369 results on '"Gericke, Christian A."'
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152. Change Management in der Integrierten Versorgung
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Güntert, Bernhard, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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153. Change Management in Krankenversicherungen
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Plate, Andreas, Siener, Frank, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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154. Fallstudie zum Controlling in Krankenhäusern: Clinical Pathways
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König, Mechthild, Appel, Dirk, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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155. Informationsmanagement und Controlling in der Arzneimittelindustrie
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Minuth, Thorsten, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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156. Informationsmanagement und Controlling in Arztpraxen und Ärztenetzen
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Sohn, Stefan, Schöffski, Oliver, Voss, Hanswerner, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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157. Informationsmanagement und Controlling in der Integrierten Versorgung
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Mühlbacher, Axel C., Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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158. Informationsmanagement und Controlling in Krankenhäusern
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Fleßa, Steffen, Weber, Wolfgang, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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159. Informationsmanagement und Controlling in Krankenversicherungen
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Moos, Gabriele, Brüggemann, Frank, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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160. Kundenmanagement in Arztpraxen und Ärztenetzen
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Weinbrenner, Susanne, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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161. Fallstudie zum Personalmanagement in Krankenversicherungen: Führungskräfteentwicklung
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König, Birgit, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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162. Fallstudien zum Leistungsmanagement in Krankenversicherungen
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Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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163. Personalmanagement in der Arzneimittelindustrie
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HR-Team Sanofi Aventis, Frankfurt, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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164. Leistungsmanagement in der Arzneimittelindustrie
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Schreyögg, Jonas, Stargardt, Tom, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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165. Kundenmanagement in Krankenhäusern
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Helmig, Bernd, Graf, Alexander, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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166. Finanzmanagement in der Arzneimittelindustrie
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Festel, Gunter, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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167. Personalmanagement in der Integrierten Versorgung
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Güntert, Bernhard, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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168. Personalmanagement in Arztpraxen und Ärztenetzen
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Kopetsch, Thomas, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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169. Personalmanagement in Krankenversicherungen
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Kötter, Paul M., Behrens, Andreas, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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170. Personalmanagement in Krankenhäusern
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Engelke, Dirk-R., Schmidt-Rettig, Barbara, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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171. Fallstudie zum Finanzmanagement in Krankenhäusern
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Krukemeyer, Manfred G., Wewel, Utz, Jürgens, Josef, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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172. Finanzmanagement in Arztpraxen und Ärztenetzen
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Greiner, Wolfgang, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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173. Finanzmanagement in der Integrierten Versorgung
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Mühlbacher, Axel, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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174. Finanzmanagement in Krankenhäusern
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Neubauer, Günter, Ujlaky, Raphael, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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175. Finanzmanagement in Krankenversicherungen
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Wasem, Jürgen, Greß, Stefan, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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176. Finanzmanagement im Gesundheitswesen — Einführung und methodische Grundlagen
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Schreyögg, Jonas, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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177. Fallstudie zum Kundenmanagement in der Arzneimittelindustrie
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Kloss, Michael, Afting, Matthias, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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178. Kundenmanagement in der Arzneimittelindustrie
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Mayer, Lars Alexander, Trommsdorff, Volker, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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179. Kundenmanagement in der Integrierten Versorgung
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Andersen, Hanfried H., Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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180. Kundenmanagement in Krankenversicherungen
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Zerres, Michael, Potratz, Anja, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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181. Leistungsmanagement in der Integrierten Versorgung
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Schreyögg, Jonas, Weinbrenner, Susanne, Busse, Reinhard, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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182. Leistungsmanagement in Arztpraxen und Ärztenetzen
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Gibis, Bernhard, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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183. Leistungsmanagement von Krankenversicherungen
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Schreyögg, Jonas, Busse, Reinhard, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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184. Leistungsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen — Einführung und methodische Grundlagen
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Busse, Reinhard, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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185. Management im Gesundheitswesen — eine Einführung in Gebiet und Buch
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Busse, Reinhard, Schreyögg, Jonas, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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186. Informationsmanagement und Controlling im Gesundheitswesen — Einführung und methodische Grundlagen
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Schreyögg, Jonas, Busse, Reinhard, editor, Schreyögg, Jonas, editor, and Gericke, Christian, editor
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- 2006
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187. Implementing a patient-initiated review system for people with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, comparative service evaluation.
