414 results on '"George, Nathalie"'
Search Results
152. Hydrocracking of phenanthrene over bifunctional Pt catalysts
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Leite, Lorraine, primary, Benazzi, Eric, additional, and Marchal-George, Nathalie, additional
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- 2001
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153. Intelligent energy systems for telecommunications
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Bogaerts, Daniel, George, Nathalie, Mathys, Pierre, Bogaerts, Daniel, George, Nathalie, and Mathys, Pierre
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The telecommunications world is undergoing severe technological and structural changes. These changes not only affect the operators and telecommunication equipment manufacturers, but also have serious repercussions on the energy systems providers. More particularly, the monitoring and control problematic is becoming a key issue, that can no longer be neglected nor treated on an ad hoc basis. This paper lists some of the fundamental factors driving these evolutions, checks briefly the existing equipments and standards against the evolving needs, analyses the monitoring and control structure at local level, and suggests an open, object oriented approach based on field bus standards, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
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- 1995
154. Event-related potentials to structural familiar face incongruity processing
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Jemel, Boutheina, primary, George, Nathalie, additional, Olivares, Ela, additional, Fiori, Nicole, additional, and Renault, Bernard, additional
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- 1999
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155. Contrast polarity and face recognition in the human fusiform gyrus
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George, Nathalie, primary, Dolan, Raymond J., additional, Fink, Gereon R., additional, Baylis, Gordon C., additional, Russell, Charlotte, additional, and Driver, Jon, additional
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- 1999
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156. Brain events related to normal and moderately scrambled faces
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George, Nathalie, primary, Evans, Julie, additional, Fiori, Nicole, additional, Davidoff, Jules, additional, and Renault, Bernard, additional
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- 1996
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157. Eye contact with neutral and smiling faces: effects on autonomic responses and frontal EEG asymmetry.
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Pönkänen, Laura M., Hietanen, Jari K., Schilbach, Leonhard, George, Nathalie, Calder, Andy, and Gamer, Matthias
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BRAIN function localization ,BRAIN physiology ,BRAIN stimulation ,NEUROSCIENCES ,NEURAL stimulation ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY - Abstract
In our previous studies we have shown that seeing another person "live" with a direct vs. averted gaze results in enhanced skin conductance responses (SCRs) indicating autonomic arousal and in greater relative left-sided frontal activity in the electroencephalography (asymmetry in the alpha-band power), associated with approach motivation. In our studies, however, the stimulus persons had a neutral expression. In real-life social interaction, eye contact is often associated with a smile, which is another signal of the sender's approach-related motivation. A smile could, therefore, enhance the affective-motivational responses to eye contact. In the present study, we investigated whether the facial expression (neutral vs. social smile) would modulate autonomic arousal and frontal EEG alpha-band asymmetry to seeing a direct vs. an averted gaze in faces presented "live" through a liquid crystal (LC) shutter. The results showed that the SCRs were greater for the direct than the averted gaze and that the effect of gaze direction was more pronounced for a smiling than a neutral face. However, in this study, gaze direction and facial expression did not affect the frontal EEG asymmetry, although, for gaze direction, we found a marginally significant correlation between the degree of an overall bias for asymmetric frontal activity and the degree to which direct gaze elicited stronger left-sided frontal activity than did averted gaze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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158. Distorted Temporal Consciousness and preserved Knowing Consciousness in confabulation: A case study.
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Manes, F., Gleichgerrcht, E., La Corte, Valentina, George, Nathalie, Pradat-Diehl, Pascale, and Barba, Gianfranco Dalla
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CONSCIOUSNESS ,NEUROBIOLOGY ,CAROTID artery injuries ,ANEURYSMS ,TRANSACTIONAL analysis ,CASE studies ,AMNESIA ,MEMORY disorders - Abstract
In this study we describe a patient, TA, who developed a chronic amnesic-confabulatory syndrome, following rupture of a right internal carotid siphon aneurysm. Our aim was to elucidate as fully as possible the nature of TA's impairment and to test the hypothesis of confabulation as reflecting a dysfunction of Temporal Consciousness, i.e. to become aware of something as part of a personal past, present or future. TA's confabulations were present in answers to questions tapping Temporal Consciousness, i.e. autobiographical episodic memory, orientation in time and place, and foresight of personal future. In contrast, confabulations were not observed in answers to questions tapping Knowing Consciousness, i.e. to become aware of something as a meaning or as an element of impersonal knowledge. In fact, he had normal access to semantic knowledge, including foresight of impersonal future. TA's brain MRI showed lesions involving the right hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, fornix, mammillary bodies, and thalamus. Moreover TA showed sub-cortical lesions involving the caudate and putamen nuclei bilaterally, a lesion site not commonly described in amnesic-confabulatory syndrome. We suggest that this pattern of results is better accounted for within the framework of the Memory, Consciousness and Temporality Theory and reflects a specific distortion of Temporal Consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
159. Protein Chemistry on the Surface of Living Cells.
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Johnsson, Nils, George, Nathalie, and Johnsson, Kai
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- 2005
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160. Inhibitory control of gait initiation in humans: An electroencephalography study.
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Ziri, Deborah, Hugueville, Laurent, Olivier, Claire, Boulinguez, Philippe, Gunasekaran, Harish, Lau, Brian, Welter, Marie‐Laure, and George, Nathalie
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MOTION capture (Human mechanics) , *EXECUTIVE function , *GAIT in humans , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *RESPONSE inhibition - Abstract
Response inhibition is a crucial component of executive control. Although mainly studied in upper limb tasks, it is fully implicated in gait initiation. Here, we assessed the influence of proactive and reactive inhibitory control during gait initiation in healthy adult participants. For this purpose, we measured kinematics and electroencephalography (EEG) activity (event‐related potential [ERP] and time‐frequency data) during a modified Go/NoGo gait initiation task in 23 healthy adults. The task comprised Go‐certain, Go‐uncertain, and NoGo conditions. Each trial included preparatory and imperative stimuli. Our results showed that go‐uncertainty resulted in delayed reaction time, without any difference for the other parameters of gait initiation. Proactive inhibition, that is, Go uncertain versus Go certain conditions, influenced EEG activity as soon as the preparatory stimulus. Moreover, both proactive and reactive inhibition influenced the amplitude of the ERPs (central P1, occipito‐parietal N1, and N2/P3) and theta and alpha/low beta band activities in response to the imperative—Go‐uncertain versus Go‐certain and NoGo versus Go‐uncertain—stimuli. These findings demonstrate that the uncertainty context; induced proactive inhibition, as reflected in delayed gait initiation. Proactive and reactive inhibition elicited extended and overlapping modulations of ERP and time‐frequency activities. This study shows the protracted influence of inhibitory control in gait initiation. We studied proactive and reactive inhibition in a Go/NoGo gait initiation task manipulating the uncertainty context of Go trials. Proactive inhibition (Go‐uncertain vs. ‐certain) induced delayed onset of anticipatory postural adjustments of gait. We showed intricated and extended electroencephalography signatures of proactive and reactive inhibition in both the event‐related potentials and time‐frequency domains, uncovering a tight interplay between the release of proactive inhibition, the setting of reactive inhibition, action selection, and gait initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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161. Differential processing of parttowhole and parttopart face priming
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Jemel, Boutheina, George, Nathalie, Chaby, Laurence, Fiori, Nicole, and Renault, Bernard
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WE provide electrophysiological evidence supporting the hypothesis that part and whole face processing involve distinct functional mechanisms. We used a congruency judgment task and studied part-to-whole and part-to-part priming effects. Neither part-to-whole nor part-to-part conditions elicited early congruency effects on face-specific ERP components, suggesting that activation of the internal representations should occur later on. However, these components showed differential responsiveness to whole faces and isolated eyes. In addition, although late ERP components were affected when the eye targets were not associated with the prime in both conditions, their temporal and topographical features depended on the latter. These differential effects suggest the existence of distributed neural networks in the inferior temporal cortex where part and whole facial representations may be stored.
