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Purpose: To study peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) around the optic disc and establish zones using a new swept source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) device. To evaluate PPCT differences between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Methods: A total of 102 healthy subjects and 51 patients with MS were consecutively recruited. Healthy subjects were divided into teaching (n = 51, used to establish choroidal zones) and validating (n = 51, used to compare measurements with MS patients) populations. An optic disc 6.0 × 6.0‐mm three‐dimensional scan was obtained using SS‐OCT Triton. A 26 × 26 cube‐grid centred on the optic disc was generated automatically to measure PPCT. Four choroidal zones were established and used to compare PPCT between healthy controls and patients with MS. Results: Peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) was significantly thinner in patients in all concentric zones (p ≤ 0.0001): 134.02 ± 16.59 μm in MS group versus 171.56 ± 12.43 μm in the control group in zone 2; 182.23 ± 20.52 versus 219.03 ± 17.99 μm, respectively, in zone 3; and 223.52 ± 10.70 versus 259.99 ± 10.29 μm, respectively, in zone 4. The choroidal thinning in the MS group tended to decrease as we distanced from the optic nerve head. Peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) had a similar pattern in controls and MS; it was thicker in the superior region, followed by temporal, nasal and inferior regions. Conclusion: Patients with MS showed peripapillary choroidal thinning when compared with healthy subjects in all zones around the optic disc. Peripapillary choroidal tissue shows a concentric pattern, increasing in thickness when increasing the distance from the optic nerve. The new SS‐OCT could be useful for evaluating choroidal thinning in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate automatic peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) measurements in a wide area around the optic disc and various established zones in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls using a new swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device. Study design: Single center cross-sectional observational study. Methods: A total of 135 POAG patients and 86 healthy subjects were consecutively enrolled. An optic disc 6.0 × 6.0 mm three-dimensional scan OD was obtained using the SS-OCT Triton. A 26 × 26 cube-grid centered in the optic disc was generated to automatically measure choroidal thickness. Seven choroidal zones were established (superior temporal, central, and nasal; inferior temporal, central, and nasal, and the optic nerve head) and compared between healthy controls and POAG patients. Results: PPCT was significantly thinner in the central superior, nasal superior, and nasal inferior zones of the POAG subjects. Choroidal thickness in the central superior zone was 124.61 ± 54.95 µm in POAG group vs 156.17 ± 80.89 µm in healthy controls ( p = 0.029); in the nasal superior zone, 133.84 ± 58.89 µm in the POAG group vs 168.34 ± 73.45 µm in healthy controls ( p = 0.012); and in the nasal inferior zone, 113.45 ± 49.93 µm in the POAG group vs 137.47 ± 65.96 µm in healthy controls ( p = 0.049). Conclusion: Compared with healthy subjects, glaucoma patients present with peripapillary choroidal thinning, especially in the central superior, nasal superior, and nasal inferior zones. The new SS-OCT could be a useful tool to evaluate choroidal thinning, and it could be an additional support to facilitate glaucoma diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aplasia/agenesis of lacrimal and salivary glands is a rare congenital defect that has been associated with disturbances in fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). It can present with symptoms of congenital lacrimal obstruction, dry eye, and dry mouth. We report the ophthalmological and genetic study of a 19-year-old woman and her relatives suffering from this syndrome. A new probably pathogenic variant is described in theFGF10gene. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of new Swept source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology to detect changes in retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Design: Observational case–control cross sectional study, developed from January to May 2016. Methods: In total, 50 eyes from 50 patients diagnosed with PD and 54 eyes of 54 healthy controls underwent retinal and choroidal assessment using SS DRI Triton OCT (Topcon), using the 3D Wide protocol. Total macular thickness and peripapillary data (retinal, ganglion cell layer [GCL+, GCL++] and retinal nerve fiber layer [RNFL] thickness) were analyzed. Macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness was evaluated (Figure 1). Results: Significant peripapillary retinal thinning was observed in PD patients in total average (p = 0.017), in the nasal (p = 0.038) and temporal (p = 0.004) quadrants and in superotemporal (p = 0.004), nasal (p = 0.039), inferotemporal (p = 0.019), and temporal (p = 0.003) sectors. RNFL and GCL ++ thickness showed a significant reduction in the inferotemporal sector (p = 0.026 and 0.009, respectively). No differences were observed in macular retinal thickness between controls and patients. Choroidal thickness was found to have increased in all sectors in PD patients compared with controls, both in the macular (inner nasal,p = 0.015; inner inferior,p = 0.030; outer nasal,p = 0.012; outer inferior,p = 0.049) and the peripapillary area (total thickness,p = 0.011; nasal,p = 0.025; inferior,p = 0.007; temporal,p = 0.003; inferotemporal,p = 0.003; inferonasal,p = 0.016) Conclusion: New SS technology for OCT devices detects retinal thinning in PD patients, providing increased depth analysis of the choroid in these patients. The choroid in PD may present increased thickness compared to healthy individuals; however, more studies and histological analysis are needed to corroborate our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: The purpose of this study was to attempt to determine if the presence of certain polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, andXRCC1) is associated with pre-senile cataract development. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective study over three groups of patients. The first group with pre-senile cataract was formed by 72 patients younger than 55 years with cataract surgery. The second group with senile cataract was formed by 101 patients older than 55 years with cataract surgery. And the third group, without cataract, was formed by 42 subjects older than 55 years without lens opacities. We analyzed the presence of SNP rs11615 fromERCC1, rs13181 fromERCC2, and rs25487 fromXRCC1and the relationship between risk factors such as smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension, and diabetes. Results: The comparison of the genotype distribution inERCC1andERCC2did not show any statistically significant association in any of our analyses (p> 0.05). The comparison of the genotype distribution inXRCC1within the different groups did not show any statistically significant associations (p> 0.05), except for the comparison between the pre-senile cataract group and the group without cataract, where an increased risk of developing pre-senile cataract for the genotype Gln/Gln (p= 0.029; OR = 1.02–40.67) in recessive inheritance models was observed when adjusting for risk factors. Conclusions: Allelic variants inERCC1andERCC2are not associated with an increased risk of developing pre-senile cataract. The presence of Gln/Gln inXRCC1in the pre-senile cataract group with regard to the group without cataract is associated with a major risk of developing pre-senile cataract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop a simple, specific, and rapid method to determine corticosteroid concentrations in vitreous humor. Methods: An analytical method based on high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with a simple extraction procedure was developed. New Zealand albino rabbits (n= 54) received a single (0.1 mL) intravitreal injection of dexamethasone (DXM, 0.1 mg), methylprednisolone (MP, 2 mg), or triamcinolone acetonide (TA, 10 mg). Eyes were enucleated and mean vitreous steroid levels were quantified at 12 h and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days. Results: Corticosteroids were extracted from the vitreous with acetonitrile, and TA was extracted with ethyl acetate, yielding high protein precipitation and clean solution samples. Vitreous samples were analyzed by isocratic HPLC-MS with mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 2 mM ammonium formate buffer in water, pH 3.5. The linear range was 50–100,000 ng/g with a lower quantification limit of 45 ng/g for DXM and MP, and 50 ng/g for TA. Vitreous levels of DXM and MP were not detectable 14 days post-administration. Vitreous levels of TA were positive and stable throughout the study in both injected and control eyes. Conclusions: The HPLC-MS analytical method is an alternative to HPLC-MS/MS methods, sensitive enough for identifying and quantifying steroids in vitreous humor at a therapeutic dosage scale. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]