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Excessive ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the housing of breeding hens can cause various negative effects on the health of hens and the welfare of the workers who care for them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the NH3 and CO2 concentrations in the first month of housing the breeding hens during Portuguese winter. The study was conducted on a commercial hen breeding farm located in central Portugal. One modern building equipped with climate control system, automatic feeding and drinking systems and minimum transitional tunnel ridge system was selected. New litter material made with rice hulls was used in the building, and the breeding sample comprised five months old 6864 female and 720 male birds housed in the building on 7 November 2016. The outdoor and indoor environmental conditions and indoor gas concentrations were measured continuously from 10 November to 30 November 2016. (NH3)and CO2 concentrations were measured with a photoacoustic field gas monitor and air samples collected through 4 sampling points located indoor, by a multipoint sampler. Results showed that the CO2 concentrations did not exceed 3000 ppm during the first month of housing the breeding hens and under winter environment. However, the NH3 concentrations exceed 20 ppm on most measurement days. For a good indoor air quality, the study suggests the use of mitigating measures for maintaining NH3 concentration below 10 ppm. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper's main objective is to analyze the quality of service using the network simulator NS2, in an infrastructure WLAN for voice, video, and data with IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11e standards by access types DCF (Distributed Coordination Function), Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and Hybrid Coordination Function Controlled Channel Access (HCCA). For this purpose, comparative studies of the performance of DCF, EDCA and HCCA access methods are performed for each type of traffic, using metrics such as transmission rate, end-to-end delay and collision percentage.

Introduction: increasingly, a correct clinical diagnosis in Veterinary Medicine presupposes an accomplishment of complementary diagnostic exams, including those from Pathological Anatomy specialty and the potential risks of jeopardizing the quality and reliability of the laboratory diagnosis should be appropriately identified to adopt procedures, aiming their minimization. Objetives: the objectives of this work include the categorization of errors related to the diagnostic technique that takes place in the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy Veterinary and enumeration of strategies for minimizing frequent errors. Material and Methods: monitoring the routine histological technique, from the moment of entry and receipt of samples, to identify and record the most frequently observed errors. Results: the most frequently identified errors in this work included the incomplete filling or illegibility of the analysis request, followed by incorrect packaging of the sample, the inadequate amount of formaldehyde for fixation and transport of the sample, and the absence of indications to the correct orientation of the surgical specimen. Conclusion: the adoption of simple strategies, detailed in the present work, solves most of the detected pre-analytical errors and the adoption of an identification system for the samples can guarantee the analytical and post-analytical quality in the histopathological diagnosis, minimizing the errors., Millenium - Journal of Education, Technologies, and Health, Series 2, no. 2e: special edition: june 2017

Independent of nationality, age, social class, the culture or the customs, the mobile phone has become, in a short period of time, as the most popular medium of communication chosen by humans. In little more than ten years it has become an essential element for the great majority of the population. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the mobile phones as highly positional as other status goods as e.g. cars. By means of a survey with a small experiment, I tested whether visible goods, such as mobile phones, are more positional than less visible goods such as leisure. In the survey there are socioeconomic questions and in the experiment the chosen people had to decide questions about income, leisure and the value of mobile phones according to the choices made, the degree of positionality of the topics treated was measured. The results are consistent that income is more positional than work hours and visible goods, like the value of mobile phone, are more positional than less visible goods, like work hours. Due to the small number of observations, further research is needed to determine the positional value of mobile phones.

Submitted by Angelo Sebastiao (angelosebastiao@gmail.com) on 2021-03-09T10:00:48Z No. of bitstreams: 3 8B-EN-art-agra.pdf: 911753 bytes, checksum: a1dc7965ecac3c267a9c92092136b0ae (MD5) 8A-PT-art-agra.pdf: 915022 bytes, checksum: 7f1fcf91ed558ae123b0a4ef3ce7f29d (MD5) deposit.zip: 1712465 bytes, checksum: bbeeb3dcafbe23d5012bc1b84fca5b64 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ângelo Fonseca (afonseca@esev.ipv.pt) on 2021-03-09T10:21:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 deposit.zip: 1712465 bytes, checksum: bbeeb3dcafbe23d5012bc1b84fca5b64 (MD5) 8B-EN-art-agra.pdf: 911753 bytes, checksum: a1dc7965ecac3c267a9c92092136b0ae (MD5) 8A-PT-art-agra.pdf: 915022 bytes, checksum: 7f1fcf91ed558ae123b0a4ef3ce7f29d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-09T10:21:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 deposit.zip: 1712465 bytes, checksum: bbeeb3dcafbe23d5012bc1b84fca5b64 (MD5) 8B-EN-art-agra.pdf: 911753 bytes, checksum: a1dc7965ecac3c267a9c92092136b0ae (MD5) 8A-PT-art-agra.pdf: 915022 bytes, checksum: 7f1fcf91ed558ae123b0a4ef3ce7f29d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