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- 1999
162. P4‐027: EVIDENCE FOR COGNITIVE COMPENSATION IN EARLY AMYLOIDOSIS IN HIGH‐PERFORMING HEALTHY ELDERLY AT RISK FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.
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Bakardjian, Hovagim, Spinelli, Giuseppe, George, Nathalie, Schwartz, Denis, Hampel, Harald, and Dubois, Bruno
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- 2018
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163. Further characterisation of late somatosensory evoked potentials using electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram source imaging.
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Hssain‐Khalladi, Sahar, Giron, Alain, Huneau, Clément, Gitton, Christophe, Schwartz, Denis, George, Nathalie, Le Van Quyen, Michel, Marrelec, Guillaume, and Marchand‐Pauvert, Véronique
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SOMATOSENSORY evoked potentials , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *SOMATOSENSORY cortex , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *ELECTRIC stimulation , *WRIST , *MEDIAN nerve , *TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation - Abstract
Beside the well‐documented involvement of secondary somatosensory area, the cortical network underlying late somatosensory evoked potentials (P60/N60 and P100/N100) is still unknown. Electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram source imaging were performed to further investigate the origin of the brain cortical areas involved in late somatosensory evoked potentials, using sensory inputs of different strengths and by testing the correlation between cortical sources. Simultaneous high‐density electroencephalograms and magnetoencephalograms were performed in 19 participants, and electrical stimulation was applied to the median nerve (wrist level) at intensity between 1.5 and 9 times the perceptual threshold. Source imaging was undertaken to map the stimulus‐induced brain cortical activity according to each individual brain magnetic resonance imaging, during three windows of analysis covering early and late somatosensory evoked potentials. Results for P60/N60 and P100/N100 were compared with those for P20/N20 (early response). According to literature, maximal activity during P20/N20 was found in central sulcus contralateral to stimulation site. During P60/N60 and P100/N100, activity was observed in contralateral primary sensorimotor area, secondary somatosensory area (on both hemispheres) and premotor and multisensory associative cortices. Late responses exhibited similar characteristics but different from P20/N20, and no significant correlation was found between early and late generated activities. Specific clusters of cortical activities were activated with specific input/output relationships underlying early and late somatosensory evoked potentials. Cortical networks, partly common to and distinct from early somatosensory responses, contribute to late responses, all participating in the complex somatosensory brain processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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164. P3‐110: PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: WHICH EEG BIOMARKERS FOR PRECISION MEDICINE?
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Babiloni, Claudio, Lopez, Susanna, Del Percio, Claudio, Noce, Giuseppe, Pascarelli, Maria Teresa, Lizio, Roberta, Teipel, Stefan J., Bakardjian, Hovagim, George, Nathalie, González-Escamilla, Gabriel, Cavedo, Enrica, Chiesa, Patrizia Andrea, Spinelli, Giuseppe, Weschke, Sarah, Grothe, Michel J., Potier, Marie-Claude, Habert, Marie-Odile, Dubois, Bruno, and Hampel, Harald
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- 2019
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165. Methods for protein labeling based on acyl carrier protein
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Johnsson, Kai and George, Nathalie
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TTO:6.0426 - Abstract
A method for labeling acyl carrier protein (ACP) fusion proteins with a wide variety of different labels is disclosed. The method relies on the transfer of a label from a coenzyme A type substrate to an ACP fusion protein using a holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS) or a homologue thereof. The method allows detecting and manipulating the fusion protein, both in vitro and in vivo, by attaching molecules to the fusion proteins that introduce a new physical or chemical property to the fusion protein. Examples of such labels are, among others, spectroscopic probes or reporter molecules, affinity tags, molecules generating reactive radicals, cross-linkers, ligands mediating protein-protein interactions or molecules suitable for the immobilization of the fusion protein.
166. New substrates for in vivo labeling of fusion proteins
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George, Nathalie and Johnsson, K.
167. Protective anti‐prion antibodies in human immunoglobulin repertoires
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Senatore, Assunta, Frontzek, Karl, Emmenegger, Marc, Chincisan, Andra, Losa, Marco, Reimann, Regina, Horny, Geraldine, Guo, Jingjing, Fels, Sylvie, Sorce, Silvia, Zhu, Caihong, George, Nathalie, Ewert, Stefan, Pietzonka, Thomas, Hornemann, Simone, and Aguzzi, Adriano
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3. Good health
168. A Method for Protein Labeling with Small Molecules Based on Acyl Carrier Protein
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George, Nathalie and Johnsson, K.
169. Posttranslational covalent labeling reveals heterogeneous mobility of individual G protein-coupled receptors in living cells
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Prummer, Michael, Meyer, Bruno H., Franzini, Raphael, Segura, Jean-Manuel, George, Nathalie, Johnsson, Kai, and Vogel, Horst
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Membrane proteins ,Single-molecule studies ,Fluorescent probes ,Signal transduction ,Neurokinin-1 receptor
170. Time course of EEG power during creative problem‐solving with insight or remote thinking.
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Bieth, Théophile, Ovando‐Tellez, Marcela, Lopez‐Persem, Alizée, Garcin, Béatrice, Hugueville, Laurent, Lehongre, Katia, Levy, Richard, George, Nathalie, and Volle, Emmanuelle
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PROBLEM solving , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *LEXICAL access , *WORD recognition - Abstract
Problem‐solving often requires creativity and is critical in everyday life. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying creative problem‐solving remain poorly understood. Two mechanisms have been highlighted: the formation of new connections among problem elements and insight solving, characterized by sudden realization of a solution. In this study, we investigated EEG activity during a modified version of the remote associates test, a classical insight problem task that requires finding a word connecting three unrelated words. This allowed us to explore the brain correlates associated with the semantic remoteness of connections (by varying the remoteness of the solution word across trials) and with insight solving (identified as a Eurêka moment reported by the participants). Semantic remoteness was associated with power increase in the alpha band (8–12 Hz) in a left parieto‐temporal cluster, the beta band (13–30 Hz) in a right fronto‐temporal cluster in the early phase of the task, and the theta band (3–7 Hz) in a bilateral frontal cluster just prior to participants' responses. Insight solving was associated with power increase preceding participants' responses in the alpha and gamma (31–60 Hz) bands in a left temporal cluster and the theta band in a frontal cluster. Source reconstructions revealed the brain regions associated with these clusters. Overall, our findings shed new light on some of the mechanisms involved in creative problem‐solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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171. Processing of gaze direction within the N170/M170 time window: A combined EEG/MEG study.
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Burra, Nicolas, Baker, Sara, and George, Nathalie
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GAZE & psychology , *STIMULUS & response (Psychology) , *ATTENTION , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Gaze direction is an important social signal for human beings. Beside the role of gaze in attention orienting, direct gaze (that is, gaze directed toward an observer) is a highly relevant biological stimulus that elicits attention capture and increases face encoding. Brain imaging studies have emphasized the role of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) in the coding of gaze direction and in the integration of gaze and head cues of social attention. The dynamics of the processing and integration of these cues remains, however, unclear. In order to address this question, we used deviated and frontal faces with averted and direct gaze in a combined electro- and magneto- encephalography (EEG–MEG) study. We showed distinct effects of gaze direction on the N170 and M170 responses. There was an interaction between gaze direction and head orientation between 134 and 162 ms in MEG and a main effect of gaze direction between 171 and 186 ms in EEG. These effects involved the posterior and anterior regions of the STS respectively. Both effects also emphasized the sensitivity to direct gaze. These data highlight the central role of the STS in gaze processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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172. Different patterns of recollection impairment in confabulation reveal different disorders of consciousness: A multiple case study.
