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Purpose: The current indication for comminuted radial head fractures is radial head arthroplasty (RHA). The main purpose of this study was to investigate any statistical differences in terms of prosthesis revision or removal and radiographic-degenerative changes by comparing patients who underwent RHA and ligaments repair to those who underwent only RHA implant at minimum two-years follow up. The secondary aim was to delineate a trend profile of RHA implants.Methods: All patients who underwent RHA surgery for traumatic pathology between January 2012 and December 2017 were eligible. Two researchers independently and retrospectively reviewed the patients’ charts and collected the following data: type of prosthesis, associated surgical procedures and revision surgery. They also looked for any radiographic sign of prosthesis loosening, overstuffing, capitellar osteopenia, heterotopic ossification and degenerative changes. No clinical evaluation was performed. Results: In six years 124 RHA were implanted (74 Female, 50 Male, mean age 56). The main diagnoses were: terrible-triad, trans-olecranon fracture and isolated radial head fracture. It was found no significant statistical difference between the two groups, nevertheless the cohort of patients that underwent ligaments repair had a lower revision rate in comparison to the other. Suture of the annular ligament seems to be critical. The overall revision rate was 10.5%.Conclusion:This multi-center study found no evidence that ligaments repair, as an associated surgical procedure, improves RHA longevity, except for annular ligament. Nevertheless, it seems to prevent degenerative changes at mid-term follow-up.

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are major components of atmospheric fine particulate matter, affecting climate and air quality. Mounting evidence exists that SOA can adopt glassy and viscous semisolid states, impacting formation and partitioning of SOA. In this study, we apply the GECKO-A (Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) model to conduct explicit chemical modeling of isoprene photooxidation and α-pinene ozonolysis and their subsequent SOA formation. The detailed gas-phase chemical schemes from GECKO-A are implemented into a box model and coupled to our recently developed glass transition temperature parameterizations, allowing us to predict SOA viscosity. The effects of chemical composition, relative humidity, mass loadings and mass accommodation on particle viscosity are investigated in comparison with measurements of SOA viscosity. The simulated viscosity of isoprene SOA agrees well with viscosity measurements as a function of relative humidity, while the model underestimates viscosity of α-pinene SOA by a few orders of magnitude. This difference may be due to missing processes in the model, including autoxidation and particle-phase reactions, leading to the formation of high-molar-mass compounds that would increase particle viscosity. Additional simulations imply that kinetic limitations of bulk diffusion and reduction in mass accommodation coefficient may play a role in enhancing particle viscosity by suppressing condensation of semi-volatile compounds. The developed model is a useful tool for analysis and investigation of the interplay among gas-phase reactions, particle chemical composition and SOA phase state.

This article analyses the effect of green procurement – the adoption of specific purchasing environmental policies along the supply chain – on firm’s financial performance and the influence of tour...

This work presents Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a laboratory scale RQL combustion chamber. Simulations were carried out using an in-house LES-code for reactive, two-phase, adiabatic flow implemented in OpenFOAM. The twophase turbulent reactive flow is modeled following a coupled Euler-Lagrange approach in combination with a presumed Joint Probability Density Function (JPDF) combustion model and tabulated chemistry. The reaction progress of laminar premixed flames is tabulated using a kerosene-surrogate chemical reaction mechanism. Calculated and measured velocity fields of the gaseous and liquid phase are compared to each other for reacting and non-reacting conditions. The results show excellent agreement between the two-dimensional flow fields derived from PIV and LES for the non-reactive case. The results of the reactive case show very good agreement for the velocity field.

The importance of place – as a unique spatial identity – has been recognized since antiquity. Ancient references to the 'genius loci', or spirit of place, evoked not only the location of a distinct atmosphere or environment, but also the protection of this location, and implicitly, its making and construction. This volume examines the concept of place as it relates to architectural production and building knowledge in early modern Europe (1400-1800). The places explored in the book's ten essays take various forms, from an individual dwelling to a cohesive urban development to an extensive political territory. Within the scope of each study, the authors draw on primary source documents and original research to demonstrate the distinctive features of a given architectural place, and how these are related to a geographic location, social circumstances, and the contributions of individual practitioners. The essays underscore the distinct techniques, practices and organizational structures by which physical places were made in the early modern period.

