Search

Your search keyword '"Gibson, Lorna"' showing total 749 results
Start Over Author "Gibson, Lorna"
749 results on '"Gibson, Lorna"'

151. Thermal conductivity and characterization of compacted, granular silica aerogel

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gibson, Lorna J., Neugebauer, Adam Halbert, Chen, Kevin, Tang, Astera S., Glicksman, Leon R., Allgeier, A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gibson, Lorna J., Neugebauer, Adam Halbert, Chen, Kevin, Tang, Astera S., Glicksman, Leon R., and Allgeier, A.

Abstract

Monolithic silica aerogels are well known for their low thermal conductivity (approximately 15 mW/(m K)) (Aegerter et al. (Eds.), 2011. Aerogels Handbook, first ed., Springer-Verlag New York, LLC, New York, NY). Their low relative density (typically less than 5%) reduces conduction through the solid and their small pore size, typically less than one hundred nanometers, on the order of the mean free path of air, reduces conduction through air, as well as convection and radiation. As they are fragile and brittle, they are often used in a granular form in thermal insulation, with some increase in their thermal conductivity from the air between the granules. Here, we describe a technique for compacting a bed of granular silica aerogel that reduces the thermal conductivity from 24 mW/(m K) (when uncompacted) to 13 mW/(m K) (after compaction). We find that there is an optimum level of compaction to minimize the thermal conductivity: at higher levels of compaction, the contact area between the granules increases and the granules densify, increasing conduction through the solid., DuPont MIT Alliance

Published
2016

152. Development and mechanical characterization of novel ceramic foams fabricated by gel-casting

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Tulliani, J.-M., Lombardi, M., Palmero, P., Fornabaio, M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Tulliani, J.-M., Lombardi, M., Palmero, P., and Fornabaio, M.

Abstract

Porous ceramic materials are of considerable interest for a variety of chemical and industrial applications in extremely harsh conditions, particularly at very high temperatures for long time periods. A combined gel-casting-fugitive phase process employing agar as a natural gelling agent and polyethylene spheres as pore formers was exploited to produce porous ceramic bodies. Alumina and alumina–zirconia powders were used to prepare samples having a porosity of about 65–70–75 vol%. The composite powder was produced by a surface modification route, i.e. by coating a well-dispersed alpha-alumina powder with a zirconium chloride aqueous solution. On thermal treatment, ultra-fine tetragonal zirconia grains were formed on the surface of the alumina particles. SEM observations and image analysis were used to characterize the microstructure of porous samples and uniaxial compressive tests were carried out to measure their mechanical behavior.

Published
2016

153. Association between Adult Height and Risk of Colorectal, Lung, and Prostate Cancer: Results from Meta-analyses of Prospective Studies and Mendelian Randomization Analyses

Author

Genetica Sectie Genoomdiagnostiek, Cancer, Khankari, Nikhil K., Shu, Xiao Ou, Wen, Wanqing, Kraft, Peter, Lindström, Sara, Peters, Ulrike, Schildkraut, Joellen, Schumacher, Fredrick, Bofetta, Paolo, Risch, Angela, Bickeböller, Heike, Amos, Christopher I., Easton, Douglas, Eeles, Rosalind A., Gruber, Stephen B., Haiman, Christopher A., Hunter, David J., Chanock, Stephen J., Pierce, Brandon L., Zheng, Wei, Blalock, Kendra, Campbell, Peter T., Casey, Graham, Conti, David V., Edlund, Christopher K., Figueiredo, Jane, James Gauderman, W., Gong, Jian, Green, Roger C., Harju, John F., Harrison, Tabitha A., Jacobs, Eric J., Jenkins, Mark A., Jiao, Shuo, Li, Li, Lin, Yi, Manion, Frank J., Moreno, Victor, Mukherjee, Bhramar, Raskin, Leon, Schumacher, Fredrick R., Seminara, Daniela, Severi, Gianluca, Stenzel, Stephanie L., Thomas, Duncan C., Hopper, John L., Southey, Melissa C., Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F., Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Gibson, Lorna, dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Ahsan, Habib, Whittemore, Alice, Waisfisz, Quinten, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Adank, Muriel, van der Luijt, Rob B., Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Lichtner, Peter, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A., Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Hein, Rebecca, Dahmen, Norbert, Beckman, Lars, Crisponi, Laura, Hall, Per, Czene, Kamila, Irwanto, Astrid, Liu, Jianjun, Easton, Douglas F., Turnbull, Clare, Rahman, Nazneen, Eeles, Rosalind, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Muir, Kenneth, Giles, Graham, Neal, David, Donovan, Jenny L., Hamdy, Freddie C., Wiklund, Fredrik, Gronberg, Henrik, Haiman, Christopher, Schumacher, Fred, Travis, Ruth, Riboli, Elio, Hunter, David, Gapstur, Susan, Berndt, Sonja, Chanock, Stephen, Han, Younghun, Su, Li, Wei, Yongyue, Hung, Rayjean J., Brhane, Yonathan, McLaughlin, John, Brennan, Paul, McKay, James D., Rosenberger, Albert, Houlston, Richard S., Caporaso, Neil, Teresa Landi, Maria, Heinrich, Joachim, Wu, Xifeng, Ye, Yuanqing, Christiani, David C., Genetica Sectie Genoomdiagnostiek, Cancer, Khankari, Nikhil K., Shu, Xiao Ou, Wen, Wanqing, Kraft, Peter, Lindström, Sara, Peters, Ulrike, Schildkraut, Joellen, Schumacher, Fredrick, Bofetta, Paolo, Risch, Angela, Bickeböller, Heike, Amos, Christopher I., Easton, Douglas, Eeles, Rosalind A., Gruber, Stephen B., Haiman, Christopher A., Hunter, David J., Chanock, Stephen J., Pierce, Brandon L., Zheng, Wei, Blalock, Kendra, Campbell, Peter T., Casey, Graham, Conti, David V., Edlund, Christopher K., Figueiredo, Jane, James Gauderman, W., Gong, Jian, Green, Roger C., Harju, John F., Harrison, Tabitha A., Jacobs, Eric J., Jenkins, Mark A., Jiao, Shuo, Li, Li, Lin, Yi, Manion, Frank J., Moreno, Victor, Mukherjee, Bhramar, Raskin, Leon, Schumacher, Fredrick R., Seminara, Daniela, Severi, Gianluca, Stenzel, Stephanie L., Thomas, Duncan C., Hopper, John L., Southey, Melissa C., Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F., Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Gibson, Lorna, dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Ahsan, Habib, Whittemore, Alice, Waisfisz, Quinten, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Adank, Muriel, van der Luijt, Rob B., Uitterlinden, Andre G., Hofman, Albert, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Lichtner, Peter, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A., Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Hein, Rebecca, Dahmen, Norbert, Beckman, Lars, Crisponi, Laura, Hall, Per, Czene, Kamila, Irwanto, Astrid, Liu, Jianjun, Easton, Douglas F., Turnbull, Clare, Rahman, Nazneen, Eeles, Rosalind, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Muir, Kenneth, Giles, Graham, Neal, David, Donovan, Jenny L., Hamdy, Freddie C., Wiklund, Fredrik, Gronberg, Henrik, Haiman, Christopher, Schumacher, Fred, Travis, Ruth, Riboli, Elio, Hunter, David, Gapstur, Susan, Berndt, Sonja, Chanock, Stephen, Han, Younghun, Su, Li, Wei, Yongyue, Hung, Rayjean J., Brhane, Yonathan, McLaughlin, John, Brennan, Paul, McKay, James D., Rosenberger, Albert, Houlston, Richard S., Caporaso, Neil, Teresa Landi, Maria, Heinrich, Joachim, Wu, Xifeng, Ye, Yuanqing, and Christiani, David C.

Published
2016

154. Evaluation of Commercial Wood‐Cement Composites for Sandwich‐Panel Facing

Author

Karam, Gebran N., Gibson, Lorna J., Karam, Gebran N., and Gibson, Lorna J.

Abstract

Within the general framework of developing a cement‐based sandwich panel for housing construction, wood‐cement composites were identified as a promising facing material. Five commercially available wood‐cement and natural‐fiber‐cement board products were studied in an experimental program. The modulus of elasticity, the limit of proportionality stress, the modulus of rupture, and the post‐cracking behavior were measured in three‐point bending. The compressive strength and failure mode were characterized from uniaxial compression tests on small cubic specimens. The microstructure of these composites was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. The effect of the fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties was related to the observed behavior.

Published
2016

155. Composition and structure of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Borrega, Marc, Ahvenainen, Patrik, Serimaa, Ritva, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Borrega, Marc, Ahvenainen, Patrik, and Serimaa, Ritva

Abstract

Balsa, with its low density and relatively high mechanical properties, is frequently used as the core in structural sandwich panels, in applications ranging from wind turbine blades to racing yachts. Here, both the cellular and cell wall structure of balsa are described, to enable multi-scale modeling and an improved understanding of its mechanical properties. The cellular structure consists of fibers (66–76 %), rays (20–25 %) and vessels (3–9 %). The density of balsa ranges from roughly 60 to 380 kg/m[superscript 3]; the large density variation derives largely from the fibers, which decrease in edge length and increase in wall thickness as the density increases. The increase in cell wall thickness is predominantly due to a thicker secondary S2 layer. Cellulose microfibrils in the S2 layer are highly aligned with the fiber axis, with a mean microfibril angle (MFA) of about 1.4°. The cellulose crystallites are about 3 nm in width and 20–30 nm in length. The degree of cellulose crystallinity appears to be between 80 and 90 %, considerably higher than previously reported for other woods. The outstanding mechanical properties of balsa wood in relation to its weight are likely explained by the low MFA and the high cellulose crystallinity., North American Center for Research on Advanced Materials (BASF)

Published
2016

156. Stress concentration around an atelectatic region: A finite element model

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Makiyama, A. M., Harris, R. S., Venegas, J. G., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Makiyama, A. M., Harris, R. S., and Venegas, J. G.

Abstract

Lung parenchyma surrounding an atelectatic region is thought to be subjected to increased stress compared with the rest of the lung. Using 37 hexagonal cells made of linear springs, Mead et al. (1970) measured a stress concentration greater than 30% in the springs surrounding a stiffer central cell. We re-examine the problem using a 2D finite element model of 500 cells made of thin filaments with a non-linear stress–strain relationship. We study the consequences of increasing the central stiff region from one to nine contiguous cells in regular hexagonal honeycombs and random Voronoi honeycombs. The honeycomb structures were uniformly expanded with strains of 15%, 30%, 45% and 55% above their resting, non-deformed geometry. The curve of biaxial stress vs. fractional area change has a similar shape to that of the pressure–volume curve of the lung, showing an initial regime with relatively flat slope and a final regime with decreasing slope, tending toward an asymptote. Regular honeycombs had little variability in the maximum stress in radially oriented filaments adjacent to the central stiff region. In contrast, some filaments in random Voronoi honeycombs were subjected to stress concentration approximately 16 times the average stress concentration in the radially oriented filaments adjacent to the stiff region. These results may have implications in selecting the appropriate strategy for mechanical ventilation in ARDS and defining a “safe” level of alveolar pressure for ventilating atelectatic lungs.

Published
2016

157. Mechanical and thermal performance of aerogel-filled sandwich panels for building insulation

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gibson, Lorna J., Chen, Kevin, Neugebauer, Adam Halbert, Goutierre, Thomas, Tang, Astera S., Glicksman, Leon R., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gibson, Lorna J., Chen, Kevin, Neugebauer, Adam Halbert, Goutierre, Thomas, Tang, Astera S., and Glicksman, Leon R.

Abstract

Monolithic silica aerogels provide exceptional thermal insulation but have low mechanical properties. For instance, their flexural strength is typically 0.03–0.08 MPa. Here, we report on the development of a truss-core sandwich panel filled with compacted aerogel granules, designed to provide both mechanical support and thermal insulation. Mechanical and thermal properties of the sandwich panel prototype were measured and compared with theoretical models available in the literature. The models give a good description of the properties of aerogel-filled truss-core sandwich panels., DuPont MIT Alliance

Published
2016

158. Soccer-based promotion of voluntary medical male circumcision: A mixed-methods feasibility study with secondary students in Uganda

Author

Miiro, George, DeCelles, Jeff, Rutakumwa, Rwamahe, Nakiyingi-Miiro, Jessica, Muzira, Philip, Ssembajjwe, Wilber, Musoke, Saidat, Gibson, Lorna J, Hershow, Rebecca B, Francis, Suzanna, Torondel, Belen, Ross, David A, Weiss, Helen A, and MENISCUS project

Subjects
Male, Parents, RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Social Sciences, HIV Infections, Peer support, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Adolescents, Cultural Anthropology, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Promotion (rank), Sociology, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Circumcision, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Uganda, 030212 general & internal medicine, Reproductive System Procedures, Young adult, Children, media_common, education.field_of_study, Schools, Alcohol Consumption, Multidisciplinary, 3. Good health, Religion, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Scale (social sciences), Viruses, Infectious diseases, Pathogens, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, HIV prevention, education, Population, MEDLINE, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, Viral diseases, Microbiology, Education, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Intervention (counseling), Soccer, Retroviruses, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Nutrition, Preventive medicine, Government, business.industry, Lentivirus, Organisms, HIV, Biology and Life Sciences, 030112 virology, Diet, Public and occupational health, Circumcision, Male, Age Groups, Anthropology, Family medicine, People and Places, Physical therapy, Population Groupings, business
Abstract

The Ugandan government is committed to scaling-up proven HIV prevention strategies including safe male circumcision, and innovative strategies are needed to increase circumcision uptake. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of implementing a soccer-based intervention (“Make The Cut”) among schoolboys in a peri-urban district of Uganda. The intervention was led by trained, recently circumcised “coaches” who facilitated a 60-minute session delivered in schools, including an interactive penalty shoot-out game using metaphors for HIV prevention, sharing of the coaches’ circumcision story, group discussion and ongoing engagement from the coach to facilitate linkage to male circumcision. The study took place in four secondary schools in Entebbe sub-district, Uganda. Acceptability of safe male circumcision was assessed through a cross-sectional quantitative survey. The feasibility of implementing the intervention was assessed by piloting the intervention in one school, modifying it, and implementing the modified version in a second school. Perceptions of the intervention were assessed with in-depth interviews with participants. Of the 210 boys in the cross-sectional survey, 59% reported being circumcised. Findings showed high levels of knowledge and generally favourable perceptions of circumcision. The initial implementation of Make The Cut resulted in 6/58 uncircumcised boys (10.3%) becoming circumcised. Changes made included increasing engagement with parents and improved liaison with schools regarding the timing of the intervention. Following this, uptake improved to 18/69 (26.1%) in the second school. In-depth interviews highlighted the important role of family and peer support and the coach in facilitating the decision to circumcise. This study showed that the modified Make The Cut intervention may be effective to increase uptake of safe male circumcision in this population. However, the intervention is time-intensive, and further work is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention conducted at scale.