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La Corte, Valentina, Serra, Mara, George, Nathalie, Pradat-Diehl, Pascale, and Dalla Barba, Gianfranco
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RECOLLECTION (Psychology) , *CONSCIOUSNESS , *EPISODIC memory , *THEORY of knowledge , *PEOPLE with mental illness - Abstract
Recollection is used to refer to the active process of setting up retrieval cues, evaluating the outcome, and systematically working toward a representation of a past experience that we find acceptable. In this study we report on three patients showing different patterns of confabulation affecting recollection and consciousness differentially. All patients confabulated in the episodic past domain. However, whereas in one patient confabulation affected only recollection of events concerning his personal past, present and future, in another patient confabulation also affected recollection of impersonal knowledge. The third patient showed an intermediate pattern of confabulation, which affected selectively the retrieval of past information, both personal and impersonal. We suggest that our results are in favor of a fractionation of processes involved in recollection underling different disorders of consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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173. Alpha activity neuromodulation induced by individual alpha-based neurofeedback learning in ecological context: a double-blind randomized study.
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Grosselin, Fanny, Breton, Audrey, Yahia-Cherif, Lydia, Wang, Xi, Spinelli, Giuseppe, Hugueville, Laurent, Fossati, Philippe, Attal, Yohan, Navarro-Sune, Xavier, Chavez, Mario, and George, Nathalie
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NEUROMODULATION , *BIOFEEDBACK training , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *BRAIN waves - Abstract
The neuromodulation induced by neurofeedback training (NFT) remains a matter of debate. Investigating the modulation of brain activity specifically associated with NF requires controlling for multiple factors, such as reward, performance, congruency between task and targeted brain activity. This can be achieved using sham feedback (FB) control condition, equating all aspects of the experiment but the link between brain activity and FB. We aimed at investigating the modulation of individual alpha EEG activity induced by NFT in a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study. Forty-eight healthy participants were assigned to either NF (n = 25) or control (n = 23) group and performed alpha upregulation training (over 12 weeks) with a wearable EEG device. Participants of the NF group received FB based on their individual alpha activity. The control group received the auditory FB of participants of the NF group. An increase of alpha activity across training sessions was observed in the NF group only (p < 0.001). This neuromodulation was selective in that there was no evidence for similar effects in the theta (4–8 Hz) and low beta (13–18 Hz) bands. While alpha upregulation was found in the NF group only, psychological outcome variables showed overall increased feeling of control, decreased anxiety level and increased relaxation feeling, without any significant difference between the NF and the control groups. This is interpreted in terms of learning context and placebo effects. Our results pave the way to self-learnt, NF-based neuromodulation with light-weighted, wearable EEG systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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174. Statistical power: Implications for planning MEG studies.
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Chaumon, Maximilien, Puce, Aina, and George, Nathalie
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STATISTICAL power analysis , *SAMPLE size (Statistics) - Abstract
• We simulated evoked MEG experiments with variable number of subjects and trials. • We tested signal detectability at sensor-level (by amplitude, squared amplitude, GFP). • Statistical power varied by source distance, orientation & between-subject variability. • Consider source detectability at sensor-level when designing MEG studies. • Sample size for MEG studies? Consider source with lowest expected statistical power. Statistical power is key for robust, replicable science. Here, we systematically explored how numbers of trials and subjects affect statistical power in MEG sensor-level data. More specifically, we simulated "experiments" using the MEG resting-state dataset of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We divided the data in two conditions, injected a dipolar source at a known anatomical location in the "signal condition", but not in the "noise condition", and detected significant differences at sensor level with classical paired t-tests across subjects, using amplitude, squared amplitude, and global field power (GFP) measures. Group-level detectability of these simulated effects varied drastically with anatomical origin. We thus examined in detail which spatial properties of the sources affected detectability, looking specifically at the distance from closest sensor and orientation of the source, and at the variability of these parameters across subjects. In line with previous single-subject studies, we found that the most detectable effects originate from source locations that are closest to the sensors and oriented tangentially with respect to the head surface. In addition, cross-subject variability in orientation also affected group-level detectability, boosting detection in regions where this variability was small and hindering detection in regions where it was large. Incidentally, we observed a considerable covariation of source position, orientation, and their cross-subject variability in individual brain anatomical space, making it difficult to assess the impact of each of these variables independently of one another. We thus also performed simulations where we controlled spatial properties independently of individual anatomy. These additional simulations confirmed the strong impact of distance and orientation and further showed that orientation variability across subjects affects detectability, whereas position variability does not. Importantly, our study indicates that strict unequivocal recommendations as to the ideal number of trials and subjects for any experiment cannot be realistically provided for neurophysiological studies and should be adapted according to the brain regions under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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175. Resting-state posterior alpha rhythms are abnormal in subjective memory complaint seniors with preclinical Alzheimer's neuropathology and high education level: the INSIGHT-preAD study.
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Babiloni, Claudio, Lopez, Susanna, Del Percio, Claudio, Noce, Giuseppe, Pascarelli, Maria Teresa, Lizio, Roberta, Teipel, Stefan J., González-Escamilla, Gabriel, Bakardjian, Hovagim, George, Nathalie, Cavedo, Enrica, Lista, Simone, Chiesa, Patrizia Andrea, Vergallo, Andrea, Lemercier, Pablo, Spinelli, Giuseppe, Grothe, Michel J., Potier, Marie-Claude, Stocchi, Fabrizio, and Ferri, Raffaele
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ALPHA rhythm , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *ALZHEIMER'S disease , *HIGHER education , *POWER density - Abstract
Cognitive reserve is present in Alzheimer's disease (AD) seniors with high education attainment making them clinically resilient to extended brain neuropathology and neurodegeneration. Here, we tested whether subjective memory complaint (SMC) seniors with AD neuropathology and high education attainment of the prospective INSIGHT-preAD cohort (Paris) may present abnormal eyes-closed resting state posterior electroencephalographic rhythms around individual alpha frequency peak, typically altered in AD patients. The SMC participants negative to amyloid PET AD markers (SMCneg) with high (over low-moderate) education level showed higher posterior alpha 2 power density (possibly "neuroprotective"). Furthermore, amyloid PET-positive SMC (SMCpos) participants with high (over low-moderate) education level showed higher temporal alpha 3 power density (possibly "neuroprotective") and lower posterior alpha 2 power density (possibly "compensatory"). This effect may reflect cognitive reserve as no differences in brain gray-white matter, and cognitive functions were observed between these SMCpos/SMCneg subgroups. Preclinical Alzheimer's neuropathology may interact with education attainment and neurophysiological mechanisms generating cortical alpha rhythms around individual alpha frequency peak (i.e., alpha 2 and 3) in quiet wakefulness. • EEG alpha rhythms reflect subjective memory complaint (SMC) and education attainment. • Interaction of alpha rhythms, above variables, and Alzheimer's neuropathology. • Education attainment is related to both neuroprotective and compensatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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176. The impact of eye contact on the sense of agency.
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Ulloa, José Luis, Vastano, Roberta, George, Nathalie, and Brass, Marcel
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EYE contact - Abstract
• Possible links between the sense of agency and eye contact are tested. • Eye contact was found to increase the sense of agency as assessed by intentional binding. • The effect of eye contact was independent of whether the eye contact precedes or follows a key press. • The effect of eye contact is restricted to certain time frames. Recent research suggests that eye contact can lead to enhanced self-awareness. A related phenomenon, the sense of agency deals with the notion of the self as the origin of our actions. Possible links between eye contact and agency have been so far neglected. Here, we investigated whether an implicit sense of agency could be modulated by eye gaze. We asked participants to respond (button press) to a face stimulus: looking or not at the participant (experiment 1); or displaying distinct eye gaze before or after a mask (experiment 2). After each trial, participants estimated the time between their key press and the ensuing effects. We found enhanced intentional binding for conditions that involved direct compared to averted gaze. This study supports the idea that eye contact is an important cue that affects complex cognitive processes and suggests that modulating self-processing can impact the sense of agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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177. How occupational status influences the processing of faces: An EEG study.