The research on new materials, fabrication processes, and characterization methods aims at obtaining sensors with low cost, high sensibility, and possibility of integration with electronic circuits. Recently, several works have focused on the development of gas sensors based on nanomaterials deposited on insulating platforms due to the remarkable sensing properties of such materials and simple device fabrication methods. However, the interference of such insulating platforms in the sensing properties of a miniaturized sensor becomes non-negligible depending on the dimensions, the type and amount of material, and the gas species analyzed. Thus, this paper proposes the use of interdigital aluminum microelectrodes patterned on a glass substrate to evaluate the influence of adsorption and desorption mechanisms of humidity and volatile organic compounds on this insulating surface. By analyzing the electrical conduction changes when the device is exposed to the mentioned vapors, we demonstrate that this influence is quite significant, as the electrical resistance of the glass insulating platform presented pronounced and fast resistance variation with repeatability and low drift. In addition, the selectivity among the experimented gas species was achieved by applying principal component analysis and supervised linear discriminant analysis classification methodologies, obtaining a success rate of 94% by using a cross-validation technique. The results show that the sensing properties of insulating platforms must be considered in some situations because they can affect the response of sensors based on nanomaterials deposited on insulating substrates.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease, characterized by flare-up due to the exposure to allergens in patients sensitized to them. Currently, therapy of AD is mainly based on symptomatic treatment and avoidance of irritating/allergenic factors, house dust mites being particularly important. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is suggested to be the only etiologic treatment, to modify the natural history of the disease. Areas covered: The aim of this review is investigating the putative role of AIT in AD through the evaluation of the most recent scientific literature. Several studies have been conducted since 1970, with promising results in improving the clinical outcome of AD, but they often lack the necessary scientific rigorousness. Moreover, heterogeneity of the studies makes it very difficult to compare and to analyze data in a systematic review or meta-analysis. Expert commentary: As a result of the above-mentioned limitations, the treatment of AD with causative aeroallergen can nowadays be suggested only as an add-on therapy in selected patients who are non-responsive to the traditional therapy.

24 avril. Je reprends mon Journal. J’ai fixé un entretien avec Pavelic pour demain à Ljubljana. Il s’agit plus de voir ce que pensent les Croates que de conclure un accord. Ce ne sera pas facile. Même en Italie a débuté une intense propagande dalmate opérée par les agitateurs habituels. Pour beaucoup, être dalmate est une profession. Quoi qu’il en soit, nous avons préparé deux solutions : une maximale de Fiume à Cattaro, une autre limitée à la Dalmatie historique. Cette dernière devrait être ...

1er juin. Audience chez le Roi. Il approuve la formule que je lui soumets. Il est désormais résigné, rien de plus que résigné à l’idée de la guerre. Il croit que la France et l’Angleterre ont encaissé des coups terriblement durs mais il attribue – et il a raison – beaucoup d’importance à l’éventuelle intervention américaine. Il sent que le pays entre en guerre sans enthousiasme : il y a aujourd’hui une propagande interventionniste mais il n’y pas un élan comparable à celui de 1915 : « Ceux qu...

1er décembre. Sparano me lit une lettre du ministre brésilien des Affaires étrangères qui narre les abus de l’ambassadeur allemand. Il demande notre solidarité. Je ne sais pas ce que nous pourrons faire si ce n’est nous proposer comme médiateur pour mettre fin à l’incident. Mais je crains que la crise soit profonde. L’action de propagande allemande sur leurs masses d’émigrés est de nature à rendre le gouvernement de Rio sérieusement inquiet à juste titre. Villani, en pleurant, comme c’est son...

1er mai. On ne voit pas d’hommes valides dans les villes et bourgades allemandes ou bien des ouvriers étrangers, esclaves de la glèbe. Edda, qui a visité un camp de nos ouvriers, en a trouvé un blessé au bras par la serpe d’un surveillant un peu trop brutal. Elle l’a dit à Hitler qui est entré en furie et a ordonné une enquête et des arrestations. Ceci ne changera pas le cours des choses. En Russie, les pertes sont élevées. Ribbentrop parle de 270 000 morts. Le général Marras monte à 700 000....

1er novembre. Finalement, le soleil. J’en profite pour bombarder Salonique. Au retour, je suis attaqué par la chasse grecque : tout va bien et deux des leurs sont abattus. Mais j’avoue – c’était la première fois que j’avais la chasse à mes trousses – que c’est une impression désagréable. De Tirana à tarente pour m’entretenir avec le Duce et de tarente à Rome d’où je repars pour l’Allemagne. 2 novembre. En voyage vers la région des Sudètes. 3 novembre. J’ai fait un rapport de mes entretiens av...

