336 results on '"Guan-hua Du"'
Search Results
152. Vitamin B6
- Author
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Guan-Hua Du, You-Wen Zhang, and Li-Da Du
- Subjects
Vitamin b ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,Chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine - Published
- 2018
153. Vitamin A
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Xiang-Ying Kong, Li-Da Du, and Guan-Hua Du
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- 2018
154. Ephedrine
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Jin-Hua Wang, Xiu-Ying Yang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
155. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen)
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Guan-Hua Du and Li Zhang
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Clinical Practice ,Traditional medicine ,business.industry ,Medicine ,business ,Salvia miltiorrhiza ,Rhizome - Abstract
Danshen is the dry root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The study proved that Danshen extracts and their components have many pharmacological actions. The lipophylic and hydrosoluble compounds from Danshen have been developed into many preparations for clinical application. Danshen preparations are mainly used in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver diseases, renal failure, cancer, and so on. Danshen and its preparations are the important drugs commonly used in clinical practice.
- Published
- 2018
156. Vitamin C
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Li-Da Du, Xiang-Ying Kong, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
157. Diosmin
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Chao Li and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
158. Yohimbine
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Wei-Qi Fu, Wan Li, Jin-Hua Wang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
159. Curcumin
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Tian-yi Yuan and Guan-Hua Du
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0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy - Published
- 2018
160. Bergenin
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Lv-Jie Xu, Ai-Lin Liu, and Guan-Hua Du
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- 2018
161. Podophyllotoxin
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Xiao-Cong Pang, Li Zhang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
162. Tubocurarine
- Author
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Shou-Bao Wang, Xiu-Ying Yang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
163. Cyclandelate
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Yin-Zhong Ma, Gui-Fen Qiang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
164. Metformin
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Xiu-Ying Yang and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
165. Daphnetin
- Author
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Lan Sun, Rui Zhao, Xiu-Ying Yang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
166. Aristolochic Acid
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Rong Yan, Li Li, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
167. Salicylic Acid
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Yu-Cai Chen, Gui-Fen Qiang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
168. Chelidonine
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Jia-Lin Sun, Li-Da Du, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
169. Pilocarpine
- Author
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Yi-Huang Lin, Lian-Hua Fang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Published
- 2018
170. Natural Small Molecule Drugs From Plants
- Author
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Guan-Hua Du and Guan-Hua Du
- Subjects
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Medicinal chemistry
- Abstract
This book discusses 120 types of natural, small-molecule drugs derived from plants. They are grouped into 7 parts according their clinical uses, such as drugs for cardiovascular diseases, for metabolic diseases, for neuropsychiatric diseases, for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, anti-tumor drugs, and drugs for parasites and bacterial infection. Each chapter systematically summarizes one drug, including its physicochemical properties, sources, pharmacological effects and clinical applications. To help readers understand the drug better, the research and pharmacological activity for each drug is also described, which serves as a salutary lesson for future drug development. Written by frontline researchers, teachers and clinicians working in field of pharmacy and pharmacology it provides an overview of natural, small-molecule drugs derived from plants for researchers in the field.
- Published
- 2018
171. Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites for Direct X‐Ray Detectors
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Xiangshun Geng, Yu‐Ang Chen, Yuan‐Yuan Li, Jun Ren, Guan‐Hua Dun, Ken Qin, Zhu Lin, Jiali Peng, He Tian, Yi Yang, Dan Xie, and Tian‐Ling Ren
- Subjects
fabrication methods ,lead‐free perovskites ,radiation detection ,X‐ray detectors ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Lead halide perovskites have made remarkable progress in the field of radiation detection owing to the excellent and unique optoelectronic properties. However, the instability and the toxicity of lead‐based perovskites have greatly hindered its practical applications. Alternatively, lead‐free perovskites with high stability and environmental friendliness thus have fascinated significant research attention for direct X‐ray detection. In this review, the current research progress of X‐ray detectors based on lead‐free halide perovskites is focused. First, the synthesis methods of lead‐free perovskites including single crystals and films are discussed. In addition, the properties of these materials and the detectors, which can provide a better understanding and designing satisfactory devices are also presented. Finally, the challenge and outlook for developing high‐performance lead‐free perovskite X‐ray detectors are also provided.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
172. Salvianolic acid A attenuates ischemia reperfusion induced rat brain damage by protecting the blood brain barrier through MMP-9 inhibition and anti-inflammation
- Author
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Wen-xia Zhou, Wen Zhang, Xiao-Na Xu, Guan-Hua Du, Guo-Rong He, Yan Rong, Xue Zhang, Qimeng Zhou, and Junke Song
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Ischemia ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Inflammation ,Salvia miltiorrhiza ,Pharmacology ,Blood–brain barrier ,Occludin ,Brain Ischemia ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Caffeic Acids ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Hippocampus (mythology) ,Animals ,Humans ,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ,business.industry ,Transcription Factor RelA ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,stomatognathic diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Blood-Brain Barrier ,Reperfusion Injury ,Lactates ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Reperfusion injury ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a water-soluble component from the root of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases for centuries. The present study aimed to determine the brain protective effects of SAA against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, and to figure out whether SAA could protect the blood brain barrier (BBB) through matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) inhibition. A focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5-h followed by 24-h reperfusion. SAA was administered intravenously at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg-1. SAA significantly reduced the infarct volumes and neurological deficit scores. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that SAA treatments could also improve the morphology of neurons in hippocampus CA1 and CA3 regions and increase the number of neurons. Western blotting analyses showed that SAA downregulated the levels of MMP-9 and upregulated the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) to attenuate BBB injury. SAA treatment significantly prevented MMP-9-induced degradation of ZO-1, claudin-5 and occludin proteins. SAA also prevented cerebral NF-κB p65 activation and reduced inflammation response. Our results suggested that SAA could be a promising agent to attenuate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through MMP-9 inhibition and anti-inflammation activities.
