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We introduce an anisotropic regularization framework for the reconstruction of distribution functions from measurements, utilizing an approach that applies distinct regularization techniques such as non-negative constrained Tikhonov, total variation, and Besov-space priors, either penalizing the one-norm or the two-norm, in each dimension to reflect the anisotropic characteristics of the multidimensional data. This method, applied to fast-ion loss detector (FILD) measurements, demonstrates a significant improvement over conventional nonnegative-constrained zeroth-order Tikhonov regularization because the prior information of the form of the distribution allows better reconstructions. The validity of the approach is corroborated through FILD measurements of prompt fast-ion losses in an ASDEX Upgrade discharge, where the reconstructed distribution function agrees well with the prompt-loss distribution predicted by ASCOT simulations. Moreover, we develop a composite quality metric, Q , that combines the mean squared error and the Jaccard index for a comprehensive evaluation of reconstruction accuracy and spatial fidelity. Finally, anisotropic regularization is applied to FILD measurements at ASDEX Upgrade to study fast-ion acceleration by edge-localized modes. The refined analysis resolves fine structure in the pitch of the accelerated ions and clearly shows that some ions are accelerated to over twice the injection energy.

Abstract Studies have shown that anodically grown TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) exhibit excellent biocompatibility. However, TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) have received less attention. The objective of this study was to investigate the proliferation of osteoblast precursor cells on the surfaces of TNWs grown by electrochemical anodization of a Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) alloy. TNT and flat TNZT surfaces were used as control samples. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on the surfaces of the samples for up to 5 days, and cell viability and proliferation were investigated using fluorescence microscopy, colorimetric assay, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed lower cell proliferation rates on the TNW surface compared to control samples without significant differences in cell survival among experimental conditions. Contact angles measurements showed a good level of hydrophilicity for the TNWs, however, their relatively thin diameter and their high density may have affected cell proliferation. Although more research is necessary to understand all the parameters affecting biocompatibility, these TiO2 nanostructures may represent promising tools for the treatment of bone defects and regeneration of bone tissue, among other applications.

Abstract Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients usually require long periods of mechanical ventilation and sedation, which added to steroid therapy, favours a predisposition to the development of delirium and subsequent mental health disorders, as well as physical and respiratory sequelae. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) at 3 months after hospital discharge, in a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). An ambispective, observational study was conducted in three hospitals with intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up clinics. We studied adults who survived a critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. A physical (muscle strength and pulmonary function), functional [12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Barthel score], psychological [hospital anxiety and depression (HADS) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity scales], and cognitive [Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test] assessment were performed. A total of 186 patients were evaluated at 88 days (IQR 68–121) after hospital discharge. Mean age was 59 ± 12 years old, 126 (68%) patients were men, and median length of mechanical ventilation was 14 days (IQR 8–31). About 3 out of 4 patients (n = 139, 75%) met PICS criteria. Symptoms of cognitive and psychiatric disorders were found in 59 (32%) and 58 (31%) patients, respectively. Ninety-one (49%) patients had muscle weakness. Pulmonary function tests in patients with no respiratory comorbidities showed a normal pattern in 93 (50%) patients, and a restrictive disorder in 62 (33%) patients. Also, 69 patients (37%) were on sick leave, while 32 (17%) had resumed work at the time of assessment. In conclusion, survivors of critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring mechanical ventilation have a high prevalence of PICS. Physical domain is the most frequently damaged, followed by cognitive and psychiatric disorders. ICU follow-up clinics enable the assistance of this vulnerable population.

Limbic surgery is one of the most attractive and retaken fields of functional neurosurgery in the last two decades. Psychiatric surgery emerged from the incipient work of Moniz and Lima lesioning the prefrontal cortex in agitated patients. Since the onset of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery with Spiegel and Wycis, the treatment of mental diseases gave attention to refractory illnesses mainly with the use of thalamotomies. Neurosis and some psychotic symptoms were treated by them. Several indications when lesioning the brain were included: obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and aggressiveness among others with a diversity of targets. The indiscriminately use of anatomical sites without enough scientific evidence, and uncertainly defined criteria for selecting patients merged with a deficiency in ethical aspects, brought a lack of procedures for a long time: only select clinics allowed this surgery around the world from 1950 to the 1990s. In 1999, Nuttin et al. began a new chapter in limbic surgery with the use of Deep Brain Stimulation, based on the experience of pain, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy. The efforts were focused on different targets to treat depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Nevertheless, other diseases were added to use neuromodulation. The goal of this article is to show the new opportunities to treat neuropsychiatric diseases.