1er septembre. Retour à Rome. Entretien avec le Duce. Il est content de ce qui est advenu. Il se déclare également très satisfait que la guerre se prolonge au-delà « du mois en cours et peut-être au-delà de l’hiver, car ce sera l’occasion pour l’Italie d’accomplir de plus grands sacrifices et de mieux affirmer ses droits ». Aura-t-il raison cette fois encore ? N’y a-t-il pas le danger que la guerre – si elle ne trouve pas de solution immédiate – se prolonge au-delà du terme favorable pour nou...

1er février. Fondation de la Milice. Mussolini a fait un discours que je n’ai pas entendu, mais d’un extrémisme préoccupant d’après ce que l’on m’en a dit. Bref, intransigeant, conclu par l’affirmation que les Italiens ont le désir de combattre : « Ce combat qui viendra. » Malheureusement, il n’y a rien à faire. Sa volonté de faire la guerre est fixe et décidée. L’unique bonne nouvelle est qu’il a donné l’ordre à Pavolini de ne pas reproduire le discours dans la presse. Au moins n’y aura-t-il...

1er octobre. Je reçois un rapport de Pittalis depuis Munich qui, s’il ne dépeint pas la situation en couleurs sombres, ne fait pas dans le rose non plus. Le contraste qui commence à se dessiner entre Prussiens et Bavarois est très significatif. Certes, le facteur religieux est important, mais la disparition de nombreuses denrées alimentaires du marché bavarois du fait de la présence de riches Prussiens n’est pas à négliger. Et dire que l’on s’est étonné que les Italiens en aient voulu aux all...

Le 10 juin 1940, Mussolini déclare la guerre à la Grande-Bretagne et à la France. Malgré des réticences que tempèrent les victoires allemandes, Ciano reste ministre des Affaires étrangères. Le second volume de son Journal couvre la période de l'Italie fasciste en guerre jusqu'à son renvoi par le Duce le 5 février 1943. Précieux document, cette partie du Journal présente sans fard les déboires militaires italiens, les relations souvent complexes et ambiguës avec l'allié allemand, la progressive dégradation du fonctionnement de l'appareil du pouvoir fasciste et du consensus autour de celui-ci. Le Journal du comte Ciano est un document capital pour la compréhension du second conflit mondial et de la crise du régime fasciste. La présente édition offre une nouvelle traduction mais également un important appareil critique qui souhaite éclairer le texte et le confronter à diverses sources diplomatiques et aux Mémoires d'autres acteurs italiens et étrangers de la période.

Gendre de Mussolini, ministre des Affaires étrangères depuis juin 1936, Ciano est un observateur de premier plan tant des relations internationales que du fonctionnement du régime fasciste dont il est un acteur majeur. L’époque concernée par ce premier volume aborde la fin de la guerre d’Espagne, l’Anschluss envers l’Autriche, la conférence de Munich et ses conséquences, l’annexion de l’Albanie, le rapprochement avec l’Allemagne, les relations avec les démocraties occidentales, la crise germano-polonaise de l’été 1939, le choix de la non-belligérance, et enfin la décision de déclarer la guerre à la Grande-Bretagne et à la France le 10 juin 1940. Le document éclaire également le fonctionnement de l’Italie fasciste : relation avec la monarchie, l’Église, les hiérarques, la législation antisémite. La présente édition offre une nouvelle traduction du Journal ainsi qu’un important appareil critique qui permet d’éclairer le texte et le confronter à diverses sources diplomatiques et aux Mémoires d’autres acteurs italiens et étrangers de la période.

The publication presents Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of flow over a reduced-scale wind tunnel model of a forest canopy. The final aim of the study is to determine factors responsible for damage in forests by strong winds. The wind tunnel forest was represented by an open-porous foam material for the crown layer and wooden dowels for the trunk layer. The forest model was installed in the open test section of a Goettingen-type wind tunnel and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were made for the acquisition of the flow field data. The numerical simulations were performed with OpenFOAM®. The forest was modelled by an additional sink term in the momentum transport equations based on the leaf area density and a characteristic drag coefficient for the underlying tree specimen. Large-eddy simulations with different subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence models were carried out and compared to wind tunnel data. The Smagorinsky SGS model outperformed the dynamic Lagrangian SGS model in the windward edge region (within a distance of approximately 2 tree heights from the leading edge) whereas the dynamic Lagrangian SGS model showed a better performance for regions farther downstream.

