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Abstract:The participial phrase [inline-graphic 01] in Mal 2:12 has been a crux interpretumsince the earliest versions of the Hebrew Bible. A comprehensive search reveals that at least ten distinct interpretations have been proposed for the obscure phrase by translators and commentators. Retroversion of ancient versions to a different Hebrew Vorlage, conjectural emendation, or various etymological and philological considerations of the homonymic verbs [inline-graphic 02] and [inline-graphic 03] (some on the basis of cognate languages) do not yield a clear understanding of how to interpret the obscure phrase. This article therefore proposes a different methodological approach. By comparing the construction [inline-graphic 04] + [inline-graphic 05] + two coordinated participles/nouns (often displaying alliteration and/or assonance) with other biblical texts, some progress is possible on discerning the meaning of this difficult phrase, even if an exact rendering remains beyond our grasp. Having established that the phrase is most likely a grammatical hendiadys, which constitutes an idiom for “offspring”—one’s own “kith and kin”—this article engages with a recent proposal for an inner-biblical allusion to Genesis 38, and the sons of Judah, [inline-graphic 06] and [inline-graphic 07].

Introduction:The use of intravitreal ranibizumabhas transformed the outcomes for thousands of patients with wet age related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Prior to its introduction, most patients with wet AMD would rapidly lose central vision. The use of intravitreal ranibizumab has been shown to reduce certifiable visual loss by about a half. Current treatment regimens with ranibizumab in wet AMD require multiple injections over several years and so it is highly relevant to review the safety record of this important drug.Areas covered:This review considers the important ocular and systemic adverse events (AE) that have been reported in the literature, particularly in the context of the pivotal clinical trials that have been performed. It also reviews the safety of other anti-VEGF drugs that are used in wet AMD, namely bevacizumab and aflibercept, and compares these drugs with ranibizumab.Expert opinion:Overall, intravitreal ranibizumab can be considered a safe and highly effective drug for patients with wet AMD. However recent concerns about retinal thinning following ranibizumab therapy, possible systemic AE associated with all anti-VEGF drugs and the occurrence of complications relating to drug preparation and delivery must be considered.

They certainly have a better track record than Volkswagen regarding human rights abuses, having offered 20,000 Afghan refugees free accommodation. Volkswagen, a company that famously used Jews as slave labour to profit during the Holocaust, recently announced that they will stop the production and suspend exports of vehicles to Russia. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the state of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which affects optical practitioners' patients. The emergence of the signs of this disease in practice is highlighted. The threat posed by the wet form of AMD to vision is downplayed. How increased monitoring of this disease might benefit patients is explored.

French rhetoricians of the seventeenth century—among them François Fénelon, Bernard Lamy, René Bary, and René Rapin—brought about a profound shift in the landscape of their discipline. Their texts call into question the centrality of rhetorical figures (part of the elocutio), the dispositio, and other artful rhetorical precepts, while placing increased emphasis on delivery (pronuntiatio). In most cases, they realized this new emphasis via one of two novel approaches: the first relied upon a Cartesian taxonomy of the passions, whereas the second sought to abandon precepts altogether in the quest for transparent, or “Natural,” representation. Even while adopting contrasting methods, representatives of both approaches were unanimous in regarding rhetoric and music as sister disciplines. Furthermore, French musicians and rhetoricians alike rejected the prevailing idea that the relationship between these disciplines was hierarchical, with rhetoric the dominant sibling. This shift helps to explain why the notion that music “imitates” the structures and conventions of rhetoric, while popular in other regions, is to be found in no French source after ca. 1640. Yet, many recent studies continue to perpetuate such hierarchies, mapping onto musical works rhetorical concepts unknown or consciously avoided in France. Relating a nuanced depiction of multiple French rhetorical practices to music-centered writings by Bacilly, La Croix, Lecerf, Grimarest, and others reveals that the very same aesthetic positions evident among rhetoric texts also shaped the era's discourse on music. More broadly, because no tradition existed in French musical discourse of articulating aesthetic matters until Lecerf's Comparaison de la musique italienne et de la musique française (1704–1706), the intersection of music and rhetoric offers a rare means of constructing an aesthetics of musical eloquence in seventeenth-century France.