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Goodwin, Victoria A., Paudyal, Priyamvada, Perry, Mark G., Day, Nikki, Hawton, Annie, Gericke, Christian, Ukoumunne, Obioha C., and Byng, Richard
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CHI-squared test , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PATIENT aftercare , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEDICAL appointments , *NURSING services , *PATIENT education , *PATIENT satisfaction , *POISSON distribution , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RHEUMATOID arthritis , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *HUMAN services programs , *PATIENT-centered care , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *MANN Whitney U Test - Abstract
Rationale, aims and objectives The management of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) usually entails regular hospital reviews with a specialist often when the patient is well rather than during a period of exacerbation. An alternative approach where patients initiate appointments when they need them can improve patient satisfaction and resource use whilst being safe. This service evaluation reports a system-wide implementation of a patient-initiated review appointment system called Direct Access ( DA) for people with RA. The aim was to establish the impact on patient satisfaction of the new system versus usual care as well as evaluate the implementation processes. Methods As all patients could not start on the new system at once, in order to manage the implementation, patients were randomly allocated to DA or to usual care. Instead of regular follow-up appointments, DA comprised an education session and access to a nurse-led telephone advice line where appointments could be accessed within two weeks. Usual care comprised routine follow-ups with the specialist. Data were collected on patient satisfaction, service use and outcomes of any contact to the advice line. Results Three hundred and eleven patients with RA were assessed as being suitable for DA. In terms of patient satisfaction, between-group differences were found in favour of DA for accessibility and convenience, ease of contacting the nurse and overall satisfaction with the service. Self-reported visits to the general practitioner were also significantly lower. DA resulted in a greater number of telephone contacts (incidence rate ratio = 1.69; 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 2.68). Hospital costs of the two different service models were similar. Mean waiting time for an appointment was 10.8 days Conclusion This service evaluation found that DA could be implemented and it demonstrated patient benefit in a real-world setting. Further research establishing the broader cost-consequences across the whole patient pathway would add to our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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188. Fracking-Frakturen: Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der unkonventionellen Erdgasentwicklung in ländlichen Gemeinden auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden
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Mactaggart, Fiona, Wilm, Quentin, Technische Universität Berlin, Busse, Reinhard, and Gericke, Christian
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ddc:300 - Abstract
Coal seam gas (CSG) is an unconventional natural gas (UNG) that is extracted from wells via coal seams, and reserves are found in Australia, the USA and the UK. Other UNG include shale and tight gas, which are sourced from different geological formations and utilise similar processes to CSG mining, and are extracted in Canada, Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Australia. In recent decades, UNG extraction has grown exponentially, with hydraulic fracturing or ‘fracking’ occurring across regional and rural landscapes and in close proximity to communities. Whilst major development projects can facilitate employment and other opportunities in surrounding communities through population growth and increased demand for services, there is evidence that negative impacts on health and wellbeing can outweigh any benefits. Commonly referred to as the ‘resource curse’, when the costs of extraction and exporting natural resources outweigh the economic benefits, the expansion of CSG activity was often met with trepidation from local communities and the broader public. There was uncertainty around the impacts and consequences of rapid development, particularly in the USA and Australia, stemming from a lack of prior experience, mixed messages in the media, perceived lack of governmental support, and little empirical evidence. Presented with the opportunity to address the gap in the literature, this research explores the broader implications of mining activity on surrounding communities, with a focus on CSG and the social determinants of health and wellbeing. The level of community interaction throughout a project lifecycle is greater in CSG mine settings compared to traditional mining methods (like coal, for example) because of their proximity to communities, and so there is a greater expectation of the mining company to monitor and mitigate impacts on the communities in which they operate. There is emerging evidence that the extractives industry may play a more diverse role in regional communities than previously expected, but the pathways in which they do this in the health sector are not clear. Integral to the provision of health services in regional areas is the integration of services and partnerships – it is common for stakeholders external to the health sector, like transport, police or environmental departments to be involved in the planning and availability of health services. There is a dearth of scientific evidence of the ways in which the extractives industry interacts with the health system in the communities in which they operate; what the costs and benefits of this interaction might be and how the relationship might be optimized to enable long-lasting health improvements. This is particularly important in mining communities, where health outcomes could fluctuate with the various stages of mining activity, and more so in communities where mining activity is soon to cease, leading to uncertainty and economic downturn. Objectives This research was conducted in order to inform the regional and rural health sector, extractives industry, and communities who are undergoing a period of uncertainty with little peer reviewed evidence to provide objective direction. The research aims to: respond to the demand in understanding broader public health and wellbeing outcomes of mining beyond direct, physical and biological outcomes; contribute to the growing evidence base around CSG development and potential community-level impacts; and to comment on the interaction between stakeholders in the health system and the extractives industry at a local level. Methods This thesis has been organised in to three parts to meet the stated objectives: 1. Two systematic reviews to synthesise the evidence for broader, indirect health and wellbeing implications at community level associated with mining activity in low, middle and high income countries in order to provide a comprehensive account of how communities may be affected by mining; 2. Synthesis of qualitative data collected via a Health Needs Assessment (HNA) in Queensland, Australia to explore the determinants