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Breton, Audrey, Ligneul, Romain, Jerbi, Karim, George, Nathalie, Baudouin, Jean-Yves, and Van der Henst, Jean-Baptiste
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ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *SOCIAL hierarchies , *OCCUPATIONAL prestige , *SOCIAL classes , *SOCIAL influence - Abstract
Abstract This study examines the influence of social hierarchy on the neural electrophysiological responses to faces. In contrast with earlier EEG studies that typically manipulate social rank through competitive situations, we implemented hierarchy through occupational status and thus contrasted faces associated with high- vs. low-status (e.g. lawyer vs. waiter). Since social hierarchies are largely intertwined with gender, both female and male faces were used as stimuli, and both female and male participants were tested. The procedure consisted in presenting a status label before the face it was associated with. The analyses focused mainly on two components that have been shown to be modulated by competitive hierarchies and other social contexts, namely the N170 and the Late Positive Potential (LPP). The results indicated that gender, but not status, modulated the N170 amplitude. Moreover, high-status faces elicited larger LPP amplitude than low-status faces but this difference was driven by female participants. This gender effect is discussed in line with research showing that women and men are sensitive to different kinds of hierarchy. Methodological differences are considered to account for the discrepancy between studies that find an effect of hierarchy on the N170 and those that do not. Highlights • ERPs elicited by faces associated with distinct occupational statuses and gender. • Face gender, but not status, modulated the N170 component. • High-status faces elicited larger LPP amplitude than low-status faces. • The LPP sensitivity to status was driven by female participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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178. Decreasing subthalamic deep brain stimulation frequency reverses cognitive interference during gait initiation in Parkinson's disease.
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Varriale, Pasquale, Collomb-Clerc, Antoine, Van Hamme, Angele, Perrochon, Anaik, Kemoun, Gilles, Sorrentino, Giuseppe, George, Nathalie, Lau, Brian, Karachi, Carine, and Welter, Marie-Laure
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DEEP brain stimulation , *PARKINSON'S disease , *BRAIN stimulation , *DOPAMINERGIC mechanisms , *BRAIN disease treatment - Abstract
Highlights • High and low-frequency STN-DBS improve gait initiation in PD in absence of cognitive interference. • High-frequency STN-DBS alters gait initiation during cognitive loading context. • Low-frequency STN-DBS preserves gait initiation when coupled with cognitive load. Abstract Objective Freezing of gait (FOG) represents a major burden for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. High-frequency (130-Hz) subthalamic deep-brain-stimulation (STN-DBS) has been reported to aggravate FOG whereas lowering the frequency to 60–80 Hz improves FOG. To further understand the effects of STN-DBS on FOG, we assessed the effects of 80-Hz and 130-Hz STN-DBS on gait initiation performance, in relation to motor and executive function processing. Methods Gait initiation was recorded in 19 PD patients and 20 controls, combined or not with a cognitive interference task with a modified Stroop paradigm. PD patients were recorded before surgery with and without dopaminergic treatment, and after surgery with 80-Hz and 130-Hz STN-DBS in a randomised double-blind crossover study. Results In the absence of cognitive interference, PD patients exhibited significant gait initiation improvement with dopaminergic treatment, 80-Hz and 130-Hz STN-DBS. Nine patients performed the cognitive interference task. With 130-Hz STN-DBS, all gait initiation parameters were significantly degraded, whereas the cognitive interference task induced no major changes before surgery and with 80-Hz STN-DBS, as in controls. Conclusions High-frequency STN-DBS leads to an inability to simultaneously process motor and cognitive information while this ability seems preserved with low-frequency STN-DBS. Significance This study supports the potential benefit of 80-Hz STN-DBS on FOG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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179. Gaze perception induces early attention orienting effects in occipito-parietal regions.
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Ulloa, José Luis, Dubal, Stéphanie, Yahia-Cherif, Lydia, and George, Nathalie
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GAZE , *ATTENTION , *VISUAL fields , *CEREBRAL hemispheres , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *BRAIN stimulation - Abstract
Other's eye gaze is a powerful attention orienting cue that can change our perception of objects in the environment. Here, we seek to characterize the influence of attention orienting by eye gaze on the neural processing of visual targets. We used a Posner-like cueing paradigm to investigate with magnetoencephalography the brain responses associated with target processing. We analyzed the cerebral sources of the evoked responses to visual targets that were validly or invalidly cued by eye gaze. The effect of attention orienting was reflected in faster reaction times to valid than invalid targets. At the brain level, we showed an early influence of attention orienting by gaze with enhanced brain responses for invalid relative to valid targets. This influence was maximum contra-laterally to the target, with a right hemisphere dominance. Responses to targets presented in the left visual field were modulated between 91 and 400 ms in the right posterior parietal and occipital cortices. Responses to targets presented in the right visual field were modulated between 174 and 218 ms in the left superior parietal cortex. Our results confirm previous EEG studies that demonstrated early influence of attention orienting by gaze on target processing and provide evidence for the sources of this effect in occipito-parietal regions. This early influence may reflect the first stage of the perceptual changes induced by social attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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180. Visual Information Routes in the Posterior Dorsal and Ventral Face Network Studied with Intracranial Neurophysiology and White Matter Tract Endpoints
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Vera Dinkelacker, Claude Adam, Katia Lehongre, Virginie Lambrecq, Franco Pestilli, Mariana Babo-Rebelo, Aina Puce, Nathalie George, Daniel Bullock, Laurent Hugueville, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research - CENIR, Sorbonne Université (SU), Le Centre de Magnétoencéphalographie et d'Electroencéphalographie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (MEG-EEG), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University College of London [London] (UCL), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Rothschild [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Programs in Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Indiana University, Department of Neurology, Rothschild Foundation, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and GEORGE, Nathalie
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genetic structures ,[SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cortex (anatomy) ,media_common ,Temporal cortex ,0303 health sciences ,Brain Mapping ,[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01870 ,iEEG ,05 social sciences ,Electroencephalography ,Superior temporal sulcus ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,White Matter ,Temporal Lobe ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Original Article ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Psychology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Neurophysiology ,emotion ,occipitotemporal cortex ,Intraparietal sulcus ,Biology ,Stimulus (physiology) ,gaze ,050105 experimental psychology ,White matter ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,03 medical and health sciences ,Perception ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,AcademicSubjects/MED00385 ,030304 developmental biology ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,face ,Social cue ,Gaze ,AcademicSubjects/MED00310 ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Occipito-temporal regions within the face network process perceptual and socio-emotional information, but the dynamics and interactions between different nodes within this network remain unknown. Here, we analyzed intracerebral EEG from 11 epileptic patients viewing a stimulus sequence beginning with a neutral face with direct gaze. The gaze could avert or remain direct, while the emotion changed to fearful or happy. N200 field potential peak latencies indicated that face processing begins in inferior occipital cortex and proceeds anteroventrally to fusiform and inferior temporal cortices, in parallel. The superior temporal sulcus responded preferentially to gaze changes with augmented field potential amplitudes for averted versus direct gaze, and large effect sizes relative to other regions of the network. An overlap analysis of posterior white matter tractography endpoints (from 1066 healthy brains) relative to active intracerebral electrodes from the 11 patients showed likely involvement of both dorsal and ventral posterior white matter pathways. The inferior occipital and temporal sulci likely broadcast their information - the former dorsally to intraparietal sulcus, and the latter between fusiform and superior temporal cortex. Overall, our data call for inclusion of inferior temporal cortex in face processing models, and anchor the superior temporal cortex in dynamic gaze processing.