Published
2017

159. Fine-mapping identifies two additional breast cancer susceptibility loci at 9q31.2

Author

Orr, Nick, Dudbridge, Frank, Dryden, Nicola, Maguire, Sarah, Novo, Daniela, Perrakis, Eleni, Johnson, Nichola, Ghoussaini, Maya, Hopper, John L., Southey, Melissa C., Apicella, Carmel, Stone, Jennifer, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Broeks, Annegien, Van't Veer, Laura J., Hogervorst, Frans B., Fasching, Peter A., Haeberle, Lothar, Ekici, Arif B., Beckmann, Matthias W., Gibson, Lorna, Aitken, Zoe, Warren, Helen, Sawyer, Elinor, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J., Miller, Nicola, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Chistof, Guenel, Pascal, Truong, Therese, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Sanchez, Marie, Bojesen, Stig E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Nielsen, Sune F., Flyger, Henrik, Benitez, Javier, Zamora, Maria Pilar, Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio, Menendez, Primitiva, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Neuhausen, Susan L., Brenner, Hermann, Dieffenbach, Aida Karina, Arndt, Volker, Stegmaier, Christa, and Hamann, Ute et al.

Subjects
ddc
Published
2014

160. Complications and pathology results from CT-guided biopsy of suspected lung cancers

Author

Gibson, Lorna

Subjects
genetic structures, Neoplasia, Biopsy, Outcomes, Lung, Cancer, Percutaneous, CT
Abstract

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Background Only 28% of men with lung cancer in Scotland survive one year after diagnosis, and this falls to 7% at five years (32% and 10% respectively for women). Median survival is 6 months from diagnosis for patients aged 15-74 [1]. Our centre...

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

161. The prevalence of potentially serious incidental findings on cardiac MR imaging: a systematic review

Author

Gibson, Lorna

Subjects
Medico-legal issues, Oncology, Epidemiology, MR, Cardiac, Respiratory system, Cancer
Abstract

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Purpose: The UK biobank is a national cohort of 500,000 people aged 40-69 who were recruited in 2006-2010. All participants have undergone baseline physical examination and provided biological samples and data on activity levels and diet, and have agreed to...

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

162. The prevalence of potentially serious incidental findings on abdominal magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review

Author

Gibson, Lorna

Subjects
Medico-legal issues, Arteries / Aorta, Epidemiology, Cysts, Abdomen, MR, Aneurysms, Pancreas
Abstract

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Purpose: UK biobank recruited 500,000 people aged 40-69 in 2006-2010, who have undergone baseline physical examination and provided biological samples and provided data on activity levels and diet, and have agreed to have their health followed [1]. UK...

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

165. Community-based rehabilitation for people with physical and mental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Iemmi, Valentina, primary, Blanchet, Karl, additional, Gibson, Lorna J., additional, Kumar, K. Suresh, additional, Rath, Santosh, additional, Hartley, Sally, additional, Murthy, Gudlavalleti V. S., additional, Patel, Vikram, additional, Weber, Joerg, additional, and Kuper, Hannah, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

169. Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer

Author

Epi Kanker Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Cancer, Genetica Sectie Genoomdiagnostiek, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Beesley, Jonathan, Lindstrom, Sara, Canisius, Sander, Dennis, Joe, Lush, Michael J., Maranian, Mel J., Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Shah, Mitul, Perkins, Barbara J., Czene, Kamila, Eriksson, Mikael, Darabi, Hatef, Brand, Judith S., Bojesen, Stig E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Flyger, Henrik, Nielsen, Sune F., Rahman, Nazneen, Turnbull, Clare, Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Gibson, Lorna, dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Rudolph, Anja, Eilber, Ursula, Behrens, Sabine, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A., Aittomaki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Khan, Sofia, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Ahsan, Habibul, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Whittemore, Alice S., John, Esther M., Malone, Kathleen E., Gammon, Marilie D., Santella, Regina M., Ursin, Giske, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F., Casey, Graham, Hunter, David J., van der Luijt, Rob B., Peeters, Petra, BOCS, KConFab Investigators, AOCS Grp, NBCS, GENICA Network, Epi Kanker Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Cancer, Genetica Sectie Genoomdiagnostiek, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Beesley, Jonathan, Lindstrom, Sara, Canisius, Sander, Dennis, Joe, Lush, Michael J., Maranian, Mel J., Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Shah, Mitul, Perkins, Barbara J., Czene, Kamila, Eriksson, Mikael, Darabi, Hatef, Brand, Judith S., Bojesen, Stig E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Flyger, Henrik, Nielsen, Sune F., Rahman, Nazneen, Turnbull, Clare, Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Gibson, Lorna, dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Rudolph, Anja, Eilber, Ursula, Behrens, Sabine, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A., Aittomaki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Khan, Sofia, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Ahsan, Habibul, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Whittemore, Alice S., John, Esther M., Malone, Kathleen E., Gammon, Marilie D., Santella, Regina M., Ursin, Giske, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F., Casey, Graham, Hunter, David J., van der Luijt, Rob B., Peeters, Petra, BOCS, KConFab Investigators, AOCS Grp, NBCS, and GENICA Network

Published
2015

170. The elastic and plastic behaviour of cellular materials

Author

Gibson, Lorna Jane

Abstract

Cellular materials are widespread. Some, like wood and bone, occur in nature, while others, like polymeric foams, are manmade. Because of their cellular structure, they have unusual mechanical properties: they can be stiff, yet light, and they are capable of absorbing large deflections and thus large amounts of energy. Yet their mechanical behaviour has hardly been studied: no comprehensive attempt to relate mechanical properties to structure exists. In this thesis, we have attempted to do this. We first model a cellular material as a simple, two-dimensional array of hexagonal cells and identify and analyze the mechanisms by which it deforms. From this we calculate the elastic moduli and the elastic and plastic collapse stresses for ideal two-dimensional cellular materials. The results (which we have experimentally verified) show that each of these properties depends on three parameters: a solid cell wall material property, a geometric constant, and the relative density of the cellular material raised to the power two or three. We then examine three-dimensional cellular materials. Because their geometry is irregular and very complicated, no exact analysis of their behaviour is possible. But, with our understanding of two dimensional cellular materials and how they deform, we can use dimensional arguments to analyze three-dimensional cellular materials. The results of this analysis agree well with experimental data. Finally, we have applied our understanding of cellular materials to two case studies. In the first, we have examined the structure of cork, a quasi- two-dimensional cellular material, and explained some of its mechanical properties. The second case study analyzes the problem of material selection in packaging., This work was supported by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

171. Evidence of Gene–Environment Interactions between Common Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci and Established Environmental Risk Factors

Author

Nickels, Stefan, Truong, Thérèse, Hein, Rebecca, Stevens, Kristen, Buck, Katharina, Behrens, Sabine, Eilber, Ursula, Schmidt, Martina, Häberle, Lothar, Vrieling, Alina, Gaudet, Mia, Figueroa, Jonine, Schoof, Nils, Spurdle, Amanda B., Rudolph, Anja, Fasching, Peter A., Hopper, John L., Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F., Southey, Melissa C., Beckmann, Matthias W., Ekici, Arif B., Fletcher, Olivia, Gibson, Lorna, Santos Silva, Isabel dos, Peto, Julian, Humphreys, Manjeet K., Wang, Jean, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Menegaux, Florence, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Bojesen, Stig E., Lanng, Charlotte, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Bernstein, Leslie, Clarke, Christina A., Brenner, Hermann, Müller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Stegmaier, Christa, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brüning, Thomas, Harth, Volker, Mannermaa, Arto, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Lambrechts, Diether, Smeets, Dominiek, Neven, Patrick, Paridaens, Robert, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Obi, Nadia, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Couch, Fergus J., Olson, Janet E., Vachon, Celine M., Giles, Graham G., Severi, Gianluca, Baglietto, Laura, Offit, Kenneth, John, Esther M., Miron, Alexander, Andrulis, Irene L., Knight, Julia A., Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Chanock, Stephen J., Lissowska, Jolanta, Liu, Jianjun, Cox, Angela, Cramp, Helen, Connley, Dan, Balasubramanian, Sabapathy, Dunning, Alison M., Shah, Mitul, Trentham-Dietz, Amy, Newcomb, Polly, Titus, Linda, Egan, Kathleen, Cahoon, Elizabeth K., Rajaraman, Preetha, Sigurdson, Alice J., Doody, Michele M., Guénel, Pascal, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Hall, Per, Easton, Doug F., Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Milne, Roger L., and Chang-Claude, Jenny

Subjects
Medizinische Fakultät -ohne weitere Spezifikation, ddc:610
Abstract

Various common genetic susceptibility loci have been identified for breast cancer; however, it is unclear how they combine with lifestyle/environmental risk factors to influence risk. We undertook an international collaborative study to assess gene-environment interaction for risk of breast cancer. Data from 24 studies of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium were pooled. Using up to 34,793 invasive breast cancers and 41,099 controls, we examined whether the relative risks associated with 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms were modified by 10 established environmental risk factors (age at menarche, parity, breastfeeding, body mass index, height, oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone therapy use, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, physical activity) in women of European ancestry. We used logistic regression models stratified by study and adjusted for age and performed likelihood ratio tests to assess gene–environment interactions. All statistical tests were two-sided. We replicated previously reported potential interactions between LSP1-rs3817198 and parity (Pinteraction = 2.4×10−6) and between CASP8-rs17468277 and alcohol consumption (Pinteraction = 3.1×10−4). Overall, the per-allele odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for LSP1-rs3817198 was 1.08 (1.01–1.16) in nulliparous women and ranged from 1.03 (0.96–1.10) in parous women with one birth to 1.26 (1.16–1.37) in women with at least four births. For CASP8-rs17468277, the per-allele OR was 0.91 (0.85–0.98) in those with an alcohol intake of

Published
2013

172. Follow-up of incidental findings from abdominal ultrasound scans in an epidemiological study: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study

Author

Gibson, Lorna

Subjects
Epidemiology, Abdomen, Ultrasound, Diagnostic procedure
Abstract

Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information, Purpose: Relatively intensive radiological investigation of research participants is becoming increasingly common in observational epidemiological studies. Incidental findings, defined as unrelated to study aims, on body imaging performed for research...

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

173. Prevalence, incidence and correlates of low risk HPV infection and anogenital warts in a cohort of women living with HIV in Burkina Faso and South Africa.

Author

Chikandiwa, Admire, Kelly, Helen, Sawadogo, Bernard, Ngou, Jean, Pisa, Pedro T., Gibson, Lorna, Didelot, Marie-Noelle, Meda, Nicolas, Weiss, Helen A., Segondy, Michel, Mayaud, Philippe, Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead, and null, null

Subjects
HIV infection risk factors, HIV-positive women, DISEASE prevalence, LOGISTIC regression analysis
Abstract

Objective: To report the prevalence and incidence of low-risk human papillomavirus infection (LR-HPV) and anogenital warts (AGW) among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Burkina Faso (BF) and South Africa (SA), and to explore HIV-related factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: We enrolled 1238 WLHIV (BF = 615; SA = 623) aged 25–50 years and followed them at three time points (6, 12 and 16 months) after enrolment. Presence of AGW was assessed during gynaecological examination. Cervico-vaginal swabs for enrolment and month 16 follow-up visits were tested for HPV infection by Inno-LiPA® genotyping. Logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for prevalent infection or AGW. Cox regression was used to assess risk factors for incident AGW. Results: Women in SA were more likely than those in BF to have prevalent LR-HPV infection (BF: 27.1% vs. SA: 40.9%; p<0.001) and incident LR-HPV infection (BF: 25.8% vs. SA: 31.6%, p = 0.05). Prevalence of persistent LR-HPV was similar in the two countries (BF: 33.3% vs. SA: 30.4%; p = 0.54), as were prevalence and incidence of AGW (Prevalence: BF: 7.5% vs. SA: 5.7%; p = 0.21; Incidence: BF: 2.47 vs. SA: 2.33 per 100 person-years; p = 0.41). HPV6 was associated with incident AGW (BF: adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) = 4.88; 95%CI: 1.36–17.45; SA: aHR = 5.02; 95%CI: 1.40–17.99). Prevalent LR-HPV (BF: adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR = 1.86]; 95%CI: 1.01–3.41; SA: aOR = 1.75; 95%CI: 0.88–3.48); persistent LR-HPV (BF: aOR = 1.92; 95%CI: 0.44–8.44; SA: aOR = 2.81; 95%CI: 1.07–7.41) and prevalent AGW (BF: aOR = 1.53; 95%CI: 0.61–3.87; SA: aOR = 4.11; 95%CI: 1.20–14.10) were each associated with low CD4+ counts (i.e. <200 vs. >500 cells/μL). Duration of ART and HIV plasma viral load were not associated with any LR-HPV infection or AGW outcomes. Conclusion: LR-HPV infection and AGW are common in WLHIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Type-specific HPV vaccines and effective ART with immunological reconstitution could reduce the burden of AGW in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

174. Size-effects of metal foams

Author

Tekoglu, C., Gibson, Lorna J., Onck, Patrick, van de Weijgaert, Rien, Ritzerveld, Jelle, Icke, Vincent, and Micromechanics