of health and wellbeing in communities living in proximity to CSG developments in order to strengthen understanding of how community and health services can prepare for fluctuations that might come with a mining boom or bust; and 3. Critically review regional health systems and the interaction between the extractives industry and key stakeholders at a local level in order to compile a set of recommendations that optimise health outcomes for local communities. Results Sixteen publications were included in the systematic review of high-income countries, and included studies that took place in the USA, Australia and Canada. Products mined included coal and mountain-top mining. There was evidence that mining activity can affect the social, physical and economic environment in which communities live, and these factors can in turn have adverse effects on health and wellbeing if not adequately measured and mitigated. Specific examples of self-reported health implications included increased risk of chronic disease and poor overall health, relationship breakdown, lack of social connectedness, and decreased access to health services. Twelve publications were included in the systematic review of low and middle-income countries, and included studies that took place in Ghana, Namibia, South Africa Tanzania, India, Brazil, Guatemala and French Guiana. Products mined included gold and silver, iron ore and platinum. Mining was perceived to influence health behaviours, employment conditions, livelihoods and socio-political factors, which were linked to poorer health outcomes. Family relationships, mental health and community cohesion were negatively associated with mining activity. High-risk health behaviours, population growth and changes in vector ecology from environmental modification was associated with increased infectious disease prevalence. The HNA was implemented in four towns in regional Queensland situated in proximity to CSG development. Eleven focus group discussions, nine in-depth interviews, and forty-five key informant interviews (KIIs) with health and community service providers and community members were conducted. Framework analysis was conducted following a recurrent theme that emerged from the qualitative data around health and wellbeing implications of the CSG industry. CSG mining was deemed a rapid development in the otherwise predominantly agricultural, rural communities. With this rapid development came fluctuations in the local economy, population, social structure and environmental conditions. There were perceived direct and indirect effects of CSG activity at an individual and community level, including impacts on alcohol and drug use; family relationships; social capital and mental health; and social connectedness, civic engagement and trust. Before examining the interaction between the health system and mining sector, it was important to describe the rural health system and its complementary parts. Systems theory underpinned analysis of qualitative data from KIIs to assist in describing the characteristics of the health system and unique influences on its functionality. Results showed that communities are closely interconnected with the health system, and that the rural health systems in the case study were defined by geography, climate and economic fluctuations. Understanding unique system pressures is important for recognising the impact that policy decisions may have on rural health. Decentralisation of decision making, greater flexibility and predictability of programs will assist in health system strengthening in rural areas. Another key theme emerged from the HNA: the mining sector played a diverse role in health and community service planning and delivery. Key informant transcripts were analysed again using phenomenology theory. Of these, 23 mentioned the presence of CSG or mining activity at least once during the interview without any specific reference to the extractives industry. Mining activity was perceived to influence the ability of service providers to meet demand, recruit and retain staff, and effectively plan and maintain programs. The level of interaction between mining companies with service providers and regulatory bodies varied and was commented on extensively. Several key informants identified pathways for the mining sector to engage with services more effectively, which included strengthening multi-sectoral engagement and enabling transparent, public consultation and evidence-based funding initiatives. Conclusion Unconventional natural gas extraction and the implications of mining activity on nearby communities is a subject of major concern internationally. Through the application of core public health theories and methodologies, including the Social Determinants of Health model, complex adaptive systems theory and health needs assessments; this thesis has significantly contributed to the discourse and demonstrated a significant association between mining activity and health. This thesis sought to strengthen the evidence base of the association between the extractives industry and the social determinants of health of surrounding communities, with a focus on the potential impacts of CSG developments. The hypothesis that there may be broader, direct and indirect impacts on health and wellbeing at an individual or community-level was tested and proven. The secondary aim was to examine the relationship of stakeholders in the local health system with the mining sector, with the intention to develop recommendations that improve measurement, monitoring and response to potential impacts of mining in surrounding communities. This research established that there are both common and unique health and wellbeing issues experienced by communities living in proximity to mining internationally. Our understanding of the ways in which CSG mining activity can influence the social determinants of health has been significantly strengthened. This thesis argues the importance of first examining how local health systems operate in order to maximise engagement with the mining sector - a potentially significant funding source – and sustain health services. There are pathways and opportunities for the mining sector to contribute to community development, and this requires engagement with the community and local service providers. This also highlights key characteristics of communities that might influence the magnitude of perceived CSG mining impacts, which serve to inform development of indicators and tools to strengthen measurement and response. It is beyond the scope of this thesis to present a comprehensive framework with standardised approach for monitoring broader health and wellbeing implications of UNG development, as this relies on first establishing multidisciplinary approach and considering the regulatory frameworks that shape corporate social responsibility and mining investments. However, this thesis presented a set of key recommendations and criteria that should be considered in the design of a standardised monitoring framework. Formalising, publicising and regulating this process is the next step along the road to mending and preventing fractured communities from the potential impacts of mining. Kohleflözgas (CSG) ist ein unkonventionelles Erdgas (UNG), das über Kohleflöze aus Bohrlöchern gefördert wird. Reserven befinden sich in Australien, den USA und Großbritannien. Andere UNG umfassen Schiefer und Gas, die aus verschiedenen geologischen Formationen stammen und ähnliche Verfahren wie der CSG-Abbau nutzen, und die in Kanada, Europa, Asien, dem Nahen Osten und Australien gefördert werden. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die UNG-Förderung exponentiell zugenommen, wobei hydraulisches Fracking in regionalen und ländlichen Gebieten und in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zu Gemeinden stattgefunden hat. Während grössere Entwicklungsprojekte durch Bevölkerungswachstum und erhöhte Nachfrage nach Dienstleistungen Beschäftigung und andere positive wirtschaftliche Folgen in den umliegenden Gemeinden ermöglichen können, gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass negative Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden diese Vorteile überwiegen können. In Situationen in denen die Kosten für die Gewinnung und den Export natürlicher Ressourcen die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile überwiegen, der sogenannte "Ressourcenfluch", stieß die Ausweitung der CSG-Aktivitäten auf örtliche Gemeinden und die breite Öffentlichkeit. Die Auswirkungen und Folgen dieser rasanten Entwicklung, insbesondere in den USA und in Australien, waren nicht ausreichend bekannt. Dies lag zum einen an der mangelnden Vorerfahrung, zum anderen an gemischten Botschaften in den Medien, mangelnder staatlicher Unterstützung und wenig empirischen Beweisen über negative Auswirkungen dieser neuen Verfahren. Das vorliegende Forschungsprojekt bot die Gelegenheit, eine Lücke in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zu schließen, und untersucht die umfassenderen Auswirkungen der Bergbautätigkeit auf die umliegenden Gemeinden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf CSG und den sozialen Determinanten von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden liegt. Die Interaktion der Gesellschaft während des gesamten Projektlebenszyklus ist in CSG-Minen-Umgebungen im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Bergbaumethoden (wie z. B. Kohle) aufgrund ihrer Nähe zu den Gemeinden größer. Daher besteht eine höhere Erwartung des Bergwerks, die Auswirkungen auf die Gemeinden in denen sie tätig sind zu überwachen und zu mindern. Es gibt Anzeichen dafür, dass die Bergbauindustrie in den regionalen Gemeinden eine vielfältigere Rolle spielen könnte als bisher erwartet, aber die Wege, auf denen sie dies im Gesundheitssektor tun, sind noch unklar. Für die Bereitstellung von Gesundheitsdiensten in regionalen Gebieten ist die Integration von Diensten und Partnerschaften von grundlegender Bedeutung. Es ist üblich, dass Gesundheitswesen-externe Akteure wie Verkehr, Polizei oder Umweltabteilungen an der Planung und Verfügbarkeit von Gesundheitsdiensten beteiligt sind. Es gibt kaum wissenschaftliche Belege dafür, wie die Bergbauindustrie mit dem Gesundheitssystem in den Gemeinden, in denen sie tätig sind, interagiert. Wie können Kosten und Nutzen dieser Interaktion aussehen und wie können diese Beziehungen optimiert werden, um dauerhafte Verbesserungen der Gesundheit der lokalen Bevölkerung zu ermöglichen. Dies ist besonders wichtig in Bergbaugemeinden, in denen die Gesundheitsergebnisse mit den verschiedenen Stadien der Bergbaubetriebsaktivität schwanken könnten, insbesondere in Gemeinden, in denen die Bergbaubetriebstätigkeit bald eingestellt wird, was zu Unsicherheit und einem wirtschaftlichen Abschwung führt. Ziele Dieses Forschungsprojekt wurde durchgeführt, um den regionalen und ländlichen Gesundheitssektor, die Bergbauindustrie und Gemeinden zu informieren, die sich gegenwärtig in einer Phase der Unsicherheit befinden. Das Projekt zielt darauf ab, auf die Forderung nach einem besseren Verständnis der Auswirkungen des Bergbaus auf die öffentliche Gesundheit und das Wohlergehen über direkte, physische und biologische Ergebnisse zu reagieren; zur wachsenden Beweisgrundlage für die CSG-Entwicklung und potenziellen Auswirkungen auf Gemeinschaftsebene beizutragen; und auf lokaler Ebene die Interaktion zwischen den Akteuren des Gesundheitssystems und der Bergbauindustrie zu charakterisieren und beschreiben Methoden Diese Arbeit wurde in drei Teile gegliedert, um die angegebenen Ziele zu erreichen: 1. Zwei systematische Übersichtsarbeiten, um die Nachweise für umfassendere, indirekte Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlergehen auf Gemeindeebene in Verbindung mit Bergbautätigkeiten in Ländern mit niedrigem, mittlerem und hohem Einkommen zusammenzufassen, mit dem Ziel einen umfassenden Bericht darüber zu liefern, wie Gemeinden durch den Bergbau beeinflusst werden können; 2. Eine Synthese von qualitativen Daten, die im Rahmen eines Gesundheitsberichts (Health Needs Assessment (HNA)) in Queensland, Australien, gesammelt wurden, um die Determinanten von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in Gemeinden, die sich in der Nähe von CSG-Entwicklungen befinden, zu erforschen und dadurch das Verständnis dafür zu verbessern, wie sich Gemeinde- und Gesundheitsdienste auf Schwankungen vorbereiten können die mit einem Bergbauboom oder -schwund einhergehen; und 3. Eine kritische Überprüfung der regionalen Gesundheitssysteme und der Interaktion zwischen der Bergbauindustrie und den wichtigsten Interessengruppen auf lokaler Ebene, um eine Reihe von Empfehlungen zu erarbeiten, die die Gesundheitsergebnisse für die lokale Bevölkerung optimieren. Ergebnisse 16 Publikationen wurden in die systematische Übersicht in Ländern mit hohem Einkommen aufgenommen, darunter Studien, die in den USA, Australien und Kanada durchgeführt wurden. Diese stammten überwiegend aus dem Kohlebergbau. Es gibt Belege dafür, dass die Bergbautätigkeit das soziale, physische und wirtschaftliche Umfeld der betroffenen Gemeinden beeinflussen kann. Diese Faktoren können wiederum negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden haben, wenn sie nicht angemessen gemessen und abgeschwächt werden. Spezifische Beispiele für selbst berichtete Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit waren ein erhöhtes Risiko für chronische Krankheiten und schlechte allgemeine Gesundheit, ein Zusammenbruch der Beziehungen, ein Mangel an sozialer Verbundenheit und ein verminderter Zugang zu Gesundheitsdiensten. Zwölf Publikationen wurden in die systematische Übersicht über Länder mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen einbezogen, darunter Studien, die in Ghana, Namibia, Südafrika, Tansania, Indien, Brasilien, Guatemala und Französisch-Guayana durchgeführt wurden. Zu den gewonnenen Bergbauprodukten gehörten Gold und Silber, Eisenerz und Platin. Es schien, dass Bergbau das Gesundheitsverhalten, die Beschäftigungsbedingungen, den Lebensunterhalt und sozio-politische Faktoren beeinflusst, die mit einem schlechteren Gesundheitsergebnis zusammenhängen. Familienbeziehungen, psychische Gesundheit und sozialer Zusammenhalt waren negativ mit der Bergbautätigkeit verbunden. Gesundheitsgefahren mit hohem Risiko, Bevölkerungswachstum und Veränderungen in der Vektorökologie aufgrund von Umweltveränderungen waren mit einer erhöhten Prävalenz von Infektionskrankheiten verbunden. Der Gesundheitsbericht wurde in vier Städten im ländlichen Queensland in der Nähe der CSG-Bergbau durchgeführt. Es wurden elf Fokusgruppendiskussionen, neun ausführliche Interviews und fünfundvierzig wichtige Informanteninterviews (KIIs) mit Gesundheits- und Gemeindedienstleistern und Gemeindemitgliedern durchgeführt. Die Rahmenanalyse wurde nach einem wiederkehrenden Thema