- Published
- 2017
173. Network pharmacology-based analysis of Chinese herbal Naodesheng formula for application to Alzheimer's disease
- Author
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Ying Zhao, Lv-Jie Xu, Jiansong Fang, Wenwen Lian, Ai-Lin Liu, Guan-Hua Du, Xiaocong Pang, and De Kang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Biological Availability ,Computational biology ,Disease ,Synergistic mechanism ,Biomarkers, Pharmacological ,Permeability ,Naodesheng ,Machine Learning ,03 medical and health sciences ,Alzheimer Disease ,Network pharmacology ,Drug Discovery ,Medicine ,Humans ,Virtual screening ,Autoanalysis ,business.industry ,Single component ,General Medicine ,Peptide Fragments ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Drug Combinations ,030104 developmental biology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Barrier permeability ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Pharmacophore ,business ,Biomarkers ,Databases, Chemical ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Naodesheng (NDS) formula, which consists of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Lobed Kudzuvine, Carthamus tinctorius, Radix Notoginseng, and Crataegus pinnatifida, is widely applied for the treatment of cardio/cerebrovascular ischemic diseases, ischemic stroke, and sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage, etc. At present, the studies on NDS formula for Alzheimer's disease (AD) only focus on single component of this prescription, and there is no report about the synergistic mechanism of the constituents in NDS formula for the potential treatment of dementia. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict the potential targets and uncover the mechanisms of NDS formula for the treatment of AD. Firstly, we collected the constituents in NDS formula and key targets toward AD. Then, drug-likeness, oral bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier permeability were evaluated to find drug-like and lead-like constituents for treatment of central nervous system diseases. By combining the advantages of machine learning, molecular docking, and pharmacophore mapping, we attempted to predict the targets of constituents and find potential multi-target compounds from NDS formula. Finally, we built constituent-target network, constituent-target-target network and target-biological pathway network to study the network pharmacology of the constituents in NDS formula. To the best of our knowledge, this represented the first to study the mechanism of NDS formula for potential efficacy for AD treatment by means of the virtual screening and network pharmacology methods.
- Published
- 2017
174. [Effects of active components group of Xiaoxuming decoction on brain mitochondria in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats during early recovery period]
- Author
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Xiao, Du, Chang, Lu, Xiao-Li, He, and Guan-Hua, Du
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Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ,Reperfusion Injury ,Animals ,Brain ,Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Brain Ischemia ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal ,Mitochondria ,Rats - Abstract
To observe the effect of active components group of Xiaoxuming decoction (XXMD) on brain mitochondria in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats during early recovery period, and study its protective mechanism for nerves in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats during early recovery period. Cerebral ischemia model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats was established by suture method, and reperfusion was conducted 2 h later. The degree of cerebral ischemia in rats was evaluated by using Zea-Longa's standard grading method, and the model rats were randomly divided into model group, Xiaoxuming decoction active components low, medium and high dose groups and positive drug Ginaton group, with sham operated rats as control group. Gradient centrifugation was used to extract the mitochondria from rat brain after 5 days of drug administration. Then the mitochondrial respiratory function was measured by Clark oxygen electrode method; mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS) level were detected by fluorescence probe methods; and the activity of mitochondrial succinodehydrogenase (SDH) and the content of ATP in the ischemic region of MCAO rats were measured by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that as compared with the model group, XXMD could significantly improve mitochondrial respiratory activity, increase the activity of SDH, reduce the level of ROS, increase mitochondrial membrane potential and obviously promote the synthesis of ATP in brain tissues. The results indicated that XXMD active components group could alleviate the energy metabolism disorders, protect brain mitochondrial damage and improve mitochondrial function in MCAO rats, which may be the mechanism of its neuroprotection activity.
