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In Czech historical production and in the presentation of the rural environment in memory institutions, the peasant is an almost invisible person for the period of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, when the farmstead or peasant farm became a kind of showroom of commercialised, ethnically Czech agriculture. This was the case even though as a housewife (the wife of a farmer) she became a member of the middle class, part of the village elite. Literature, both fictional and academic, reflects on her care of her children and her diet, acknowledges her role in managing the farmstead, but leaves aside her spiritual life, her place in national society, and many other aspects. The presentation and visualisation of the Czech female peasant world should systematically show what was natural to it at the time and is unthinkable today, clarify the limits and boundaries of the social space that was reserved for female peasants and their daughters, explaining that the conservative tradition of the countryside has long limited women in their social and cultural roles, as well as in their fundamental economic roles. The female peasant is now a social category of the past and is therefore also unknown. The exploration of her life in the recent past contributes to the understanding of women’s emancipation, the economic and social modernisation of the countryside, and reminds us of a number of cultural and craft traditions slowly fading into oblivion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The masculine façade of the music Conservatoire belies the extent to which these establishments fostered close relationships between women. This article analyses the student cohorts of the Paris and St Petersburg Conservatoires in the early twentieth century, to show that women made up a formidable presence and created supportive communities within these institutional frameworks. It argues that these relationships not only facilitated women's involvement in public cultural life, but also impacted their private experience of music and listening, as illustrated by the close musical bond between sisters and conservatoire alumnae, Lili and Nadia Boulanger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convictions for sodomy were rare in eighteenth-century Antwerp. Nevertheless, the scarce trial records offer afascinating insight into the urban perception of sodomy as a foreign phenomenon. A sodomy trial involving several Dutch migrants infused anxieties about sodomite conspiracies across the city. Although early modern sodomy has mainly been studied from alocal or national point of view, this article shows that atransregional perspective regarding the repression of sodomy can shed new light on attitudes towards early modern deviant sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the origins of the Anabaptist doctrine of the "celestial flesh," which conceived Christ as generated purely out of the substance of the Godhead and thus possessing an entirely "celestial body." It argues that the origins of this doctrine lie in late medieval alchemical tracts adapted in Paracelsus's Liber de Sancta Trinitate of 1524, according to which God has a body of heavenly flesh out of which he brings forth a heavenly woman. Through their sexually conceived union the eternal son is begotten and born with a celestial body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present contribution starts from the debate about kinship as a social institution in medieval Europe initiated by Jack Goody's pioneering anthropological work in the 1980s and drawn upon by historians and anthropologists alike. We focus on the aspect of the allegedly systematic separation of kinship from the organization of memory of the dead brought about by the establishment of Christianity. However, throughout the European Middle Ages families did not completely cede memorial tasks to religious institutions. Rather, they re-affirmed memorial bonds to religious institutions by legal arrangements and through family members within these communities, just as kinship continued to play a key role in medieval political organization. Given their social heterogeneity medieval cities provide a rich documentation of networks across ties of family, kinship, friends, and clients that intersected with more institutionalized communities (parish churches, monasteries, hospitals). People bestowed economic benefits on these communities in return for their members' "eternal" prayer for the donators' souls. This created mutual bonds both between kin and religious communities. The ensuing forms of belonging were part of a more complex frame of social exchange, as families used the same institutions as "hubs" to corroborate social and political relations to their peers. These bonds would intersect with ties between representatives of kin groups with positions in key political organizations such as city councils. A further clue to understanding these relations is gender. Economic transactions and related memorial practices feature a considerable number of female actors underlining the salience of bilateral kin relations and practices of property devolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1920s and 1930s in Mexico were an important moment of transition for women's sport, as women's interests in sport as spectators and participants increased, giving rise to social debate. Much of these debates formed part of a broader discussion about the emergence of the 'modern woman' or, in the case of Mexico, la chica moderna. By focusing on the representation of the modern woman boxer in Mexican newspapers and popular media, this article analyses the socio-cultural construction of femininity through the discourse of sport in the postrevolutionary context of the 1920s and 1930s. This work considers how authors and publications with close ties to the postrevolutionary regime allocated the modern boxing woman a place within the postrevolutionary project, which provided the project a progressive appeal that argued for a true social equality. However, commentators also went to great lengths to reconcile the transgressive and modern character of women boxers with the state's more traditional discourses on acceptable femininity and clear limits remained in place for women. Nevertheless, the 1920s and 1930s witnessed a remarkable opening up of possibilities for alternative types of femininities in a context that sought to establish a new national citizen in terms of gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue of the journal Asian Studies will examine the cultural, social and intellectual legacies of the various Asian regions. Its geographical scope extends from China to Iran and from Afghanistan to Fujian. It examines different aspects of history, from classical and modern intellectual history to art, political and gender history. It clearly shows that the history of this vast and diverse region is complex.