durchgeführt, das sich aus den qualitativen Daten zu den Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der CSG-Industrie ergab. Der CSG-Bergbau wurde in den sonst überwiegend landwirtschaftlich geprägten ländlichen Gemeinden als eine rasche Entwicklung betrachtet. Mit dieser rasanten Entwicklung kam es zu Schwankungen in der lokalen Wirtschaft, der Bevölkerung, der Sozialstruktur und den Umweltbedingungen. Es gab direkte und indirekte Auswirkungen der CSG-Aktivität auf Einzel- und Gemeinschaftsebene, einschließlich der Auswirkungen auf Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum. Familienbeziehungen; soziales Kapital und psychische Gesundheit; und soziale Verbundenheit, bürgerliches Engagement und Vertrauen. Bevor die Wechselwirkung zwischen dem Gesundheitssystem und dem Bergbausektor untersucht wurde, war es wichtig, das ländliche Gesundheitssystem und seine ergänzenden Teile zu beschreiben. Die Systemtheorie untermauerte die Analyse qualitativer Daten aus KII, um die Charakteristika des Gesundheitssystems und die einzigartigen Einflüsse auf seine Funktionalität zu beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Gemeinden eng mit dem Gesundheitssystem verbunden sind und dass die ländlichen Gesundheitssysteme in der Fallstudie durch Geografie, Klima und wirtschaftliche Schwankungen definiert wurden. Das Verständnis des einzigartigen Systemdrucks ist wichtig, um die Auswirkungen politischer Entscheidungen auf die Gesundheit in ländlichen Gebieten zu erkennen. Die Dezentralisierung der Entscheidungsfindung, größere Flexibilität und Vorhersehbarkeit der Programme werden zur Stärkung des Gesundheitssystems in ländlichen Gebieten beitragen. Ein weiteres Schlüsselthema wurde aus dem HNA herausgearbeitet: Der Bergbausektor spielte eine vielfältige Rolle bei der Planung und Bereitstellung von Gesundheits- und Sozialdiensten. Wichtige Informantentranskripte wurden erneut mit der Theorie der Phänomenologie analysiert. Von diesen erwähnten 23 das Vorhandensein von CSG- oder Bergbautätigkeit während des Interviews mindestens einmal ohne besonderen Hinweis auf die Bergbauindustrie. Es wurde angenommen, dass Bergbautätigkeit die Fähigkeit der Dienstanbieter beeinflusst, die Nachfrage zu befriedigen, Personal einzustellen und zu binden sowie Programme effektiv zu planen und zu verwalten. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Bergbaugesellschaften mit Dienstleistern und Aufsichtsbehörden waren unterschiedlich und wurden ausführlich kommentiert. Mehrere wichtige Informanten identifizierten Wege, wie der Bergbausektor effektiver mit Dienstleistungen zusammenarbeiten könnte. Dazu gehörten die Stärkung des sektorübergreifenden Engagements und die Ermöglichung transparenter, öffentlicher Konsultationen und faktengestützter Finanzierungsinitiativen. Fazit Die unkonventionelle Erdgasförderung und die Auswirkungen der Bergbautätigkeit auf die umliegenden Gemeinden sind international ein großes Problem. Durch die Anwendung der wichtigsten Theorien und Methoden des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens, einschließlich des Modells für soziale Determinanten von Gesundheit, der Theorie komplexer adaptiver Systeme und der Bewertung der Gesundheitsbedürfnisse; Diese Arbeit hat wesentlich zum Diskurs beigetragen und signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen Bergbautätigkeit und Gesundheit in betroffenen Gemeinden gezeigt. Diese Dissertation versuchte die Evidenzbasis der Verbindung zwischen der Bergbauindustrie und den sozialen Determinanten der Gesundheit der umliegenden Gemeinden zu stärken, wobei die potenziellen Auswirkungen der CSG-Entwicklungen im Mittelpunkt standen. Die Hypothese, dass umfassendere, direkte und indirekte Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden auf Einzel- oder Gemeinschaftsebene bestehen können, wurde getestet und nachgewiesen. Das sekundäre Ziel bestand darin, die Beziehung der Stakeholder untereinander zu untersuchen und zu beschreiben.
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- 2021
189. Block & replace regime versus titration regime of antithyroid drugs for the treatment of Graves' disease: a retrospective observational study.
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Vaidya, Bijay, Wright, Ailsa, Shuttleworth, Joanna, Donohoe, Mollie, Warren, Roderick, Brooke, Antonia, Gericke, Christian A., and Ukoumunne, Obioha C
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- *
THYROID antagonists , *GRAVES' disease , *AUTOIMMUNE diseases , *THYROID eye disease , *THYROID gland function tests - Abstract
Context Two widely used antithyroid drug ( ATD) regimes for Graves' disease ( GD) include the 'block & replace' (B&R) regime (a fixed high-dose of ATD combined with levothyroxine) and the 'titration' regime (a titrating dose of ATD). Anecdotally, it is believed that B&R is less prone to fluctuating thyroid function. Objective To study whether, in routine clinical practice, the B&R regime, compared with the titration regime, is associated with more stable thyroid function. Methods We retrospectively analysed case-records for 450 patients treated with ATDs for GD at a secondary care hospital. Exclusion criteria included treatment with ATDs for <6 months, thyrotoxicosis due to other causes, treatment with radioiodine or thyroidectomy and pregnancy. Results Two hundred and twenty three patients were treated with the B&R regime ('B&R group'), 149 with the titration regime ('titration group') and 78 with both regimes. The number of thyroid function tests ( TFTs) performed per year (mean( SD): 3·2(1·2) vs 3·4(1·5); adjusted mean difference = −0·4; 95% CI: −0·7 to −0·1; and P = 0·008) and the number of hospital clinic visits per year (mean ( SD): 2·9 (1·0) vs 3·2 (1·3); adjusted mean difference = −0·4; 95% CI: −0·7 to −0·2; and P = 0·002) were lower in the B&R group than the titration group. The number of abnormal TFT results per year was similar in the two groups (mean( SD): 1·8(1·3) vs 1·8(1·4); adjusted mean difference = 0·05; 95% CI: −0·3 to 0·4; and P = 0·74). Conclusions In this retrospective study, there was little evidence that patients under B&R have more stable thyroid function. Further data from prospective studies, however, are needed to confirm this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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190. Risks, dangers and competing clinical decisions on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospital care.
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Boiko, Olga, Sheaff, Rod, Child, Susan, and Gericke, Christian A.
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CROSS infection , *HOSPITAL care , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL protocols , *NURSE administrators , *NURSES , *PATIENT safety , *PHYSICIAN executives , *PHYSICIANS , *RESEARCH funding , *RISK management in business , *VEINS , *DECISION making in clinical medicine , *THEMATIC analysis ,THROMBOEMBOLISM prevention - Published
- 2014
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191. The Pre-Test Risk Stratified Cost-Effectiveness of 64-Slice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in the Detection of Significant Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Otherwise Referred to Invasive Coronary Angiography
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Kreisz, Florian P., Merlin, Tracy, Moss, John, Atherton, John, Hiller, Janet E., and Gericke, Christian A.