- Published
- 2017
175. Fluorescein Diacetate Microplate Assay in Cell Viability Detection
- Author
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Xi, Chen, Xiu-Ying, Yang, Lian-Hua, Fang, and Guan-Hua, DU
- Subjects
Staining and Labeling ,Cell Survival ,Humans ,Biological Assay ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Fluoresceins ,Fluorescence - Abstract
Objective To investigate the application of the fluorescein diacetate (FDA) microplate assay in cell viability detection. Methods Cells were seeded in a 96-well culture plate until detection. After incubated with FDA,the plate was detected by fluorescence microplate analyzer. The effects of FDA incubation duration,concentration,and other factors on the assay's accuracy and stability were assessed. We also compared the results of FDA with methyl thiazolyl(MTT) in terms of cell numbers and H
- Published
- 2017
176. WS0701
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Guan-Hua Du, Wei-Ku Zhang, Zong-Miao Sun, Yong-He Zhang, Ling-Hua Hao, Song Wu, Rui Liu, Zhong-lin Huang, Xue-Qiong Zhang, and Xiao-Yu Bai
- Subjects
Male ,Elevated plus maze ,Adenosine ,Time Factors ,medicine.drug_class ,Hypothalamus ,Adenosine A2A receptor ,Pharmacology ,Anxiolytic ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Hypnotic ,Mice ,Sedative/hypnotic ,medicine ,Animals ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Picrotoxin ,Maze Learning ,Sleep Stages ,Behavior, Animal ,business.industry ,Decanoates ,Triazoles ,Frontal Lobe ,Rats ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pyrimidines ,Phenobarbital ,Sedative ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
To characterize the sedative and hypnotic profile of the novel adenosine derivative ((3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(6-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl) methyl diaconate (WS0701), we performed a variety of behavioural tests and investigated the influence of WS0701 on various sleep stages. In mice, WS0701 significantly increased the number of entries and time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze test, indicating an anxiolytic effect. WS0701 decreased locomotor activity counts and head dips in the hole-board test and enhanced sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. However, WS0701 did not induce the loss of the righting reflex or amnesic effects in behavioural models. In rats, WS0701 exerted a sedative effect and markedly prolonged the time spent in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, especially slow-wave sleep, but reduced the time spent in rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS). Pretreatment with the selective adenosine A2a receptor antagonist SCH58261 attenuated the sedative and hypnotic effects of WS0701. WS0701 did not protect mice against picrotoxin-induced seizures, but inhibited adenosine deaminase activity and increased adenosine levels in the frontal cortex and hypothalamus of mice. In conclusion, WS0701 shows anxiolytic, sedative as well as sleep stage alterative effects, which may be related to the adenosine system.
- Published
- 2014
177. Rho kinase inhibition activity of pinocembrin in rat aortic rings contracted by angiotensin II
- Author
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Hai-Guang Yang, Tian-Yi Yuan, Guan-Hua Du, Li Li, and Yan Zhao
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pinocembrin ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Aortic rings ,General Medicine ,Angiotensin II ,Rho-associated protein kinase - Published
- 2014
178. Pinocembrin protects rats against cerebral ischemic damage through soluble epoxide hydrolase and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
- Author
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Xiaobin Pang, Guan-Hua Du, Shou-Bao Wang, Lianhua Fang, and Mei Gao
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Epoxide hydrolase 2 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pinocembrin ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,General Medicine - Published
- 2014
179. High-performance liquid chromatography in determining furfural in dextran 40 raw material and its sodium chloride injection
- Author
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Pei-jia Wu, Guan-hua Du, Wang Changhe, Li-xia Ding, Liu Haijing, Zhen Zhang, and Huan-ying Guo
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Sodium Chloride Injection ,Dextran 40 ,General Medicine ,Raw material ,Furfural ,High-performance liquid chromatography - Published
- 2014
180. Rho kinase inhibition activity of pinocembrin in rat aortic rings contracted by angiotensin II
- Author
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Guan-Hua Du, Li Li, Yan Zhao, Tian-Yi Yuan, and Hai-Guang Yang
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Angiotensin receptor ,In Vitro Techniques ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Aortic rings ,Rho-associated protein kinase ,Aorta ,Vascular contraction ,rho-Associated Kinases ,Pinocembrin ,Angiotensin II ,General Medicine ,Myocardial Contraction ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Vasoconstriction ,Flavanones ,Molecular mechanism ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
To investigate the effects of pinocembrin on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular contraction, and to explore its molecular mechanism of actions.The isometric vascular tone was measured in rat thoracic aortic rings with denuded endothelium. Phosphorylation level of myosin phosphatase target unit 1 (MYPT1), and protein levels of Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1, ROKβ or p160ROCK) and angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) were determined by Western blot analysis.Pinocembrin produced a relaxant effect on endothelium-denuded aortic rings contracted by Ang II (100 nmol·L(-1)) in a dose-dependent manner. In endothelium-denuded aortic rings stimulated by Ang II, pretreatment with pinocembrin (25 and 100 μmol·L(-1)) for 20 min significantly attenuated MYPT1 phosphorylation and ROCK1 protein levels. Meanwhile, the protein level of AT1R in response to Ang II was not affected by pinocembrin in rat aortic rings.These findings indicate that pinocembrin inhibits vasoconstriction induced by Ang II in rat endothelium-denuded aortic rings, and the mechanism at least in part, is due to the blockade of the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
- Published
- 2013
181. Pinocembrin protects rats against cerebral ischemic damage through soluble epoxide hydrolase and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
- Author
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Mei Gao, Xiaobin Pang, Shou-Bao Wang, Lianhua Fang, and Guan-Hua Du
- Subjects
Epoxide Hydrolases ,Male ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Epoxide hydrolase 2 ,Pinocembrin ,Chemistry ,Brain ,Ischemic injury ,Arachidonic Acids ,General Medicine ,Protective Agents ,Brain Ischemia ,Rats ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Disease Models, Animal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enzyme ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Biochemistry ,Flavanones ,Drug Discovery ,cardiovascular system ,Animals ,Humans ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) - Abstract
To investigate the relationship between cerebroprotection of pinocembrin and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and their regulating enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH).Rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to mimic permanent focal ischemia, and pinocembrin was administrated via tail vein injection at 10 min, 4 h, 8 h and 23 h after MCAO. After 24 MCAO, rats were re-anesthetized, and the blood and brain were harvested and analyzed.Pinocembrin displayed significant protective effects on MCAO rats indicated by reduced neurological deficits and infarct volume. Importantly, co-administration of 0.2 mg·kg(-1) 14, 15-EEZE, a putative selective EET antagonist, weakened the beneficial effects of pinocembrin. 14, 15-EET levels in the blood and brain of rats after 24 h MCAO were elevated in the presence of pinocembrin. In an assay for hydrolase activity, pinocembrin significantly lowered brain sEH activity of MCAO rats and inhibited recombinant human sEH activity in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50, 2.58 μmol·L(-1)). In addition, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that pinocembrin at doses of 10 mg·kg(-1) and 30 mg·kg(-1) significantly down-regulated sEH protein in rat brain, especially the hippocampus CA1 region of MCAO rats.Inhibiting sEH and then increasing the potency of EETs may be one of the mechanisms through which pinocembrin provides cerebral protection.