Calcium is the third most crucial nutrient for andean blackberry; however, its absorption is limited in acid soils, and its low mobility in the plant decreases its effects on fruits. Therefore, the effect of foliar fertilizers with calcium on andean blackberry fruits was estimated. In three locations, experiments were established with five calcium sources (Ca chelate, CaB nitrate, Ca oxide, CaB and CaBZn gluconate) and a control without calcium, applied in three phenological stages and recording: weight, diameters, firmness, color, juice, pulp, pH, soluble solids, acidity, dehydration, and damage. Soil and tissue analysis was performed to identify the relationship between the plant's nutritional conditions and its fertilization response. For the statistical analysis were used mixed models, tests of means, and principal components. Foliar fertilization with chelate, nitrate, and calcium oxide in andean blackberry crops with thorns, in production, with pruning management, and in the phenological stages of flower bud, fruit set, and red fruit, is a viable alternative to improve firmness, weight, and diameter of the fruits. In contrast, the chemical and color parameters in andean blackberry fruits depend on the edaphoclimatic conditions of each zone. This fertilization should be considered as a complement in soils without acidity problems and with balanced cationic saturations.

Abstract Background Patient education on pharmacological treatment could reduce readmissions. Our objective was to carry out a pharmacist intervention focused on providing information about high-risk medications to chronic patients and to analyse its influence on readmissions and costs. Methods A single-centre study with an intervention group and a retrospective control group was conducted. The intervention was carried out in all polymedicated patients ≥ 65 years who were admitted to internal medicine and signed the informed consent between June 2017 and February 2018. Patients discharged to nursing homes or long-term hospitals were excluded. The control group were all the patients who were admitted during the same months of 2014 who met the same inclusion criteria. The patients were classified according to the HOSPITAL score as having a low, intermediate, or high risk of potentially avoidable readmission. Outcome measures were 30-day readmission and cost data. To analyse the effect of the intervention on readmission, a logistic regression was performed. Results The study included 589 patients (286 intervention group; 303 control group). The readmission rate decreased from 20.13% to 16.43% in the intervention group [OR = 0.760 95% CI (0.495–1.166); p = 0.209)]. The incremental cost for the intervention to prevent one readmission was €3,091.19, and the net cost saving was €1,301.26. In the intermediate- and high-risk groups, readmissions were reduced 10.91% and 10.00%, and the net cost savings were €3,3143.15 and €3,248.71, respectively. Conclusions The pharmacist intervention achieved savings in the number of readmissions, and the net cost savings were greater in patients with intermediate and high risks of potentially avoidable readmission according to the HOSPITAL score.

Antecedentes. Trichomonas tenax (T. tenax) se encuentra en la boca de sujetos con mala higiene bucal, generalmente se asocia con la presencia de enfermedad periodontal; sin embargo y a pesar de que se considera un organismo comensal puede ocasionar daño celular. Este es el primer reporte que evidencia actividad de fosfolipasas A1 y A2 en extractos de T. tenax. Objetivo. Identificar la actividad enzimática tipo fosfolipasa en extractos y fracciones obtenidas de cultivos axénicos de T. tenax; y evaluar la relación y dependencia con el tiempo de incubación, la dosis, el pH y el calcio. Métodos. Se determinó la actividad de fosfolipasas en extractos de T. tenax cultivados en medio TYI-S-33; y se evaluó la relación tiempo-actividad, dosis-actividad, pH-actividad y calcio-actividad después de la incubación a 37°C. Resultados. Las actividades tipo fosfolipasa A1 y A2 están presentes en la fracción subcelular, y en el sobrenadante, aumentan cuando se incrementa su concentración (contenido proteico del extracto), es máxima a los 120 min, con pH = 8 y depende de Ca+. Conclusiones. Las fosfolipasas de T. tenax dependen de la cantidad de proteína, el tiempo de incubación, el pH y el calcio; estos resultados añaden evidencia del probable papel patológico de T. tenax en el desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal.