RESUMO: Objetivo: verificar a ocorrência de alterações na sensibilidade orofacial e o tempo de recuperação desta após a realização da cirurgia ortognática, em indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina. Métodos: após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, iniciou-se o estudo o qual analisou os relatórios de exames miofuncionais orofaciais, realizados antes e após a cirurgia ortognática no período de 2012 a 2014. Foram selecionados 53 prontuários de pacientes que realizaram a prova de sensibilidade, com idade entre 18 e 40 anos, de ambos os gêneros (57% masculino e 43% feminino). A prova de sensibilidade foi aplicada nos lábios, na língua, na papila incisiva e mento, a partir do estesiômetro (Semmes-Weintein), antes da cirurgia (2 a 3 dias) e após a cirurgia (3 a 6 meses/9 a 12 meses). Os resultados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva para verificar a frequência de alteração da sensibilidade, e as comparações foram realizadas pelos testes de Wilcoxon e Qui-Quadrado (p

El propósito del presente trabajo de investigacion fue analizar el impacto de la Rehabilitación Básica Funcional y la inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad visual de la Provincia de Carhuaz en el año 2014. El estudio fue descriptivo transeccional, diseño no experimental. La población y muestra de estudio para el trabajo de investigación estuvo comprendida por 23 personas con discapacidad visual. El procesamiento y análisis de los datos utilizados se desarrolló a través del SSPS y validados con el Alfa de Crombach. La hipótesis muestra que la Rehabilitación Básica Funcional aún es limitada para que los escenarios de inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad visual se den, según el contraste con los resultados obtenidos y un detallado análisis estadístico han permitido conocer las necesidades específicas para lograr su inclusión social; La realización de este estudio permitió aportar para emprender y difundir que al realizar una labor concerniente a la discapacidad, sobre todo visual, requiere de criterios competentes para que el colectivo mejore sus condiciones de vida. Finalmente se presentan los resultados que muestran que el 95% de la población con discapacidad visual no ha recibido el proceso de rehabilitación de manera adecuada, por lo tanto se concluye que la ceguera en nuestro entorno todavía tiene connotaciones socio – económicas, siendo factores preponderantes que se derivan en la escasa participación con su entorno familiar y social Tesis

