, J.K., Clarke, F., Kinch, K., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Agarwal, J., Rivkin, A.S., Pravec, P., Fornasier, S., Granvik, M., Jones, R.H., Murdoch, N., Joy, K.H., Pascale, E., Tecza, M., Barnes, J.M., Licandro, J., Greenhagen, B.T., Calcutt, S.B., Marriner, C.M., Warren, T., Tosh, I., Bowles, N.E., Snodgrass, C., Gibbings, A., Sanchez, J.P., Arnold, J.A., Eccleston, P., Andert, T., Probst, A., Naletto, G., Vandaele, A.C., de Leon, J., Nathues, A., Thomas, I.R., Thomas, N., Jorda, L., Da Deppo, V., Haack, H., Green, S.F., Carry, B., Donaldson Hanna, K.L., Leif Jorgensen, J., Kereszturi, A., DeMeo, F.E., Patel, M.R., Davies, J.K., Clarke, F., Kinch, K., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Agarwal, J., Rivkin, A.S., Pravec, P., Fornasier, S., Granvik, M., Jones, R.H., Murdoch, N., Joy, K.H., Pascale, E., Tecza, M., Barnes, J.M., Licandro, J., Greenhagen, B.T., Calcutt, S.B., Marriner, C.M., Warren, T., and Tosh, I.
- Abstract
CASTAway is a mission concept to explore our Solar System’s main asteroid belt. Asteroids and comets provide a window into the formation and evolution of our Solar System and the composition of these objects can be inferred from space-based remote sensing using spectroscopic techniques. Variations in composition across the asteroid populations provide a tracer for the dynamical evolution of the Solar System. The mission combines a long-range (point source) telescopic survey of over 10,000 objects, targeted close encounters with 10–20 asteroids and serendipitous searches to constrain the distribution of smaller (e.g. 10 m) size objects into a single concept. With a carefully targeted trajectory that loops through the asteroid belt, CASTAway would provide a comprehensive survey of the main belt at multiple scales. The scientific payload comprises a 50 cm diameter telescope that includes an integrated low-resolution (R = 30–100) spectrometer and visible context imager, a thermal (e.g. 6–16 µm) imager for use during the flybys, and modified star tracker cameras to detect small (∼10 m) asteroids. The CASTAway spacecraft and payload have high levels of technology readiness and are designed to fit within the programmatic and cost caps for a European Space Agency medium class mission, while delivering a significant increase in knowledge of our Solar System.
193. The Main Belt Comets and ice in the Solar System
- Author
-
Snodgrass, Colin, Agarwal, Jessica, Combi, Michael, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie, Hsieh, Henry H., Hui, Man-To, Jehin, Emmanuel, Kelley, Michael S. P., Knight, Matthew M., Opitom, Cyrielle, Orosei, Roberto, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Yang, Bin, Snodgrass, Colin, Agarwal, Jessica, Combi, Michael, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie, Hsieh, Henry H., Hui, Man-To, Jehin, Emmanuel, Kelley, Michael S. P., Knight, Matthew M., Opitom, Cyrielle, Orosei, Roberto, de Val-Borro, Miguel, and Yang, Bin
- Abstract
We review the evidence for buried ice in the asteroid belt; specifically the questions around the so-called Main Belt Comets (MBCs). We summarise the evidence for water throughout the Solar System, and describe the various methods for detecting it, including remote sensing from ultraviolet to radio wavelengths. We review progress in the first decade of study of MBCs, including observations, modelling of ice survival, and discussion on their origins. We then look at which methods will likely be most effective for further progress, including the key challenge of direct detection of (escaping) water in these bodies.
194. Characterization of the Subsurface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's Abydos Site
- Author
-
Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., Wright, I. P., Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., and Wright, I. P.
- Abstract
We investigate the structure of the subsurface of the Abydos site using a cometary nucleus model with parameters adapted to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and the Abydos landing site. We aim to compare the production rates derived from our model with those of the main molecules measured by Ptolemy. This will allow us to retrieve the depths at which the different molecules still exist in solid form.