Published
2011

175. Get ahead by volunteering

Author

Gibson, Lorna

Subjects
Volunteerism -- Management, Volunteerism -- Evaluation, Medical students -- Training, Company business management, Education, Health
Published
2007

176. Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores

Author

Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni J., primary, Yang, Jian, additional, Finucane, Hilary K., additional, Gusev, Alexander, additional, Lindström, Sara, additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Genovese, Giulio, additional, Loh, Po-Ru, additional, Bhatia, Gaurav, additional, Do, Ron, additional, Hayeck, Tristan, additional, Won, Hong-Hee, additional, Kathiresan, Sekar, additional, Pato, Michele, additional, Pato, Carlos, additional, Tamimi, Rulla, additional, Stahl, Eli, additional, Zaitlen, Noah, additional, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, additional, Belbin, Gillian, additional, Kenny, Eimear E., additional, Schierup, Mikkel H., additional, De Jager, Philip, additional, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., additional, McCarroll, Steve, additional, Daly, Mark, additional, Purcell, Shaun, additional, Chasman, Daniel, additional, Neale, Benjamin, additional, Goddard, Michael, additional, Visscher, Peter M., additional, Kraft, Peter, additional, Patterson, Nick, additional, Price, Alkes L., additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Walters, James T.R., additional, Farh, Kai-How, additional, Holmans, Peter A., additional, Lee, Phil, additional, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, additional, Collier, David A., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Pers, Tune H., additional, Agartz, Ingrid, additional, Agerbo, Esben, additional, Albus, Margot, additional, Alexander, Madeline, additional, Amin, Farooq, additional, Bacanu, Silviu A., additional, Begemann, Martin, additional, Belliveau, Richard A., additional, Bene, Judit, additional, Bergen, Sarah E., additional, Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, additional, Bigdeli, Tim B., additional, Black, Donald W., additional, Bruggeman, Richard, additional, Buccola, Nancy G., additional, Buckner, Randy L., additional, Byerley, William, additional, Cahn, Wiepke, additional, Cai, Guiqing, additional, Campion, Dominique, additional, Cantor, Rita M., additional, Carr, Vaughan J., additional, Carrera, Noa, additional, Catts, Stanley V., additional, Chambert, Kimberly D., additional, Chan, Raymond C.K., additional, Chen, Ronald Y.L., additional, Chen, Eric Y.H., additional, Cheng, Wei, additional, Cheung, Eric F.C., additional, Chong, Siow Ann, additional, Cloninger, C. Robert, additional, Cohen, David, additional, Cohen, Nadine, additional, Cormican, Paul, additional, Craddock, Nick, additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Curtis, David, additional, Davidson, Michael, additional, Davis, Kenneth L., additional, Degenhardt, Franziska, additional, Del Favero, Jurgen, additional, DeLisi, Lynn E., additional, Demontis, Ditte, additional, Dikeos, Dimitris, additional, Dinan, Timothy, additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Drapeau, Elodie, additional, Duan, Jubao, additional, Dudbridge, Frank, additional, Durmishi, Naser, additional, Eichhammer, Peter, additional, Eriksson, Johan, additional, Escott-Price, Valentina, additional, Essioux, Laurent, additional, Fanous, Ayman H., additional, Farrell, Martilias S., additional, Frank, Josef, additional, Franke, Lude, additional, Freedman, Robert, additional, Freimer, Nelson B., additional, Friedl, Marion, additional, Friedman, Joseph I., additional, Fromer, Menachem, additional, Georgieva, Lyudmila, additional, Gershon, Elliot S., additional, Giegling, Ina, additional, Giusti-Rodrguez, Paola, additional, Godard, Stephanie, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., additional, Golimbet, Vera, additional, Gopal, Srihari, additional, Gratten, Jacob, additional, Grove, Jakob, additional, de Haan, Lieuwe, additional, Hammer, Christian, additional, Hamshere, Marian L., additional, Hansen, Mark, additional, Hansen, Thomas, additional, Haroutunian, Vahram, additional, Hartmann, Annette M., additional, Henskens, Frans A., additional, Herms, Stefan, additional, Hirschhorn, Joel N., additional, Hoffmann, Per, additional, Hofman, Andrea, additional, Hollegaard, Mads V., additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Ikeda, Masashi, additional, Joa, Inge, additional, Julia, Antonio, additional, Kahn, Rene S., additional, Kalaydjieva, Luba, additional, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, additional, Karjalainen, Juha, additional, Kavanagh, David, additional, Keller, Matthew C., additional, Kelly, Brian J., additional, Kennedy, James L., additional, Khrunin, Andrey, additional, Kim, Yunjung, additional, Klovins, Janis, additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Konte, Bettina, additional, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, additional, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, additional, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, additional, Kahler, Anna K., additional, Laurent, Claudine, additional, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, additional, Lee, S. Hong, additional, Legge, Sophie E., additional, Lerer, Bernard, additional, Li, Miaoxin, additional, Li, Tao, additional, Liang, Kung-Yee, additional, Lieberman, Jeffrey, additional, Limborska, Svetlana, additional, Loughland, Carmel M., additional, Lubinski, Jan, additional, Lnnqvist, Jouko, additional, Macek, Milan, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Maher, Brion S., additional, Maier, Wolfgang, additional, Mallet, Jacques, additional, Marsal, Sara, additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Mattingsdal, Morten, additional, McCarley, Robert W., additional, McDonald, Colm, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M., additional, Meier, Sandra, additional, Meijer, Carin J., additional, Melegh, Bela, additional, Melle, Ingrid, additional, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Michie, Patricia T., additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Milanova, Vihra, additional, Mokrab, Younes, additional, Morris, Derek W., additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Mortensen, Preben B., additional, Murphy, Kieran C., additional, Murray, Robin M., additional, Myin-Germeys, Inez, additional, Mller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Nelis, Mari, additional, Nenadic, Igor, additional, Nertney, Deborah A., additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Nicodemus, Kristin K., additional, Nikitina-Zake, Liene, additional, Nisenbaum, Laura, additional, Nordin, Annelie, additional, O’Callaghan, Eadbhard, additional, O’Dushlaine, Colm, additional, O’Neill, F. Anthony, additional, Oh, Sang-Yun, additional, Olincy, Ann, additional, Olsen, Line, additional, Van Os, Jim, additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Papadimitriou, George N., additional, Papiol, Sergi, additional, Parkhomenko, Elena, additional, Pato, Michele T., additional, Paunio, Tiina, additional, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, additional, Perkins, Diana O., additional, Pietilinen, Olli, additional, Pimm, Jonathan, additional, Pocklington, Andrew J., additional, Powell, John, additional, Price, Alkes, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Purcell, Shaun M., additional, Quested, Digby, additional, Rasmussen, Henrik B., additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Reimers, Mark A., additional, Richards, Alexander L., additional, Roffman, Joshua L., additional, Roussos, Panos, additional, Ruderfer, Douglas M., additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Sanders, Alan R., additional, Schall, Ulrich, additional, Schubert, Christian R., additional, Schulze, Thomas G., additional, Schwab, Sibylle G., additional, Scolnick, Edward M., additional, Scott, Rodney J., additional, Seidman, Larry J., additional, Shi, Jianxin, additional, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, additional, Silagadze, Teimuraz, additional, Silverman, Jeremy M., additional, Sim, Kang, additional, Slominsky, Petr, additional, Smoller, Jordan W., additional, So, Hon-Cheong, additional, Spencer, Chris C.A., additional, Stahl, Eli A., additional, Stefansson, Hreinn, additional, Steinberg, Stacy, additional, Stogmann, Elisabeth, additional, Straub, Richard E., additional, Strengman, Eric, additional, Strohmaier, Jana, additional, Stroup, T. Scott, additional, Subramaniam, Mythily, additional, Suvisaari, Jaana, additional, Svrakic, Dragan M., additional, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., additional, Sderman, Erik, additional, Thirumalai, Srinivas, additional, Toncheva, Draga, additional, Tooney, Paul A., additional, Tosato, Sarah, additional, Veijola, Juha, additional, Waddington, John, additional, Walsh, Dermot, additional, Wang, Dai, additional, Wang, Qiang, additional, Webb, Bradley T., additional, Weiser, Mark, additional, Wildenauer, Dieter B., additional, Williams, Nigel M., additional, Williams, Stephanie, additional, Witt, Stephanie H., additional, Wolen, Aaron R., additional, Wong, Emily H.M., additional, Wormley, Brandon K., additional, Wu, Jing Qin, additional, Xi, Hualin Simon, additional, Zai, Clement C., additional, Zheng, Xuebin, additional, Zimprich, Fritz, additional, Wray, Naomi R., additional, Stefansson, Kari, additional, Visscher, Peter M., additional, Adolfsson, Rolf, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Blackwood, Douglas H.R., additional, Bramon, Elvira, additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Børglum, Anders D., additional, Cichon, Sven, additional, Darvasi, Ariel, additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, additional, Esko, Tonu, additional, Gejman, Pablo V., additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Gurling, Hugh, additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Iwata, Nakao, additional, Jablensky, Assen V., additional, Jonsson, Erik G., additional, Kendler, Kenneth S., additional, Kirov, George, additional, Knight, Jo, additional, Lencz, Todd, additional, Levinson, Douglas F., additional, Li, Qingqin S., additional, Liu, Jianjun, additional, Malhotra, Anil K., additional, McCarroll, Steven A., additional, McQuillin, Andrew, additional, Moran, Jennifer L., additional, Mowry, Bryan J., additional, Nthen, Markus M., additional, Ophoff, Roel A., additional, Owen, Michael J., additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Pato, Carlos N., additional, Petryshen, Tracey L., additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Rietschel, Marcella, additional, Riley, Brien P., additional, Rujescu, Dan, additional, Sham, Pak C., additional, Sklar, Pamela, additional, St. Clair, David, additional, Weinberger, Daniel R., additional, Wendland, Jens R., additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, Sullivan, Patrick F., additional, O’Donovan, Michael C., additional, Hunter, David J., additional, Adank, Muriel, additional, Ahsan, Habibul, additional, Aittomäki, Kristiina, additional, Baglietto, Laura, additional, Berndt, Sonja, additional, Blomquist, Carl, additional, Canzian, Federico, additional, Chang-Claude, Jenny, additional, Chanock, Stephen J., additional, Crisponi, Laura, additional, Czene, Kamila, additional, Dahmen, Norbert, additional, Silva, Isabel dos Santos, additional, Easton, Douglas, additional, Eliassen, A. Heather, additional, Figueroa, Jonine, additional, Fletcher, Olivia, additional, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, additional, Gaudet, Mia M., additional, Gibson, Lorna, additional, Haiman, Christopher A., additional, Hall, Per, additional, Hazra, Aditi, additional, Hein, Rebecca, additional, Henderson, Brian E., additional, Hofman, Albert, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Irwanto, Astrid, additional, Johansson, Mattias, additional, Kaaks, Rudolf, additional, Kibriya, Muhammad G., additional, Lichtner, Peter, additional, Lund, Eiliv, additional, Makalic, Enes, additional, Meindl, Alfons, additional, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, additional, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, additional, Muranen, Taru A., additional, Nevanlinna, Heli, additional, Peeters, Petra H., additional, Peto, Julian, additional, Prentice, Ross L., additional, Rahman, Nazneen, additional, Sánchez, María José, additional, Schmidt, Daniel F., additional, Schmutzler, Rita K., additional, Southey, Melissa C., additional, Travis, Ruth, additional, Turnbull, Clare, additional, Uitterlinden, Andre G., additional, van der Luijt, Rob B., additional, Waisfisz, Quinten, additional, Wang, Zhaoming, additional, Whittemore, Alice S., additional, Yang, Rose, additional, and Zheng, Wei, additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

179. The structure and mechanics of Moso bamboo material

Author

Dixon, Patrick G., Gibson, Lorna J., Dixon, Patrick G., and Gibson, Lorna J.

Abstract

Bamboo has been used structurally for thousands of years. Recently, structural bamboo products analogous to wood products have become of interest both commercially and academically. This file contains original experimental results of an investigation of both the microstructure and mechanical properties of natural Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). One of the primary aims of the investigation is to contribute data and knowledge in order to facilitate the design of products and structures with bamboo. The authors of the dataset hope making the data available allows for easy comparison and combination with others’ results, thusly furthering this goal. The raw experimental data contained in this file is the dataset presented in the article “The Structure and Mechanics of Moso Bamboo Material” in Journal of the Royal Society Interface, with which the dataset shares a name. The data is also used in “Understanding the Structural Properties of Moso Bamboo to Engineer Sustainable Structural Bamboo Products” in the 2014 World Conference Engineering Timber Engineering Proceedings. Bamboo is known to have radial and longitudinal density gradients in the tissue. In this study, the microstructural and mechanical aspects of these gradients are the primary focus. Internodes from a single culm of Moso bamboo, obtained from Bamboo Craftsman Company (Portland, Oregon), are used. Microstructural images obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to determine volume fractions and solid fractions of the parenchyma and vascular bundles. These images are given in this dataset. The mechanical properties measured are: the axial Young's modulus in bending, axial modulus of rupture (in bending), axial compressive strength, and radial and tangential compressive strengths. Small mechanical test specimens (for every test type) are cut at different longitudinal (internodes) and radial positions to assess the gradients’ effects on mechanical properties. Raw data from these tests w, This dataset is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation OISE: 1258574.