One of the leading challenges in marine science and governance is to improve scientific guidance of management measures to mitigate eutrophication nuisances in the EU seas. Too few approaches integrate the eutrophication process in space (continuum river-ocean) and in time (past, present and future status). A strong need remains for (i) knowledge/identification of all the processes that control eutrophication and its consequences, (ii) consistent and harmonized reference levels assigned to each eutrophication-related indicator, (iii) identification of the main rivers directly or indirectly responsible for eutrophication nuisances in specific areas, (iv) an integrated transboundary approach and (v) realistic short term and long term nutrient reduction scenarios. As a step in this direction (ou in agreement), the main objective of EMoSEM was to link the eutrophication nuisances in specific marine regions of the North-East Atlantic (NEA) to river anthropogenic inputs, trace back their sources up to the watersheds, then test nutrient reduction options that might be implemented in these watersheds and propose consistent indicators and reference levels to assess Good Environmental Status (GEnS). To achieve this objective, the state-of-the-art modelling tools describing the river-ocean continuum in the NEA continental seas have been developed and combined. Three marine ecological models (B IOPCOMS , E CO - MARS 3D, M IRO & CO ) have been adapted and coupled to a newly developed generic ecological model for European river-basins (PyNuts-Riverstrahler). The modelling tools have been validated against observations. Numerical methods have been included in the marine models to track the origin of nutrients at sea from different sources (riverine, oceanic and atmospheric). State-of-the-art tools based on the transboundary nutrient transport (TBNT) and the distance-to-target (DTT) methods have been improved to estimate the riverine nutrient reductions necessary to reach the GEnS in the sea. Scenarios have been designed to estimate natural and anthropogenic nutrient contributions to the watersheds for the pristine conditions (simulated from a situation where Europe is covered in forests without human impact), for the contemporary situation, and for future realistic nutrient reduction scenarios (e.g. waste water treatment plants, good agricultural practices and conversion to local, organic farming and demitarian diet). Maps of common eutrophication indicators (e.g. winter DIN, winter DIP and percentile 90 of chlorophyll concentrations (Chl P90)) have been computed from model results integrated over the whole NEA. Background values of the same indicators have been estimated and mapped, based on model results obtained for the pristine scenario. Areas subjected to anthropogenic eutrophication in the NEA have been identified from differences between contemporary and pristine situations. Based on Chl P90, these areas cover the French coastal zone of the Bay of Biscay, the Seine Plume and the Belgian and Dutch coastal zones. Less intense eutrophication is found along the coasts of Portugal and offshore in the English Channel and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Mitigating the current eutrophication requires the implementation of nutrient reduction options at the level of the river watersheds. Three scenarios of nutrient reduction were examined based on realistic adaptations of human activities in the watersheds. (1) The scenario corresponding to the full implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive showed that most Wastewater Treatment Plants required by the UWWTD (Directive 91/271/EEC) are already operational. (2) The Good Agricultural Practice scenario showed that a change to reasoned agricultural practices results in better quality drainage waters but is not sufficient to mitigate marine eutrophication nuisances. (3) The Local Organic Demitarian scenario implies radical changes in the agro-food system. The effect of this scenario is considerable in terms of nitrogen surplus reduction and results in significant improvement of water quality along the drainage network as well as a strong reduction of the nitrogen fluxes to the sea which in turn results in significant improvement of the marine eutrophication status. Relative contributions from different sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to the marine ecosystem have been computed. Along the Iberian Peninsula, significant river-borne nutrient transport may be observed along the coastal zone in the south-west direction during the wet season in summer, though there is hardly any transboundary exchange of nutrients between Member States in that marine region. In the Bay of Biscay, the Loire river brings nitrogen along the coasts of Brittany and up to the English Channel. The transboundary nutrient transport is significant in the English Channel and the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS), due to the combination of high nutrient loads from the rivers (e.g. Seine, Scheldt, Rhine, Meuse and Thames) and the patterns of water transport. Any marine area within the NEA would generally count different contributors in terms of nutrient enrichment. Surprisingly, in the Bay of Biscay, English Channel and SBNS, nitrogen atmospheric depositions account for about 10 to 20% of the nitrogen present in phytoplankton. The DTT exercise provided useful information regarding the river load reductions necessary to reach the GEnS in target areas. DTT results showed that (1) dual-nutrient reduction (N,P) in the rivers is necessary to reduce the transboundary contamination and mitigate eutrophication and (2) the reduction needed to reach the GEnS depends on the target area (WFD or MSFD) and chosen threshold values for indicators. Two sets of threshold values have been tested. In the “rigorous” case, threshold values (8 μgChl L -1 , 9.0 μmol L -1 and 0.56 μmol L -1 for Chl P90, winter DIN and winter DIP, respectively) are representative of background values close to the pristine situation, and in the “lenient” case, threshold values (15 μgChl L -1 , 19.5 μmol L -1 and 0.65 μmol L -1 for Chl P90, winter DIN and winter DIP, respectively) are close to values recommended by the WFD/MSFD. Necessary dual-nutrient reductions in rivers have been computed and showed significant differences between both cases. . The optimal river loads reductions required to achieve the GEnS in the sea were compared to the nitrogen reductions in the river loads estimated by PyNuts for the Local Organic Demitarian scenario. The latter are generally in the range of the reductions calculated by the DTT between the rigorous and lenient cases. This suggests that the status of marine eutrophication will be significantly improved across the NEA if such a scenario is implemented in the future. The EMoSEM project stimulated the rational to more universal and transboundary approaches to estimate the GEnS in large areas like the NEA and led to design transboundary Ecozones across the NEA. New sub-areas have been defined based on ecological criteria (e.g. highly eutrophic vs. oligotrophic) instead of usual political boundaries. A new indicator (“non-diatom chlorophyll a”, NDAChl) was proposed to complement the Chl P90 indicator. This new indicator reflects the phytoplankton composition and provides indications on potential nuisance or toxicity due to the presence of undesirable species. Background values of the ratio between winter DIN and winter DIP obtained from model results for the pristine situation equals 30 molN molP -1 in some coastal zones, whereas the reference ratio value which is commonly accepted (OSPAR, MSFD, WFD) is set to 16 molN molP -1 . This suggests that further work is required to ensure consistency between winter DIN and winter DIP thresholds. The EMoSEM project outcomes suggest that . Further analysis is needed to define consistent thresholds for winter DIN, winter DIP and Chl P90 in the light of the new estimation of background values . Significant progress towards the GEnS across the NEA will require major changes in the agro-food systems . A reduction of the atmospheric N depositions is required in parallel to any future riverine nutrient reduction (no reduction in N depositions was tested in this study) . Eutrophication should be assessed on areas defined on the basis of ecological criteria instead of political boundaries . The proposed novel indicator (“non-diatom chlorophyll a”) should be verified based on phytoplankton measurements over the whole NEA.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comprovar que a Globalização é um importante pilar da revolução tecnológica, que aposta em novas tecnologias com as quais cidadãos das sociedades do século XXI têm de conviver, os Estados vão ter de preparar políticas educativas tendentes a seguir este fenómeno. As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na educação vieram para ficar, têm vindo a invadir todos os setores da vida contemporânea, nomeadamente na produção e no uso de meios digitais, na participação em redes sociais de forma a criar e a partilhar conhecimentos e, pelo facto de com este meio se poder ligar ao mundo em qualquer hora a qualquer momento. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho pretendo analisar os objetivos e necessidades educativas nos dois grandes atores, a União Europeia e os Estados Unidos da América, de forma a apurar a influência das entidades competentes neste setor e tentar responder a questões de forma a melhor entender esta mudança no sistema educativo. No fundo, será perceber o potencial das TIC no sistema educativo através do impacto que teve e tem, assim como a promoção por excelência e qualidade no sentido de aferir se as gerações futuras estão preparadas para o fenómeno da Globalização.