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- 2021
181. Statistical power: implications for planning MEG studies
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Nathalie George, Aina Puce, Maximilien Chaumon, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Programs in Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, Indiana University, GEORGE, Nathalie, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Boosting (machine learning) ,Computer science ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Cognitive neuroscience ,050105 experimental psychology ,Statistical power ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sensor array ,Position (vector) ,Orientation ,Connectome ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Mathematics ,Brain Mapping ,MEG ,Anatomical location ,Human Connectome Project ,[STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME] ,Distance ,business.industry ,Orientation (computer vision) ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Brain ,Magnetoencephalography ,Pattern recognition ,Electroencephalography ,Neurophysiology ,Amplitude ,Neurology ,Line (geometry) ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Noise (video) ,Artificial intelligence ,Source modeling ,business ,Monte Carlo Method ,[STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME] ,Simulation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Statistical power is key for robust, replicable science. Here, we systematically explored how numbers of trials and subjects affect statistical power in MEG sensor-level data. More specifically, we simulated “experiments” using the MEG resting-state dataset of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We divided the data in two conditions, injected a dipolar source at a known anatomical location in the “signal condition”, but not in the “noise condition”, and detected significant differences at sensor level with classical paired t-tests across subjects. The group-level detectability of these simulated effects varied drastically with their anatomical origin. We thus examined in detail which spatial properties of the sources affected detectability, looking specifically at the distance and orientation of the source with respect to the closest sensor, and at the variability of these parameters across subjects. In line with previous single-subject studies, we found that the most detectable effects originate from source positions that are closest to the sensors and oriented tangentially with respect to the sensor array. In addition, cross-subject variability in orientation also affected group-level detectability, boosting detection in regions where this variability was small and hindering detection in regions where it was large. Incidentally, we observed a considerable covariation of source position, orientation, and their cross-subject variability in individual brain anatomical space, making it difficult to assess the impact of each of these variables independently of one another. Therefore, we performed an additional set of simulations with the same simulation strategy as before, but this time, controlling spatial properties independently of individual anatomy. This allowed us to disentangle the effects of position, orientation, and cross-subject variability of these properties on detectability, confirming the strong impact of distance and orientation. Moreover, it showed that orientation variability across subjects affects detectability, whereas position variability does not. Importantly, our study indicates that strict unequivocal recommendations as to the ideal number of trials and subjects for any experiment cannot be realistically provided for neurophysiological studies. Rather, it highlights the importance of considering the spatial constraints underlying expected sources of activity while planning experiments. This is particularly relevant for performing network level analyses in cognitive neuroscience studies, where nodes in a network cannot be considered equally detectable. Finally, we note that this variation in detectability may also partly account for the over-representation of some fields of study over others in the MEG domain (e.g. sensorimotor and auditory studies). Highlights Adequate sample size (number of subjects and trials) is key to robust neuroscience We simulated evoked MEG experiments and examined sensor-level detectability Statistical power varied by distance, orientation & between-subject variability Source detectability at sensor-level should be considered in network-based studies Select sample size for MEG source in the network that has lowest statistical power
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- 2021
182. Mind-Wandering Changes in Dysphoria
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Alice Guesdon, François-Xavier Lejeune, Jean-Yves Rotgé, Nathalie George, Philippe Fossati, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GEORGE, Nathalie, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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cognition ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,mood ,[SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,Dysphoria ,tune-out ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Mind-wandering ,medicine ,zone-out ,Time orientation ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Major depressive episode ,dysphoria ,mind wandering ,media_common ,Original Research ,Psychiatry ,SART ,[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,General Commentary ,Autobiographical memory ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Cognition ,mind-wandering ,030227 psychiatry ,mind blanking ,experience sampling ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,depression ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Vigilance (psychology) ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
International audience; Changes in mind-wandering (MW) and involuntary autobiographical memory (IAM) in dysphoria have been explored with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate both MW and IAM in a group of 23 stable dysphoric participants compared to 37 controls and to compare their thoughts characteristics (i.e., specificity, visual perspective, time orientation, and emotional valence). To make this study comparable with previous research, we used two different monotonous vigilance tasks (with and without verbal interference stimuli). Our results showed a significantly greater focus on MW thoughts in dysphoria. The characteristics of spontaneous thoughts content did not differ significantly between our dysphoric participants and controls, which is not in favor of strong emotional dysfunction. Our results suggest a difficulty to regulate the occurrence of self-generated thoughts rather than their content, that may confer to dysphoric subjects increased cognitive risk to develop a major depressive episode.
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- 2020
183. A neuroscientific approach to increase gender equality
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Nicolas Renier, Violetta Zujovic, Cécile Delarasse, Bassem A. Hassan, Alexandra Durr, Nathalie George, Alexandra Auffret, Charlotte Rosso, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Magali Dumont, Eric Burguière, Emmanuelle Volle, Christiane Schreiweis, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Neurobiologie des processus adaptatifs (NPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cogimage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action (LPPA), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GEORGE, Nathalie, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Social Psychology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Sexism ,MEDLINE ,[SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cognitive neuroscience ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,0302 clinical medicine ,5. Gender equality ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,10. No inequality ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Gender equality ,Stereotyping ,Gender identity ,[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Academies and Institutes ,Gender Identity ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.GENRE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Gender studies ,3. Good health ,Leadership ,[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,France ,Psychology ,[SHS.GENRE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Gender studies ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
International audience; To the Editor-Gender inequality is prevalent in many countries and cultures, and it persists despite our awareness of it and the policies some countries have put in place to combat it. France, for example, offers significant opportunities to enable women to handle both career and personal life: it provides a social healthcare system that was ranked No. 1 by the World Health Organization in 2000, a legal framework promoting gender equality 1 , and relatively accessible and affordable childcare and scholastic infrastructure. Herein lies the paradox: despite France having a strong reputation for providing a favourable social and professional context, French women still lag behind French men in their careers. One of the main reasons gender inequality persists despite this supportive infrastructure is the perpetuation of implicit biases and gender stereotypes. These shape the way we behave, our ability to recognize unequal treatment, the willingness of disadvantaged individuals to speak up, and even the research conducted in institutions that have been raising awareness of gender inequalities in science since 2001 2,3
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- 2019
184. Very early modulation of brain responses to neutral faces by a single prior association with an emotional context: Evidence from MEG
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Morel, Shasha, Beaucousin, Virginie, Perrin, Margaux, and George, Nathalie
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BRAIN physiology , *EMOTIONS , *CONTEXT effects (Psychology) , *MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY , *BRAIN stimulation , *DIFFERENTIAL psychology - Abstract
Abstract: Recent electrophysiological studies have demonstrated modulations of the very first stages of visual processing (<100ms) due to prior experience. This indicates an influence of a memory trace on the earliest stages of stimulus processing. Here we investigated if emotional audio-verbal information associated with faces on first encounter can affect the very early responses to those faces on subsequent exposure. We recorded magneto-encephalographic (MEG) responses to neutral faces that had been previously associated with positive (happy), negative (angry) or neutral auditory verbal emotional contexts. Our results revealed a very early (30–60ms) difference in the brain responses to the neutral faces according to the type of previously associated emotional context, with a clear dissociation between the faces previously associated to positive vs. negative or neutral contexts. Source localization showed that two main regions were involved in this very early association effect: the bilateral ventral occipito-temporal regions and the right anterior medial temporal region. These results provide evidence that the memory trace of a face integrates positive emotional cues present in the context of prior encounter and that this emotional memory can influence the very first stages of face processing. These experimental findings support the idea that face perception can be shaped by experience from its earliest stages and in particular through emotional association effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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185. Social Contact Enhances Bodily Self-Awareness
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Morgan Beaurenaut, Laurence Conty, Nathalie George, Nesrine Hazem, Cognitions Humaine et ARTificielle (CHART), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Centre de Magnétoencéphalographie et d'Electroencéphalographie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (MEG-EEG), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fonctionnement et Dysfonctionnement Cognitifs : Les âges de la vie (DysCo), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), GEORGE, Nathalie, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
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Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Self-concept ,[SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,Eye contact ,lcsh:Medicine ,050105 experimental psychology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Stimulus modality ,Perception ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Empirical evidence ,lcsh:Science ,Social Behavior ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,Modalities ,[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Social nature ,lcsh:R ,[SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Awareness ,Self Concept ,Touch Perception ,Self-awareness ,[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Auditory Perception ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Human self-awareness is arguably the most important and revealing question of modern sciences. Converging theoretical perspectives link self-awareness and social abilities in human beings. In particular, mutual engagement during social interactions—or social contact—would boost self-awareness. Yet, empirical evidence for this effect is scarce. We recently showed that the perception of eye contact induces enhanced bodily self-awareness. Here, we aimed at extending these findings by testing the influence of social contact in auditory and tactile modalities, in order to demonstrate that social contact enhances bodily self-awareness irrespective of sensory modality. In a first experiment, participants were exposed to hearing their own first name (as compared to another unfamiliar name and noise). In a second experiment, human touch (as compared to brush touch and no-touch) was used as the social contact cue. In both experiments, participants demonstrated more accurate rating of their bodily reactions in response to emotional pictures following the social contact condition—a proxy of bodily self-awareness. Further analyses indicated that the effect of social contact was comparable across tactile, auditory and visual modalities. These results provide the first direct empirical evidence in support of the essential social nature of human self-awareness.