Published
2014

180. MicroRNA Related Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Khan, Sofia, Greco, Dario, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Milne, Roger L., Muranen, Taru A., Heikkinen, Tuomas, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Dennis, Joe, Bolla, Manjeet K., Liu, Jianjun, Hall, Per, Irwanto, Astrid, Humphreys, Keith, Li, Jingmei, Czene, Kamila, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Hein, Rebecca, Rudolph, Anja, Seibold, Petra, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Silva, Isabel dos Santos, Johnson, Nichola, Gibson, Lorna, Aitken, Zoe, Hopper, John L., Tsimiklis, Helen, Bui, Minh, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F., Southey, Melissa C., Apicella, Carmel, Stone, Jennifer, Waisfisz, Quinten, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Adank, Muriel A., van der Luijt, Rob B., Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K., Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Lichtner, Peter, Turnbull, Clare, Rahman, Nazneen, Chanock, Stephen J., Hunter, David J., Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S., Reed, Malcolm W. R., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Broeks, Annegien, Van't Veer, Laura J., Hogervorst, Frans B., Fasching, Peter A., Schrauder, Michael G., Ekici, Arif B., Beckmann, Matthias W., Bojesen, Stig E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Nielsen, Sune F., Flyger, Henrik, Benitez, Javier, Zamora, Pilar M., Perez, Jose I. A., Haiman, Christopher A., Henderson, Brian E., Schumacher, Fredrick, Le Marchand, Loic, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Dunning, Alison M., Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Brown, Judith, Couch, Fergus J., Wang, Xianshu, Vachon, Celine, Olson, Janet E., Lambrechts, Diether, Moisse, Matthieu, Paridaens, Robert, Christiaens, Marie-Rose, Guenel, Pascal, Truong, Therese, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Mulot, Claire, Marme, Frederick, Burwinkel, Barbara, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Sawyer, Elinor J., Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J., Miller, Nicola, Andrulis, Irene L., Knight, Julia A., Tchatchou, Sandrine, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Dork, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Antonenkova, Natalia N., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Darabi, Hatef, Eriksson, Mikael, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Figueroa, Jonine, Lissowska, Jolanta, Brinton, Louise, Devilee, Peter, Tollenaar, Robert A. E. M., Seynaeve, Caroline, van Asperen, Christi J., Kristensen, Vessela N., Slager, Susan, Toland, Amanda E., Ambrosone, Christine B., Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Lindblom, Annika, Margolin, Sara, Radice, Paolo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Barile, Monica, Mariani, Paolo, Hooning, Maartje J., Martens, John W. M., Collee, J. Margriet, Jager, Agnes, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, Durda, Katarzyna, Giles, Graham G., McLean, Catriona, Brauch, Hiltrud, Bruning, Thomas, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Brenner, Hermann, Dieffenbach, Aida Karina, Arndt, Volker, Stegmaier, Christa, Swerdlow, Anthony, Ashworth, Alan, Orr, Nick, Jones, Michael, Simard, Jacques, Goldberg, Mark S., Labreche, France, Dumont, Martine, Winqvist, Robert, Pylkas, Katri, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Grip, Mervi, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Mannermaa, Arto, Hamann, Ute, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Blomqvist, Carl, Aittomaki, Kristiina, Easton, Douglas F., Nevanlinna, Heli, Khan, Sofia, Greco, Dario, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Milne, Roger L., Muranen, Taru A., Heikkinen, Tuomas, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Dennis, Joe, Bolla, Manjeet K., Liu, Jianjun, Hall, Per, Irwanto, Astrid, Humphreys, Keith, Li, Jingmei, Czene, Kamila, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Hein, Rebecca, Rudolph, Anja, Seibold, Petra, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Silva, Isabel dos Santos, Johnson, Nichola, Gibson, Lorna, Aitken, Zoe, Hopper, John L., Tsimiklis, Helen, Bui, Minh, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F., Southey, Melissa C., Apicella, Carmel, Stone, Jennifer, Waisfisz, Quinten, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Adank, Muriel A., van der Luijt, Rob B., Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K., Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Lichtner, Peter, Turnbull, Clare, Rahman, Nazneen, Chanock, Stephen J., Hunter, David J., Cox, Angela, Cross, Simon S., Reed, Malcolm W. R., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Broeks, Annegien, Van't Veer, Laura J., Hogervorst, Frans B., Fasching, Peter A., Schrauder, Michael G., Ekici, Arif B., Beckmann, Matthias W., Bojesen, Stig E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Nielsen, Sune F., Flyger, Henrik, Benitez, Javier, Zamora, Pilar M., Perez, Jose I. A., Haiman, Christopher A., Henderson, Brian E., Schumacher, Fredrick, Le Marchand, Loic, Pharoah, Paul D. P., Dunning, Alison M., Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Brown, Judith, Couch, Fergus J., Wang, Xianshu, Vachon, Celine, Olson, Janet E., Lambrechts, Diether, Moisse, Matthieu, Paridaens, Robert, Christiaens, Marie-Rose, Guenel, Pascal, Truong, Therese, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Mulot, Claire, Marme, Frederick, Burwinkel, Barbara, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Sawyer, Elinor J., Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J., Miller, Nicola, Andrulis, Irene L., Knight, Julia A., Tchatchou, Sandrine, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Dork, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Antonenkova, Natalia N., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Darabi, Hatef, Eriksson, Mikael, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Figueroa, Jonine, Lissowska, Jolanta, Brinton, Louise, Devilee, Peter, Tollenaar, Robert A. E. M., Seynaeve, Caroline, van Asperen, Christi J., Kristensen, Vessela N., Slager, Susan, Toland, Amanda E., Ambrosone, Christine B., Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Lindblom, Annika, Margolin, Sara, Radice, Paolo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Barile, Monica, Mariani, Paolo, Hooning, Maartje J., Martens, John W. M., Collee, J. Margriet, Jager, Agnes, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, Durda, Katarzyna, Giles, Graham G., McLean, Catriona, Brauch, Hiltrud, Bruning, Thomas, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Brenner, Hermann, Dieffenbach, Aida Karina, Arndt, Volker, Stegmaier, Christa, Swerdlow, Anthony, Ashworth, Alan, Orr, Nick, Jones, Michael, Simard, Jacques, Goldberg, Mark S., Labreche, France, Dumont, Martine, Winqvist, Robert, Pylkas, Katri, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Grip, Mervi, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Mannermaa, Arto, Hamann, Ute, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Blomqvist, Carl, Aittomaki, Kristiina, Easton, Douglas F., and Nevanlinna, Heli

Abstract

Genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNA) or in the miRNA binding sites may affect the miRNA dependent gene expression regulation, which has been implicated in various cancers, including breast cancer, and may alter individual susceptibility to cancer. We investigated associations between miRNA related SNPs and breast cancer risk. First we evaluated 2,196 SNPs in a case-control study combining nine genome wide association studies (GWAS). Second, we further investigated 42 SNPs with suggestive evidence for association using 41,785 cases and 41,880 controls from 41 studies included in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Combining the GWAS and BCAC data within a meta-analysis, we estimated main effects on breast cancer risk as well as risks for estrogen receptor (ER) and age defined subgroups. Five miRNA binding site SNPs associated significantly with breast cancer risk: rs1045494 (odds ratio (OR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-0.96), rs1052532 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99), rs10719 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99), rs4687554 (OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, and rs3134615 (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) located in the 3' UTR of CASP8, HDDC3, DROSHA, MUSTN1, and MYCL1, respectively. DROSHA belongs to miRNA machinery genes and has a central role in initial miRNA processing. The remaining genes are involved in different molecular functions, including apoptosis and gene expression regulation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether the miRNA binding site SNPs are the causative variants for the observed risk effects.

Published
2014

181. Late-onset epilepsy and occult cerebrovascular disease

Author

Gibson, Lorna M., Hanby, Martha F., Al-Bachari, Sarah M., Parkes, Laura M., Allan, Stuart M., Emsley, Hedley C. A., Gibson, Lorna M., Hanby, Martha F., Al-Bachari, Sarah M., Parkes, Laura M., Allan, Stuart M., and Emsley, Hedley C. A.

Abstract

The interface between cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and epilepsy is complex and multifaceted. Late-onset epilepsy (LOE) is increasingly common and is often attributed to CVD, and is indeed associated with an increased risk of stroke. This relationship is easily recognizable where there is a history of stroke, particularly involving the cerebral cortex. However, the relationship with otherwise occult, subcortical CVD is currently less well established yet causality is often invoked. In this review, we consider the diagnosis of LOE in clinical practice - including its behaviour as a potential mimic of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack; evidence for an association between occult CVD and LOE; and potential mechanisms of epileptogenesis in occult CVD, including potential interrelationships between disordered cerebral metabolism and perfusion, disrupted neurovascular unit integrity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and inflammation. We also discuss recently recognized issues concerning antiepileptic drug treatment and vascular risk and consider a variety of less common CVD entities associated with seizures.

Published
2014

182. Genetic variation at CYP3A is associated with age at menarche and breast cancer risk:a case-control study

Author

Johnson, Nichola, Dudbridge, Frank, Orr, Nick, Gibson, Lorna, Jones, Michael E, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Folkerd, Elizabeth J, Haynes, Ben P, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, Dite, Gillian S, Apicella, Carmel, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Broeks, Annegien, Van T Veer, Laura J, Atsma, Femke, Muir, Kenneth, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Fasching, Peter A, Beckmann, Matthias W, Ekici, Arif B, Renner, Stefan P, Sawyer, Elinor, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael, Miller, Nicola, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Guénel, Pascal, Truong, Therese, Cordina, Emilie, Menegaux, Florence, Bojesen, Stig E, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Flyger, Henrik, Milne, Roger, Zamora, M Pilar, Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio, Benitez, Javier, Bernstein, Leslie, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Clarke Dur, Christina, Brenner, Hermann, Müller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Dieffenbach, Aida Karina, Meindl, Alfons, Heil, Joerg, Bartram, Claus R, Schmutzler, Rita K, Brauch, Hiltrud, Justenhoven, Christina, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Matsuo, Keitaro, Dörk, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Lindblom, Annika, Mannermaa, Arto, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Beesley, Jonathan, Wu, Anna H, Van den Berg, David, Tseng, Chiu-Chen, Lambrechts, Diether, Smeets, Dominiek, Neven, Patrick, Wildiers, Hans, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Nickels, Stefan, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Radice, Paolo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Bonanni, Bernardo, Pensotti, Valeria, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Wang, Xianshu, Fredericksen, Zachary, Pankratz, Vernon S, Giles, Graham G, Severi, Gianluca, Baglietto, Laura, Haiman, Chris, Simard, Jacques, Goldberg, Mark S, Labrèche, France, Dumont, Martine, Soucy, Penny, Teo, Soo, Yip, Cheng Har, Phuah, Sze Yee, Cornes, Belinda K, Kristensen, Vessela N, Grenaker Alnæs, Grethe, Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, Zheng, Wei, Winqvist, Robert, Pylkäs, Katri, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Grip, Mervi, Andrulis, Irene L, Knight, Julia A, Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Devillee, Peter, Figueroa, Jonine, Chanock, Stephen J, Lissowska, Jolanta, Sherman, Mark E, Hall, Per, Schoof, Nils, Hooning, Maartje, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Oldenburg, Rogier A, Tilanus-Linthorst, Madeleine, Liu, Jianjun, Cox, Angie, Brock, Ian W, Reed, Malcolm Wr, Cross, Simon S, Blot, William, Signorello, Lisa B, Pharoah, Paul Dp, Dunning, Alison M, Shah, Mitul, Kang, Daehee, Noh, Dong-Young, Park, Sue K, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Hartman, Mikael, Miao, Hui, Lim, Wei Yen, Tang, Anthony, Hamann, Ute, Försti, Asta, Rüdiger, Thomas, Ulmer, Hans Ulrich, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, Durda, Katarzyna, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Gaborieau, Valerie, Brennan, Paul, McKay, James, Slager, Susan, Toland, Amanda E, Vachon, Celine, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Shen, Chen-Yang, Yu, Jyh-Cherng, Huang, Chiun-Sheng, Hou, Ming-Feng, González-Neira, Anna, Tessier, Daniel C, Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, Francois, Luccarini, Craig, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Jean, Easton, Douglas F, García-Closas, Montserrat, Dowsett, Mitch, Ashworth, Alan, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Peto, Julian, Dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Fletcher, Olivia, Johnson, Nichola, Dudbridge, Frank, Orr, Nick, Gibson, Lorna, Jones, Michael E, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Folkerd, Elizabeth J, Haynes, Ben P, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, Dite, Gillian S, Apicella, Carmel, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Broeks, Annegien, Van T Veer, Laura J, Atsma, Femke, Muir, Kenneth, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Fasching, Peter A, Beckmann, Matthias W, Ekici, Arif B, Renner, Stefan P, Sawyer, Elinor, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael, Miller, Nicola, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Guénel, Pascal, Truong, Therese, Cordina, Emilie, Menegaux, Florence, Bojesen, Stig E, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Flyger, Henrik, Milne, Roger, Zamora, M Pilar, Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio, Benitez, Javier, Bernstein, Leslie, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Clarke Dur, Christina, Brenner, Hermann, Müller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Dieffenbach, Aida Karina, Meindl, Alfons, Heil, Joerg, Bartram, Claus R, Schmutzler, Rita K, Brauch, Hiltrud, Justenhoven, Christina, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Matsuo, Keitaro, Dörk, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Lindblom, Annika, Mannermaa, Arto, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Beesley, Jonathan, Wu, Anna H, Van den Berg, David, Tseng, Chiu-Chen, Lambrechts, Diether, Smeets, Dominiek, Neven, Patrick, Wildiers, Hans, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Nickels, Stefan, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Radice, Paolo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Bonanni, Bernardo, Pensotti, Valeria, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Wang, Xianshu, Fredericksen, Zachary, Pankratz, Vernon S, Giles, Graham G, Severi, Gianluca, Baglietto, Laura, Haiman, Chris, Simard, Jacques, Goldberg, Mark S, Labrèche, France, Dumont, Martine, Soucy, Penny, Teo, Soo, Yip, Cheng Har, Phuah, Sze Yee, Cornes, Belinda K, Kristensen, Vessela N, Grenaker Alnæs, Grethe, Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, Zheng, Wei, Winqvist, Robert, Pylkäs, Katri, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Grip, Mervi, Andrulis, Irene L, Knight, Julia A, Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Devillee, Peter, Figueroa, Jonine, Chanock, Stephen J, Lissowska, Jolanta, Sherman, Mark E, Hall, Per, Schoof, Nils, Hooning, Maartje, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Oldenburg, Rogier A, Tilanus-Linthorst, Madeleine, Liu, Jianjun, Cox, Angie, Brock, Ian W, Reed, Malcolm Wr, Cross, Simon S, Blot, William, Signorello, Lisa B, Pharoah, Paul Dp, Dunning, Alison M, Shah, Mitul, Kang, Daehee, Noh, Dong-Young, Park, Sue K, Choi, Ji-Yeob, Hartman, Mikael, Miao, Hui, Lim, Wei Yen, Tang, Anthony, Hamann, Ute, Försti, Asta, Rüdiger, Thomas, Ulmer, Hans Ulrich, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, Durda, Katarzyna, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Gaborieau, Valerie, Brennan, Paul, McKay, James, Slager, Susan, Toland, Amanda E, Vachon, Celine, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Shen, Chen-Yang, Yu, Jyh-Cherng, Huang, Chiun-Sheng, Hou, Ming-Feng, González-Neira, Anna, Tessier, Daniel C, Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, Francois, Luccarini, Craig, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Jean, Easton, Douglas F, García-Closas, Montserrat, Dowsett, Mitch, Ashworth, Alan, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Peto, Julian, Dos Santos Silva, Isabel, and Fletcher, Olivia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: We have previously shown that a tag single nucleotide polymorphism (rs10235235), which maps to the CYP3A locus (7q22.1), was associated with a reduction in premenopausal urinary estrone glucuronide levels and a modest reduction in risk of breast cancer in women age <=50 years.METHODS: We further investigated the association of rs10235235 with breast cancer risk in a large case control study of 47,346 cases and 47,570 controls from 52 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Genotyping of rs10235235 was conducted using a custom Illumina Infinium array. Stratified analyses were conducted to determine whether this association was modified by age at diagnosis, ethnicity, age at menarche or tumor characteristics.RESULTS: We confirmed the association of rs10235235 with breast cancer risk for women of European ancestry but found no evidence that this association differed with age at diagnosis. Heterozygote and homozygote odds ratios (ORs) were OR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.94, 1.01; P = 0.2) and OR = 0.80 (95% CI 0.69, 0.93; P = 0.004), respectively (Ptrend = 0.02). There was no evidence of effect modification by tumor characteristics. rs10235235 was, however, associated with age at menarche in controls (Ptrend = 0.005) but not cases (Ptrend = 0.97). Consequently the association between rs10235235 and breast cancer risk differed according to age at menarche (Phet = 0.02); the rare allele of rs10235235 was associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk for women who had their menarche age >=15 years (ORhet = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75, 0.94; ORhom = 0.81, 95% CI 0.51, 1.30; Ptrend = 0.002) but not for those who had their menarche age <=11 years (ORhet = 1.06, 95% CI 0.95, 1.19, ORhom = 1.07, 95% CI 0.67, 1.72; Ptrend = 0.29).CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge rs10235235 is the first single nucleotide polymorphism to be associated with both breast cancer risk and age at menarche consistent with the well-documented associati