This research is dedicated to advancing of understanding of spatial reproduction process in Maringá-PR, under the influence of state power during the military government, more precisely during the administration of Silvio Barros I (1973-1976). This moment was marked by the first loans from the Banco Nacional de Habitação which, through its credit lines, among them the CURA Program (Comunidade Urbana de Recuperação Acelerada), represent the beginning of the process in urban acceleration in Maringa. This dynamic, even applied in a planned city, produced similar problems to those produced by metropolitan cities, characterized by population growth and abrupt territorial expansion. In Maringa, the funds coming from the BNH were consumed primarily in the structuring of the road network, implementation of urban infrastructure and construction of public housing.The large investments from the federal programs, in addition to causing major impact on physical and territorial structure of the city, carved the administrative and institutional structure. A significant milestone related to urban planning in this period was the creation of Eteplan (Escritório Técnico de Planejamento), followed by its extinction. The planning office, equipped with financial and administrative autonomy, had conducted several studies and updated the cadastral map of the city. Indicated by the Master Plan of 1967, the Eteplan constituted a technical face planning in the ordering of the city's growth. The agency was abolished in the same year that has begin the loans. This research aims to demonstrate that these great contributions, coming from Federal Government in Maringa, has induced changes in the political administrative structure of the municipality, to include and contemplate the new actors that required participants in the process of application of these appeals. Este trabalho dedica-se a avançar na compreensão do processo de reprodução do território em Maringá-PR, sob a influência do poder estatal no período da Ditadura Militar, mais precisamente durante a administração de Silvio Barros I (1973-1976). Este momento foi marcado pelos primeiros empréstimos junto ao Banco Nacional de Habitação que, através de suas linhas de financiamentos, dentre elas o Programa CURA (Comunidade Urbana de Recuperação Acelerada), representa o início do processo de aceleração urbana na em Maringá. Esta dinâmica, mesmo aplicada em uma cidade jovem e planejada, produziu problemas semelhantes aos apresentados por cidades metropolitanas, caracterizadas pelo crescimento populacional e expansão territorial abruptos. Em Maringá, as verbas oriundas do BNH foram consumidas principalmente na estruturação da malha viária da cidade, implantação de infraestrutura urbana e construção de conjuntos habitacionais. Os grandes influxos provenientes dos programas federais de financiamento, além de causar grande impacto na estrutura física e territorial do município, talharam a estrutura administrativa e institucional. Um marco de extrema significância relacionado ao planejamento urbano neste período foi a criação do Eteplan (Escritório Técnico de Planejamento), seguido de sua extinção. O escritório de planejamento, dotado de autonomia financeira e administrativa, realizou vários estudos e atualizou a planta cadastral da cidade. Indicado pelo Plano Diretor de 1967, o Eteplan constituía uma face tecnicista do planejamento dotado de um protagonismo na ordenação do crescimento da cidade. O órgão foi extinto no mesmo ano em que se iniciam os financiamentos. A pesquisa pretende demonstrar que estes grandes aportes, realizados pelo Governo Federal em Maringá, induziram mudanças na estrutura político administrativa do município, de maneira a incluir e contemplar os novos atores que demandavam partícipes no processo de aplicação destes recursos. xii, 170 p

