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We show that the third Goldstone mode in the two-species condensate mixtures, which emerges at phase-separation, gets hardened when the confining potentials have separated trap centers. The sandwichtype condensate density profiles, in this case, acquire a side-by-sidedensity profile configuration. We use Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with Popov approximation to examine the mode evolution and density profiles for these phase transitions at T= 0.

Huge reserves of low-grade coals with low volatile in India have not yet secured their entry in iron and steel industries due to their poor caking characteristics, thereby establishing their suitability for coke making with specified requirements is a big challenge. Beneficiation and pre-treatment technology like stamping of coal mass prior to carbonisation are considered to be effective in producing such coke. The obtained results on a low volatile poor caking coal show that coal washing improves the properties of washed coal and its coke; washing followed by stamping improves the strength and reactivity of coke. Correlation developed evinces a linear dependence of (i) coke properties on stamping weight and of (ii) coke properties from washed coal on the coke properties from unwashed coal with significant R2value (range 0.704–0.990). The properties of coke (except Shatter index) from washed coal evince the correlation CSR′ = 191.4 + 1.712 GI′ − 1.3622 CRI′ − 2.686  − 0.495 , where GI′, 61.44–75.23; CRI′, 16.09–29.20; ,82.82–89.13 and 7.82–9.92 (R2 = 0.993).

The transmembrane protein Cx43 has key roles in fibrogenic processes including inflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix composition. aCT1 is a Cx43 mimetic peptide that in preclinical studies accelerated wound closure, decreased inflammation and granulation tissue area, and normalized mechanical properties after cutaneous injury. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of aCT1 in the reduction of scar formation in human incisional wounds. In a prospective, multicenter, within-participant controlled trial, patients with bilateral incisional wounds (≥10 mm) after laparoscopic surgery were randomized to receive acute treatment (immediately after wounding and 24 hours later) with an aCT1 gel formulation plus conventional standard of care protocols, involving moisture-retentive occlusive dressing, or standard of care alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was average scarring score using visual analog scales evaluating incision appearance and healing progress over 9 months. There was no significant difference in scar appearance between aCT1- or control-treated incisions after 1 month. At month 9, aCT1-treated incisions showed a 47% improvement in scar scores over controls (Vancouver Scar Scale; P = 0.0045), a significantly higher Global Assessment Scale score (P = 0.0009), and improvements in scar pigmentation, thickness, surface roughness, and mechanical suppleness. Adverse events were similar in both groups. aCT1 has potential to improve scarring outcome after surgery.

In the hydropower plants exposed to excessive sediment concentration, the components of Francis turbines, especially the regions of Guide Vanes (GVs) and Runner Vanes (RVs) are severely eroded. The side-wall clearance between GV and runner is present in these turbines to separate the rotating and stationary components. The height difference between the runner inlet and GV outlet covers, introduced during the fabrication or assembly process might play a crucial role in accelerating the erosion process in these components. This study is focused on numerical analysis of simplified geometries that replicate different scenarios of the height difference and consequent flow behaviour in the side-wall clearance of Francis turbines. The numerical analysis is done in OpenFOAM using the available solver adopting the finite volume method (FVM). The numerical study is compared with the experimental results obtained from Rotating Disc Apparatus (RDA). The numerical analysis shows the vortex formation in the side-wall clearance region which traps the sediment particles. Such vortex formation causes erosion in the region. The vortex formation and flow behaviour in different height difference scenarios vary with each other and so does the erosion pattern in the experimental results.

Buried pipelines may be subjected to different seismic hazards along their path, among which faulting can severely affect their integrity by causing large strains in the pipeline confined to a local zone during an earthquake. Historically, the most catastrophic pipeline damages are the ones resulting from oblique faulting due to the severity of ground distortion and induction of compression in the pipeline. Moreover, in the areas of potential ground rupture, the presence of bends near the fault crossing may lead to large strains in the pipeline. Most design guidelines recommend laying the pipelines without field bends, elbows, and flanges near to fault zone. However, bends are sometimes inevitable in the construction of pipelines, and a situation may arise when the pipeline crosses the fault line at/near the bends. Past studies on the response of bent buried pipelines subjected to oblique faulting are very limited. Therefore, the present numerical investigation aims to examine the response of buried continuous steel pipelines with field bends crossing an oblique fault by performing an extensive parametric study. The results obtained are reviewed and presented in the paper. Suitable relationships in terms of modification factors over the response of a straight pipeline as a function of a few critical parameters are determined using regression analyses. It is concluded that providing bends to the pipeline can significantly affect its structural response when subjected to oblique faulting, especially when it is operating at its design internal pressure.