With the renewed interest in material culture, not only the objects but also the written sources in which objects are documented get increasing attention. However, the focus is most often not directed to the sources themselves but rather to what they convey on objects of the past. Such an approach tends to reduce the sources to mere ‘quarries’ for information. This observation is particularly true for the paradigmatic source on objects, the inventory, which so far has received little attention as a specific type of source. Starting from a sample of 138 princely Italian and German inventories from the 14th and 16th centuries, which are complemented by a comparison with urban inventories, this paper points out the quality of textual thingness of inventories regarding them both as texts and objects. The thesis I propose is that inventories can become primordial documents for social, gender and cultural history if their narrative quality is taken seriously. | Mit dem erneuerten Interesse an der materiellen Kultur geraten nicht nur die Dinge, sondern auch die schriftlichen Quellen über Objekte in den Fokus. Das Interesse ist jedoch meist nicht auf die Dokumente selbst gerichtet, sondern auf ihre Aussagekraft über historische Artefakte. Ein solcher Zugang reduziert die Quellen zu reinen Steinbrüchen für Informationen. Dies gilt in besonderem Maß für die paradigmatische Quelle zu Objekten, das Inventar, das als Quellengattung selbst kaum Aufmerksamkeit erfuhr. Ausgehend von einem Korpus von 138 fürstlichen Inventaren aus dem italienischen und deutschen Kontext des 14. und 16. Jahrhunderts, ergänzt um Vergleiche mit städtischen Inventaren, arbeitet dieser Beitrag die spezielle Charakteristik von Inventaren in ihrer textuellen Dinghaftigkeit heraus, indem sie sowohl als Texte wie als Artefakte betrachtet werden. Nur wenn Inventare in ihrer narrativen Qualität ernst genommen werden, so die These, können sie als erstrangige Quellen für die Sozial-, Geschlechter- und Kulturgeschichte fungieren.

This article addresses the problems that pertain to macro-historical data in music research. By presenting examples from recent research on European ladies’ orchestras of the late nineteenth century, I aim to establish how large data sets could be used in a meaningful way. First, I shall present an overview of source materials. Second, methods for analyzing concert programmes will be critically assessed. Third, the possibilities of visualizing concert tours will be explored. Finally, special attention will be paid to questions regarding social class and gender.

This article traces the history and the operation of the Prix Mnémosyne since it was founded in 2003. It examines the distribution, by historic periods, of the prize-winning Master’s dissertations as well as the composition of the jury. The over-representation of the contemporary period not only in the number of essays in competition but also in the composition of the jury and the publication of books based on the winning dissertations reflect the importance of this period in the field of historical studies. The major role played by a small number of institutions where many of these essays were produced (Bordeaux-Montaigne, Caen, Lyon II, Paris VII, Rennes, Strasbourg and particularly the EHESS, Toulouse, Paris I and Paris IV) bears witness to the vitality of studies into the history of women and gender in part of the French university landscape.

The aim of this work is to delve into the history of Mexico’s colonial silk industry and of its workers in order to demonstrate, from a microsocial analysis, the existence of long-standing gender-exclusion processes and of integration mechanisms, displayed in the framework of institutional modernization, that were implied by the Bourbon Reforms on both sides of the Atlantic. To this end, an analysis of the bibliography on the subject has been made. The viceroyalty policies created to revive the industry have been briefly reconstructed and it has been possible, within this contextualization, to understand the circumstances in which the process was carried out. Multiple sources from the General Archives of the Nation of Mexico have been used to look into an episode of the social history of New Spain. In the course of the research, it has been found that women in the silk industry were not limited to spinning mills, and that they could have greater aspirations. Gertrudis Gutiérrez Estrada’s opposition to the silk spinning guild of Mexico City in 1795, and her triumph in the dispute, showed a circumvention of the restrictions imposed within the silk industry to a particular sex and the implementation of resistance mechanisms that were institutionally —by the Bourbon legislation— and socially —by her family— constructed. It was a paradigmatic case that served to modify, in 1806, all the guild ordinances of the time and it is, at the same time, one of many examples that must be traced in the archives in order to rethink the role of women in the colonial industry.