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TOMOGRAPHY , *CROSS-sectional imaging , *MEDICAL radiography , *ANGIOGRAPHY - Abstract
Background: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) as an alternative to invasive diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) in an elective outpatient setting for patients otherwise referred to invasive diagnostic coronary angiography. Methods: Taking the perspective of the Australian health system we used a decision analytic model to integrate data on test accuracy along with complication rates, health state preference weights and health care costs. The analysis is pre-test risk stratified based on Bayes’ theorem of conditional probability. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) are the study endpoints expressed as incremental costs per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Results: The results indicate that CTCA is a cost-saving strategy offering a higher health related quality of life up to approximately 65% pre-test risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Above that threshold the model predicts a cost-utility trade-off with every gain in health related quality of life through the use of CTCA as a rule-out test being associated with additional costs when compared to invasive diagnostic CA. Conclusion: This health economic analysis predicts computed tomography coronary angiography to be a cost-effective rule-out strategy in symptomatic patients at low to intermediate risk of significant obstructive coronary artery disease otherwise referred to invasive diagnostic CA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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192. Effective and cost-effective strategies to prevent overweight and obesity in South Australia
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Luckner, Helene, Gericke, Christian, and Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät VII - Wirtschaft und Management
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Gesundheitsökonomie ,330 Wirtschaft ,Adipositas ,Prevention ,ddc:330 ,Australien ,Australia ,Obesity ,Prävention ,Evaluation ,Health economics - Abstract
Für das öffentliche Gesundheitswesen stellt der Anstieg der Prävalenzraten von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern eine große Herausforderung dar, insbesondere aufgrund der damit assoziierten chronischen Krankheiten. Dadurch sind auch hohe Kosten für die Gesellschaft zu erwarten durch die erhöhte Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen und einer morbiditätsbedingten Abnahme der Produktivität. Australien gehört zu den Ländern mit der höchsten Prävalenz für Übergewicht und Adipositas. Daher suchen die Entscheidungsträger in der Politik nach Lösungen, um bereits frühzeitig der ungesunden Gewichtszunahme bei Kindern vorzubeugen. Die Forschungsarbeit in dieser Dissertation wurde im Rahmen eines Projektes durchgeführt, welches zum Ziel hatte, den Entscheidungsprozess im australischen Bundesstaat South Australia zu informieren. Hauptziele der Arbeit waren zum einen Interventionen zu identifizieren, die effektiv sind zur Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern, und zweitens voraussichtliche Kosten und Konsequenzen zu berechnen, wenn diese Interventionen in South Australia implementiert werden würden. Der erste Teil der Arbeit bestand aus systematischen Literaturübersichten zur Effektivität von Prävention einschließlich von Meta-Analysen. Außerdem wurden ökonomische Evaluationsstudien ausgewertet. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurden die Informationen aus der veröffentlichten wissenschaftlichen Literatur zu Kosten und Effekten verwendet um die landesweite Implementierung eines Kommunal-basierten Präventionsprogramm in South Australia zu simulieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Mehrkomponenten-Interventionen vielversprechend erscheinen für die Förderung eines gesunden Gewichts bei Kindern, obwohl die Größe der Effekte generell gering war. Gleichzeitig ist es schwierig, valide Programmkosten zu ermitteln. Die Dissertation beinhaltet auch eine kritische Analyse der methodischen Herausforderungen, welche sich bei evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen zu effektiven und kosten-effektiven Präventionsinterventionen ergeben., The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in children represents a major public health challenge, since excess weight is associated with many chronic diseases. These conditions also place a considerable economic burden on the society through increased healthcare costs and a morbidity-related decrease in productivity. Australia ranks amongst the countries with the highest prevalence for unhealthy weight and policy-makers are seeking for solutions in order to prevent the early onset of unhealthy weight gain during childhood. The research in this thesis was conducted to inform the decision-making context in the Australian state South Australia. The objectives were firstly to identify interventions that are effective in preventing childhood overweight and obesity, and secondly to estimate likely costs and consequences if these interventions were to be implemented in South Australia. The first part of the thesis consisted of systematic reviews of the published literature on intervention effectiveness including meta-analyses. In addition, published economic evaluations of obesity prevention programmes were appraised. In the second part, the information available in the published literature about costs and effects was used to simulate the state-wide implementation of a community-based prevention programme in South Australia. The results indicated that multi-component interventions appear promising in promoting healthy weight, although the effect sizes generally remain modest. At the same time, there are many challenges when estimating valid programme costs. The thesis also included a critical analysis of the methodological impediments to deriving evidence-based recommendations for effective and cost-effective interventions.
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- 2012
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193. The treatment gap for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a comparative analysis of cost and utilisation in high-income countries.
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Stein A, Higgins N, Gajwani M, and Gericke CA
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ObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, globally affecting approximately 120 per 100,000 people by age 70. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a US Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and highly effective treatment for late-stage PD. However, country-specific reimbursement regulations and health policies may affect access to PD-DBS. We aimed to evaluate the uptake rate and 'treatment gap' for DBS across high-income countries.MethodsWe reviewed previous literature to investigate the cost and utilisation of PD-DBS in high-income countries across Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North America (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, UK, and USA). Using previous estimates of DBS candidate eligibility rates, we calculated theoretical DBS uptake rates and treatment gaps nationally.ResultsPD-DBS utilisation was highest in Australia and the USA and lowest in Korea and New Zealand. The total cost of PD-DBS in the first 12months was highest in the USA and France and lowest in the UK and Germany. The utilisation rate (i.e. uptake rate) of PD-DBS (% DBS surgeries per PD case) was highest in Australia and the USA, and lowest in New Zealand and the UK, where the treatment gap reflected these trends.ConclusionsOur results highlight differences in access to DBS for PD patients among high-income countries, which we discuss in the context of health systems. Better access to effective PD treatments such as DBS is critical given the increasing prevalence of PD in an ageing world and the associated, avoidable morbidity.
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- 2024
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194. Development of an International Standard Set of Outcomes and Measurement Methods for Routine Practice for Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Epilepsy: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Consensus Recommendations.