To evaluate whether the application of the Relationship-based care model as a new treatment, called "Take 5 min", affects the level of anxiety, depression, and perceived quality of nursing care of parents of paediatric patients and the work satisfaction of the nursing staff.Single-blind randomized controlled trial.The trial was performed from February-July 2016. The trial was conducted with one intervention (N = 101) and one control group (N = 90). Nurses applied the treatment named "Take 5 Minutes", which consisted of dedicating some short time (from 5 to 10 min) to the relationship with the parents using specifically designed communication strategies. The primary outcome was the evaluation of anxiety and depression of parents; the secondary was the parent perceived quality of nursing care.In the experimental group, participants had a lower level of anxiety and depression and highlighted that the effect of the "Take 5 Minutes" was proportional to the initial seriousness of parents' anxiety and depression. Higher scores for the perception of the quality of care were given from the parents of the experimental group.The "Take 5 Minutes" treatment offered to parents of paediatric patients demonstrated significant improvements in terms of their anxiety, depression, and perceived quality of nursing care.Caregivers of paediatric patients are subject to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. The communication by the nursing community is of fundamental importance in the management of anxiety and depression in the caregivers of hospitalized patients. Caregivers who received the "Take 5 Minutes" treatment demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety and depression compared with the control group caregivers. The perceived level of quality of nursing care showed a significant increase in the group of caregivers who received the T5M treatment. The RBC model does not require extra costs for health organizations and can be applied during the usual practice of care. Practices such as T5M could become part of paediatric patient care guidelines and nurses should be trained to apply them.Padua Research: ID No. 10,034; ClinicalTrials.gov: ID No. NCT04199429.目的: 评估关系型护理模式(又称“五分钟模式”)作为新的治疗方法是否会对患儿家长的焦虑、抑郁、护理感知质量及护理人员工作满意度等造成影响。 设计: 单盲随机对照试验。 方法: 试验时间为2016年2月至7月。试验过程中,设有一个干预组(N=101)和一个对照组(N=90)。护士采用名为“五分钟模式”的治疗方法,选择专门设计的交流策略,旨在花费短时间,缓和患儿与家长的关系(从5分钟到10分钟不等)。主要结果涉及家长焦虑抑郁的评定,其次是家长对护理质量的感知。 结果: 实验组中,参与者的焦虑和抑郁水平较低,并且参与者强调“五分钟模式”治疗方法的效果与家长最初的焦虑和抑郁程度相关。实验组的家长对护理质量的认知得分更高。 结论: 如果向患儿家长提供“五分钟模式”的治疗方法,其焦虑、抑郁和感知护理质量都将显著改善。 影响: 患儿的照料者容易出现抑郁、焦虑等心理障碍。如果加强护理社区的沟通,护理人员的焦虑和抑郁情绪将得到控制。相较于对照组的护理者,接受“五分钟模式”治疗的护理者的焦虑和抑郁均显著降低。此外,接受“五分钟模式”治疗的护理者对护理质量的感知水平明显提高。如果选择RBC模式,则健康组织无需支付额外费用,并且通常情况下,这一模式可以在护理实践中应用。“五分钟模式”等实践可以用作患儿护理指南,并且,护士应该接受相关培训,以便确保可应用这些实践。 试验注册号: Padua Research:识别号10,034;ClinicalTrials.gov:识别号NCT04199429.

Gas sensors are usually made of metallic oxides and need to operate at relatively high temperatures (about hundreds of Celsius degrees). Besides, they generally present drawbacks: low selectivity, elevated response time, and degradation. Novel nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, among others, have been proposed to overcome these problems due to their unique electronic properties. However, these materials also present low selectivity for many gas species. In order to take advantage of the benefits of using carbon materials for gas sensing at room temperature, this work presents a proposal of humidity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensing based on a miniaturized platform composed of four sensors. The lack of selectivity of individual materials is compensated by crossing the responses of each sensor. Results showed very fast response and recovery times (just few seconds), as well as good sensitivity (response variation up to four orders of magnitude). With this approach, the selectivity to discriminate the vapors can be improved, since each substance has an individual response pattern in the gas sensor array.

Real time in-situ characterization of electron emitters is fundamental to evaluate the efficiency of field emission devices. We here present the potentialities of a new system for this purpose, since conventional electronic systems provide only an average of the total emission current of the device under test. Through the developed system, images generated in a phosphorescent anode are captured, processed and correlated with the emission current from the effective emitting centers of the cathode surface in real time. We discuss the advantages of applying the innovative features of the new system based on virtual instrumentation concept in contrast with the traditional methods of characterization. Finally, a case study demonstrates the functionalities of the new system. The results prove that our system is an innovative tool for extracting relevant parameters in field emission devices characterization.