This article examines the emergence of the ban on women wrestlers from the sporting spectacle of lucha libre in Mexico City in the 1950s. Set against broader moral preoccupations about the growing popularity and visibility of lucha libre in Mexican society as a result of its broadcasting on television, luchadoras were seen as examples of transgressive femininity, which rendered attempts to make them invisible necessary. This work joins the efforts of scholars who write the history of women's participation and exclusion from sporting activities and contributes to the growing fields of sports studies and studies of mass culture within Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelope, Nausicaa, Ariadne, Sappho, Aspasia, Olympias, so many names of well-known female figures who have long served as the backdrop for the history of the Greeks without really questioning their own history. What about today? To answer I propose to follow my experience, that of a teacher-researcher at the university in France since the 1970s. This contribution built from a personal journey does not claim to be a synthesis of teaching and research on the history of women and gender in ancient history, but only one perspective among others. It describes the passage from a history of women to a history of gender, then to a mixed history which develops today in history of the ancient worlds, Greek and Roman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are far from the first, and expect we will not be the last, to wonder at the paucity of research on women, gender and sexuality in (Anglophone) environmental history. To borrow from Virginia Scharff, who was writing in 1999, environmental history still has a 'sex secret'. For all the insights of feminist scholarship, science studies, queer studies, women's history, gender history and histories of sexuality that have accumulated since then, many environmental historians still seem to find 'forest fires more fascinating than cooking fires', at least in Australia and the United States. Yet historical studies of women's garden making, environmental and animal welfare movements, domestic labour, knowledge making, 'alternative' environments and mountaineering (just to name a few areas of dynamic scholarship) show that women have indeed been agents of environmental change in ways that either conformed to or contested contemporary gender and sexual expectations. Arising from the 'Placing Gender' workshop held in Melbourne in 2018, this collection brings together four contributions that demonstrate different approaches to undertaking gender analysis in environmental history. Focusing on non-Indigenous women and men in the Anglo-world from the mid-nineteenth century, some adopt new tools to excavate familiar terrain, while others listen closely to voices that have been rarely heard in the field. Recasting the making of settler places in terms of their gendered production and experience not only enriches their own environmental history, we argue, but also broadens the historian's enquiry to encompass the other lands implicated in the production of settler places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Genero is the property of Genero and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie V, Historia Contemporánea is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This introduction to Aspasia's Special Forum on the history of men and masculinities under socialism demonstrates the interest and originality of applying critical men's studies and the history of masculinities to state-socialist Eastern Europe. It reviews existing scholarship within this field, stresses the persisting difficulties in analyzing everyday performances of gender and masculinities in socialist societies, and argues for adopting new approaches in order to get closer to a social and cultural history of masculinities. It puts the contributions to this Special Forum in their broader historiographical context--in particular, concerning studies on work, family, violence, war, disability, and generational change and youth--and shows how they will contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics and everyday performances of gender in state-socialist societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Swiss humanitarian organizations are meant to operate in strict compliance with the principle of neutrality, the Swiss Aid to Spanish Children organization, or Ayuda Suiza, centered the scope of its relief operations on Republican Spain during the Civil War. By analyzing the correspondence and photographic albums of one of its female collaborators, Elisabeth Eidenbenz, this article seeks to explain Ayuda Suiza's sympathies for the democratic cause as the result of the creation of a community of feeling according to which individual agents shaped their experiences through the mobilization of emotional practices, such as caring for victims, writing or taking photographs. I zoom out from a micro to a macro perspective to examine Eidenbenz's writings and photographs as manifestations of material culture produced to instill hope for the future among the victims of the Spanish Civil War. I consider these literary and visual documents not simply as historical sources but as emotional objects that encapsulate the past for present-day audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Weimar Republic has an important place in the history of Germany democracy, but a recognition of the strength of German women's political cultures and their role in shaping the post-war political landscape has been elusive. Women's experiences in the First World War and Weimar Republic have been extensively discussed, but often in ways that threaten to erase women's political agency. Moreover, the seismic shift signalled by women's suffrage has not been foregrounded in accounts of democratic history, and women's roles in the revolution of 1918 have been largely overlooked. Taking a gender historical approach, this article makes women's political cultures visible in two arenas important for an understanding of the post-war era: women's suffrage and women's revolutionary activism. While the focus