195. Evolution of the subsurface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Abydos Site
- Author
-
Boissier, S., Buat, V., Cambrésy, L., Martins, F., Petit, P., Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., Wright, I. P., Boissier, S., Buat, V., Cambrésy, L., Martins, F., Petit, P., Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., and Wright, I. P.
- Abstract
On November 12, 2014, Rosetta's descent module Philae landed on the Abydos site of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Here we investigate the structure of the subsurface of the Abydos site by making use of a cometary nucleus model [1] employing an updated set of thermodynamic parameters relevant for 67P and an appropriated parameterization of the illumination of the Abydos site. The model considers an initially homogeneous sphere composed of a predefined porous mixture of crystalline ices (H2O, CO and CO2) and dust in specified proportions, and uses parameters derived from recent 67P studies [2], [3] and [4]. The comparison of the production rates derived from our model with those of the main molecules measured by Ptolemy (the mass spectrometer performing the analysis of several samples collected from the surface and atmosphere of the comet) should allow us to place important constraints on the structure (layering and composition) of the subsurface of Philae’s landing site.
196. The 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko observation campaign in support of the Rosetta mission
- Author
-
Snodgrass, C., A'Hearn, M. F., Aceituno, F., Afanasiev, V., Bagnulo, S., Bauer, J., Bergond, G., Besse, S., Biver, N., Bodewits, D., Boehnhardt, H., Bonev, B. P., Borisov, G., Carry, B., Casanova, V., Cochran, A., Conn, B. C., Davidsson, B., Davies, J. K., de León, J., de Mooij, E., de Val-Borro, M., Delacruz, M., DiSanti, M. A., Drew, J. E., Duffard, R., Edberg, N. J. T., Faggi, S., Feaga, L., Fitzsimmons, A., Fujiwara, H., Gibb, E. L., Gillon, M., Green, S. F., Guijarro, A., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Gutiérrez, P. J., Hadamcik, E., Hainaut, O., Haque, S., Hedrosa, R., Hines, D., Hopp, U., Hoyo, F., Hutsemékers, D., Hyland, M., Ivanova, O., Jehin, E., Jones, G. H., Keane, J. V., Kelley, M. S. P., Kiselev, N., Kleyna, J., Kluge, M., Knight, M. M., Kokotanekova, R., Koschny, D., Kramer, E. A., López-Moreno, J. J., Lacerda, P., Lara, L. M., Lasue, J., Lehto, H. J., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Licandro, J., Lin, Z. Y., Lister, T., Lowry, S. C., Mainzer, A., Manfroid, J., Marchant, J., McKay, A. J., McNeill, A., Meech, K. J., Micheli, M., Mohammed, I., Monguió, M., Moreno, F., Muñoz, O., Mumma, M. J., Nikolov, P., Opitom, C., Ortiz, J. L., Paganini, L., Pajuelo, M., Pozuelos, F. J., Protopapa, S., Pursimo, T., Rajkumar, B., Ramanjooloo, Y., Ramos, E., Ries, C., Riffeser, A., Rosenbush, V., Rousselot, P., Ryan, E. L., Santos-Sanz, P., Schleicher, D. G., Schmidt, M., Schulz, R., Sen, A. K., Somero, A., Sota, A., Stinson, A., Sunshine, J. M., Thompson, A., Tozzi, G. P., Tubiana, C., Villanueva, G. L., Wang, X., Wooden, D. H., Yagi, M., Yang, B., Zaprudin, B., Zegmott, T. J., Snodgrass, C., A'Hearn, M. F., Aceituno, F., Afanasiev, V., Bagnulo, S., Bauer, J., Bergond, G., Besse, S., Biver, N., Bodewits, D., Boehnhardt, H., Bonev, B. P., Borisov, G., Carry, B., Casanova, V., Cochran, A., Conn, B. C., Davidsson, B., Davies, J. K., de León, J., de Mooij, E., de