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- 2018
186. Functional disconnection of associative cortical areas predicts performance during BCI training.
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Corsi, Marie-Constance, Chavez, Mario, Schwartz, Denis, George, Nathalie, Hugueville, Laurent, Kahn, Ari E., Dupont, Sophie, Bassett, Danielle S., and De Vico Fallani, Fabrizio
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BRAIN-computer interfaces , *HUMAN beings , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY - Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been largely developed to allow communication, control, and neurofeedback in human beings. Despite their great potential, BCIs perform inconsistently across individuals and the neural processes that enable humans to achieve good control remain poorly understood. To address this question, we performed simultaneous high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings in a motor imagery-based BCI training involving a group of healthy subjects. After reconstructing the signals at the cortical level, we showed that the reinforcement of motor-related activity during the BCI skill acquisition is paralleled by a progressive disconnection of associative areas which were not directly targeted during the experiments. Notably, these network connectivity changes reflected growing automaticity associated with BCI performance and predicted future learning rate. Altogether, our findings provide new insights into the large-scale cortical organizational mechanisms underlying BCI learning, which have implications for the improvement of this technology in a broad range of real-life applications. • We discovered that BCI skill acquisition depends on specific brain network changes. • These network changes predict the BCI learning rate in a longitudinal training. • Our results could pave the way to an improvement of the BCI performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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187. Different patterns of recollection impairment in confabulation reveal different disorders of consciousness: A multiple case study
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Valentina La Corte, Mara Serra, Nathalie George, Pascale Pradat-Diehl, Gianfranco Dalla Barba, La Corte, Valentina, Serra, Mara, George, Nathalie, Pradat Diehl, Pascale, and DALLA BARBA, Gianfranco
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Adult ,Male ,Confabulation ,Consciousness ,Consciousne ,Temporality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Memory, Episodic ,Amnesia ,Disorders of consciousness ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Recollection ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,medicine ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Semantic memory ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Episodic memory ,media_common ,Memory Disorders ,Recall ,05 social sciences ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Mental Recall ,Consciousness Disorders ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Recollection is used to refer to the active process of setting up retrieval cues, evaluating the outcome, and systematically working toward a representation of a past experience that we find acceptable. In this study we report on three patients showing different patterns of confabulation affecting recollection and consciousness differentially. All patients confabulated in the episodic past domain. However, whereas in one patient confabulation affected only recollection of events concerning his personal past, present and future, in another patient confabulation also affected recollection of impersonal knowledge. The third patient showed an intermediate pattern of confabulation, which affected selectively the retrieval of past information, both personal and impersonal. We suggest that our results are in favor of a fractionation of processes involved in recollection underling different disorders of consciousness.
- Published
- 2016
188. Influence of feedback transparency on motor imagery neurofeedback performance: the contribution of agency.
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Dussard C, Pillette L, Dumas C, Pierrieau E, Hugueville L, Lau B, Jeunet-Kelway C, and George N
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- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Neurofeedback methods, Neurofeedback physiology, Imagination physiology, Electroencephalography methods, Psychomotor Performance physiology
- Abstract
Objective. Neurofeedback (NF) is a cognitive training procedure based on real-time feedback (FB) of a participant's brain activity that they must learn to self-regulate. A classical visual FB delivered in a NF task is a filling gauge reflecting a measure of brain activity. This abstract visual FB is not transparently linked-from the subject's perspective-to the task performed (e.g., motor imagery (MI)). This may decrease the sense of agency, that is, the participants' reported control over FB. Here, we assessed the influence of FB transparency on NF performance and the role of agency in this relationship. Approach. Participants performed a NF task using MI to regulate brain activity measured using electroencephalography. In separate blocks, participants experienced three different conditions designed to vary transparency: FB was presented as either (1) a swinging pendulum, (2) a clenching virtual hand, (3) a clenching virtual hand combined with a motor illusion induced by tendon vibration. We measured self-reported agency and user experience after each NF block. Main results . We found that FB transparency influences NF performance. Transparent visual FB provided by the virtual hand resulted in significantly better NF performance than the abstract FB of the pendulum. Surprisingly, adding a motor illusion to the virtual hand significantly decreased performance relative to the virtual hand alone. When introduced in incremental linear mixed effect models, self-reported agency was significantly associated with NF performance and it captured the variance related to the effect of FB transparency on NF performance. Significance . Our results highlight the relevance of transparent FB in relation to the sense of agency. This is likely an important consideration in designing FB to improve NF performance and learning outcomes., (Creative Commons Attribution license.)
- Published
- 2024
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189. The memory binding test can anticipate Alzheimer's disease diagnosis at an early preclinical stage: a longitudinal study in the INSIGHTpreAD cohort.
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Raposo Pereira F, George N, Dalla Barba G, Dubois B, and La Corte V
- Abstract
Introduction: Anticipating the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an early asymptomatic at-risk stage, where therapeutics can more effectively delay conscious cognitive decline, is currently among the biggest challenges in the field. Herein, we aimed to compare the capacity of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) with the official diagnostic tool, the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), to anticipate AD diagnosis at an early preclinical stage based on the associative memory component of MBT (binding), suggested as more sensitive to the emergence of subtle episodic memory (EM) deficits (AD hallmark)., Methods: We assessed the tests performance longitudinally (over 5 years) in 263 cognitively-normal elderly individuals at risk of AD (>6 months of subjective memory complaints) using linear mixed-effect models controlled for age, sex, and education. We stratified participants in 2 models: amyloid-β (Aβ)/neurodegeneration (N) model, assessing Aβ burden and neurodegeneration effect [3 groups: controls (Aβ-/N-); stable/N- (Aβ+); stable/N+ (Aβ+)]; and the stable/progressors model, assessing progression to prodromal-AD effect [2 groups: stable (Aβ+); progressors (Aβ+)], based on 15 subjects who progressed to AD during follow-up (excluded once diagnosed)., Results: Aβ burden was associated with significantly less MBT-intrusions, while Aβ burden and neurodegeneration together, with the most. Progression status had a strong negative effect on both tests performance. When compared with the FCSRT, the MBT seems to anticipate diagnosis based on a worst performance in a higher number of scores (including binding) in at least a year., Discussion: Anticipation of diagnosis to an asymptomatic at-risk stage, while participants remain cognitively-normal according to FCSRT cut-offs and unaware of objective EM deficits, has the potential to delay the onset of AD-linked cognitive decline by applying promising therapeutics before decline becomes too advanced., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Raposo Pereira, George, Dalla Barba, Dubois and La Corte.)
- Published
- 2024
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190. Author Correction: brainlife.io: a decentralized and open-source cloud platform to support neuroscience research.
- Author
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Hayashi S, Caron BA, Heinsfeld AS, Vinci-Booher S, McPherson B, Bullock DN, Bertò G, Niso G, Hanekamp S, Levitas D, Ray K, MacKenzie A, Avesani P, Kitchell L, Leong JK, Nascimento-Silva F, Koudoro S, Willis H, Jolly JK, Pisner D, Zuidema TR, Kurzawski JW, Mikellidou K, Bussalb A, Chaumon M, George N, Rorden C, Victory C, Bhatia D, Aydogan DB, Yeh FF, Delogu F, Guaje J, Veraart J, Fischer J, Faskowitz J, Fabrega R, Hunt D, McKee S, Brown ST, Heyman S, Iacovella V, Mejia AF, Marinazzo D, Craddock RC, Olivetti E, Hanson JL, Garyfallidis E, Stanzione D, Carson J, Henschel R, Hancock DY, Stewart CA, Schnyer D, Eke DO, Poldrack RA, Bollmann S, Stewart A, Bridge H, Sani I, Freiwald WA, Puce A, Port NL, and Pestilli F
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
191. Cerebral Plasticity after Lengthening Temporalis Myoplasty in Facial Palsy: A Magnetoencephalography Study.
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Hervochon R, Chaumon M, Ziri D, Foirest C, Schwartz D, George N, and Tankere F
- Published
- 2024
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192. brainlife.io: a decentralized and open-source cloud platform to support neuroscience research.