- Published
- 2013
182. Nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomic differentiation of different Astragali Radix
- Author
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Ting-Li Qu, Zhen-Yu Li, Guan-Hua Du, Ai-Ping Li, and Xue-Mei Qin
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,China ,Sucrose ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Metabolite ,01 natural sciences ,Plant Roots ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Metabolomics ,Drug Discovery ,Medicinal plants ,Chromatography ,Chloroform ,Plants, Medicinal ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Astragalus propinquus ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solvent ,Astragalus ,030104 developmental biology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Extraction methods - Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) is one of the most popular herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Wild AR is believed to be of high quality, and substitution with cultivated AR is frequently encountered in the market. In the present study, two types of ARs (wild and cultivated) from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, growing in different regions of China, were analyzed by NMR profiling coupled with multivariate analysis. Results showed that both could be differentiated successfully and cultivation patterns or growing years might have greater impact on the metabolite compositions than the variety; the metabolites responsible for the separation were identified. In addition, three extraction methods were compared and the method (M1) was used for further analysis. In M1, the extraction solvent composed of water, methanol, and chloroform in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 2 was used to obtain the aqueous methanol (upper layer) and chloroform (lower layer) fractions, respectively, showing the best separation. The differential metabolites among different methods were also revealed. Moreover, the sucrose/glucose ratio could be used as a simple index to differentiate wild and cultivated AR. Meanwhile, the changes of correlation pattern among the differential metabolites of the two varieties were found. The work demonstrated that NMR-based non-targeted profiling approach, combined with multivariate statistical analysis, can be used as a powerful tool for differentiating AR of different cultivation types or growing years.
- Published
- 2016
183. Methyl salicylate 2
- Author
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Yang-Yang, He, Yu, Yan, Hui-Fang, Zhang, Yi-Huang, Lin, Yu-Cai, Chen, Yi, Yan, Ping, Wu, Jian-Song, Fang, Shu-Hui, Yang, and Guan-Hua, Du
- Subjects
Inflammation ,lupus nephritis ,endocrine system ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Terpenes ,fungi ,inflammatory response ,Salicylates ,Mice ,systemic lupus erythematosus ,immune system diseases ,Disease Progression ,Animals ,Cytokines ,Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ,methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-lactoside ,Female ,Glycosides ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,signal transduction ,Autoantibodies ,Original Research - Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with a high incidence rate and insufficient therapy worldwide, is a complex disease involving multiple organs characterized primarily by inflammation due to deposition of immunocomplexes formed by production of autoantibodies. The mechanism of SLE remains unclear, and the disease still cannot be cured. We used pristane to induce SLE in female BALB/c mice. Methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-lactoside (MSL; 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) was orally administered 45 days after pristane injection for 4.5 months. The results showed that MSL antagonized the increasing levels of multiple types of antibodies and cytokines in lupus mice. MSL was found to suppress joint swelling and have potent inhibitory effect on arthritis-like symptoms. MSL also significantly decreased the spleen index and expression of inflammatory markers in the lupus mice. MSL protected the kidneys of lupus mice from injury through inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines and reducing the IgG and C3 immunocomplex deposits. Further Western blot assays revealed that the downregulation of the intracellular inflammatory signals of NFκB and JAK/STAT3 might be the potential molecular mechanisms of the pharmacological activity of MSL against SLE in vivo. These findings may demonstrate that MSL has the potential to be a useful and highly effective treatment for SLE.
