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Background: Dating violence in young adults is an important public health issue because of its magnitude and impact on health. The goal of this study is to determine the prevalence 12 months before the survey by sex and its association with socio-demographic and health risk behavior., Methods: Data were drawn from the Non-communicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance System in young people (Spanish acronym, SIVFRENT-J), on a representative sample of students of the fourth-year of secondary education (15 to 16 years) in Madrid Region. The students were asked whether they had ever suffered any physical violence (PV) and/or sexual violence (SV) dating episodes. Prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) of the occurrence of such episodes were estimated; generalized linear models with binomial family and logarithmic link were used to estimate the association between physical and/or sexual violence (PSV) and health risk behavior through prevalence ratios (PR, CI95%)., Results: In 1713 dating girls and 1664 dating boys, the prevalence of PV was 2.9% (CI95%:2.0-3.9) and 4.0% (CI95%:2.9-5.0) (p>0.05), SV 5.3% (CI95%:4.1-6.5) and 2.4% (CI95%:1.6-3.2) (p< 0.001) and PSV 7.1% (CI95%:5.6-8.6) and 5.1% (CI95%:4.0-6.3) (p<0.05) in that order. In the girls explanatory model, PSV was associated with eating disorders PR:1.74 (CI95%:1.14-2.66), sexual risk behavior (SRB), PR:1.67 (CI95%:1.11-2.50), excessive alcohol consumption, PR:1.57 (CI95%:1.06-2.34) and worse perceived health, PR:1.67 (CI95%:1.08-2.57). In boys, PSV was associated with having been born in a country other than Spain, PR:2.05 (CI95%:1.32-3.18), eating disorders, PR:2.79 (CI95%:1.58-4.92), SRB, PR:2.22 (CI95%:1.34-3.66) and drug consumption, PR:2.14 (CI95%:1.39-3.28)., Conclusion: VFS was higher in girls and was associated to others health risk factors with similar characteristics according to sex.

Background: [corrected] In order to ascertain the food intake and nutritional situation of the children of the Community of Madrid, on which no updated information was available, the Institute of Public Health conducted the 2001/2001 Children's Nutrition Survey of the Community of Madrid (CNSCM). This study offers an analysis of the CNSCM that describes and evaluates the food, energy and nutrient intake of this segment of the population., Methods: Cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of children aged 5-12 years from the Community of Madrid. Diet-related information was collected in 2001 and 2002 by means of two 24-hour recalls. Total daily food, energy and nutrient intake were studied. The analysis included only the 1852 children who had completed both 24-h recalls (90.8% of all interviews)., Results: The average daily food intake is 1460.7 grams/person/day. Except for dairy products, eggs and oils, intake from the basic food groups is inadequate, and is particularly low for fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables and garden vegetables in general. The resulting average energy and nutrition intake is 1905.9 kcal/person/day; 43.6% carbohydrates, 17.4% proteins, 39.0% fats (13.3% saturated fats, 16.8% monosaturated fats, 5.0% polyunsaturated fats); 363.8 mg cholegterol, 13.6 g of fiber and lower than recommended intakes of zinc, folic acid, vitamins D and E (both sexes) and iron and vitamin B6 (girls)., Conclusions: The diet of the children of the Community of Madrid shows a number of imbalances that should be improved: inadequate intake from basic food groups; excess of proteins, saturated fats and cholesterol; and a deficit of carbohydrates, fiber and certain micronutrients.

Previous work has shown that the avian reovirus cell-attachment sigma C (sigmaC) protein is a multimer. In the first part of this study the oligomerization state of intracellularly synthesized sigmaC was analysed by different approaches, including SDS-PAGE, chemical cross-linking, sedimentation and gel filtration analysis. All these approaches indicated that protein sigmaC in its native state is a homotrimer. In the second part of the present work we investigated the effect of different factors and reagents on oligomer stability, in order to elucidate the nature of the forces that maintain the conformational stability of the homotrimer. Our results, based on the stabilizing effect conferred by reducing agents, demonstrate that the sigmaC subunits are not covalently bound via disulfide linkages. They further suggest that the formation of an intrachain disulfide bond between the two cysteine residues of the sigmaC polypeptide has a negative effect on oligomer stability. The susceptibility of the trimer to pH, temperature, ionic strength, chemical denaturants and detergents indicates that hydrophobic interactions contribute much more to oligomer stability than do ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Finally, our results also reveal that mammalian and avian reovirus cell attachment proteins follow different subunit dissociation pathways.