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Mitchell JW, Sossi F, Miller I, Jaber PB, Das-Gupta Z, Fialho LS, Amos A, Austin JK, Badzik S, Baker G, Ben Zeev B, Bolton J, Chaplin JE, Cross JH, Chan D, Gericke CA, Husain AM, Lally L, Mbugua S, Megan C, Mesa T, Nuñez L, von Oertzen TJ, Perucca E, Pullen A, Ronen GM, Sajatovic M, Singh MB, Wilmshurst JM, Wollscheid L, and Berg AT
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- Humans, Child, Adolescent, Infant, Delphi Technique, Child, Preschool, Epilepsy diagnosis, Outcome Assessment, Health Care standards, Outcome Assessment, Health Care methods, Consensus
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At present, there is no internationally accepted set of core outcomes or measurement methods for epilepsy clinical practice. The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group of experts in epilepsy, people with epilepsy, and their representatives to develop minimum sets of standardized outcomes and outcome measurement methods for clinical practice. Using modified Delphi consensus methods with consecutive rounds of online voting over 12 months, a core set of outcomes and corresponding measurement tool packages to capture the outcomes were identified for infants, children, and adolescents with epilepsy. Consensus methods identified 20 core outcomes. In addition to the outcomes identified for the ICHOM Epilepsy adult standard set, behavioral, motor, and cognitive/language development outcomes were voted as essential for all infants and children with epilepsy. The proposed set of outcomes and measurement methods will facilitate the implementation of the use of patient-centered outcomes in daily practice., (© 2024 The Authors. Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.)
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- 2024
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195. Development of an International Standard Set of Outcomes and Measurement Methods for Routine Practice for Adults with Epilepsy: The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement Consensus Recommendations.
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Mitchell JW, Sossi F, Miller I, Jaber PB, Das-Gupta Z, Fialho LS, Amos A, Austin JK, Badzik S, Baker G, Zeev BB, Bolton J, Chaplin JE, Cross JH, Chan D, Gericke CA, Husain AM, Lally L, Mbugua S, Megan C, Mesa T, Nuñez L, von Oertzen TJ, Perucca E, Pullen A, Ronen GM, Sajatovic M, Singh MB, Wilmshurst JM, Wollscheid L, and Berg AT
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- Humans, Adult, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy therapy, Outcome Assessment, Health Care standards, Outcome Assessment, Health Care methods, Consensus
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At present, there is no internationally accepted set of core outcomes or measurement methods for epilepsy clinical practice. Therefore, the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) convened an international working group of experts in epilepsy, people with epilepsy and their representatives to develop minimum sets of standardized outcomes and outcomes measurement methods for clinical practice that support patient-clinician decision-making and quality improvement. Consensus methods identified 20 core outcomes. Measurement tools were recommended based on their evidence of strong clinical measurement properties, feasibility, and cross-cultural applicability. The essential outcomes included many non-seizure outcomes: anxiety, depression, suicidality, memory and attention, sleep quality, functional status, and the social impact of epilepsy. The proposed set will facilitate the implementation of the use of patient-centered outcomes in daily practice, ensuring holistic care. They also encourage harmonization of outcome measurement, and if widely implemented should reduce the heterogeneity of outcome measurement, accelerate comparative research, and facilitate quality improvement efforts., (© 2024 The Authors. Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.)
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- 2024
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196. Scope of practice regulation in medicine: balancing patient safety, access to care and professional autonomy.
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Gericke CA
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- Humans, Patient Safety, Artificial Intelligence, Scope of Practice, Health Services Accessibility, Professional Autonomy, Medicine
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Scope of practice regulation in medicine is crucial for ensuring patient safety, access to care and professional autonomy. This paper explores the impact of scope of practice regulation on healthcare delivery, professional responsibilities and patient outcomes. It discusses the variability in standards for safe practice, the challenges in defining boundaries between medical specialties and the recent controversies in cosmetic surgery practice. The paper also examines the potential benefits and drawbacks of rigorous scope of practice regulations, including their impact on clinical innovation, flexibility and access to care. Furthermore, it delves into the implications of defensive medicine and the consequences of restrictive regulations on patient care. The author proposes implementing a proactive, national, artificial intelligence-powered, real-time outcome monitoring system to address these challenges. This system aims to cover every patient undergoing a surgical procedure and could be gradually extended to non-surgical conditions, benefiting all key stakeholders in the health system. The paper emphasises the need for a balanced approach to scope of practice regulation to avoid stifling clinical innovation and professional autonomy, while ensuring patient safety and professional accountability.
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- 2024
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197. Effectiveness of a structured, framework-based approach to implementation: the Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) Trial.
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Hall L, White NM, Allen M, Farrington A, Mitchell BG, Page K, Halton K, Riley TV, Gericke CA, Graves N, and Gardner A
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- Australia, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Promotion, Health Services Research, Hospital Bed Capacity, Humans, Phylogeny, Cross Infection prevention & control, Housekeeping, Hospital methods, Outcome Assessment, Health Care methods
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Background: Implementing sustainable practice change in hospital cleaning has proven to be an ongoing challenge in reducing healthcare associated infections. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable framework-based approach to implement and quantitatively evaluate the implementation of evidence-based practice change in hospital cleaning., Design/methods: The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) trial was a pragmatic, stepped-wedge randomised trial of an environmental cleaning bundle implemented in 11 Australian hospitals from 2016 to 2017. Using a structured multi-step approach, we adapted the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to support rigorous and tailored implementation of the cleaning bundle intervention in eleven diverse and complex settings. To evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy we examined post-intervention cleaning bundle alignment calculated as a score (an implementation measure) and cleaning performance audit data collected using ultraviolet (UV) gel markers (an outcome measure)., Results: We successfully implemented the bundle and observed improvements in cleaning practice and performance, regardless of hospital size, intervention duration and contextual issues such as staff and organisational readiness at baseline. There was a positive association between bundle alignment scores and cleaning performance at baseline. This diminished over the duration of the intervention, as hospitals with lower baseline scores were able to implement practice change successfully., Conclusion: Using a structured framework-based approach allows for pragmatic and successful implementation of clinical trials across diverse settings, and assists with quantitative evaluation of practice change., Trial Registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12615000325505, registered on 4 September 2015.
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- 2020
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198. An environmental cleaning bundle and health-care-associated infections in hospitals (REACH): a multicentre, randomised trial.