- Published
- 2016
184. Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin: a guideline of the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society
- Author
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Zhi-Kang, Ye, Yao-Long, Chen, Ken, Chen, Xiang-Lin, Zhang, Guan-Hua, Du, Bei, He, Da-Kui, Li, You-Ning, Liu, Ke-Hu, Yang, Ying-Yuan, Zhang, Suo-Di, Zhai, and Jing-Yi, Xue
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,MEDLINE ,Pharmacist ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Loading dose ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Vancomycin ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Guideline development ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Pharmacology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Guideline ,Bacterial Infections ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Therapeutic drug monitoring ,Economic evaluation ,Drug Monitoring ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Guideline development should be based on the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, economic evaluation and patients' views and preferences. Therefore, these factors were considered in the development of a new guideline for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin. Objectives To develop an evidence-based guideline for vancomycin TDM and to promote standardized vancomycin TDM in clinical practice in China. Methods We referred to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to rate the quality of evidence and grade the strength of recommendations, according to economic evaluation and patients' views and preferences. We used the GRADE Grid method to formulate the recommendations. Results The guideline presents recommendations about who should receive vancomycin TDM, how to monitor vancomycin efficacy and renal safety, therapeutic trough concentrations, time to start initial vancomycin TDM, loading dose and how to administer and adjust the vancomycin dose. Conclusions We developed an evidence-based guideline for vancomycin TDM, which provides recommendations for clinicians and pharmacists to conduct vancomycin TDM in China.
- Published
- 2016
185. [Thioredoxin-interacting protein: a new potential target for diabetes and related vascular complications therapy]
- Author
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Ping, Wu and Guan-hua, Du
- Subjects
Diabetes Complications ,Inflammation ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Endothelial Cells ,Humans ,Apoptosis ,Vascular Diseases ,Insulin Resistance ,Carrier Proteins - Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3-up-regulated protein (VDUP1), is an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), which regulates the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state. TXNIP regulates cellular survival, apoptosis and inflammation induced by glucotoxicity, heat shock and mechanical pressure. The above functions of TXNIP are regulated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). In recent years, numerous studies showed that TXNIP is involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. On the one hand, TXNIP functions in diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis. TXNIP expression is induced by high glucose, which is implicated in pancreatic beta cell glucotoxicity and endothelial cells dysfunction. TXNIP may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes and its vascular complications. TXNIP may be a new target for diabetes and its vascular complications therapy.
- Published
- 2016
186. The Potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment and Modulation of Pain
- Author
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Guan-Hua, Du, Tian-Yi, Yuan, Li-da, Du, and Yong-Xiang, Zhang
- Subjects
Analgesics ,Phytochemicals ,Animals ,Humans ,Pain ,Analgesia ,Medicine, Chinese Traditional - Abstract
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with various diseases. Extensive research has been conducted to find appropriate methods of relieving pain and improving the quality of life. However, the most commonly used pain-relieving agents such as opioid therapeutics are often associated with harmful side effects; moreover, users are prone to become addicted to these agents and may develop tolerance. Often, nonopioid therapeutics is only marginally effective, thus leading to a significant unmet medical need. Scientists have studied herbal medicines, finding more than 800 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to be effective in relieving pain while also creating several monomeric compounds to develop novel analgesic drugs. In this review, we summarize the representative TCM currently available for the treatment and modulation of pain. Ten different natural products, mainly herbs, used in Chinese medicine to relieve pain are discussed in light of the theories of TCM and modern pharmacology. We hope that this review will provide valuable information for future studies on the potential of TCM in alleviating pain.
- Published
- 2016
187. [Effects of paclitaxel loaded-drug micelles on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells]
- Author
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Lin, Wang, Rui-shuang, Yu, Wen-liang, Yang, Shu-juan, Luan, Ben-kai, Qin, Xiao-bin, Pang, and Guan-hua, Du
- Subjects
Lung Neoplasms ,Paclitaxel ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ,Caspase 3 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Polyesters ,Humans ,Apoptosis ,Micelles ,Cell Proliferation ,Polyethylene Glycols ,bcl-2-Associated X Protein - Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the paclitaxel loaded by hydrazone bonds in poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone) micelles (mPEG-PCL-PTX) on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells and its possible mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. The cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay. Flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell cycle. The cell apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst/P staining. The expression levels of apoptotic genes expression in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The mPEG-PCL-PTX could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and promote the apoptosis. The Bax, caspase-3 protein expression were increased while Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased in A549 cells. Results showed that the polymer containing hydrazone bond is non-toxic in vitro, the mPEG-PCL-PTX micelles can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells. Key words: paclitaxel; micelle; A549 cell; proliferation; cell cycle; apoptosis
- Published
- 2016
188. [Development of HTS model on SERT inhibitors combined biological screening model with HTVS]
- Author
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Rui, Zhao, Jian-song, Fang, Ai-lin, Liu, and Guan-hua, Du
- Subjects
Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Animals ,Bayes Theorem ,Models, Biological ,Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ,Cell Line ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,Rats - Abstract
In order to improve the efficiency of drug screening on serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors, a high-throughput screening (HTS) model is established in RBL-2H3 cells. The RBL-2H3 cells are very similar to the serotonin genetic neuro, in modulation of post-receptor mechanisms and transduction pathway of SERT reactivated. Depending on a fluorescence substrate ASP+ used in detection method of inhibitor rates, it's convenient, quick, accurate and effective, not making the environmental biohazard compared with radioactive experiments. Furthermore, biological screening model combined with computer aided virtual screening technique describing high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS). Bayesian classification method and molecular fingerprint similarity were applied to virtual screening technique, for screening compounds in compound library. Some compounds have been found, and then validated further by biological screening model. Combination of HTS and HTVS improves the efficiency of screening SERT inhibitors.