Magnetic drug delivery acts as an efficient method for carrying a drug directly to an organ or targeted location in the body by incorporating magnetically vulnerable material coated with a drug-laden matrix. Magnetic nanoparticles of MOF acts as a drug carrier by targeting the treatment location without affecting the other cells. In this view, the synthesis of the porous flexible Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF), Cu-BTC (BTC, benzene tricarboxylic acid), also known as HKUST-1 has been examined. The crystalline growth has been optimized through improvised hydrothermal technique profiles using non-toxic solvents. Structural properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray absorption spectra at O and C K-edges along with Cu L-edge to affirm the electronic structure in the optimized sample. The yield of the reaction was ∼ 72% and ∼ 80% for chemical and hydrothermal techniques, respectively. The experiment was carried out by taking 3.5 ppm as an optimized concentration of paracetamol, where HKUST-1 (1 mg) sample was added into the solution and, a small amount of sample was withdrawn at certain time intervals, whose absorbance was checked using UV–Visible spectroscopy. The investigated kinetics was proposed to generalize the drug delivery technique using bio-compatible MOFs.

Stents have evolved through three generations, the latest of which are totally bioresorbable to include drugs targeting restenosis, the surface polymer eluting those drugs, and scaffolds on which those drugs are coated. These scaffolds, however, thus far, have been pharmacologically inactive and remain a potential site for delivering a second drug. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the possibility of modifying a bioresorbable polymer so that it can double as a scaffold for both a stent and a drug targeting impaired re-endothelialization and stent thrombosis.

This study was carried out to identify predominant spoligotypes responsible for transmission and prevalence of tuberculosis in central India since there is no data available about the genetic biodiversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients with tuberculosis in this region. 35 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were subjected to spoligotyping according to the standard protocol. A total of 25 strains out of the 35 (71.42%) could be grouped in to 6 clusters. The largest cluster comprised 8 isolates. Unique (Non-clustered) spoligotypes were seen in 10 isolates, Nine strains did not match the data base (Spol DB-4 data base). The results indicate that there may be a number of orphan strains unique to this geographical area. Further studies on a larger sample size derived from this area would help us delineate the epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in this area.

Monomer dynamics in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solution at room temperature as studied by quasi elastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique is reported. The elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) obtained from the analysis of QENS data suggests that the SDS chains perform uniaxial rotational diffusion along the long molecular axis. The rotation diffusion coefficient was found to decrease with the increase in the concentration of the surfactants. It is observed that on addition of electrolyte (0.8 M NaCl) the motion is arrested. Addition of salt is known to induce the growth in SDS micelles, here it is found to affect the dynamics of monomers also. This is due to the combined effect of closer packing of the monomers within the micelle and the tendency of amphiphilic molecules to stabilize due to the presence of electrolytes.

Here we report dynamics of propylene (smallest asymmetric hydrocarbon) adsorbed in two different host systems – Na-Y and Na-ZSM5 zeolites as studied by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. MD simulation studies suggested that the rotational motion of propylene is much faster than the translation. Therefore, two different spectrometers were used to determine the translational and rotational contributions. Analysis of the QENS data (ΔE~200 μeV) revealed that the translational motion of propylene in Na-ZSM5 zeolite is a factor of 3 slower than that in Na-Y zeolite. This is consistent with the smaller void volume available in Na-ZSM5 zeolite as also the fact that the adsorption of propylene is stronger in Na-ZSM5 as compared to that in Na-Y zeolite as indicated in the Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FTIR) studies. This result is further corroborated by the MD simulation studies. It was found that the translation motion occurs at three time scales in both the systems, only one of which corresponds to that observed through the QENS measurements. To probe the faster rotational motion experiments were carried out on a Triple axis spectrometer with wider energy window (ΔE~3meV). The variation of the elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) suggests that the observed QE broadening corresponds to isotropic rotational motion of propylene in both the hosts. Rotational diffusion coefficients of propylene molecules are found to be of the same order in both zeolites. Trajectories obtained from MD simulation corresponding to the rotational motion revealed that although on a large time scale, the rotation appears isotropic, but at short time scales the channel structure of the Na-ZSM5 restrict the rotation of propylene molecules. This is in contrast with propylene adsorbed in Na-Y zeolite where rotation remains isotropic even at short time scale. A comparison with other hydrocarbon-zeolite systems as studied by us is also presented here.