Objective: To characterize mucosal loss (ML) and apoptotic events in the small intestine after haemorrhage and volume replacement with a crystalloid, Lactated Ringers Solution (LR), and a colloid, HES130/0.4 solution, in a pig model. Methods: %ML and apoptotic events at the epithelium of the villi were evaluated in the small intestine from pigs that underwent total intravenous anaesthesia and passive controlled arterial bleeding, followed by volume replacement using LR (group1, n=9) and HES130/0.4 (group2, n=9). Apoptotic events were investigated by performing immunohistochemistry using Cytochrome c antibody and M30Cytodeath immunofluorescence assay. Results: %ML was significantly higher in group1 (P< 0.0001). Similar moderate to intense cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was seen in both groups for Cytochrome c antibody. The median percentage of apoptotic cells in the non-detached villi epithelium was 5.94% (1.46-31.47%) in group1 and 6.38% (0.36-47.48%) in group2. No significant differences were observed between groups. Conclusion: Results suggest that HES130/0.4 administration may more efficiently prevent the acute loss of intestinal mucosa, and, therefore, the integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, the indicators of intestinal apoptosis do not differ between HES 130/0.4 or RL administration.

Previous studies of HIV testing among gay men describe the motivations, facilitators and barriers, behaviors, and demographic characteristics of individuals who test. What little research focuses on HIV testing among gay men in relationships shows that they do not test regularly or, in some cases, at all – their motivations to test have not been investigated. With so little data on HIV testing for this population, and the continued privileging of individually-focused approaches, gay men in relationships fall into a blind spot of research and prevention efforts. This study examined motivations to test for HIV using qualitative data from both partners in 20 gay male couples. Analysis revealed that the partners’ motivations were either event-related (e.g., participants testing the beginning of their relationship or HIV-negative participants in an HIV-discordant relationship testing after risky episode with their discordant primary partner) or partner-related (e.g., participants testing in response to a request or suggestion to test from their primary partner or participants testing out of concern for their primary partner’s health and wellbeing). These data provide insight into relationship-oriented motivations to test for HIV for gay men in relationships and, in doing so, demonstrates their commitment to their primary partner and relationship. These motivations can be leveraged to increase HIV testing among gay men in relationships, a population that tests less often than single gay men, yet, until recently, has been underserved by prevention efforts.

Na Sociedade do Conhecimento em que vivemos, o volume de informação cresce a um ritmo exponencial e prolifera em diferentes suportes e tipologias, aglomerando informação científica e fidedigna com artigos de opinião e dados menos corretos. Face este cenário de caos informativo, cabe, de um modo particular, à Universidade preparar os seus alunos para responder às novas exigências e a Biblioteca Universitária, devido à sua natureza e missão, constitui-se como uma fonte de informação privilegiada, apetrechada de toda uma série de recursos fiáveis e pertinentes, ao serviço dos seus utilizadores e à distância de um clique. O presente relatório apresenta-se como um estudo de caso e tem como objetivo descrever as atividades respeitantes ao estágio curricular realizado na Biblioteca Universitária Professor Victor de Sá (BVS), que disponibiliza aos seus utilizadores uma série de recursos digitais, entre os quais bases de dados de importância reconhecida e certificada internacionalmente, que se constituem como uma grande mais-valia nos trabalhos de investigação de alunos e docentes da Universidade. Verifica-se porém, que o índice de utilização destes recursos digitais, apesar da sua qualidade, é inferior ao esperado pelos técnicos da Biblioteca. O estudo aqui apresentado propõe-se aferir as causas dos baixos níveis de utilização destes recursos, com vista a possibilitar a correção desta situação e permitir à BVS um retorno eficaz do investimento realizado através da satisfação das necessidades dos seus utilizadores. Nesse sentido foi elaborado e aplicado um questionário e apesar de os alunos universitários serem, tendencialmente, cada vez mais competentes tecnologicamente, os resultados revelam dificuldades ao nível da localização, avaliação e utilização da informação. O levantamento e a análise dos dados, sobre as práticas de utilização dos recursos digitais disponibilizados pela BVS, propõe-se servir de suporte ao estabelecimento de um programa de ação adequado às necessidades evidenciadas, sendo apresentadas algumas sugestões de forma a corrigir a situação verificada., In the knowledge society in which we live, the volume of information increases at an exponential rate and proliferates in different supports and types, pilling up scientific and reliable information with articles of opinion and less correct data. Given this scenario of informative chaos, it is up to the University, in particular, to prepare its students to respond to the new demands, whereas the University Library due to its nature and mission, constitutes itself as a privileged information source, equipped with a whole series of reliable and relevant resources at the service of its users and at the distance of a click. This report pretends to be a study case and aims to describe the activities related to the curricular internship attended at Professor Victor de Sá University Library (BVS), which provides its users a variety of digital resources, including internationally certified databases of recognized importance, and which constitute a surplus value in the research work of students and of the teaching staff of the University. However, is possible to observe, that the use rate of digital resources, despite its quality is lower than expected by the Library technicians. The present study aims to assess the causes of these low levels of use in order to enable the correction of this situation and to allow the BVS an effective return on investment by meeting the needs of its users. With this purpose, a questionnaire was drawn up and applied and although college students are increasingly becoming technologically more competent, the results reveal difficulties at the level of location, of assessment and of the use of information. The survey and data analysis on the practices of use of digital resources made available by the BVS, pretends to provide support to the establishment of an appropriate program of action adjusted to the identified needs, and includes some suggestions in order to correct the status quo., Orientação : Gisélia Felício