Carbon monoxide was recently reported in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-39b using the NIRSpec PRISM transit observation of this planet, collected as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program. This detection, however, could not be confidently confirmed in the initial analysis of the higher-resolution observations with NIRSpec G395H disperser. Here we confirm the detection of CO in the atmosphere of WASP-39b using the NIRSpec G395H data and cross-correlation techniques. We do this by searching for the CO signal in the unbinned transmission spectrum of the planet between 4.6 and 5.0 μ m, where the contribution of CO is expected to be higher than that of other anticipated molecules in the planet’s atmosphere. Our search results in a detection of CO with a cross-correlation function (CCF) significance of 6.6 σ when using a template with only ^12 C ^16 O lines. The CCF significance of the CO signal increases to 7.5 σ when including in the template lines from additional CO isotopologues, with the largest contribution being from ^13 C ^16 O. Our results highlight how cross-correlation techniques can be a powerful tool for unveiling the chemical composition of exoplanetary atmospheres from medium-resolution transmission spectra, including the detection of isotopologues.

Introducción. La carrera de medicina es una de las licenciaturas que duran más de cuatro años de estudio, además los médicos residentes se someten a guardias de más de 24 horas de trabajo durante su formación académica. Objetivo. Conocer los efectos clínicos de las guardias en los médicos residentes de la especialidad de Medicina de Urgencias de los hospitales de Monterrey, Nuevo León. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio analítico, longitudinal, de carácter prospectivo, pre-post y multicéntrico. Se estudió a 28 residentes de la especialidad de Medicina de Urgencias de la Ciudad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, en tres hospitales de la Ciudad del sector público. Se incluyeron solo los residentes de medicina de urgencias, previo consentimiento informado, que cursaron una guardia de 24 horas. Se recolectaron todas las variables al ingreso a la guardia. Se excluyeron aquellos residentes que no terminaban la guardia completa o que no acudían a toma de datos en su etapa de posguardia. Resultados. El 60.7% eran hombres, el 75% de los residentes cuentan con alteración del índice de masa corporal, el 100% de los participantes cuentan con guardias ABCD. La presión arterial sistólica de ingreso mediana fue de 119 mmHg y de posguardia 124 mmHg (p = 0.020); la presión arterial media de ingreso a guardia fue de 91.2 y de posguardia de 95.3 (p = 0.015). La frecuencia respiratoria de ingreso fue de 16 por minuto y posterior a la guardia, de 18 por minuto (p = 0.005). El grado de estrés de los residentes fue moderado, un 57%. Conclusiones. Las guardias de 24 horas generan efectos clínicos negativos en los médicos residentes de la especialidad de Medicina de Urgencias.

Introduction: Up to 73% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) currently have prescriptions for psychotropic drugs. This is explained by a higher prevalence of medical and psychiatric chronic comorbidities, which favors polypharmacy, increasing the probability of the appearance of adverse events (AEs). These could be a preventable cause of harm to patients with ASD and an unnecessary waste of healthcare resources. Objective: To study the impact of pharmacogenetic markers on the prevention of AE appearance in a population with ASD and ID. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study (n = 118, 72 participants completed all information) in the ASD population. Sociodemographic and pharmacological data were gathered. The Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser Scale (UKU Scale) was used to identify AEs related to the use of psychotropic medication. Polymorphisms of DOP2, ABCB1, and COMT were genotyped and correlated with the AE to find candidate genes. Furthermore, a review of all medications assessed in a clinical trial for adults with autism was performed to enrich the search for potential pharmacogenetic markers, keeping in mind the usual medications. Results: The majority of the study population were men (75%) with multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy, the most frequently prescribed drugs were antipsychotics (69%); 21% of the participants had four or more AEs related to psychotropic drugs. The most common were “Neurological” and” Psychiatric” (both 41%). Statistical analysis results suggested a significant correlation between the neurological symptoms and the DOP2 genotype, given that they are not equally distributed among its allelic variants. The final review considered 19 manuscripts of medications for adults with ASD, and the confirmed genetic markers for those medications were consulted in databases. Conclusion: A possible correlation between neurologic AEs and polymorphisms of DOP2 was observed; therefore, studying this gene could contribute to the safety of this population’s prescriptions. The following studies are underway to maximize statistical power and have a better representation of the population.