Gait and posture are often perturbed in many neurological, neuromuscular, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Rodents provide a tractable model for elucidating disease mechanisms and interventions. Here, we develop a neural-network-based assay that adopts the commonly used open field apparatus for mouse gait and posture analysis. We quantitate both with high precision across 62 strains of mice. We characterize four mutants with known gait deficits and demonstrate that multiple autism spectrum disorder (ASD) models show gait and posture deficits, implying this is a general feature of ASD. Mouse gait and posture measures are highly heritable and fall into three distinct classes. We conduct a genome-wide association study to define the genetic architecture of stride-level mouse movement in the open field. We provide a method for gait and posture extraction from the open field and one of the largest laboratory mouse gait and posture data resources for the research community.

•Anthocyanin rich ethnic rice cultivars treated with gamma radiation (0.25-1.0 kGy)•Radiation processing led to differential impact on the total anthocyanin content•Total phenolics ranged from 0.22-2.46 mgGAE/g in these rice cultivars•DPPH scavenging activity ranged from 20.5-80.5%•Quality attributes remained unaltered upon radiation processing (0.25-1.0 kGy)

Hypoglycemia is a side effect of diabetes therapy and causes abnormal heart development. Embryonic heart cells are largely resistant to teratogen‐induced apoptosis.Hypoglycemia was tested for effects on cell death and cell proliferation in embryonic heart cells by exposing mouse embryos on embryonic day (E) 9.5 (plug = E0.5) to hypoglycemia (30–50 mg/dl glucose) in vivo or in vitro for 24 hr. Long‐term effects of in vivo exposure on conceptus viability were evaluated at E18.5. Cell death was evaluated on E10.5 by: 1) two TUNEL assays in sectioned embryos to demonstrate DNA fragmentation; 2) confocal microscopy in whole embryos stained with Lysotracker; 3) flow cytometry in dispersed heart cells stained for TUNEL and myosin heavy chain (MHC) to quantify and characterize cell type susceptibility; and 4) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western analysis in sectioned embryos to evaluate potential involvement of caspase‐3 active subunit and p53. Effects on cell proliferation were evaluated by IHC and Western analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).In vivo hypoglycemic exposure on E9.5 reduced viability in conceptuses examined on E18.5. Hearts examined on E10.5 demonstrated increased TUNEL and Lysotracker staining. In hearts of embryos exposed to hypoglycemia, flow cytometry demonstrated increased TUNEL‐positive cells and cells dual‐labeled for TUNEL and MHC. Protein expression of caspase‐3 active subunit and p53 was increased and PCNA was markedly reduced in hearts of embryos exposed to hypoglycemia.Hypoglycemia reduces embryonic viability, induces significant cell death, and reduces cell proliferation in the E9.5 mouse heart, and these processes may involve active caspase‐3 and p53. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Glucose metabolites can be detected in embryonic mouse tissues using ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The advantage of this method is in its chemical specificity and the ability to follow metabolic changes. In this study, CD-1 mice were mated and embryos excised on gestational day (GD) 10.5 (plug = GD 0.5). Hearts were isolated and cultured in 150 mg/dl glucose (normoglycemic medium) or 40 mg/dl glucose (hypoglycemic medium) for 6 hr. ¹³C-labeled glucose comprised 62%–64% of total glucose in the culture medium. Pre- and postculture media were treated with deuterated water (D2O), and ¹³C spectra were obtained using a Bruker Avance 500 MHz spectrometer operating at 11.744 tesla (125.7 MHz for ¹³C). NMR spectra demonstrated resonances for ¹³C-glucose in preculture normoglycemic and hypoglycemic media. Postculture spectra for normoglycemic and hypoglycemic media demonstrated ¹³C-glucose signals as well as a signal for ¹³C-lactate. Area under the curve (AUC) was measured for the [1-¹³C-glucose] resonance from preculture media and the [3-¹³C-lactate] resonance from postculture media. The ratios of AUC for postculture [3-¹³C-lactate] to preculture [1-¹³C-glucose] were calculated and found to be higher in hypoglycemic than in normoglycemic media. Our results confirm earlier findings using radiolabeled substrates and suggest that ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy can be used to study glucose metabolism in isolated embryonic hearts exposed to hypoglycemia. NMR effectively measures glucose and its metabolite, lactate, in the same spectrum and thus determines metabolic flux in the isolated embryonic heart after exposure to hypoglycemia and normoglycemia. This method could evaluate glucose metabolism in embryonic tissues following other teratogenic exposures. Teratology 66:267–272, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

To test the effect of IV-injected human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) on neurologic functional deficits after stroke in rats.

Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with the Schiff bases salicylidene-2- aminophenol (H2SAPh), furfurylidene-N-phenylthiourea (FNPTU) and salicylidene-N-phenylthiourea (HSNPTU) have been synthesized and their physico-chemical properties have been investigated with the help of microanalytical data, UV-Vis, IR, ESR speotroscopy, TGA, conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Non-isothermal kinetic and ligand field parameters of some complexes have been calculated. The general formula of the salicylidene-2-aminophenol Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes is [ML(H2O)3]·2H2O and for the Cu(II) complex It is [CuL(H2O)]·H2O. The Furfurylidene-N-phenylthiourea and salicylidene-N-phenylthiourea complexes are of the general formulae [ML2Cl2]·2H2O and [ML2]·2H2O. These complexes have also been screened for their antibacterial properties and a few of them have been tested against tubercular bacteria.

Semicrystalline polymers exhibit metastable interphases, which must simultaneously accommodate molecular connectivity and disorder across the interlamellar phase. Off-lattice molecular simulations, previously used to study the {001} interphase in freely rotating chains, are used here to study the interlamellar phases between the {101}, {201}, and {502} crystal facets (polymer chains tilted to the lamellar normal by 19°, 34.4°, and 41°, respectively). The order-to-disorder transition from the crystal to the amorphous region occurs with an interface approximately 10−12 Å thick, for all cases studied. The interfacial potential energies for the {101}, {201}, and {502} facets are computed to be 100, 70, and 90 mJ/m², respectively, compared to 140 mJ/m² for the {001} facet. The topology in the interlamellar phase shifts away from tight folding as the tilt angle of the chains exiting the crystal increases. Whereas [110] loops dominate the {001} interface, loop reentry along [200] and [310] directions is more common in the interfaces with tilted chains. The chain length distributions associated with tilted chains more closely approximate the ideal distribution suggested by a model of Gaussian chains, which indicates that entropy favors tilting of polymer chains away from the lamellar normal. These results are consistent with the frequent observation of {201} oriented interfaces in polyethylene and offer a thermodynamic explanation for the selection of interface orientation in semicrystalline polyethylene.

Background: In India, owing to multiple factors, such as insufficient laboratory capacity, poor reporting systems due to limited access to healthcare facilities and limited disease surveillance programmes, the actual disease burden of meningitis is unknown and may be largely under-reported.Objective: A systematic literature review was performed to describe: (a) the prevalence of meningitis; and (b) its etiological pathogen across different regions, age groups and patients with comorbidities.Method: A systematic literature search was conducted between 1990 and 2020 using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify Indian studies reporting the prevalence rates and etiology of meningitis. A total of 51 studies were included in the final analysis.Results: A total of 38 studies reported prevalence of meningitis and 21 studies reported data on the etiology of meningitis in India. These studies included mixed patient populations: (a) pyogenic meningitis; (b) meningitis in sick or hospitalized patients with tuberculosis, acute febrile encephalopathy syndrome, septicaemia, invasive pneumococcal disease or respiratory compromise; and (c) meningitis patients with comorbidities. The prevalence of confirmed bacterial meningitis in the pediatric population (0–14 years) ranged between 0.5% and 61.8%. A total of seven studies reported the prevalence of meningitis in patients of all age groups (0–75 years), with prevalence ranging between 8.68% and 78.85%. Cryptococcal meningitis was predominant in patients with positive HIV/AIDS, with a prevalence ranging between 2.09% and 53.1%. Streptococcus pneumoniaewas found to be the predominant pathogen causing meningitis across different regions of India, with a frequency ranging from 4% to 61.8% in patients of all age groups.Conclusion: This systematic literature review displayed the possible range of frequency of bacterial meningitis pathogens across a wide variety of age groups in different regions of India. Further studies are warranted to monitor meningitis cases, which may facilitate the development of prevention and treatment strategies in India.

Recombinant chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) have been shown to modulate in vitroproliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Whether bone marrow stromal cells produce chemokines and the physiological role they may have in the regulation of hematopoiesis has largely remained unexamined. We have examined the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/JE) in bone marrow stromal cells and its effect on the migration and proliferation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Freshly derived murine bone marrow stromal cells were found to secrete abundant amounts of MCP-1/JE, which was further increased upon stimulation of stromal cells with pro-inflammatory agents LPS, IL1-α, IFN-γ, or TNF-α. Although culture supernatant conditioned by stromal cells exhibited chemotactic activity toward hematopoietic progenitor cells, the chemotactic activity was not due to MCP-1/JE. Furthermore, rMCP-1/JE also failed to induce migration of progenitor cells. MCP-1/JE, however, caused 20 to 30% increase in the clonal expansion of progenitor cells. Thus, although MCP-1/JE does not chemoattract hematopoietic progenitor cells it may have a role in their proliferation and clonal expansion.