Published
2014

183. Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation

Author

Ghoussaini, Maya, Edwards, Stacey L, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Nord, Silje, Cowper-Sal Lari, Richard, Desai, Kinjal, Kar, Siddhartha, Hillman, Kristine M, Kaufmann, Susanne, Glubb, Dylan M, Beesley, Jonathan, Dennis, Joe, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dicks, Ed, Guo, Qi, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Brown, Judith, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Eriksson, Mikael, Klevebring, Daniel, Bojesen, Stig E, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nielsen, Sune F, Flyger, Henrik, Lambrechts, Diether, Thienpont, Bernard, Neven, Patrick, Wildiers, Hans, Broeks, Annegien, Van't Veer, Laura J, Th Rutgers, Emiel J, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Hallberg, Emily, Vachon, Celine, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Seibold, Petra, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Peto, Julian, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Gibson, Lorna, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Ghoussaini, Maya, Edwards, Stacey L, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Nord, Silje, Cowper-Sal Lari, Richard, Desai, Kinjal, Kar, Siddhartha, Hillman, Kristine M, Kaufmann, Susanne, Glubb, Dylan M, Beesley, Jonathan, Dennis, Joe, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dicks, Ed, Guo, Qi, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Brown, Judith, Czene, Kamila, Darabi, Hatef, Eriksson, Mikael, Klevebring, Daniel, Bojesen, Stig E, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nielsen, Sune F, Flyger, Henrik, Lambrechts, Diether, Thienpont, Bernard, Neven, Patrick, Wildiers, Hans, Broeks, Annegien, Van't Veer, Laura J, Th Rutgers, Emiel J, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Hallberg, Emily, Vachon, Celine, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Seibold, Petra, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Peto, Julian, Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel, Gibson, Lorna, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A, Aittomäki, Kristiina, and Blomqvist, Carl

Abstract

GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 × 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology.

Published
2014

184. The structure and mechanics of Moso bamboo material

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Dixon, Patrick Gerard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, and Dixon, Patrick Gerard

Abstract

Related research data available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88464, Although bamboo has been used structurally for millennia, there is currently increasing interest in the development of renewable and sustainable structural bamboo products (SBPs). These SBPs are analogous to wood products such as plywood, oriented strand board and glue-laminated wood. In this study, the properties of natural Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) are investigated to further enable the processing and design of SBPs. The radial and longitudinal density gradients in bamboo give rise to variations in the mechanical properties. Here, we measure the flexural properties of Moso bamboo in the axial direction, along with the compressive strengths in the axial and transverse directions. Based on the microstructural variations (observed with scanning electron microscopy) and extrapolated solid cell wall properties of bamboo, we develop models, which describe the experimental results well. Compared to common North American construction woods loaded along the axial direction, Moso bamboo is approximately as stiff and substantially stronger, in both flexure and compression but denser. This work contributes to critical knowledge surrounding the microstructure and mechanical properties of bamboo, which are vital to the engineering and design of sustainable SBPs., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (OISE: 1258574)

Published
2014

185. Genetic variation at CYP3A is associated with age at menarche and breast cancer risk: a case-control study

Author

Johnson, Nichola, Dudbridge, Frank, Orr, Nick, Gibson, Lorna, Jones, Michael E., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Folkerd, Elizabeth J., Haynes, Ben P., Hopper, John L., Southey, Melissa C., Dite, Gillian S., Apicella, Carmel, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Broeks, Annegien, Van't Veer, Laura J., Atsma, Femke, Muir, Kenneth, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Fasching, Peter A., Beckmann, Matthias W., Ekici, Arif B., Renner, Stefan P., Sawyer, Elinor, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael, Miller, Nicola, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Guenel, Pascal, Truong, Therese, Cordina, Emilie, Menegaux, Florence, Bojesen, Stig E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Flyger, Henrik, Milne, Roger, Zamora, M. Pilar, Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio, Benitez, Javier, Bernstein, Leslie, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Dur, Christina Clarke, Brenner, Hermann, Mueller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Dieffenbach, Aida Karina, Meindl, Alfons, Heil, Joerg, Bartram, Claus R., Schmutzler, Rita K., Brauch, Hiltrud, Justenhoven, Christina, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A., Aittomaeki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Matsuo, Keitaro, Doerk, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Antonenkova, Natalia N., Lindblom, Annika, Mannermaa, Arto, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Beesley, Jonathan, Wu, Anna H., Van den Berg, David, Tseng, Chiu-Chen, Lambrechts, Diether, Smeets, Dominiek, Neven, Patrick, Wildiers, Hans, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Nickels, Stefan, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Radice, Paolo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Bonanni, Bernardo, Pensotti, Valeria, Couch, Fergus J., Olson, Janet E., Wang, Xianshu, Fredericksen, Zachary, Pankratz, Vernon S., Giles, Graham G., Severi, Gianluca, Baglietto, Laura, Haiman, Chris, Simard, Jacques, Goldberg, Mark S., Labreche, France, Dumont, Martine, Soucy, Penny, Teo, Soo, Yip, Cheng Har, Phuah, Sze Yee, Cornes, Belinda K., Kristensen, Vessela N., Alnaes, Grethe Grenaker, Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, Zheng, Wei, Winqvist, Robert, Pylkaes, Katri, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Grip, Mervi, Andrulis, Irene L., Knight, Julia A., Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Devillee, Peter, Figueroa, Jonine, Chanock, Stephen J., Lissowska, Jolanta, Sherman, Mark E., Hall, Per, Schoof, Nils, Hooning, Maartje, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Oldenburg, Rogier A., Tilanus-Linthorst, Madeleine, Liu, Jianjun, Cox, Angie, Brock, Ian W., Reed, Malcolm W. R., Cross, Simon S., Blot, William, Signorello, Lisa B., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Dunning, Alison M., Shah, Mitul, Kang, Daehee, Noh, Dong-Young, Park, Sue K., Choi, Ji-Yeob, Hartman, Mikael, Miao, Hui, Lim, Wei Yen, Tang, Anthony, Hamann, Ute, Försti, Asta, Ruediger, Thomas, Ulmer, Hans Ulrich, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, Durda, Katarzyna, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Gaborieau, Valerie, Brennan, Paul, Mckay, James, Slager, Susan, Toland, Amanda E., Vachon, Celine, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Shen, Chen-Yang, Yu, Jyh-Cherng, Huang, Chiun-Sheng, Hou, Ming-Feng, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Tessier, Daniel C., Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, Francois, Luccarini, Craig, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Jean, Easton, Douglas F., Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Dowsett, Mitch, Ashworth, Alan, Swerdlow, Anthony J., Peto, Julian, Silva, Isabel dos Santos, Fletcher, Olivia, Johnson, Nichola, Dudbridge, Frank, Orr, Nick, Gibson, Lorna, Jones, Michael E., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Folkerd, Elizabeth J., Haynes, Ben P., Hopper, John L., Southey, Melissa C., Dite, Gillian S., Apicella, Carmel, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Broeks, Annegien, Van't Veer, Laura J., Atsma, Femke, Muir, Kenneth, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Fasching, Peter A., Beckmann, Matthias W., Ekici, Arif B., Renner, Stefan P., Sawyer, Elinor, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael, Miller, Nicola, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Guenel, Pascal, Truong, Therese, Cordina, Emilie, Menegaux, Florence, Bojesen, Stig E., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Flyger, Henrik, Milne, Roger, Zamora, M. Pilar, Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio, Benitez, Javier, Bernstein, Leslie, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Dur, Christina Clarke, Brenner, Hermann, Mueller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Dieffenbach, Aida Karina, Meindl, Alfons, Heil, Joerg, Bartram, Claus R., Schmutzler, Rita K., Brauch, Hiltrud, Justenhoven, Christina, Ko, Yon-Dschun, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A., Aittomaeki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Matsuo, Keitaro, Doerk, Thilo, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Antonenkova, Natalia N., Lindblom, Annika, Mannermaa, Arto, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Beesley, Jonathan, Wu, Anna H., Van den Berg, David, Tseng, Chiu-Chen, Lambrechts, Diether, Smeets, Dominiek, Neven, Patrick, Wildiers, Hans, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Rudolph, Anja, Nickels, Stefan, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Radice, Paolo, Peterlongo, Paolo, Bonanni, Bernardo, Pensotti, Valeria, Couch, Fergus J., Olson, Janet E., Wang, Xianshu, Fredericksen, Zachary, Pankratz, Vernon S., Giles, Graham G., Severi, Gianluca, Baglietto, Laura, Haiman, Chris, Simard, Jacques, Goldberg, Mark S., Labreche, France, Dumont, Martine, Soucy, Penny, Teo, Soo, Yip, Cheng Har, Phuah, Sze Yee, Cornes, Belinda K., Kristensen, Vessela N., Alnaes, Grethe Grenaker, Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, Zheng, Wei, Winqvist, Robert, Pylkaes, Katri, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Grip, Mervi, Andrulis, Irene L., Knight, Julia A., Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Devillee, Peter, Figueroa, Jonine, Chanock, Stephen J., Lissowska, Jolanta, Sherman, Mark E., Hall, Per, Schoof, Nils, Hooning, Maartje, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Oldenburg, Rogier A., Tilanus-Linthorst, Madeleine, Liu, Jianjun, Cox, Angie, Brock, Ian W., Reed, Malcolm W. R., Cross, Simon S., Blot, William, Signorello, Lisa B., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Dunning, Alison M., Shah, Mitul, Kang, Daehee, Noh, Dong-Young, Park, Sue K., Choi, Ji-Yeob, Hartman, Mikael, Miao, Hui, Lim, Wei Yen, Tang, Anthony, Hamann, Ute, Försti, Asta, Ruediger, Thomas, Ulmer, Hans Ulrich, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna, Durda, Katarzyna, Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Gaborieau, Valerie, Brennan, Paul, Mckay, James, Slager, Susan, Toland, Amanda E., Vachon, Celine, Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Shen, Chen-Yang, Yu, Jyh-Cherng, Huang, Chiun-Sheng, Hou, Ming-Feng, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Tessier, Daniel C., Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, Francois, Luccarini, Craig, Dennis, Joe, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Jean, Easton, Douglas F., Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Dowsett, Mitch, Ashworth, Alan, Swerdlow, Anthony J., Peto, Julian, Silva, Isabel dos Santos, and Fletcher, Olivia