- Published
- 2016
189. [Pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid A after single intravenous administration in Rhesus monkey]
- Author
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Jun-ke, Song, Wen, Zhang, Wei-ku, Zhang, Zhang-ying, Feng, Tao, Xie, and Guan-Hua, Du
- Subjects
Caffeic Acids ,Lactates ,Animals ,Administration, Intravenous ,Salvia miltiorrhiza ,Macaca mulatta ,Plant Roots ,Mass Spectrometry ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.
- Published
- 2016
190. Flavonoids from the bran of Avena sativa
- Author
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Li Zhang, Jie-Kun Xu, Guan-Hua Du, and Wei-Ku Zhang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,food.ingredient ,Chromatography ,Traditional medicine ,Flavonoid ,General Medicine ,Quercitrin ,Rutin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Avena ,food ,chemistry ,Tricin ,Kaempferol ,Myricitrin ,Luteolin - Abstract
Aim To investigate the chemical constituents from the bran of Avena sativa. Methods Compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic techniques using macroporous resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and preparative reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Results Fifteen chemical constituents were isolated and identified as kaempferol 3- O -(2″, 3″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)- a -L-rhamnopyranoside ( 1 ), kaempferol 3- O -(3″-E-p-coumaroyl)- a -L-rhamnopyranoside ( 2 ), kaempferol 3- O -(2″-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ( 4 ), kaempferol 7- O-a -L-rhamnopyranoside ( 5 ), linarin ( 6 ), tilianin ( 7 ), myricitrin ( 8 ), quercitrin ( 9 ), kaempferol 3- O -rutinoside ( 10 ), rutin ( 11 ), tricin 7- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 12 ), tricin ( 13 ), kaempferol ( 14 ), and luteolin ( 15 ). Conclusion Compounds 1-9 were isolated from Avena sativa Linn. for the first time.
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- 2012
191. Effects of the Nrf2 Protein Modulator Salvianolic Acid A Alone or Combined with Metformin on Diabetes-associated Macrovascular and Renal Injury
- Author
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Xiaocong Pang, Yang Xiuying, Ping Wu, Guan-hua Du, Zi-ran Niu, Yang-yang He, Bi-yu Hou, Junke Song, Li Zhang, Lin-lin Ma, and Yu Yan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ,Diabetic angiopathy ,Alkenes ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Diabetic nephropathy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1 ,In vivo ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ,Animals ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Glutathione Peroxidase ,Mice, Inbred ICR ,Chemistry ,Glutathione peroxidase ,Membrane Proteins ,Polyphenols ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Metformin ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Metabolism ,Sodium nitroprusside ,Oxidative stress ,Diabetic Angiopathies ,Heme Oxygenase-1 ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered a promising target against diabetic complications such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetic nephropathy. Herein, we investigated the effects of a potential Nrf2 modulator, salvianolic acid A (SAA), which is a natural polyphenol, on diabetes-associated macrovascular and renal injuries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Given that lowering glucose is the first objective of diabetic patients, we also examined the effects of SAA combined with metformin (MET) on both complications. Our results showed that SAA significantly increased the macrovascular relaxation response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside in diabetic mice. Interestingly, treatment with SAA alone only provided minor protection against renal injury, as reflected by minor improvements in impaired renal function and structure, despite significantly reduced oxidative stress observed in the diabetic kidney. We demonstrated that decreased oxidative stress and NF-κB p65 expression were associated with SAA-induced expression of Nrf2-responsive antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) 1 (NQO-1), and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) in vivo or in vitro, which suggested that SAA was a potential Nrf2 modulator. More significantly, compared with treatment with either SAA or MET alone, we found that their combination provided further protection against the macrovascular and renal injury, which was at least partly due to therapeutic activation of both MET-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase and SAA-mediated Nrf2/antioxidant-response element pathways. These findings suggested that polyphenol Nrf2 modulators, especially combined with drugs activating AMP-activated protein kinase, including hypoglycemic drugs, are worthy of further investigation to combat diabetic complications.
- Published
- 2015
192. [Pain of high-throughput screening--pan assay interference compounds]
- Author
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Tao, Xie and Guan-hua, Du
- Subjects
Drug Discovery ,High-Throughput Screening Assays - Abstract
High-throughput screening is a regular approach available for identitying new lead compounds for the growing validated drug targets in drug screening. However, it has also introduced a large number of peculiar molecules which interfere drug screening. Pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) interfere with the progress of drug screening in various ways, such as interfering with a biochemical assay, modifying the protein, aggregate-based inhibitors and so on. So it is of vital significance to remove them. This paper has consulted the concept, category of PAINS and reviewed the way of PAINS interfering and the countermeasures to cope with them to direct the approach of high through screening and improve the hits percent.