is on the German national context, it is important to note that German women's organisations were embedded in international and transnational network organisations campaigning for women's social, professional and civic rights, and that their political cultures developed in dialogue with and awareness of what was happening elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article belongs to the special cluster, "Family, Gender and (dis)Abled Bodies after 1953", guest-edited by Maike Lehmann and Alexandra Oberländer. Research on the history of masculinities and fatherhood during state socialism in East Central Europe is still rare. Therefore, scholars in the field of women's and gender studies sometimes reproduce the idea of men in that region as stable characters across the period of socialist rule. In particular, they insist that "official," that is, state-sanctioned, representations of masculinity did not change. Yet, as I show, there is evidence that socialist authors, journalists, and even the politburos of the regions' communist parties did reflect on what they perceived as the need to change the conceptions of men and fathers. They advocated men's greater participation in housework and child care. In this article, I examine this "struggle for a socialist fatherhood" in the GDR, focusing mainly on the discussions and suggestions of sociologists, educationalists, psychologists, and sexologists active in the study of childhood and adolescence, sex education, or marriage and family. From the 1960s on, experts from these fields as well as communist politicians targeted increasingly men to implement equality in marriage and parenting. In the 1970s and 1980s, their suggestions became more and more concrete. These suggestions as well as the theoretical discussions demonstrate the enduring belief in the socialist society's ability to overcome traditional gender stereotypes. Even in the late 1980s, they were future directed and contained a utopian element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author analyzes new trends in historical science in the United States, which, during the period indicated in the article, developed on the basis of an interdisciplinary synthesis of existing methods of historical analysis with sociological ones. This trend passes through the prism of the scientific activities of the professor of the Department of Sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, Mounira Maya Sharad, a researcher in the field of political sociology, comparative historical sociology, social theory and gender politics in the countries of the Islamic world. The article contains an analysis of the initial period of the formation of Mounira as a scientist, who is a prominent representative of the postcolonial Tunisian intelligentsia, defines the vector of her scientific search for the traditional social structure of the Tunisian village and the status of Islamic women. Particular attention is paid to the influence of processes in American sociological science on the further professional activities of Mounira Charrad. Since the 1970s last century, historical sociology becomes the main vector of Mounira's study of social phenomena in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa and their typology, first of all, by the methods of comparative analysis, that is, by the method of corporate history. Mounira Charrad's study of the status of Islamic women was carried out in the context of "women's history", which was a significant area of new social history in the United States. The focus of these studies was on the history of the legal system in the Maghreb countries and the differences between the family law systems of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco were shown. A qualitatively new stage in the study of women in the Islamic world was Mounira's use of the methodology of gender-historical analysis developed by representatives of the American school of women's history. Mounira Charrad publishes a number of works in which she analyses the evolution and impact of public policy on gender in the Islamic world. The fundamental monograph by Mounira Charad “States and Women's Rights. The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco”, which has received worldwide recognition among the scientific community, is a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the state structures of the Maghreb countries with tribal, ethnic formations, primarily in the context of the legal system. The scientific activity of Mounira Charrad reflects the main new trends in American historical science of the last third of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio had a close relationship with women since its inception. The entrance into the receiver's home imbriced time and domestic space with radio broadcasts, not in vain, the female audience became its main standard. Once the "new State" was established, the Franco dictatorship reconfigured the function of radio as a pedagogical and propaganda device. The diffusive capacity and communicative power of the waves served the purposes of the regime that sought to cement the doctrines of national Catholicism. Radio talk practices built a system of gender and cultural representations that sought to root the ideal of femininity of the "perfect housewife". To this end, radio was a map of symbols and meanings that, on a daily and repeated basis, was modifying the female social imaginary and its social practices. In this article, we will aim to reflect what this series of discursive mechanisms consisted of and what role radio played as the builder of a representation system. To do this, we will analyze the scripts of the women's programs broadcast on the private station Radio Madrid during the chronology that we address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author investigates the possible consequences of open access for learned societies with their own journal, such as the Dutch–Flemish association for gender history. For learned societies, the advantage of open access is that contributions in their journals become easily accessible for researchers. But, it remains uncertain whether small associations