Background: Apoptosis plays a key role in intestinal injury, as response to ischemia. In this study, apoptosis in the duodenum after haemorrhage and volume replacement was evaluated with M30, in a pig model. Material and methods: Apoptosis was evaluated in paraffin sections of duodenum from pigs that underwent total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and remifentanil, and controlled bleeding and volume replacement using Ringer’s lactate (Group1, n=6). Apoptosis was also evaluated in a control group of animals that underwent TIVA, without bleeding (n=6). M30 Cytodeath immunofluorescence assay used a mouse monoclonal antibody (M30clone) (Roche) for detection of a caspase cleavage product of cytokeratin 18. Results: Group1: epithelial cells from the tips of the villi showed strong positive reaction, decreasing towards the body of the villi, negative in crypts and glands. Control group: epitelial cells from the tips of the villi showed a weak positive reaction, also decreasing towards the body and negative in crypts and glands. Discussion and Conclusions: Apoptosis occurred mainly in the epithelium of the villi, appearing to precede intestinal mucosa desquamation. Subsequent studies are being developed to determine the apoptotic index and correlation between immunohistochemical methods in small intestinal segments in the two groups of this study. FEDER-COMPETE Program, FCT, project COMPETE: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-009525. CI&DETS (PEst-OE/CED/UI4016/2014)

A theme located at the intersection between health and society and media coverage marked by the meeting between journalism and science. Based on this context and based on the assumption news as a social construction and product of culture, this paper analyzes 35 reports in the Folha de S.Paulo newspaper in 2009 about schizophrenia and its characters. News stories that discuss mental illness that carries the greatest stigma and reaches almost 2 million Brazilians and refer to clinical and scientific aspects (health) and actions of possible carriers. From quantitative and qualitative content analysis, the texts have been evaluated in order to understand what news we have, the elements and the versions of "reality" acting in its construction and, finally, to infer because they are what they are . There has been a notably polysemic coverage, which includes heterogeneous, conflicting and complementary versions of both scientific and common sense, alternating between the social representations of an idealized and saving science will find a cure for schizophrenia and psychosis images of a view as a permanent condition, summarized by madness and whose carriers are violent, insane and incapable. Un tema se encuentra en la intersección entre la salud y la sociedad y los medios de comunicación marcada por la reunión entre el periodismo y la ciencia. En base a este contexto y en base a la suposición de noticias como una construcción social y producto de la cultura, este trabajo analiza 35 informes en el diario Folha de S. Paulo en 2009 sobre la esquizofrenia y sus personajes. Las noticias que tratan sobre la enfermedad mental que lleva el mayor estigma y llega a casi 2 millones de brasileños y se refieren a los aspectos clínicos y científicos (de salud) y las acciones de posibles portadores. A partir del análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo, los textos fueron evaluados con el fin de entender lo que las noticias que tenemos, los elementos y las versiones de la "realidad" que operan en su construcción y, por último, inferir porque son como son . Ha habido una cobertura notablemente polisémico, que incluye versiones heterogéneas, contradictorias y complementarias de ambos sentido científico y común, alternando entre las representaciones sociales de una ciencia idealizada y el ahorro va a encontrar una cura para la esquizofrenia y psicosis imágenes de una vista como una condición permanente, resumida por la locura y cuyos portadores son violentos, locos e incapaz. Um tema localizado na intersecção entre saúde e sociedade e uma cobertura midiática marcada pelo encontro entre jornalismo e ciência. Baseado nesse contexto e partindo do pressuposto de notícia como construção social e produto da cultura, este artigo analisa 35 notícias veiculadas pelo jornal Folha de S.Paulo, em 2009, sobre a esquizofrenia e seus personagens. Narrativas noticiosas que abordam a doença mental que carrega o maior estigma e atinge a quase 2 milhões de brasileiros e se referem a seus aspectos clínicos e científicos (saúde) e as ações de possíveis portadores. A partir de análise de conteúdo quantitativa e qualitativa, os textos foram avaliados a fim de compreender quais as notícias que temos, os elementos constitutivos e as versões da "realidade" que atuam em sua construção e, por fim, inferir porque elas são como são. Notou-se uma cobertura notadamente polissêmica, que comporta versões heterogêneas, conflitantes e complementares tanto científicas quanto do senso comum, alternando-se entre as representações sociais de uma ciência idealizada e salvadora, que encontrará a cura da esquizofrenia e as imagens de uma psicose vista como uma condição permanente, resumida pela loucura e cujos portadores são violentos, insanos e incapazes