Val-Borro, M., Delacruz, M., DiSanti, M. A., Drew, J. E., Duffard, R., Edberg, N. J. T., Faggi, S., Feaga, L., Fitzsimmons, A., Fujiwara, H., Gibb, E. L., Gillon, M., Green, S. F., Guijarro, A., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Gutiérrez, P. J., Hadamcik, E., Hainaut, O., Haque, S., Hedrosa, R., Hines, D., Hopp, U., Hoyo, F., Hutsemékers, D., Hyland, M., Ivanova, O., Jehin, E., Jones, G. H., Keane, J. V., Kelley, M. S. P., Kiselev, N., Kleyna, J., Kluge, M., Knight, M. M., Kokotanekova, R., Koschny, D., Kramer, E. A., López-Moreno, J. J., Lacerda, P., Lara, L. M., Lasue, J., Lehto, H. J., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Licandro, J., Lin, Z. Y., Lister, T., Lowry, S. C., Mainzer, A., Manfroid, J., Marchant, J., McKay, A. J., McNeill, A., Meech, K. J., Micheli, M., Mohammed, I., Monguió, M., Moreno, F., Muñoz, O., Mumma, M. J., Nikolov, P., Opitom, C., Ortiz, J. L., Paganini, L., Pajuelo, M., Pozuelos, F. J., Protopapa, S., Pursimo, T., Rajkumar, B., Ramanjooloo, Y., Ramos, E., Ries, C., Riffeser, A., Rosenbush, V., Rousselot, P., Ryan, E. L., Santos-Sanz, P., Schleicher, D. G., Schmidt, M., Schulz, R., Sen, A. K., Somero, A., Sota, A., Stinson, A., Sunshine, J. M., Thompson, A., Tozzi, G. P., Tubiana, C., Villanueva, G. L., Wang, X., Wooden, D. H., Yagi, M., Yang, B., Zaprudin, B., and Zegmott, T. J.
- Abstract
We present a summary of the campaign of remote observations that supported the European Space Agency's Rosetta mission. Telescopes across the globe (and in space) followed comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko from before Rosetta's arrival until nearly the end of the mission in September 2016. These provided essential data for mission planning, large-scale context information for the coma and tails beyond the spacecraft and a way to directly compare 67P with other comets. The observations revealed 67P to be a relatively ‘well-behaved’ comet, typical of Jupiter family comets and with activity patterns that repeat from orbit to orbit. Comparison between this large collection of telescopic observations and the in situ results from Rosetta will allow us to better understand comet coma chemistry and structure. This work is just beginning as the mission ends—in this paper, we present a summary of the ground-based observations and early results, and point to many questions that will be addressed in future studies.
197. CASTAway: An asteroid main belt tour and survey
- Author
-
Bowles, N.E., Snodgrass, C., Gibbings, A., Sanchez, J.P., Arnold, J.A., Eccleston, P., Andert, T., Probst, A., Naletto, G., Vandaele, A.C., de Leon, J., Nathues, A., Thomas, I.R., Thomas, N., Jorda, L., Da Deppo, V., Haack, H., Green, S.F., Carry, B., Donaldson Hanna, K.L., Leif Jorgensen, J., Kereszturi, A., DeMeo, F.E., Patel, M.R., Davies, J.K., Clarke, F., Kinch, K., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Agarwal, J., Rivkin, A.S., Pravec, P., Fornasier, S., Granvik, M., Jones, R.H., Murdoch, N., Joy, K.H., Pascale, E., Tecza, M., Barnes, J.M., Licandro, J., Greenhagen, B.T., Calcutt, S.B., Marriner, C.M., Warren, T., Tosh, I., Bowles, N.E., Snodgrass, C., Gibbings, A., Sanchez, J.P., Arnold, J.A., Eccleston, P., Andert, T., Probst, A., Naletto, G., Vandaele, A.C., de Leon, J., Nathues, A., Thomas, I.R., Thomas, N., Jorda, L., Da Deppo, V., Haack, H., Green, S.F., Carry, B., Donaldson Hanna, K.L., Leif Jorgensen, J., Kereszturi, A., DeMeo, F.E., Patel, M.R., Davies, J.K., Clarke, F., Kinch, K., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Agarwal, J., Rivkin, A.S., Pravec, P., Fornasier, S., Granvik, M., Jones, R.H., Murdoch, N., Joy, K.H., Pascale, E., Tecza, M., Barnes, J.M., Licandro, J., Greenhagen, B.T., Calcutt, S.B., Marriner, C.M., Warren, T., and Tosh, I.