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Hayashi S, Caron BA, Heinsfeld AS, Vinci-Booher S, McPherson B, Bullock DN, Bertò G, Niso G, Hanekamp S, Levitas D, Ray K, MacKenzie A, Avesani P, Kitchell L, Leong JK, Nascimento-Silva F, Koudoro S, Willis H, Jolly JK, Pisner D, Zuidema TR, Kurzawski JW, Mikellidou K, Bussalb A, Chaumon M, George N, Rorden C, Victory C, Bhatia D, Aydogan DB, Yeh FF, Delogu F, Guaje J, Veraart J, Fischer J, Faskowitz J, Fabrega R, Hunt D, McKee S, Brown ST, Heyman S, Iacovella V, Mejia AF, Marinazzo D, Craddock RC, Olivetti E, Hanson JL, Garyfallidis E, Stanzione D, Carson J, Henschel R, Hancock DY, Stewart CA, Schnyer D, Eke DO, Poldrack RA, Bollmann S, Stewart A, Bridge H, Sani I, Freiwald WA, Puce A, Port NL, and Pestilli F
- Subjects
- Humans, Neuroimaging methods, Reproducibility of Results, Software, Brain physiology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Neurosciences methods, Cloud Computing
- Abstract
Neuroscience is advancing standardization and tool development to support rigor and transparency. Consequently, data pipeline complexity has increased, hindering FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) access. brainlife.io was developed to democratize neuroimaging research. The platform provides data standardization, management, visualization and processing and automatically tracks the provenance history of thousands of data objects. Here, brainlife.io is described and evaluated for validity, reliability, reproducibility, replicability and scientific utility using four data modalities and 3,200 participants., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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193. The Memory Binding Test Detects Early Subtle Episodic Memory Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Study.
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Rapos Pereira F, George N, Dalla Barba G, Dubois B, and La Corte V
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- Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Mental Recall physiology, Memory Disorders diagnosis, Memory Disorders etiology, Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Memory, Episodic, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The asymptomatic at-risk phase might be the optimal time-window to establish clinically meaningful endpoints in Alzheimer's disease (AD)., Objective: We investigated whether, compared with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), the Memory Binding Test (MBT) can anticipate the diagnosis of emergent subtle episodic memory (EM) deficits to an at-risk phase., Methods: Five-year longitudinal FCSRT and MBT scores from 45 individuals matched for age, education, and gender, were divided into 3 groups of 15 subjects: Aβ-/controls, Aβ+/stable, and Aβ+/progressors (preclinical-AD). The MBT adds an associative memory component (binding), particularly sensitive to subtle EM decline., Results: In the MBT, EM decline started in the Aβ+/progressors (preclinical-AD) up to 4 years prior to diagnosis in delayed free recall (FR), followed by decline in binding-associated scores 1 year later. Conversely, in the FCSRT, EM-decline began later, up to 3 years prior to diagnosis, in the same group on both immediate and delayed versions of FR, while on total recall (TR) and intrusions decline started only 1 year prior to diagnosis., Conclusions: The MBT seems more sensitive than the FCSRT for early EM-decline detection, regarding the year of diagnosis and the number of scores showing AD-linked EM deficits (associated with the AD-characteristic amnesic hippocampal syndrome). Considering the MBT as a detection tool of early subtle EM-decline in an asymptomatic at-risk phase, and the FCSRT as a classification tool of stages of EM-decline from a preclinical phase, these tests ought to potentially become complementary diagnostic tools that can foster therapies to delay cognitive decline. Clinical trial registration title: Electrophysiological markers of the progression to clinical Alzheimer disease in asymptomatic at-risk individuals: a longitudinal event-related potential study of episodic memory in the INSIGHT pre-AD cohort (acronym: ePARAD).
- Published
- 2024
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194. Measuring neuronal avalanches to inform brain-computer interfaces.
- Author
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Corsi MC, Sorrentino P, Schwartz D, George N, Gollo LL, Chevallier S, Hugueville L, Kahn AE, Dupont S, Bassett DS, Jirsa V, and De Vico Fallani F
- Abstract
Large-scale interactions among multiple brain regions manifest as bursts of activations called neuronal avalanches, which reconfigure according to the task at hand and, hence, might constitute natural candidates to design brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). To test this hypothesis, we used source-reconstructed magneto/electroencephalography during resting state and a motor imagery task performed within a BCI protocol. To track the probability that an avalanche would spread across any two regions, we built an avalanche transition matrix (ATM) and demonstrated that the edges whose transition probabilities significantly differed between conditions hinged selectively on premotor regions in all subjects. Furthermore, we showed that the topology of the ATMs allows task-decoding above the current gold standard. Hence, our results suggest that neuronal avalanches might capture interpretable differences between tasks that can be used to inform brain-computer interfaces., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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195. Altering experienced utility by incidental affect: The interplay of valence and arousal in incidental affect infusion processes.
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Ling A, George N, Shiv B, and Plassmann H
- Subjects
- Humans, Arousal physiology, Attention, Happiness, Affect physiology, Emotions physiology, Music psychology
- Abstract
The way we evaluate an experience can be influenced by contextual factors that are unrelated to the experience at hand. A prominent factor that has been shown to infuse into the evaluation processes is incidental affect. Prior research has examined the role of such incidental affect by either focusing on its valence or its arousal, while neglecting the interplay of these two components in the affect infusion process. Based on the affect-integration-motivation (AIM) framework from affective neuroscience, our research proposes a novel arousal transport hypothesis (ATH) that describes how valence and arousal of an affective state jointly influence the evaluation of experiences. We test the ATH in a set of multimethod studies combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), skin conductance recording, automated facial affect recording, and behavioral approaches across a range of sensory modalities including auditory, gustatory, and visual. We find that positive incidental affect, induced by viewing affect-laden pictures (vs. neutral pictures) or winning (vs. not winning) monetary rewards, enhances how much an experience (i.e., listening to music, consuming wines, or looking at images) is enjoyed. Tracking moment-based changes of affective states at the neurophysiological level, we demonstrate that valence mediates reported enjoyment and that arousal is necessary to implement and moderate these mediating effects. We rule out alternative explanations for these mediation patterns such as the excitation transfer account and the attention narrowing account. Finally, we discuss how the ATH framework provides a new perspective to explain divergent decision outcomes caused by discrete emotions and its implications for effort-based decision-making. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2023
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196. Can a failure in the error-monitoring system explain unawareness of memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease?
- Author
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Razafimahatratra S, Guieysse T, Lejeune FX, Houot M, Medani T, Dreyfus G, Klarsfeld A, Villain N, Pereira FR, La Corte V, George N, Pantazis D, and Andrade K
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Synapses, Neuropsychological Tests, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Memory Disorders diagnosis, Memory Disorders physiopathology, Memory Disorders psychology, Agnosia diagnosis, Agnosia physiopathology, Agnosia psychology, Recognition, Psychology
- Abstract
Unawareness of memory deficits is an early manifestation in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which often delays diagnosis. This intriguing behavior constitutes a form of anosognosia, whose neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that anosognosia may depend on a critical synaptic failure in the error-monitoring system, which would prevent AD patients from being aware of their own memory impairment. To investigate, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by erroneous responses during a word memory recognition task in two groups of amyloid positive individuals with only subjective memory complaints at study entry: those who progressed to AD within the five-year study period (PROG group), and those who remained cognitively normal (CTRL group). A significant reduction in the amplitude of the positivity error (Pe), an ERP related to error awareness, was observed in the PROG group at the time of AD diagnosis (vs study entry) in intra-group analysis, as well as when compared with the CTRL group in inter-group analysis, based on the last EEG acquisition for all subjects. Importantly, at the time of AD diagnosis, the PROG group exhibited clinical signs of anosognosia, overestimating their cognitive abilities, as evidenced by the discrepancy scores obtained from caregiver/informant vs participant reports on the cognitive subscale of the Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the emergence of a failure in the error-monitoring system during a word memory recognition task at the early stages of AD. This finding, along with the decline of awareness for cognitive impairment observed in the PROG group, strongly suggests that a synaptic dysfunction in the error-monitoring system may be the critical neural mechanism at the origin of unawareness of deficits in AD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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197. brainlife.io : A decentralized and open source cloud platform to support neuroscience research.