Mestrado em Contabilidade - Fiscalidade Numa era em que as novas tecnologias imperam e em que o comércio também se passa a realizar através da Internet urge indagar sobre qual o impacto dessa atividade no âmbito da fiscalidade. As preocupações relativamente à tributação deste novo paradigma têm vindo a aumentar uma vez que o Comércio Eletrónico facilita a evasão e a fraude fiscais. Com este trabalho pretende-se fornecer uma abordagem ao tema do Comércio Eletrónico, assim como à aplicabilidade da fiscalidade direta e indireta a esta nova tendência mundial. In an era new technologies rule and where trade is increasingly being conducted over the Internet the question arises as to the impact that this will have on the taxation. Concerns regarding the taxation of this new paradigm have been increasing since the Electronic Commerce facilitates tax evasion and fraud. This work aims to provide an approach to the issue of electronic commerce, as well as the applicability of direct and indirect taxation to this new global trend.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em História Este trabalho propõe a análise dos discursos científicos e estatais veiculados em Nossa Senhora do Desterro, durante o período de 1831-1864. Objetiva-se flagrar a inter-relação Estado-sociedade e as modificações produzidas por esses discursos no cotidiano da população. O trabalho procura demonstrar as fragmentárias alterações que foram sendo introduzidas no espaço urbano desterrense em nome da higiene pública, do combate aos miasmas e da assimilação de um modelo produzido na corte do Rio de Janeiro. Da mesma forma, pretende-se contrapor a estrutura social e urbana de Desterro a um discurso político normativo, evidenciando as estratégias utilizadas para viabilizar a prática.

Despite the great advances of technology in networking areas, space missions sometimes face difficulties to achieve a successful operational state when high reliability data links are not available between their control centres and the ground stations, causing loss of data and disconnections. The reasons are varied, from time and cost constraints to design and implementation restrictions, as well as additional limitations imposed by the Mission Control System (MCS). The objective of this paper is to share the experience gained at different stages of past spacecraft missions where CCSDS Space Link Extension services were not offered in the initial design, to present the solutions found to mitigate the data losses and to illustrate the positive impact to the overall mission following the implementation of CCSDS SLE services. Comparisons between different ground protocols, used extensively in space operations, to transport telemetry at higher data rates in real time between remote ground stations and control centres, and appropriate parameter fine-tuning that led to improved data delivery reliability are taken into consideration as well. This paper presents the operational success of the deployment of the SLE protocol to overcome the difficulties caused by the specified restrictions and limitations. The result of this analysis, or just parts of it, could be useful to space agencies in planning and designing their future missions in an optimal manner with respect to the ground network design and costs.