Abstract

Introduction: We have previously shown that a tag single nucleotide polymorphism (rs10235235), which maps to the CYP3A locus (7q22.1), was associated with a reduction in premenopausal urinary estrone glucuronide levels and a modest reduction in risk of breast cancer in women age <= 50 years. Methods: We further investigated the association of rs10235235 with breast cancer risk in a large case control study of 47,346 cases and 47,570 controls from 52 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Genotyping of rs10235235 was conducted using a custom Illumina Infinium array. Stratified analyses were conducted to determine whether this association was modified by age at diagnosis, ethnicity, age at menarche or tumor characteristics. Results: We confirmed the association of rs10235235 with breast cancer risk for women of European ancestry but found no evidence that this association differed with age at diagnosis. Heterozygote and homozygote odds ratios (ORs) were OR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.94, 1.01; P = 0.2) and OR = 0.80 (95% CI 0.69, 0.93; P = 0.004), respectively (P-trend = 0.02). There was no evidence of effect modification by tumor characteristics. rs10235235 was, however, associated with age at menarche in controls (P-trend = 0.005) but not cases (P-trend = 0.97). Consequently the association between rs10235235 and breast cancer risk differed according to age at menarche (P-het = 0.02); the rare allele of rs10235235 was associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk for women who had their menarche age >= 15 years (ORhet = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75, 0.94; ORhom = 0.81, 95% CI 0.51, 1.30; P-trend = 0.002) but not for those who had their menarche age <= 11 years (ORhet = 1.06, 95% CI 0.95, 1.19, ORhom = 1.07, 95% CI 0.67, 1.72; P-trend = 0.29). Conclusions: To our knowledge rs10235235 is the first single nucleotide polymorphism to be associated with both breast cancer risk and age at menarche consistent with the well-documented association between later age

Published
2014

186. Multi-scale modelling of elastic properties of balsa.

Author

Malek, Sardar and Gibson, Lorna J

Subjects
*ELASTICITY, *ELASTIC modulus, *GEOMETRY, *STIFFNESS (Mechanics), *PHYSICS experiments
Abstract

The hierarchical structure of the hardwood balsa ( Ochroma pyramidale ) is modelled sequentially at various length scales to describe the contribution of each to its elastic moduli. The model takes into account the main features of the microstructure at each length scale, including the orthotropic properties of cellulose microfibrils, the microfibrillar angle, the thickness of cell wall layers, as well as the geometry and arrangement of the cells: the rays, fibres and vessels. Similar to some multi-scale models proposed for softwoods, at each length scale, a representative unit cell of the material is identified and the effective stiffness matrix is determined using finite element analysis with appropriate periodic boundary conditions. A comprehensive search in the literature was conducted to obtain input values for the model. The results of the model, over a wide range of densities, gives a good description of experimentally measured values. The model highlights the significance of cellulose crystallinity, microfibrillar angle and the ray and fibre cell geometries (including the density) in determining the overall elastic constants of balsa. In the future, the model can be used as a tool to design lightweight cellular composites with optimized cell wall composition and cell geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

187. Architected cellular ceramics with tailored stiffness via direct foam writing.

Author

Muth, Joseph T., Woish, Logan, Lewis, Jennifer A., Dixon, Patrick G., and Gibson, Lorna J.

Subjects
CELLULAR ceramics, CERAMICS in architecture, FOAM, THREE-dimensional printing, POROUS materials, TESTING
Abstract

Hierarchical cellular structures are ubiquitous in nature because of their low-density, high-specific properties, and multifunctionality. Inspired by these systems, we created lightweight ceramic architectures composed of closed-cell porous struts patterned in the form of hexagonal and triangular honeycombs by direct foam writing. The foam ink contains bubbles stabilized by attractive colloidal particles suspended in an aqueous solution. The printed and sintered ceramic foam honeycombs possess low relative density (~6%). By tailoring their microstructure and geometry, we created honeycombs with different modes of deformation, exceptional specific stiffness, and stiffness values that span over an order of magnitude. This capability represents an important step toward the scalable fabrication of hierarchical porous materials for applications, including lightweight structures, thermal insulation, tissue scaffolds, catalyst supports, and electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

188. Is “Sexual Competence” at First Heterosexual Intercourse Associated With Subsequent Sexual Health Status?

Author

Palmer, Melissa J., Clarke, Lynda, Ploubidis, George B., Mercer, Catherine H., Gibson, Lorna J., Johnson, Anne M., Copas, Andrew J., and Wellings, Kaye

Subjects
SEXUAL intercourse, ETHICS, HETEROSEXUALS, PHYSIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, HUMAN sexuality
Abstract

The timing of first sexual intercourse is often defined in terms of chronological age, with particular focus on “early” first sex. Arguments can be made for a more nuanced concept of readiness and appropriateness of timing of first intercourse. Using data from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3), conducted in 2010–2012, this study examined whether a context-based measure of first intercourse—termedsexual competence—was associated with subsequent sexual health in a population-based sample of 17-to 24-year-olds residing in Britain (n = 2,784). Participants were classified as “sexually competent” at first intercourse if they reported the following four criteria: contraceptive protection, autonomy of decision (not due to external influences), that both partners were “equally willing,” and that it happened at the “right time.” A lack of sexual competence at first intercourse was independently associated with testing positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) at interview; low sexual function in the past year; and among women only, reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis ever; unplanned pregnancy in the past year; and having ever experienced nonvolitional sex. These findings provide empirical support for defining the nature of first intercourse with reference to contextual aspects of the experience, as opposed to a sole focus on chronological age at occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

194. Multiple independent variants at the TERT locus are associated with telomere length and risks of breast and ovarian cancer