CrI3 is a popular van der Waals magnet that exhibits anomalous magnetic properties between bulk and thin layers due to different crystal symmetry. Here, the authors report the coexistence of different magnetostructural phases over the entire range of temperatures, solving a long-standing puzzle.

Abstract Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The CF variants incidence is highly variable and even undetermined in some countries like Mexico. Methods In this study, the allele frequencies of 361 variants in the CFTR gene were investigated in 1455 Mexicans without a CF or CFTR-related disorders (CFTR-RD) diagnosis. We also performed a statistical comparative analysis against allele frequencies of different populations to measure genetic differences in the prevalence of CFTR variants. Results In the vast majority of cases, the allele frequencies of this cohort were comparable to those found in other populations. However, some variants displayed significant differences in their allele frequencies when compared with European and African populations. Conclusions This study provides information about CFTR variants to predict the prevalence of CF in Mexico and uncover other unknown but frequent pathogenic variants in the country. Additionally, other CFTR-RD variants have also been studied using population data of the same CFTR variants. Studies like this could help develop a regional molecular diagnostic screen to optimize the medical care of CF patients.

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados de un estudio sobre la representación de LGTBIQ+ en la serie de animación infantil Steven Universe, creada por Rebecca Sugar y distribuida por Cartoon Network Studio. La ficción ha sido y sigue siendo el género de entretenimiento más valioso para los mercados y también para las audiencias. Por ello el estudio de los personajes ficcionales es esencial para conocer los roles representados sobre comunidades concretas. A través de un estudio de los personajes de la serie analizaremos si las ficciones seriadas infantiles actuales refuerzan el discurso cisheteropatriarcal o si, por el contrario, existen alternativas mediante las cuales se representan otras realidades, con una mirada más inclusiva en la que las perspectivas de género y LGTBIQ+ se integren en la narración.

In this article, we investigate the determinants of individuals’ opinions concerning the economic impact of immigrants. Unlike most previous studies, we use a large sample of 61 countries (Joint WVS/EVS 2017–2020 dataset) that are either net receivers or net emitters of migrants. Using a multilevel model, we test the effect of individuals’ characteristics and of several macroeconomic variables on the assessment of immigrants’ impact on development. We highlight that natives’ evaluation of the economic consequences of immigration is more influenced by age, trust, education, and income than by contextual variables such as growth, inflation, inequalities, income level, or number of immigrants in the country. Our results match with the hypothesis that immigrants are considered substitutes for low- and medium-skilled workers in capital-abundant countries. However, neither labour-market nor welfare-state considerations can be considered as the main drivers of the appraisals made about the economic impact of immigration. Our results tend to confirm the prediction that greater contact with immigrants reduces anti-immigrant opinions, in particular for skilled people. In contrast, immigrant inflows lead low- and medium-skilled people to make worse judgments concerning the economic consequences of immigration. All in all, our results validate the view that education comprises a major part of the cognitive assessment of the role played by immigrants in the economy, at least in high-income countries.

Este artículo tiene como intención proponer una reflexión epistemológica sobre los imaginarios como categoría analítica en las ciencias sociales, mediante la cual se pueden comprender los múltiples sentidos que configuran los sujetos en su interacción en torno a diferentes aspectos de su vida social, tales como la ciudadanía y la religiosidad. Así mismo, las reflexiones aquí propuestas forman parte del proceso investigativo adelantado en la tesis doctoral en marcha titulada Significaciones imaginarias en torno a la ciudadanía y la religiosidad, en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios de Pereira. Como parte de la fundamentación epistémica y teórica de dicha categoría, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión amplia de su uso en las ciencias sociales, especialmente según la teoría social de Castoriadis y otros autores afines, cuya línea de reflexión común busca dar cuenta de los sentidos en la vida particular. En este orden de ideas, se hicieron revisiones teóricas e investigaciones relacionadas en las cuales se muestra que dicha categoría, atravesada por la cultura, se convierte en un recurso analítico potente desde donde es posible aprehender los sentidos generados por la interacción social y a su vez, develar la forma como operan dichos sentidos, dando sustento así a las prácticas sociales relacionadas con las tramas construidas entre ciudadanía y la religiosidad. En suma, los imaginarios constituyen una categoría bisagra a través de la cual se logra identificar la relación entre el actor y el mundo y a partir de ello la construcción de sus realidades.