are able to meet the technical requirements for open access. More important is the financial aspect. When the content of the journals of learned societies has to be online and freely accessible, members may no longer wish to support these associations financially. When the associations start losing members, they are affected financially and may no longer have the means to publish their journals. In this situation, they may lose more members and may, in the end, even be threatened in their existence. This has other consequences as well, because learned societies and their journals contribute to the diversity and vitality of the humanities and allow a wide audience to become acquainted with results from academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is the second part of an article that explores the 1941 diary of young provincial female Estonian Communist Luise Vaher (née Kapstas). The article focuses on the ideological and gender discourses in the diary and highlights its source value for the study of Soviet everyday life in general. Vaher evacuates to the Volga region with a mindset of a militant, true-believing Bolshevik, who labels everyday adversaries as "enemies of the people" and threatens them with the full potential of Soviet repressive power. Upon arriving in towns and cities on the banks of Volga river she is, however, struck by the wretched state of Soviet everyday life, its abject poverty, its technological backwardness, and cultural underdevelopment. Though these encounters challenge her belief in Communism (to the point of wishing to abandon politics altogether and begin a "new life as a young woman"), Vaher continues to embrace revolutionary dreams of social justice, a high-industrial future, and political purge. But the encounters with the Soviet reality also awaken her sense of Estonianness, as she considers herself culturally and politically (even racially) superior to the local population. Here, the article explores the socio-cultural baggage Vaher brings from her previous life in a capitalist and rather liberal Estonia, and how her life habits and cultural dispositions collide with the radical otherness of the Soviet civilization. In her observations, Vaher is particularly shocked by the brutal treatment of Soviet women, whom she describes as everyday victims of verbal and sexual abuse and draconian work-discipline laws. Nevertheless, these conscious grievances do not attain a level that would rattle Vaher's support for Communism. In the concluding remarks, I encourage further research on the ideological dimension of Estonian everyday thinking in 20th-century history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lieutenant Joseph de Dorlodot (1871–1941), a Belgian aristocrat and philanthropist, was the Director of the Belgian Correspondence and Documentation Office in Folkestone, England. This article uses the 'Joseph de Dorlodot' archive collection (Archives Générales du Royaume de Belgique, Bruxelles) to investigate the emotional support provided by the Correspondence Office during the First World War. Throughout the conflict, its mission was to facilitate the sending of mail between Belgians, to provide them with legal advice and to offer humanitarian assistance to those who were in material and emotional distress. This was particularly the case of soldiers at the front. In the spring of 1916, the Office set up a mail system between Belgian soldiers and wartime godmothers – 'marraines' – from Canada and the USA. Lieutenant de Dorlodot imposed a precise moral and political framework for correspondence, where an intimate space was created in order to strengthen patriotic sentiment on the one hand, and control masculinities and femininities on the other. Through their letter exchanges with soldiers, godmothers participated in the war effort by bringing emotional reinforcement to the front line, from their homes, through a type of caring work often ignored or at least disconnected from any notion of work in the history of the Great War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a Feminist perspective as a starting point, this introductory piece seeks not only to integrate women as the main agents within the history of humanitarian relief, but also to understand their assistance to victims, from the Franco-Prussian War to WWII, as a type of situated knowledge which was broadly associated with the notion of care through the implementation of practices such as dressing wounds, vaccinating, feeding and clothing vulnerable populations. This political and epistemological position allows us to analyse the agency of women humanitarians as a caring power involving strong gender, class, religious and colonial power relations within the history of Western Empires. Furthermore, our Feminist approach enables us to deconstruct the essentialist vision through which women humanitarians have frequently been depicted as compassionate mothers or loving angels, as well as to contextualize their contrasting experiences of complicity with Western Empires and resistance to male delegates and political and medical representatives. Far from heroic representations, women humanitarians had to navigate through complex global hierarchies although this did not necessarily come into conflict with their dreams about female emancipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Serbian historiography history of sexuality developed within (or together with) gender history. Along with several rare exemptions, both disciplines emerged during the 1990’s. As for history of sexuality, the first wave of studies dealt with medical and legal issues, such as abortion, divorce and prostitution. The similar development could be traced in other historiographies. This thematic disbalance derived partly from the nature of the first discovered sources (public health institutions, courts, police documentation). In the 21st century, history of sexuality flourished, as well as gender history, and for that matter, all other kinds of social history. Especially after 2010, relatively many published works dwelled on the LGBTQ topics. However, synthetic works such monographs are still missing.