Author

Bojesen, Stig E., Pooley, Karen A., Johnatty, Sharon E., Beesley, Jonathan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Edwards, Stacey L., Pickett, Hilda A., Shen, Howard C., Smart, Chanel E., Hillman, Kristine M., Mai, Phuong L., Lawrenson, Kate, Stutz, Michael D., Lu, Yi, Karevan, Rod, Woods, Nicholas, Johnstonw, Rebecca L., French, Juliet D., Chen, Xiaoqing, Weischer, Maren, Nielsen, Sune F., Maranian, Melanie J., Ghoussaini, Maya, Ahmed, Shahana, Baynes, Caroline, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, McGuffog, Lesley, Barrowdale, Daniel, Lee, Andrew, Healey, Sue, Lush, Michael, Tessier, Daniel C., Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, Francis, Vergote, Ignace, Lambrechts, Sandrina, Despierre, Evelyn, Risch, Harvey A., Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Rossing, Mary Anne, Pita, Guillermo, Doherty, Jennifer A., Alvarez, Nuria, Larson, Melissa C., Fridley, Brooke L., Schoof, Nils, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cicek, Mine S., Peto, Julian, Kalli, Kimberly R., Broeks, Annegien, Armasu, Sebastian M., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Braaf, Linde M., Winterhoff, Boris, Nevanlinna, Heli, Konecny, Gottfried E., Lambrechts, Diether, Rogmann, Lisa, Guenel, Pascal, Teoman, Attila, Milne, Roger L., Garcia, Joaquin J., Cox, Angela, Shridhar, Vijayalakshmi, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Hein, Rebecca, Sawyer, Elinor J., Haiman, Christopher A., Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Andrulis, Irene L., Moysich, Kirsten B., Hopper, John L., Odunsi, Kunle, Lindblom, Annika, Giles, Graham G., Brenner, Hermann, Simard, Jacques, Lurie, Galina, Fasching, Peter A., Carney, Michael E., Radice, Paolo, Wilkens, Lynne R., Swerdlow, Anthony, Goodman, Marc T., Brauch, Hiltrud, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Hillemanns, Peter, Winqvist, Robert, Durst, Matthias, Devilee, Peter, Runnebaum, Ingo, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Butzow, Ralf, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Doerk, Thilo, Pelttari, Liisa M., Zheng, Wei, Leminen, Arto, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Bunker, Clareann H., Kristensen, Vessela, Ness, Roberta B., Muir, Kenneth, Edwards, Robert, Meindl, Alfons, Heitz, Florian, Matsuo, Keitaro, du Bois, Andreas, Wu, Anna H., Harter, Philipp, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Schwaab, Ira, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Blot, William, Hosono, Satoyo, Kang, Daehee, Nakanishi, Toru, Hartman, Mikael, Yatabe, Yasushi, Hamann, Ute, Karlan, Beth Y., Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Kjaer, Susanne Kruger, Gaborieau, Valerie, Jensen, Allan, Eccles, Diana, Hogdall, Estrid, Shen, Chen-Yang, Brown, Judith, Woo, Yin Ling, Shah, Mitul, Azmi, Mat Adenan Noor, Luben, Robert, Omar, Siti Zawiah, Czene, Kamila, Vierkant, Robert A., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Flyger, Henrik, Vachon, Celine, Olson, Janet E., Wang, Xianshu, Levine, Douglas A., Rudolph, Anja, Weber, Rachel Palmieri, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Iversen, Edwin, Nickels, Stefan, Schildkraut, Joellen M., Silva, Isabel Dos Santos, Cramer, Daniel W., Gibson, Lorna, Terry, Kathryn L., Fletcher, Olivia, Vitonis, Allison F., van der Schoot, C. Ellen, Poole, Elizabeth M., Hogervorst, Frans B. L., Tworoger, Shelley S., Liu, Jianjun, Bandera, Elisa V., Li, Jingmei, Olson, Sara H., Humphreys, Keith, Row, Irene, Blomqvist, Carl, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Lorna, Aittomaki, Kristiina, Salvesen, Helga B., Muranen, Taru A., Wik, Elisabeth, Brouwers, Barbara, Krakstad, Camilla, Wauters, Els, Halle, Mari K., Wildiers, Hans, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Mulot, Claire, Aben, Katja K., Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Altena, Anne Mvan, Truong, Therese, Massuger, Leon F. A. G., Benitez, Javier, Pejovic, Tanja, Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio, Hoatlin, Maureen, Zamora, M. Pilar, Cook, Linda S., Balasubramanian, Sabapathy P., Kelemen, Linda E., Schneeweiss, Andreas, Le, Nhu D., Sohn, Christof, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J., Miller, Nicola, Cybulski, Cezary, Henderson, Brian E., Menkiszak, Janusz, Schumacher, Fredrick, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Marchand, Loic Le, Yang, Hannah P., Mulligan, Anna Marie, Glendon, Gord, Engelholm, Svend Aage, Knight, Julia A., Hogdall, Claus K., Apicella, Carmel, Gore, Martin, Tsimiklis, Helen, Song, Honglin, Southey, Melissa C., Jager, Agnes, den Ouweland, Ans M. Wvan, Brown, Robert, Martens, John W. M., Flanagan, James M., Kriege, Mieke, Paul, James, Margolin, Sara, Siddiqui, Nadeem, Severi, Gianluca, Whittemore, Alice S., Baglietto, Laura, McGuire, Valerie, Stegmaier, Christa, Sieh, Weiva, Mueller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Labreche, France, Gao, Yu-Tang, Goldberg, Mark S., Yang, Gong, Dumont, Martine, McLaughlin, John R., Hartmann, Arndt, Ekici, Arif B., Beckmann, Matthias W., Phelan, Catherine M., Lux, Michael P., Permuth-Wey, Jenny, Peissel, Bernard, Sellers, Thomas A., Ficarazzi, Filomena, Barile, Monica, Ziogas, Argyrios, Ashworth, Alan, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Jones, Michael, Ramus, Susan J., Orr, Nick, Menon, Usha, Pearce, Celeste L., Bruening, Thomas, Pike, Malcolm C., Ko, Yon-Dschun, Lissowska, Jolanta, Figueroa, Jonine, Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Chanock, Stephen J., Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Agnieszka, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Rzepecka, Iwona K., Pylkas, Katri, Bidzinski, Mariusz, Kauppila, Saila, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Seynaeve, Caroline, Tollenaar, Rob A. E. M., Durda, Katarzyna, Jaworska, Katarzyna, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kataja, Vesa, Antonenkova, Natalia N., Long, Jirong, Shrubsole, Martha, Deming-Halverson, Sandra, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Siriwanarangsan, Pornthep, Stewart-Brown, Sarah, Ditsch, Nina, Lichtner, Peter, Schmutzler, Rita K., Ito, Hidemi, Iwata, Hiroji, Tajima, Kazuo, Tseng, Chiu-Chen, Stram, Daniel O., van den Berg, David, Yip, Cheng Har, Ikrarn, M. Kamran, Teh, Yew-Ching, Cai, Hui, Lu, Wei, Signorello, Lisa B., Cai, Qiuyin, Noh, Dong-Young, Yoo, Keun-Young, Miao, Hui, Iau, Philip Tsau-Choong, Teo, Yik Ying, McKay, James, Shapiro, Charles, Ademuyiwa, Foluso, Fountzilas, George, Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Yu, Jyh-Cherng, Hou, Ming-Feng, Healey, Catherine S., Luccarini, Craig, Peock, Susan, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Peterlongo, Paolo, Rebbeck, Timothy R., Piedmonte, Marion, Singer, Christian F., Friedman, Eitan, Thomassen, Mads, Offit, Kenneth, Hansen, Thomas V. O., Neuhausen, Susan L., Szabo, Csilla I., Blanco, Ignacio, Garber, Judy, Narod, Steven A., Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Montagna, Marco, Olah, Edith, Godwin, Andrew K., Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Goldgar, David E., Caldes, Trinidad, Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Tihomirova, Laima, Arun, Banu K., Campbell, Ian, Mensenkamp, Arjen R., van Asperen, Christi J., van Roozendaa, Kees E. P., Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Collee, J. Margriet, Oosterwijk, Jan C., Hooning, Maartje J., Rookus, Matti A., van der Luijt, Rob B., Os, Theo A. Mvan, Evans, D. Gareth, Frost, Debra, Fineberg, Elena, Barwell, Julian, Walker, Lisa, Kennedy, M. John, Platte, Radka, Davidson, Rosemarie, Ellis, Steve D., Cole, Trevor, Bressac-de Paillerets, Brigitte, Buecher, Bruno, Damiola, Francesca, Faivre, Laurence, Frenay, Marc, Sinilnikova, Olga M., Caron, Olivier, Giraud, Sophie, Mazoyer, Sylvie, Bonadona, Valerie, Caux-Moncoutier, Virginie, Toloczko-Grabarek, Aleksandra, Gronwald, Jacek, Byrski, Tomasz, Spurdle, Amanda B., Bonanni, Bernardo, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Giannini, Giuseppe, Bernard, Loris, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Manoukian, Siranoush, Arnold, Norbert, Engel, Christoph, Deissler, Helmut, Rhiem, Kerstin, Niederacher, Dieter, Pendl, Hansjoerg, Sutter, Christian, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Borg, Ake, Mein, Beatrice, Rantala, Johanna, Soller, Maria, Nathanson, Katherine L., Domchek, Susan M., Rodriguez, Gustavo C., Salani, Ritu, Kaulich, Daphne Gschwantler, Tea, Muy-Kheng, Paluch, Shani Shimon, Laitman, Yael, Skytte, Anne-Bine, Kruse, Torben A., Jensen, Uffe Birk, Robson, Mark, Gerdes, Anne-Marie, Ejlertsen, Bent, Foretova, Lenka, Savage, Sharon A., Lesterm, Jenny, Soucy, Penny, Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., Olswold, Curtis, Cunningham, Julie M., Slager, Susan, Pankratz, Vernon S., Dicks, Ed, Lakhani, Sunil R., Couch, Fergus J., Hall, Per, Monteiro, Alvaro N. A., Gayther, Simon A., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Reddel, Roger R., Goode, Ellen L., Greene, Mark H., Easton, Douglas F., Berchuck, Andrew, Antoniou, Antonis C., Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Dunning, Alison M., Bojesen, Stig E., Pooley, Karen A., Johnatty, Sharon E., Beesley, Jonathan, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Edwards, Stacey L., Pickett, Hilda A., Shen, Howard C., Smart, Chanel E., Hillman, Kristine M., Mai, Phuong L., Lawrenson, Kate, Stutz, Michael D., Lu, Yi, Karevan, Rod, Woods, Nicholas, Johnstonw, Rebecca L., French, Juliet D., Chen, Xiaoqing, Weischer, Maren, Nielsen, Sune F., Maranian, Melanie J., Ghoussaini, Maya, Ahmed, Shahana, Baynes, Caroline, Bolla, Manjeet K., Wang, Qin, Dennis, Joe, McGuffog, Lesley, Barrowdale, Daniel, Lee, Andrew, Healey, Sue, Lush, Michael, Tessier, Daniel C., Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, Francis, Vergote, Ignace, Lambrechts, Sandrina, Despierre, Evelyn, Risch, Harvey A., Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Rossing, Mary Anne, Pita, Guillermo, Doherty, Jennifer A., Alvarez, Nuria, Larson, Melissa C., Fridley, Brooke L., Schoof, Nils, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Cicek, Mine S., Peto, Julian, Kalli, Kimberly R., Broeks, Annegien, Armasu, Sebastian M., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Braaf, Linde M., Winterhoff, Boris, Nevanlinna, Heli, Konecny, Gottfried E., Lambrechts, Diether, Rogmann, Lisa, Guenel, Pascal, Teoman, Attila, Milne, Roger L., Garcia, Joaquin J., Cox, Angela, Shridhar, Vijayalakshmi, Burwinkel, Barbara, Marme, Frederik, Hein, Rebecca, Sawyer, Elinor J., Haiman, Christopher A., Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Andrulis, Irene L., Moysich, Kirsten B., Hopper, John L., Odunsi, Kunle, Lindblom, Annika, Giles, Graham G., Brenner, Hermann, Simard, Jacques, Lurie, Galina, Fasching, Peter A., Carney, Michael E., Radice, Paolo, Wilkens, Lynne R., Swerdlow, Anthony, Goodman, Marc T., Brauch, Hiltrud, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Hillemanns, Peter, Winqvist, Robert, Durst, Matthias, Devilee, Peter, Runnebaum, Ingo, Jakubowska, Anna, Lubinski, Jan, Mannermaa, Arto, Butzow, Ralf, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Doerk, Thilo, Pelttari, Liisa M., Zheng, Wei, Leminen, Arto, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Bunker, Clareann H., Kristensen, Vessela, Ness, Roberta B., Muir, Kenneth, Edwards, Robert, Meindl, Alfons, Heitz, Florian, Matsuo, Keitaro, du Bois, Andreas, Wu, Anna H., Harter, Philipp, Teo, Soo-Hwang, Schwaab, Ira, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Blot, William, Hosono, Satoyo, Kang, Daehee, Nakanishi, Toru, Hartman, Mikael, Yatabe, Yasushi, Hamann, Ute, Karlan, Beth Y., Sangrajrang, Suleeporn, Kjaer, Susanne Kruger, Gaborieau, Valerie, Jensen, Allan, Eccles, Diana, Hogdall, Estrid, Shen, Chen-Yang, Brown, Judith, Woo, Yin Ling, Shah, Mitul, Azmi, Mat Adenan Noor, Luben, Robert, Omar, Siti Zawiah, Czene, Kamila, Vierkant, Robert A., Nordestgaard, Borge G., Flyger, Henrik, Vachon, Celine, Olson, Janet E., Wang, Xianshu, Levine, Douglas A., Rudolph, Anja, Weber, Rachel Palmieri, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Iversen, Edwin, Nickels, Stefan, Schildkraut, Joellen M., Silva, Isabel Dos Santos, Cramer, Daniel W., Gibson, Lorna, Terry, Kathryn L., Fletcher, Olivia, Vitonis, Allison F., van der Schoot, C. Ellen, Poole, Elizabeth M., Hogervorst, Frans B. L., Tworoger, Shelley S., Liu, Jianjun, Bandera, Elisa V., Li, Jingmei, Olson, Sara H., Humphreys, Keith, Row, Irene, Blomqvist, Carl, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Lorna, Aittomaki, Kristiina, Salvesen, Helga B., Muranen, Taru A., Wik, Elisabeth, Brouwers, Barbara, Krakstad, Camilla, Wauters, Els, Halle, Mari K., Wildiers, Hans, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Mulot, Claire, Aben, Katja K., Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Altena, Anne Mvan, Truong, Therese, Massuger, Leon F. A. G., Benitez, Javier, Pejovic, Tanja, Arias Perez, Jose Ignacio, Hoatlin, Maureen, Zamora, M. Pilar, Cook, Linda S., Balasubramanian, Sabapathy P., Kelemen, Linda E., Schneeweiss, Andreas, Le, Nhu D., Sohn, Christof, Brooks-Wilson, Angela, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J., Miller, Nicola, Cybulski, Cezary, Henderson, Brian E., Menkiszak, Janusz, Schumacher, Fredrick, Wentzensen, Nicolas, Marchand, Loic Le, Yang, Hannah P., Mulligan, Anna Marie, Glendon, Gord, Engelholm, Svend Aage, Knight, Julia A., Hogdall, Claus K., Apicella, Carmel, Gore, Martin, Tsimiklis, Helen, Song, Honglin, Southey, Melissa C., Jager, Agnes, den Ouweland, Ans M. Wvan, Brown, Robert, Martens, John W. M., Flanagan, James M., Kriege, Mieke, Paul, James, Margolin, Sara, Siddiqui, Nadeem, Severi, Gianluca, Whittemore, Alice S., Baglietto, Laura, McGuire, Valerie, Stegmaier, Christa, Sieh, Weiva, Mueller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Labreche, France, Gao, Yu-Tang, Goldberg, Mark S., Yang, Gong, Dumont, Martine, McLaughlin, John R., Hartmann, Arndt, Ekici, Arif B., Beckmann, Matthias W., Phelan, Catherine M., Lux, Michael P., Permuth-Wey, Jenny, Peissel, Bernard, Sellers, Thomas A., Ficarazzi, Filomena, Barile, Monica, Ziogas, Argyrios, Ashworth, Alan, Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra, Jones, Michael, Ramus, Susan J., Orr, Nick, Menon, Usha, Pearce, Celeste L., Bruening, Thomas, Pike, Malcolm C., Ko, Yon-Dschun, Lissowska, Jolanta, Figueroa, Jonine, Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta, Chanock, Stephen J., Dansonka-Mieszkowska, Agnieszka, Jukkola-Vuorinen, Arja, Rzepecka, Iwona K., Pylkas, Katri, Bidzinski, Mariusz, Kauppila, Saila, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Seynaeve, Caroline, Tollenaar, Rob A. E. M., Durda, Katarzyna, Jaworska, Katarzyna, Hartikainen, Jaana M., Kosma, Veli-Matti, Kataja, Vesa, Antonenkova, Natalia N., Long, Jirong, Shrubsole, Martha, Deming-Halverson, Sandra, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Siriwanarangsan, Pornthep, Stewart-Brown, Sarah, Ditsch, Nina, Lichtner, Peter, Schmutzler, Rita K., Ito, Hidemi, Iwata, Hiroji, Tajima, Kazuo, Tseng, Chiu-Chen, Stram, Daniel O., van den Berg, David, Yip, Cheng Har, Ikrarn, M. Kamran, Teh, Yew-Ching, Cai, Hui, Lu, Wei, Signorello, Lisa B., Cai, Qiuyin, Noh, Dong-Young, Yoo, Keun-Young, Miao, Hui, Iau, Philip Tsau-Choong, Teo, Yik Ying, McKay, James, Shapiro, Charles, Ademuyiwa, Foluso, Fountzilas, George, Hsiung, Chia-Ni, Yu, Jyh-Cherng, Hou, Ming-Feng, Healey, Catherine S., Luccarini, Craig, Peock, Susan, Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique, Peterlongo, Paolo, Rebbeck, Timothy R., Piedmonte, Marion, Singer, Christian F., Friedman, Eitan, Thomassen, Mads, Offit, Kenneth, Hansen, Thomas V. O., Neuhausen, Susan L., Szabo, Csilla I., Blanco, Ignacio, Garber, Judy, Narod, Steven A., Weitzel, Jeffrey N., Montagna, Marco, Olah, Edith, Godwin, Andrew K., Yannoukakos, Drakoulis, Goldgar, David E., Caldes, Trinidad, Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Tihomirova, Laima, Arun, Banu K., Campbell, Ian, Mensenkamp, Arjen R., van Asperen, Christi J., van Roozendaa, Kees E. P., Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Collee, J. Margriet, Oosterwijk, Jan C., Hooning, Maartje J., Rookus, Matti A., van der Luijt, Rob B., Os, Theo A. Mvan, Evans, D. Gareth, Frost, Debra, Fineberg, Elena, Barwell, Julian, Walker, Lisa, Kennedy, M. John, Platte, Radka, Davidson, Rosemarie, Ellis, Steve D., Cole, Trevor, Bressac-de Paillerets, Brigitte, Buecher, Bruno, Damiola, Francesca, Faivre, Laurence, Frenay, Marc, Sinilnikova, Olga M., Caron, Olivier, Giraud, Sophie, Mazoyer, Sylvie, Bonadona, Valerie, Caux-Moncoutier, Virginie, Toloczko-Grabarek, Aleksandra, Gronwald, Jacek, Byrski, Tomasz, Spurdle, Amanda B., Bonanni, Bernardo, Zaffaroni, Daniela, Giannini, Giuseppe, Bernard, Loris, Dolcetti, Riccardo, Manoukian, Siranoush, Arnold, Norbert, Engel, Christoph, Deissler, Helmut, Rhiem, Kerstin, Niederacher, Dieter, Pendl, Hansjoerg, Sutter, Christian, Wappenschmidt, Barbara, Borg, Ake, Mein, Beatrice, Rantala, Johanna, Soller, Maria, Nathanson, Katherine L., Domchek, Susan M., Rodriguez, Gustavo C., Salani, Ritu, Kaulich, Daphne Gschwantler, Tea, Muy-Kheng, Paluch, Shani Shimon, Laitman, Yael, Skytte, Anne-Bine, Kruse, Torben A., Jensen, Uffe Birk, Robson, Mark, Gerdes, Anne-Marie, Ejlertsen, Bent, Foretova, Lenka, Savage, Sharon A., Lesterm, Jenny, Soucy, Penny, Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B., Olswold, Curtis, Cunningham, Julie M., Slager, Susan, Pankratz, Vernon S., Dicks, Ed, Lakhani, Sunil R., Couch, Fergus J., Hall, Per, Monteiro, Alvaro N. A., Gayther, Simon A., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Reddel, Roger R., Goode, Ellen L., Greene, Mark H., Easton, Douglas F., Berchuck, Andrew, Antoniou, Antonis C., Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, and Dunning, Alison M.

Abstract

TERT-locus SNPs and leukocyte telomere measures are reportedly associated with risks of multiple cancers. Using the Illumina custom genotyping array iCOG, we analyzed similar to 480 SNPs at the TERT locus in breast (n = 103,991), ovarian (n = 39,774) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (n = 11,705) cancer cases and controls. Leukocyte telomere measurements were also available for 53,724 participants. Most associations cluster into three independent peaks. The minor allele at the peak 1 SNP rs2736108 associates with longer telomeres (P = 5.8 x 10(-7)), lower risks for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (P = 1.0 x 10(-8)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.1 x 10(-5)) breast cancers and altered promoter assay signal. The minor allele at the peak 2 SNP rs7705526 associates with longer telomeres (P = 2.3 x 10(-14)), higher risk of low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer (P = 1.3 x 10(-15)) and greater promoter activity. The minor alleles at the peak 3 SNPs rs10069690 and rs2242652 increase ER-negative (P = 1.2 x 10(-12)) and BRCA1 mutation carrier (P = 1.6 x 10-14) breast and invasive ovarian (P = 1.3 x 10(-11)) cancer risks but not via altered telomere length. The cancer risk alleles of rs2242652 and rs10069690, respectively, increase silencing and generate a truncated TERT splice variant.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

195. Breastfeeding: A Potential Excretion Route for Mothers and Implications for Infant Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Acids

Author

Mondal, Debapriya, Mondal, Debapriya, Weldon, Rosana H, Armstrong, Ben G, Gibson, Lorna J, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Fletcher, Tony, Mondal, Debapriya, Mondal, Debapriya, Weldon, Rosana H, Armstrong, Ben G, Gibson, Lorna J, Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-Jose, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, and Fletcher, Tony

Abstract

Background: The presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in breast milk has been documented, but their lactational transfer has been rarely studied. Determination of the elimination rates of, these chemicals during breastfeeding is important and critical for assessing exposure in mothers, and infants., O b jectives: We aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding and maternal serum, concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic, acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS). For a subset of the population, for, whom we also have their infants' measurements, we investigated associations of breastfeeding with, infant serum PFAA concentrations., Methods: The present analysis included 633 women from the C8 Science Panel Study who had, a child < 3.5 years of age and who provided blood samples and reported detailed information on, breastfeeding at the time of survey. PFAA serum concentrations were available for all mothers and, 8% (n=49) of the infants. Maternal and infant serum concentrations were regressed on duration of, breastfeeding. R esults: Each month of breastfeeding was associated with lower maternal serum concentrations, of PFOA (-3%, 95% CI:-5, -2%), PFOS (-3%, 95% CI:-3, -2%), PFNA (-2%, 95% CI, -2, -1%), and PFHxS (-1%, 95% CI:-2, 0%). The infant PFOA and PFOS serum concentrations, were 6% (95% CI: 1, 10%) and 4% (95% CI: 1, 7%) higher per month of breastfeeding., C onclusions: Breast milk is the optimal food for infants, but is also a PFAA excretion route for, lactating mothers and exposure route for nursing infants.