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Mitchell BG, Hall L, White N, Barnett AG, Halton K, Paterson DL, Riley TV, Gardner A, Page K, Farrington A, Gericke CA, and Graves N
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- Humans, Australia epidemiology, Clostridioides difficile, Hospitals, Hygiene, Incidence, Intensive Care Units, Prevalence, Staphylococcus aureus, Ultraviolet Rays, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci, Bacteremia epidemiology, Bacteremia microbiology, Bacteremia prevention & control, Clostridium Infections epidemiology, Clostridium Infections microbiology, Clostridium Infections prevention & control, Clostridium Infections transmission, Cross Infection epidemiology, Cross Infection prevention & control, Cross Infection transmission, Disinfection methods, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections prevention & control, Staphylococcal Infections transmission
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Background: The hospital environment is a reservoir for the transmission of microorganisms. The effect of improved cleaning on patient-centred outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an environmental cleaning bundle to reduce health care-associated infections in hospitals., Methods: The REACH study was a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised trial done in 11 acute care hospitals in Australia. Eligible hospitals had an intensive care unit, were classified by the National Health Performance Authority as a major hospital (public hospitals) or having more than 200 inpatient beds (private hospitals), and had a health-care-associated infection surveillance programme. The stepped-wedge design meant intervention periods varied from 20 weeks to 50 weeks. We introduced the REACH cleaning bundle, a multimodal intervention, focusing on optimising product use, technique, staff training, auditing with feedback, and communication, for routine cleaning. The primary outcomes were incidences of health-care-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, Clostridium difficile infection, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection. The secondary outcome was the thoroughness of cleaning of frequent touch points, assessed by a fluorescent marking gel. This study is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, number ACTRN12615000325505., Findings: Between May 9, 2016, and July 30, 2017, we implemented the cleaning bundle in 11 hospitals. In the pre-intervention phase, there were 230 cases of vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection, 362 of S aureus bacteraemia, and 968 C difficile infections, for 3 534 439 occupied bed-days. During intervention, there were 50 cases of vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection, 109 of S aureus bacteraemia, and 278 C difficile infections, for 1 267 134 occupied bed-days. After the intervention, vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections reduced from 0·35 to 0·22 per 10 000 occupied bed-days (relative risk 0·63, 95% CI 0·41-0·97, p=0·0340). The incidences of S aureus bacteraemia (0·97 to 0·80 per 10 000 occupied bed-days; 0·82, 0·60-1·12, p=0·2180) and C difficile infections (2·34 to 2·52 per 10 000 occupied bed-days; 1·07, 0·88-1·30, p=0·4655) did not change significantly. The intervention increased the percentage of frequent touch points cleaned in bathrooms from 55% to 76% (odds ratio 2·07, 1·83-2·34, p<0·0001) and bedrooms from 64% to 86% (1·87, 1·68-2·09, p<0·0001)., Interpretation: The REACH cleaning bundle was successful at improving cleaning thoroughness and showed great promise in reducing vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections. Our work will inform hospital cleaning policy and practice, highlighting the value of investment in both routine and discharge cleaning practice., Funding: National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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199. Changes in knowledge and attitudes of hospital environmental services staff: The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study.
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Mitchell BG, White N, Farrington A, Allen M, Page K, Gardner A, Halton K, Riley TV, Gericke CA, Paterson DL, Graves N, and Hall L
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- Adult, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hospitals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cross Infection prevention & control, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Housekeeping, Hospital methods, Personnel, Hospital psychology
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Background: The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study tested a multimodal cleaning intervention in Australian hospitals. This article reports findings from a pre/post questionnaire, embedded into the REACH study, that was administered prior to the implementation of the intervention and at the conclusion of the study., Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire, nested within a stepped-wedge trial, was administered. The REACH intervention was a cleaning bundle comprising 5 interdependent components. The questionnaire explored the knowledge, reported practice, attitudes, roles, and perceived organizational support of environmental services staff members in the hospitals participating in the REACH study., Results: Environmental services staff members in 11 participating hospitals completed 616 pre- and 307 post-test questionnaires (n = 923). Increases in knowledge and practice were seen between the pre-and post-test questionnaires. Minimal changes were observed in attitudes regarding the role of cleaning and in perceived organizational support., Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report changes in knowledge, attitudes, and perceived organizational support in environmental services staff members, in the context of a large multicenter clinical trial. In this underexplored group of hospital workers, findings suggest that environmental services staff members have a high level of knowledge related to cleaning practices and understand the importance of their role., (Copyright © 2018 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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200. Assessment of Motivational Cognitions in Diabetes Self-Care: the Motivation Thought Frequency Scales for Glucose Testing, Physical Activity and Healthy Eating.
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Parham SC, Kavanagh DJ, Gericke CA, King N, May J, and Andrade J
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Exercise, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Glucose analysis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Efficacy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 psychology, Diet, Healthy, Motivation, Self Care methods
- Abstract
Purpose: There is a need for improved measurement of motivation for diabetes self-care. The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire offers a coherent framework for understanding and identifying the cognitive-affective events that constitute the subjective experience of motivation and may therefore inform the development of such an instrument. Recent research has shown the resultant Motivation Thought Frequency scale (MTF) to have a stable factor structure (Intensity, Incentives Imagery, Self-Efficacy Imagery, Availability) when applied to physical activity, excessive snacking or alcohol use in the general population. The current study aimed to confirm the four-factor structure of the MTF for glucose testing, physical activity and healthy eating in people with type 2 diabetes. Associations with self-reports of concurrent diabetic self-care behaviours were also examined., Method: Confirmatory factor analyses tested the internal structure, and multiple regressions assessed the scale's relationship with concurrent self-care behaviours. The MTF was completed by 340 adults with type 2 diabetes, and 237 from that sample also reported self-care behaviours. Separate MTFs assessed motivation for glucose testing, physical activity and healthy eating. Self-care was assessed using questions from the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities., Results: The MTF for each goal achieved an acceptable fit on all indices after selected errors within factors were allowed to intercorrelate. Intensity and Self-Efficacy Imagery provided the strongest and most consistent correlations with relevant self-care behaviours., Conclusion: Results provide preliminary support for the MTF in a diabetes sample. Testing of its sensitivity to change and its predictive utility over time is needed.
- Published
- 2017
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