- Author
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Hayashi S, Caron BA, Heinsfeld AS, Vinci-Booher S, McPherson B, Bullock DN, Bertò G, Niso G, Hanekamp S, Levitas D, Ray K, MacKenzie A, Kitchell L, Leong JK, Nascimento-Silva F, Koudoro S, Willis H, Jolly JK, Pisner D, Zuidema TR, Kurzawski JW, Mikellidou K, Bussalb A, Rorden C, Victory C, Bhatia D, Baran Aydogan D, Yeh FF, Delogu F, Guaje J, Veraart J, Bollman S, Stewart A, Fischer J, Faskowitz J, Chaumon M, Fabrega R, Hunt D, McKee S, Brown ST, Heyman S, Iacovella V, Mejia AF, Marinazzo D, Craddock RC, Olivetti E, Hanson JL, Avesani P, Garyfallidis E, Stanzione D, Carson J, Henschel R, Hancock DY, Stewart CA, Schnyer D, Eke DO, Poldrack RA, George N, Bridge H, Sani I, Freiwald WA, Puce A, Port NL, and Pestilli F
- Abstract
Neuroscience research has expanded dramatically over the past 30 years by advancing standardization and tool development to support rigor and transparency. Consequently, the complexity of the data pipeline has also increased, hindering access to FAIR data analysis to portions of the worldwide research community. brainlife.io was developed to reduce these burdens and democratize modern neuroscience research across institutions and career levels. Using community software and hardware infrastructure, the platform provides open-source data standardization, management, visualization, and processing and simplifies the data pipeline. brainlife.io automatically tracks the provenance history of thousands of data objects, supporting simplicity, efficiency, and transparency in neuroscience research. Here brainlife.io's technology and data services are described and evaluated for validity, reliability, reproducibility, replicability, and scientific utility. Using data from 4 modalities and 3,200 participants, we demonstrate that brainlife.io's services produce outputs that adhere to best practices in modern neuroscience research., Competing Interests: Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
- Published
- 2023
198. A brain atlas of axonal and synaptic delays based on modelling of cortico-cortical evoked potentials.
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Lemaréchal JD, Jedynak M, Trebaul L, Boyer A, Tadel F, Bhattacharjee M, Deman P, Tuyisenge V, Ayoubian L, Hugues E, Chanteloup-Forêt B, Saubat C, Zouglech R, Reyes Mejia GC, Tourbier S, Hagmann P, Adam C, Barba C, Bartolomei F, Blauwblomme T, Curot J, Dubeau F, Francione S, Garcés M, Hirsch E, Landré E, Liu S, Maillard L, Metsähonkala EL, Mindruta I, Nica A, Pail M, Petrescu AM, Rheims S, Rocamora R, Schulze-Bonhage A, Szurhaj W, Taussig D, Valentin A, Wang H, Kahane P, George N, and David O
- Subjects
- Bayes Theorem, Brain, Brain Mapping methods, Electric Stimulation methods, Humans, Epilepsy, Evoked Potentials physiology
- Abstract
Epilepsy presurgical investigation may include focal intracortical single-pulse electrical stimulations with depth electrodes, which induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials at distant sites because of white matter connectivity. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials provide a unique window on functional brain networks because they contain sufficient information to infer dynamical properties of large-scale brain connectivity, such as preferred directionality and propagation latencies. Here, we developed a biologically informed modelling approach to estimate the neural physiological parameters of brain functional networks from the cortico-cortical evoked potentials recorded in a large multicentric database. Specifically, we considered each cortico-cortical evoked potential as the output of a transient stimulus entering the stimulated region, which directly propagated to the recording region. Both regions were modelled as coupled neural mass models, the parameters of which were estimated from the first cortico-cortical evoked potential component, occurring before 80 ms, using dynamic causal modelling and Bayesian model inversion. This methodology was applied to the data of 780 patients with epilepsy from the F-TRACT database, providing a total of 34 354 bipolar stimulations and 774 445 cortico-cortical evoked potentials. The cortical mapping of the local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic time constants and of the axonal conduction delays between cortical regions was obtained at the population level using anatomy-based averaging procedures, based on the Lausanne2008 and the HCP-MMP1 parcellation schemes, containing 130 and 360 parcels, respectively. To rule out brain maturation effects, a separate analysis was performed for older (>15 years) and younger patients (<15 years). In the group of older subjects, we found that the cortico-cortical axonal conduction delays between parcels were globally short (median = 10.2 ms) and only 16% were larger than 20 ms. This was associated to a median velocity of 3.9 m/s. Although a general lengthening of these delays with the distance between the stimulating and recording contacts was observed across the cortex, some regions were less affected by this rule, such as the insula for which almost all efferent and afferent connections were faster than 10 ms. Synaptic time constants were found to be shorter in the sensorimotor, medial occipital and latero-temporal regions, than in other cortical areas. Finally, we found that axonal conduction delays were significantly larger in the group of subjects younger than 15 years, which corroborates that brain maturation increases the speed of brain dynamics. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide a local estimation of axonal conduction delays and synaptic time constants across the whole human cortex in vivo, based on intracerebral electrophysiological recordings., (© The Author(s) (2021). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.)
- Published
- 2022
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199. White matter correlates of hemi-face dominance in happy and sad expression.
- Author
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Ioannucci S, George N, Friedrich P, Cerliani L, and Thiebaut de Schotten M
- Subjects
- Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Functional Laterality, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways anatomy & histology, Brain anatomy & histology, Facial Expression, Facial Recognition physiology, Happiness, Sadness physiology, White Matter anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The neural underpinnings of human emotional expression are thought to be unevenly distributed among the two brain hemispheres. However, little is known on the anatomy supporting this claim, particularly in the cerebral white matter. Here, we explored the relationship between hemi-face dominance in emotional expression and cerebral white matter asymmetries in 33 healthy participants. Measures of emotional expression were derived from pictures of the participant's faces in a 'happy smiling' and a 'sad frowning' conditions. Chimeric faces were constructed by mirroring right and left hemi-faces, as done in previous studies, resulting in a left mirrored and right mirrored chimeric face per picture. To gain measures of hemi-face dominance per participant, a jury of 20 additional participants rated which chimeric face shows the higher intensity of emotional expressivity, by marking a 155 mm line between the two versions. Measures of the asymmetry of the uncinate, the cingulum and the three branches of superior longitudinal fasciculi were derived from diffusion-weighted imaging tractography dissections. Group effect analyses indicated that the degree of asymmetry in emotional expression was not as prominent as reported in the literature and showed a large inter-individual variability. The degree of asymmetry in emotional expression was, however, significantly associated with the asymmetries in connective properties of the fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal tracts, specifically the uncinate fasciculus and the first branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Therefore, this result raises novel hypotheses on the relationship of specific white matter tracts and emotional expression, especially their role in mood disorders.
- Published
- 2020
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200. A neuroscientific approach to increase gender equality.
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Schreiweis C, Volle E, Durr A, Auffret A, Delarasse C, George N, Dumont M, Hassan BA, Renier N, Rosso C, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Burguière E, and Zujovic V
- Subjects
- France, Gender Identity, Humans, Leadership, Academies and Institutes organization & administration, Cognitive Neuroscience, Sexism, Stereotyping
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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