- Published
- 2015
193. Salvianolic acid A improves intestinal motility in diabetic rats through antioxidant capacity and upregulation of nNOS
- Author
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Xiao Yan, Yu, Li, Zhang, Xiu Ying, Yang, Xiao Ting, Li, and Guan Hua, Du
- Subjects
Male ,Duodenum ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Muscle, Smooth ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ,Antioxidants ,Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ,Rats ,Up-Regulation ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Caffeic Acids ,Jejunum ,Lactates ,Animals ,Gastrointestinal Motility ,Ubiquitin Thiolesterase - Abstract
This study aimed to detect the effect of a new herbal extract salvianolic acid A (SalA) on gastrointestinal complications in diabetic rats.Altogether 80 rats were divided randomly into five groups, including normal control (NC) group, high-fat (HF) diet group, diabetes mellitus (DM) control group, and DM treated with SalA (0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg) groups, respectively. DM was induced by feeding the rats with HF diet and the administration of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Four weeks after the establishment of the DM model, the rats received SalA or double distilled water for 8 weeks. After the evaluation of intestinal motility, the animals were sacrificed and their intestines were isolated and collected. The levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expressions in the intestine were also detected.Compared with the NC and HF rats, the DM control rats showed significantly increased blood glucose level and decreased weight. Compared with the DM control group, SalA did not influence their weight and blood glucose level, but significantly reduced the levels of AGE and MDA. Intestinal transit was promoted by SalA in diabetic rats, and the expressions of PGP9.5 and nNOS in the intestine were both upregulated.The effect of SalA on the intestinal motility of diabetic rats might be due to its antioxidant capacity and restoring nNOS expression.
- Published
- 2015
194. SIRT1 Acts as a Modulator of Neointima Formation Following Vascular Injury in Mice
- Author
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Li Li, Hui-Na Zhang, Hou-Zao Chen, Peng Gao, Li-Hua Zhu, Hong-Liang Li, Xiang Lv, Qing-Jun Zhang, Ran Zhang, Zhao Wang, Zhi-Gang She, Yu-Sheng Wei, Guan-Hua Du, De-Pei Liu, and Chih-Chuan Liang
- Subjects
Male ,Neointima ,Cell cycle checkpoint ,Vascular smooth muscle ,Physiology ,Mice, Transgenic ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Mice ,Cyclin D1 ,Sirtuin 1 ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Animals ,Humans ,Ligation ,Cells, Cultured ,biology ,Cell growth ,Anatomy ,Rats ,Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ,cardiovascular system ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Carotid Artery Injuries ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Rationale: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are crucial events involved in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC), has been reported to have the function of antiatherosclerosis, but its role in neointima formation remains unknown. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the role of SIRT1 in the regulation of neointima formation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: A decrease in SIRT1 expression was observed following carotid artery ligation. smooth muscle cell (SMC)–specific human SIRT1 transgenic (Tg) mice were generated. SIRT1 overexpression substantially inhibited neointima formation after carotid artery ligation or carotid artery wire injury. In the intima of injured carotid arteries, VSMC proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)–positive cells) was significantly reduced. SIRT1 overexpression markedly inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration and induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in vitro. Accordingly, SIRT1 overexpression decreased the induction of cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression by treatment with serum and TNF-α, respectively, whereas RNAi knockdown of SIRT1 resulted in the opposite effect. Decreased cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression/activity were also observed in injured carotid arteries from SMC-SIRT1 Tg mice. Furthermore, 2 targets of SIRT1, c-Fos and c-Jun, were involved in the downregulation of cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on the VSMC proliferation and migration that underlie neointima formation and implicate SIRT1 as a potential target for intervention in vascular diseases.
- Published
- 2011
195. Perovskite band engineering for high-performance X-ray detection
- Author
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Yichu He, Zeshu Wang, Zi Wang, Guan-Hua Dun, Xiangshun Geng, Chunlin Wang, Jingbo Du, Tianyu Guo, Dan Xie, He Tian, Yi Yang, and Tian-Ling Ren
- Subjects
perovskite ,band engineering ,x-ray detector ,heterojunction ,electrode contact ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Perovskite-based X-ray detector, which is widely applied in fields of scientific research and medical diagnosis, has drawn much attention for its superior optoelectrical properties. To improve the detection performance, band engineering is becoming the hot topic for perovskite properties modulation. In this article, we review the recent progress of perovskite-based X-ray detectors with band engineering process from three aspects, which are background introduction, band theory of heterojunction devices, and optimized electrode contact devices. Lastly, research status and strategies are summarized and perspectives of future progress are analyzed. We hope this review can provide constructive instructions and suggestions for future development of band engineering for perovskite-based high-performance X-ray detector.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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196. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1: protein, ligands, expression and pathophysiological significance
- Author
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Guan-hua Du and Xiuping Chen
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,endocrine system diseases ,integumentary system ,biology ,OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR 1 ,food and beverages ,Lectin ,General Medicine ,Computational biology ,Key issues ,Pathophysiology ,Pathogenesis ,Expression (architecture) ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Scavenger receptor ,Protein ligand - Abstract