La manca d’espai en una planta amb ganes d’expandir-se, augmentant el porta foli de productes, va ser el motiu principal per la realització d’aquest projecte. La conversió del magatzem en una zona de producció moderna, treballant sota la filosofia Just in Time, va obligar a la planta a realitzar una reestructuració de l’espai. Un servei llançadora per realitzar la càrrega i descàrrega de la mercaderia pel lateral del camió es va veure com la millor solució al problema. Aquesta solució permetia la utilització de l’espai, fins ara ocupat per l’estacionament dels camions, augmentant la freqüència d’arribada d’aquests i reduint el temps de càrrega. D’altra banda, els molls de càrrega i descàrrega de producte acabat es troben en un carrer amb molt trànsit de doble sentit de circulació. Això provoca cues i l’incompliment de les marques vials, ja que cada cop que un camió vol estacionar a l’interior del magatzem per realitzar el procés de càrrega del producte acabat, la circulació del carrer queda intransitable, provocant cues de vehicles i posant en perill la seguretat dels vianants. Tots aquests fets fan plantejar-se un nou sistema per realitzar la càrrega de producte acabat. L’objectiu general del projecte es trobar una solució de millora per facilitar l’estacionament del camió i la posterior càrrega, tenint en compte tant aspectes logístics com estructurals. S’ha desenvolupat informació de tipus gràfic en forma de plànols A3 per facilitar la comprensió de l’establert com a solució d’aquest projecte.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, 2011. Este trabalho procura analisar a oferta de cursos técnicos de nível médio nas modalidades concomitante, subsequente e integrado e as implicações da oferta destas modalidades na visão dos atores envolvidos neste processo, quais sejam egressos e profissionais da educação, mediante o Decreto Federal n° 5.154/04. Este Decreto traz a modalidade integrada revogando o Decreto Federal n° 2.208/97, mas não extinguindo as demais ofertas de cursos técnicos nas modalidades concomitante e subsequente. Este trabalho pretende analisar os cursos técnicos de nível médio, através da oferta nas três modalidades, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, verificar a importância destes cursos na educação profissional e qual o efeito provocado pela mudança gerada com o Decreto n° 5.154/04. A continuidade da oferta de cursos técnicos concomitantes e subsequentes atende como cumprimento às diretrizes da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996 que trata a educação profissional como oportunidade para todo cidadão, e a oferta da modalidade técnica integrada ao ensino médio, veio com o intuito de dar condições de profissionalização e de prosseguimento nos estudos para níveis superiores, dando sentido ao ensino médio. Este trabalho é um estudo de caso e caracteriza-se como pesquisa qualitativa utilizando-se da análise documental e entrevista com os atores, quais sejam profissionais da educação e egressos para o levantamento de dados. Ao final, como parte da análise dos resultados, observa-se que a evolução da oferta dos cursos no Campus pesquisado acompanhou os decretos, mas a instituição o fez dentro de prazos necessários à sua implantação, não necessariamente em ambos os decretos, implantando-os imediatamente. Nas entrevistas os profissionais mostraram-se favoráveis à oferta de todos os cursos técnicos nas três modalidades e quanto aos egressos. O resultado é que a modalidade não foi o fator decisório na escolha, mas a questão vocacional e a situação ocupacional é que foram levados em conta. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT This paper attempts to review the provision of technical courses of middle level in the concurrently, subsequently and integrated modalities and the implications of this provision in the actors‟ view involved in this process, which are egresses and professionals in education by the Federal Decree No. 5.154/04. This Decree provides the integrated modality revoking the Federal Decree No. 2.208/97, but not extinguishing other offers of technical courses in concurrent and subsequent modalities. Given this, it allowed one more form of qualification and professional retraining. Specifically, this study aims to examine the technical courses at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Southeastern Minas Gerais, Campus Rio Pomba, verify the importance of these courses in professional education and the effect caused by the change due to Decree No. 5154 / 04. Because it is a qualification offered in less time and it is also a proposal for reclassification for those who are already in the working world, the continued provision of technical courses serves as concurrent and subsequent compliance with the guidelines of the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education 1996 that treats the professional education as an opportunity for every citizen, and the provision of integrated technical modality to high school, came with the intention of giving conditions for professional and continuing studies to higher levels, giving meaning to high school. This work is a case study and it is characterized as qualitative research using the documental analysis and interview with the actors, which are professional of the education and graduates for the rising of data. At the end, as part of the analysis of the results, it is observed that the offer of the courses evolution in the researched Campus accompanied the ordinances, but the institution made it inside of the necessary periods to its implantation, no necessarily in both ordinances, implanting them immediately. In the interviews the professionals were shown favorable to the offer of all of the technical courses in the three modalities and as for the graduates. The result is that the modality was not the decision factor in the choice, but the vocational subject and the occupational situation is that were considered important.

A disseminação da prática de coautoria no Brasil e na comunidade internacional tem sido acompanhada pelo aumento no registro de fraudes, manipulações e outros desvios ao definir a responsabilidade por um trabalho científico. Este artigo discorre sobre os critérios utilizados para atribuição da autoria, as razões para o crescimento dos índices de coautoria e os desafios para estabelecer a autoria em periódicos eletrônicos. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso (a partir de levantamento de base de dados), aponta caminhos para evitar que "desvios de comportamento" quanto à atribuição de autoria abalem a credibilidade da ciência. The dissemination of the practice of collaborative authorship (coauthorship) in Brazil and in the international scientific community has been accompanied by an increasing occurrence of frauds, manipulations and other deviations in the assignment of responsibility for a scientific paper. This article discusses the criteria for authorship attribution, the reasons for the growing indices of coauthorship and the challenges to determine authorship in electronic journals. Through literature review and case study (bibliographic search in scientific database), it shows ways to avoid that "misbehaviors" related to the authorship attribution affect the credibility of science.