Published
2013

196. The structure and mechanics of nanofibrillar cellulose foams

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Ali, Zubaidah Mohammed, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, and Ali, Zubaidah Mohammed

Abstract

Author's final manuscript November 19, 2002, Crystalline nanofibrillar cellulose has remarkable mechanical properties: a Young's modulus of about 130 GPa and a tensile strength in the range of 750–1000 MPa. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploiting these exceptional properties in engineering composites and foams. Here, we compare measurements of the mechanical properties of nanofibrillar cellulose composites and foams with their potential properties based on models for composites and foams. We find that current NFC foams do not yet reach their potential and suggest modifications to their microstructure for improved mechanical performance., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (United States. Army Research Office), America-Mideast Educational & Training Services

Published
2013

197. Evidence of GeneâEnvironment Interactions between Common Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci and Established Environmental Risk Factors

Author

Nickels, Stefan, Nickels, Stefan, Truong, Thérèse, Hein, Rebecca, Stevens, Kristen, Buck, Katharina, Behrens, Sabine, Eilber, Ursula, Schmidt, Martina, Häberle, Lothar, Vrieling, Alina, Gaudet, Mia, Figueroa, Jonine, Schoof, Nils, Spurdle, Amanda B, Rudolph, Anja, Fasching, Peter A, Hopper, John L, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F, Southey, Melissa C, Beckmann, Matthias W, Ekici, Arif B, Fletcher, Olivia, Gibson, Lorna, dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Peto, Julian, Humphreys, Manjeet K, Wang, Jean, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Menegaux, Florence, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Bojesen, Stig E, Lanng, Charlotte, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Bernstein, Leslie, Clarke, Christina A, Brenner, Hermann, Müller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Stegmaier, Christa, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brüning, Thomas, Harth, Volker, GENICA Network, The, Mannermaa, Arto, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M, kConFab, The, Group, AOCS Management, Lambrechts, Diether, Smeets, Dominiek, Neven, Patrick, Paridaens, Robert, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Obi, Nadia, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Vachon, Celine M, Giles, Graham G, Severi, Gianluca, Baglietto, Laura, Offit, Kenneth, John, Esther M, Miron, Alexander, Andrulis, Irene L, Knight, Julia A, Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Chanock, Stephen J, Lissowska, Jolanta, Liu, Jianjun, Cox, Angela, Cramp, Helen, Connley, Dan, Balasubramanian, Sabapathy, Dunning, Alison M, Shah, Mitul, Trentham-Dietz, Amy, Newcomb, Polly, Titus, Linda, Egan, Kathleen, Cahoon, Elizabeth K, Rajaraman, Preetha, Sigurdson, Alice J, Doody, Michele M, Guénel, Pascal, Pharoah, Paul D. P, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Hall, Per, Easton, Doug F, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Milne, Roger L, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Horwitz, Marshall S, Nickels, Stefan, Nickels, Stefan, Truong, Thérèse, Hein, Rebecca, Stevens, Kristen, Buck, Katharina, Behrens, Sabine, Eilber, Ursula, Schmidt, Martina, Häberle, Lothar, Vrieling, Alina, Gaudet, Mia, Figueroa, Jonine, Schoof, Nils, Spurdle, Amanda B, Rudolph, Anja, Fasching, Peter A, Hopper, John L, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F, Southey, Melissa C, Beckmann, Matthias W, Ekici, Arif B, Fletcher, Olivia, Gibson, Lorna, dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Peto, Julian, Humphreys, Manjeet K, Wang, Jean, Cordina-Duverger, Emilie, Menegaux, Florence, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Bojesen, Stig E, Lanng, Charlotte, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Ziogas, Argyrios, Bernstein, Leslie, Clarke, Christina A, Brenner, Hermann, Müller, Heiko, Arndt, Volker, Stegmaier, Christa, Brauch, Hiltrud, Brüning, Thomas, Harth, Volker, GENICA Network, The, Mannermaa, Arto, Kataja, Vesa, Kosma, Veli-Matti, Hartikainen, Jaana M, kConFab, The, Group, AOCS Management, Lambrechts, Diether, Smeets, Dominiek, Neven, Patrick, Paridaens, Robert, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Obi, Nadia, Wang-Gohrke, Shan, Couch, Fergus J, Olson, Janet E, Vachon, Celine M, Giles, Graham G, Severi, Gianluca, Baglietto, Laura, Offit, Kenneth, John, Esther M, Miron, Alexander, Andrulis, Irene L, Knight, Julia A, Glendon, Gord, Mulligan, Anna Marie, Chanock, Stephen J, Lissowska, Jolanta, Liu, Jianjun, Cox, Angela, Cramp, Helen, Connley, Dan, Balasubramanian, Sabapathy, Dunning, Alison M, Shah, Mitul, Trentham-Dietz, Amy, Newcomb, Polly, Titus, Linda, Egan, Kathleen, Cahoon, Elizabeth K, Rajaraman, Preetha, Sigurdson, Alice J, Doody, Michele M, Guénel, Pascal, Pharoah, Paul D. P, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Hall, Per, Easton, Doug F, Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, Milne, Roger L, Chang-Claude, Jenny, and Horwitz, Marshall S

Published
2013

198. The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gibson, Lorna, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Gibson, Lorna

Abstract

The cell walls in plants are made up of just four basic building blocks: cellulose (the main structural fibre of the plant kingdom) hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. Although the microstructure of plant cell walls varies in different types of plants, broadly speaking, cellulose fibres reinforce a matrix of hemicellulose and either pectin or lignin. The cellular structure of plants varies too, from the largely honeycomb-like cells of wood to the closed-cell, liquid-filled foam-like parenchyma cells of apples and potatoes and to composites of these two cellular structures, as in arborescent palm stems. The arrangement of the four basic building blocks in plant cell walls and the variations in cellular structure give rise to a remarkably wide range of mechanical properties: Young's modulus varies from 0.3 MPa in parenchyma to 30 GPa in the densest palm, while the compressive strength varies from 0.3 MPa in parenchyma to over 300 MPa in dense palm. The moduli and compressive strength of plant materials span this entire range. This study reviews the composition and microstructure of the cell wall as well as the cellular structure in three plant materials (wood, parenchyma and arborescent palm stems) to explain the wide range in mechanical properties in plants as well as their remarkable mechanical efficiency., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Matoula S. Salapatas Professorship in Materials Science and Engineering)

Published
2013

199. Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk.

Author

Michailidou, Kyriaki, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Hall, Per, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Ghoussaini, Maya, Dennis, Joe, Milne, Roger L, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dicks, Ed, Lee, Andrew, Turnbull, Clare, Rahman, Nazneen, Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration, Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Gibson, Lorna, Dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Czene, Kamila, Irwanto, Astrid, Liu, Jianjun, Waisfisz, Quinten, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Adank, Muriel, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON), van der Luijt, Rob B, Hein, Rebecca, Dahmen, Norbert, Beckman, Lars, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Lichtner, Peter, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Hofman, Albert, Hunter, David J, Chanock, Stephen J, Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, François, Tessier, Daniel C, Canisius, Sander, Wessels, Lodewyk FA, Haiman, Christopher A, Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Brown, Judith, Luccarini, Craig, Schoof, Nils, Humphreys, Keith, Li, Jingmei, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nielsen, Sune F, Flyger, Henrik, Couch, Fergus J, Wang, Xianshu, Vachon, Celine, Stevens, Kristen N, Lambrechts, Diether, Moisse, Matthieu, Paridaens, Robert, Christiaens, Marie-Rose, Rudolph, Anja, Nickels, Stefan, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Johnson, Nichola, Aitken, Zoe, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Heikkinen, Tuomas, Broeks, Annegien, Veer, Laura J Van't, van der Schoot, C Ellen, Guénel, Pascal, Truong, Thérèse, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Menegaux, Florence, Marme, Frederik, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Burwinkel, Barbara, Zamora, M Pilar, Perez, Jose Ignacio Arias, Pita, Guillermo, Alonso, M Rosario, Cox, Angela, Brock, Ian W, Cross, Simon S, Reed, Malcolm WR, Sawyer, Elinor J, Tomlinson, Ian, Kerin, Michael J, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Hall, Per, Gonzalez-Neira, Anna, Ghoussaini, Maya, Dennis, Joe, Milne, Roger L, Schmidt, Marjanka K, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Bojesen, Stig E, Bolla, Manjeet K, Wang, Qin, Dicks, Ed, Lee, Andrew, Turnbull, Clare, Rahman, Nazneen, Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration, Fletcher, Olivia, Peto, Julian, Gibson, Lorna, Dos Santos Silva, Isabel, Nevanlinna, Heli, Muranen, Taru A, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Blomqvist, Carl, Czene, Kamila, Irwanto, Astrid, Liu, Jianjun, Waisfisz, Quinten, Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne, Adank, Muriel, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON), van der Luijt, Rob B, Hein, Rebecca, Dahmen, Norbert, Beckman, Lars, Meindl, Alfons, Schmutzler, Rita K, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Lichtner, Peter, Hopper, John L, Southey, Melissa C, Makalic, Enes, Schmidt, Daniel F, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Hofman, Albert, Hunter, David J, Chanock, Stephen J, Vincent, Daniel, Bacot, François, Tessier, Daniel C, Canisius, Sander, Wessels, Lodewyk FA, Haiman, Christopher A, Shah, Mitul, Luben, Robert, Brown, Judith, Luccarini, Craig, Schoof, Nils, Humphreys, Keith, Li, Jingmei, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Nielsen, Sune F, Flyger, Henrik, Couch, Fergus J, Wang, Xianshu, Vachon, Celine, Stevens, Kristen N, Lambrechts, Diether, Moisse, Matthieu, Paridaens, Robert, Christiaens, Marie-Rose, Rudolph, Anja, Nickels, Stefan, Flesch-Janys, Dieter, Johnson, Nichola, Aitken, Zoe, Aaltonen, Kirsimari, Heikkinen, Tuomas, Broeks, Annegien, Veer, Laura J Van't, van der Schoot, C Ellen, Guénel, Pascal, Truong, Thérèse, Laurent-Puig, Pierre, Menegaux, Florence, Marme, Frederik, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Sohn, Christof, Burwinkel, Barbara, Zamora, M Pilar, Perez, Jose Ignacio Arias, Pita, Guillermo, Alonso, M Rosario, Cox, Angela, Brock, Ian W, Cross, Simon S, Reed, Malcolm WR, Sawyer, Elinor J, Tomlinson, Ian, and Kerin, Michael J

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Common variants at 27 loci have been identified as associated with susceptibility to breast cancer, and these account for ∼9% of the familial risk of the disease. We report here a meta-analysis of 9 genome-wide association studies, including 10,052 breast cancer cases and 12,575 controls of European ancestry, from which we selected 29,807 SNPs for further genotyping. These SNPs were genotyped in 45,290 cases and 41,880 controls of European ancestry from 41 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were genotyped as part of a collaborative genotyping experiment involving four consortia (Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study, COGS) and used a custom Illumina iSelect genotyping array, iCOGS, comprising more than 200,000 SNPs. We identified SNPs at 41 new breast cancer susceptibility loci at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Further analyses suggest that more than 1,000 additional loci are involved in breast cancer susceptibility.

Published
2013

200. Cell contraction forces in scaffolds with varying pore size and cell density

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Corin, Karolina A., Gibson, Lorna, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Corin, Karolina A., and Gibson, Lorna

Abstract

The contractile behavior of cells is relevant in understanding wound healing and scar formation. In tissue engineering, inhibition of the cell contractile response is critical for the regeneration of physiologically normal tissue rather than scar tissue. Previous studies have measured the contractile response of cells in a variety of conditions (e.g. on two-dimensional solid substrates, on free-floating tissue engineering scaffolds and on scaffolds under some constraint in a cell force monitor). Tissue engineering scaffolds behave mechanically like open-cell elastomeric foams: between strains of about 10 and 90%, cells progressively buckle struts in the scaffold. The contractile force required for an individual cell to buckle a strut within a scaffold has been estimated based on the strut dimensions (radius, r, and length, l) and the strut modulus, E[subscript s]. Since the buckling force varies, according to Euler's law, with r[superscript 4]/l[superscript 2], and the relative density of the scaffold varies as (r/l)[superscript 2], the cell contractile force associated with strut buckling is expected to vary with the square of the pore size for scaffolds of constant relative density. As the cell density increases, the force per cell to achieve a given strain in the scaffold is expected to decrease. Here we model the contractile response of fibroblasts by analyzing the response of a single tetrakaidecahedron to forces applied to individual struts (simulating cell contractile forces) using finite element analysis. We model tetrakaidecahedra of different strut lengths, corresponding to different scaffold pore sizes, and of varying numbers of loaded struts, corresponding to varying cell densities. We compare our numerical model with the results of free-floating contraction experiments of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) in collagen-GAG scaffolds of varying pore size and with varying cell densities., National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Training Grant T32-EB00634), Matoula S. Salapatas Professorship in Materials Science and Engineering

Published
2013

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results