Search

The article focusses on blesses and blessings in William Shakespeare's tragedy "King Lear" and the effect of reformation in his playwriting. Topics include the reformation changes in the way that the language of blessing are used; the trend of using prominent religious word in the play; and literary analysis of biblical story of Jacob and Esau and their competition for parental blessing in the play.

Tin halide perovskite (Sn-HPs) photovoltaics could potentially equal or exceed the performance of their more toxic Pb-based analogues if defect state densities, particularly originating from the presence of Sn4+, can be significantly decreased. Numerous additives are incorporated into Sn-HPs to minimize the amount of Sn4+, including SnF2, reducing agents such as hydrazine derivatives, and various antioxidants. Despite the frequent use of additives to reduce Sn4+ content, there is limited understanding of how they function and consequently limited guidance for the development of new additives. Herein, we use cyclic voltammetry to probe the redox behavior of SnI2, SnI4, Sn-HP precursor solutions, and 18 different additives. Through 119Sn NMR measurements we show that hydrochloride containing additives undergo halide exchange with SnI4 to form SnIxCly, which results in decreased Sn4+ concentrations and less p-type character in the Sn-HP films. We find that the most effective additive at lowering the Sn4+ content in FASnI3 is not capable of reducing SnI4 or forming SnIxCly, but rather it acts as a sacrificial and coordinating antioxidant. In general, when selecting additives for Sn-HPs it is important to account for the redox potential, coordination with Sn species, ability to react with oxygen, and the potential for halide exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ronald W. Cooley. 'Full of all knowledge': George Herbert's Country Parson and Early Modern Social Discourse. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. 238 pp. $50.00. Since Richard Strier's landmark study, [...]

THIS IS THE SECOND TIME that I have stood before the gathered forces of JASNA in all your terrifying array, and it doesn't get easier, particularly since I have more [...]

Research demonstrates that the novel single kringle-containing fragment termed p22 is derived from plasminogen that binds to bovine capillary endothelial or human fibrosarcoma cells. Results show that the p22 fragment is a potent antiangiogenic protein and that it is a derivative of plasmin N-terminal region.