Objective To review the recent research progress in lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) including its protein,ligands,expression and pathophysiological significance. Data sources Information included in this article was identified by searching of PUBMED (1997-2006) online resources using the key term LOX-1. Study selection Mainly original milestone articles and critical reviews written by major pioneer investigators of the field were selected. Results The key issues related to the LOX-1 protein as well as ligands for LOX-1.Factors regulating the expression of LOX-1 were summarized.The pathophysiological functions of LOX-1 in several diseases were discussed. Conclusions Identification of LOX-1 and a definition of its biological role in pathophysiologic states provide deeper insight into the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases especially in atherosclerosis and provide a potential selective therapeutic approach.LOX-1 is unlocking and drugs targeting LOX-1 might be a promising direction to explore. Chin Med J 2007;120(5):421-426
- Published
- 2007
197. [Establishment of double targets of high throughput screening model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers]
- Author
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Tao, Xie, Zhi-Zhen, Qin, Rui, Zhou, Ying, Zhao, and Guan-hua, Du
- Subjects
Xanthine Oxidase ,Superoxides ,Free Radical Scavengers ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Xanthine ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,Uric Acid - Abstract
A double targets of high throughput screening model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers was established. In the reaction system of xanthine oxidase, WST-1 works as the probe for the ultra oxygen anion generation, and product uric acid works as xanthine oxidase activity indicator. By using SpectraMax M5 continuous spectrum enzyme sign reflectoscope reflector, the changes of these indicators' concentration were observed and the influence factors of this reaction system to establish the high throughput screening model were studied. And the model is confirmed by positive drugs. In the reaction system, the final volume of reaction system is 50 μL and the concentrations of xanthine oxidase is 4 mU x mL(-1), xanthine 250 μmol x L(-1) and WST-1 100 μmol x L(-1), separately. The Z'-factor of model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors is 0.537 4, S/N is 47.519 9; the Z'-factor of model for superoxide anion scavengers is 0.507 4, S/N is 5.388 9. This model for xanthine oxidase inhibitors and superoxide anion scavengers has more common characteristics of the good stability, the fewer reagent types and quantity, the good repeatability, and so on. And it can be widely applied in high-throughput screening research.
- Published
- 2015
198. [Pharmacokinetic comparison of two ozagrel polymorph forms in SD rats]
- Author
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Zhi-Zhen, Qin, Qian-Xi, Chen, Jun-Ke, Song, Yang, Lü, and Guan-Hua, Du
- Subjects
Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Animals ,Biological Availability ,Methacrylates ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Rats - Abstract
To enhance the quality and efficiency of ozagrel by investigating the differences between the ozagrel polymorphs in bioavailability. Solid ozagrel in different polymorph forms were orally administered to SD rats. An HPLC method was established to determinate plasma level of ozagrel. The bioavailabilities of two polymorph forms were calculated and compared. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ozagrel, were as follows: Cmax was 32.72 ± 17.04 and 34.01 ± 19.13 mg · L(-1), respectively; AUC0-t was 61.14 ± 14.76 and 85.56 ± 18.08 mg · L(-1) · h, respectively; t½ was 1.53 ± 0.51 and 4.73 ± 3.00 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between form I and II polymorphs of ozagrel while the t½ of form II is longer, which indicates that the use of form II polymorph as pharmaceutical product may prolong the effective action time in clinics. This would help the polymorph quality control in drug production.
- Published
- 2015
199. [The role of SIRT1 in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy]
- Author
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Bi-Yu, Hou, Li, Li, Li, Zhang, and Guan-Hua, Du
- Subjects
Sirtuin 1 ,Humans ,Apoptosis ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Cellular Senescence - Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy presents an increasing trend worldwide. It has been an attractive area to find novel targets for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1), a member of deacetylation enzymes, regulates cell senescence, metabolism, and apoptosis. In last ten years, lots of studies showed that SIRT1 exerts a protective effect in the progression of the diabetic nephropathy by promoting reconstruction of energy homeostasis, modulating cell redox state, resisting cell apoptosis, inhibiting inflammation and ameliorating renal fibrosis. SIRT1 has become a potential new target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
- Published
- 2015
200. Comparison of Two Different Astragali Radix by a ¹H NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach
- Author
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Ai-Ping, Li, Zhen-Yu, Li, Hai-Feng, Sun, Ke, Li, Xue-Mei, Qin, and Guan-Hua, Du
- Subjects
Mice ,Liver ,Plant Extracts ,Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Animals ,Metabolomics ,Astragalus propinquus ,Lung ,Plant Roots ,Spleen ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) is a commonly used herbal drug in traditional chinese medicine and is widely used for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, and neuropathy. The main source of AR in China is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao, and both cultivated and wild ARs are used clinically. A systematic comparison of cultivated AR (GS-AR) and wild AR (SX-AR) should be performed to ensure the clinical efficacy and safety. In this study, the chemical composition of the two different ARs, which were collected in the Shanxi (wild) and Gansu (cultivated) provinces, were compared by NMR-based metabolic fingerprint coupled with multivariate analysis. The SX-AR- and GS-AR-induced metabolic changes in the endogenous metabolites in mice were also compared. The results showed that SX-AR and GS-AR differed significantly not only in the primary metabolites but also in the secondary metabolites. However, alterations among the endogenous metabolites in the serum, lung, liver, and spleen were relatively small. This study provided a novel and valuable method for the evaluation of the consistency and diversity of herbal drugs, and further studies should be conducted on the difference in polysaccharides as well as the biological effects between the two kinds of AR.
- Published
- 2015
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