- Abstract
CASTAway is a mission concept to explore our Solar System’s main asteroid belt. Asteroids and comets provide a window into the formation and evolution of our Solar System and the composition of these objects can be inferred from space-based remote sensing using spectroscopic techniques. Variations in composition across the asteroid populations provide a tracer for the dynamical evolution of the Solar System. The mission combines a long-range (point source) telescopic survey of over 10,000 objects, targeted close encounters with 10–20 asteroids and serendipitous searches to constrain the distribution of smaller (e.g. 10 m) size objects into a single concept. With a carefully targeted trajectory that loops through the asteroid belt, CASTAway would provide a comprehensive survey of the main belt at multiple scales. The scientific payload comprises a 50 cm diameter telescope that includes an integrated low-resolution (R = 30–100) spectrometer and visible context imager, a thermal (e.g. 6–16 µm) imager for use during the flybys, and modified star tracker cameras to detect small (∼10 m) asteroids. The CASTAway spacecraft and payload have high levels of technology readiness and are designed to fit within the programmatic and cost caps for a European Space Agency medium class mission, while delivering a significant increase in knowledge of our Solar System.
198. The Main Belt Comets and ice in the Solar System
- Author
-
Snodgrass, Colin, Agarwal, Jessica, Combi, Michael, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie, Hsieh, Henry H., Hui, Man-To, Jehin, Emmanuel, Kelley, Michael S. P., Knight, Matthew M., Opitom, Cyrielle, Orosei, Roberto, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Yang, Bin, Snodgrass, Colin, Agarwal, Jessica, Combi, Michael, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie, Hsieh, Henry H., Hui, Man-To, Jehin, Emmanuel, Kelley, Michael S. P., Knight, Matthew M., Opitom, Cyrielle, Orosei, Roberto, de Val-Borro, Miguel, and Yang, Bin
- Abstract
We review the evidence for buried ice in the asteroid belt; specifically the questions around the so-called Main Belt Comets (MBCs). We summarise the evidence for water throughout the Solar System, and describe the various methods for detecting it, including remote sensing from ultraviolet to radio wavelengths. We review progress in the first decade of study of MBCs, including observations, modelling of ice survival, and discussion on their origins. We then look at which methods will likely be most effective for further progress, including the key challenge of direct detection of (escaping) water in these bodies.
199. Characterization of the Subsurface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's Abydos Site
- Author
-
Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., Wright, I. P., Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., and Wright, I. P.
- Abstract
We investigate the structure of the subsurface of the Abydos site using a cometary nucleus model with parameters adapted to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and the Abydos landing site. We aim to compare the production rates derived from our model with those of the main molecules measured by Ptolemy. This will allow us to retrieve the depths at which the different molecules still exist in solid form.
200. Evolution of the subsurface of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Abydos Site
- Author
-
Boissier, S., Buat, V., Cambrésy, L., Martins, F., Petit, P., Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., Wright, I. P., Boissier, S., Buat, V., Cambrésy, L., Martins, F., Petit, P., Brugger, B., Mousis, O., Morse, A., Marboeuf, U., Jorda, L., Andrews, D., Barber, S., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Lamy, P., Luspay-Kuti, A., Mandt, K., Morgan, G., Sheridan, S., Vernazza, P., and Wright, I. P.
- Abstract
On November 12, 2014, Rosetta's descent module Philae landed on the Abydos site of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Here we investigate the structure of the subsurface of the Abydos site by making use of a cometary nucleus model [1] employing an updated set of thermodynamic parameters relevant for 67P and an appropriated parameterization of the illumination of the Abydos site. The model considers an initially homogeneous sphere composed of a predefined porous mixture of crystalline ices (H2O, CO and CO2) and dust in specified proportions, and uses parameters derived from recent 67P studies [2], [3] and [4]. The comparison of the production rates derived from our model with those of the main molecules measured by Ptolemy (the mass spectrometer performing the analysis of several samples collected from the surface and atmosphere of the comet) should allow us to place important constraints on the structure (layering and composition) of the subsurface of Philae’s landing site.
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.