Sexually antagonistic alleles are selected discordantly between the sexes. Experimental evidence indicates that sexually antagonistic fitness variation is abundant in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Theory predicts that the X chromosome will be enriched with this type of variation. To test this prediction in D. melanogaster, we sampled, and cytogenetically cloned, 20 X chromosomes and compared their fitness variation to genome–wide levels. At the juvenile stage, in which gender roles are most similar, the X chromosome made no detectable contribution to genome–wide fitness variation. At the adult stage, in which gender roles diverge, the X chromosome was estimated to harbour 45 of the genome–wide fitness variation and 97 of the genome–wide sexually antagonistic variation. This genomic structure has important implications for the process of sexual selection because X–linked sexually antagonistic variation contributes to negative intersexual heritability for fitness, i.e. high–fitness males (females) produce, on average, low–fitness daughters (sons).

• Follow-up ranging between 6 and 8 years of the survival of a cohort of 473 elderly nondiabetic subjects randomly selected from a small English town showed an age- and sex-adjusted association between nuclear cataract at the time of baseline examination and decreased survival (P=.002). Comparing those with and without nuclear cataract, the adjusted relative hazard for death was 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.99). This effect remained virtually unchanged when also adjusted for whether the subject reported ever having been a smoker.

Leicestershire is the largest health authority in ^ England, with a population in excess of 830 000 persons.1 The ophthalmic needs of this population are served by a single ophthalmic outpatient department at the Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRI), which has an estimated catchment population of 733 000.2Since September 1981, a computerized ophthalmology index for all ophthalmic patients and patients with eye casualties has been in operation at the LRI. This index has already been described with respect to the orthoptic clinic3 and the eye casualty department.4 In this report, we describe the work of the general clinic, in which mainly adult patients are seen. We thus exclude the outpatient casualty patients, the orthoptic patients, and the pediatric patients, who primarily attend special pediatric ophthalmology clinics.In the past decade, there has been a revolution in the provision of ophthalmic care in England, which has perhaps passed

The article presents answers to the questions on the topics including plenty of new medical graduates looking for training opportunities; and drawbacks of having a chronic progressive neurological disease; and medical knowledge for Parkinson's to contribute to the medical community.

The article describes a multi-focal point camera lens enclosure. The lens enclosure is a video camera device composed of a dual lens unit controlled by hardware and software that allows simultaneous multiple viewing angles. The device allows the simultaneous capture of video streams in both a telephoto and wide-angle lens format.

The article discusses the significant role that optometrists can play in identifying age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is reported that AMD affects people aged 55 or over and is the leading cause of blindness in Great Britain. AMD is an eye condition that is characterized by a loss of central vision, and although patients retain peripheral vision, the ability to see well enough to recognise faces, drive and read is affected.

Discusses sixteenth century author Lady Mary Wroth and her best-known work, the sonnet sequence "Pamphilia to Amphilanthus." Modelling of the relationship between the two characters on a long-term love affair between Wroth and her cousin William Herbert, the third Earl of Pembroke; Consideration of the manuscript version that is in the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C.; Question as to whether "Pamphilia to Amphilanthus" and Shakespeare's "Sonnets" were written about the same young man; Overview of affinities between Wroth and Shakespeare.

A review of the DVD release of the motion picture "South of the Border," directed by Oliver Stone is presented.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article about the another league of rugby football in the previous issue.

The article focuses on the effective way of addressing with returns of reverse logistics in Great Britain. It cites the introduction of waste electrical and electronic equipment directive (WEEE) in January 2007 which aims to reduce waste and improve environmental performance. WEEE attributed responsibility for the safe recovery and disposal of products to the business that places it on the market.

Two letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in the 2010 issues, including one by Nick Atkins on the Association of British Dispensing Opticians' board in the October 1 issue, and "Stamp of Gratitude," by David Baker in the September 24 issue.