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A study at the University of Washington affirmed that medical students learn more and rate the learning experience higher when the "Gynny" anthropomorphic pelvic model is included in the instructional sequence than when it is not. (MLW)

The use of trained gynecologic teaching associates (GTAs) in providing instruction on the gynecologic examination is discussed. GTAs work in pairs; while one provides instruction, the other serves as a model. A study to measure student anxiety and confidence during the examination is described. (MLW)

A course developed to fill a gap related to women's health issues in the University of Georgia's pharmacy curriculum is described. Specific discussion topics include pregnancy, obstetrics analgesic, drugs in breast milk, endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Course objectives and a course outline are appended. (Author/MLW)

To improve consistency of approach and faculty efficiency while still maintaining the activity of faculty members at remote sites, a "minicourse" at rotating sites was devised for medical students at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. (MLW)

The development, operating principles, and users' evaluations of a broad based gynecologic program emphasizing effective birth control on a university campus are discussed. A major feature explored is the use of nurse practitioners as the primary service providers. (JMF)

A study of rotating interns' images of medical practitioners focuses on what images the interns have of obstetrician-gynecologists, pediatricians, internists, psychiatrists, and surgeons, and seeks to determine whether these images differ according to choice of specialty for postgraduate work. (JMD)

Research is reported on the use of ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel for contraception after intercourse. This treatment is offered as an alternative to high doses of estrogen and appears to be successful in preventing unwanted pregnancies. (JMF)

Over the past eight years the obstetric and gynecology specialty has applied a system model of instructional planning to the continuum of medical education. The systems model of needs identification, preassessment, instructional objectives, instructional materials, learning experiences; and evaluation techniques directly related to objectives was utilized. (MLW)

The use of a special cadaver is discussed that could be used during the first-year gross anatomy course to supplement the usual dissection of pelvic viscera. Pelvic anatomy is emphasized from the perineal approach as used in a typical pelvic exam. (MLW)

The teaching of the pelvic examination is seen as having undergone a dramatic change since the introduction of trained professional patient-instructors. The results of a study using two groups, the professional patient-instructor method in one group and a control group using gynecologists and clinic patients, is presented. (MLW)

It is the health educator's responsibility to provide the consumer with information about toxic shock syndrome (TSS). An educational program should be developed which would encompass four areas: a description of TSS, an outline of theorized causes, a discussion of tampon health risks, and mechanisms for consumer action. (JN)

School health professionals can help reduce the incidence of Toxic Shock Syndrome by suggesting that women not use tampons continuously during menses and that tampons should not be left in place for long periods of time. Tampons should be changed every few hours and used intermittently with pads. (JN)

The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine has devised an evaluation system that not only provides the advantages of oral examination but also attempts to alleviate some of its disadvantages. The system uses oral examination to assess students' content knowledge. (MLW)

Students were taught pelvic examination methods either by use of an inanimate model or use of the model and examination of volunteer gynecological teaching associates (GTAs). Students in the latter group were superior in communication and manual skills, and scored better on recognizing deviant pelvic anatomy. (MSE)

A study showed that although female medical students had slightly lower National Board examination scores on part one and lower grade point averages, they performed significantly better in the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship. Possible factors include women students' interest in women's health care and female representation on the house staff. (MSE)

The effectiveness of using gynecology teaching associates is compared with training by gynecology residents on clinic patients for teaching the gynecologic examination. Sophomore medical students at the University of Iowa participated in the instruction and an evaluation session with a simulated patient trained to rate the students' examination skills. (MLW)

The Cytology Service at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Center for Health Sciences has examined about 4000 pap smears (each year) from the UCLA Student Health Service between 1973-1978. An apparently significant increase in abnormal pap smears in young college-age women is reported. (Authors/CJ)

An effective evaluation of the acutely ill female implies a thorough examination that integrates skills representing three learning domains. This process should include: a thorough medical history, a physical examination, good patient-physician rapport, and development of an efficacious management plan. A University of Iowa simulation approach is described. (MLW)

The journal club format offers the resident a unique opportunity to develop specific skills in reading, comprehending, and evaluating medical literature. A course designed for residents in obstetrics and gynecology at the Letterman Army Medical Center and at the University of Cincinnati is described. (MLW)

The first of eight articles discusses the current state of the sensitive but unclassified information controversy. A series of six articles then explores the use of integrated information systems in the area of health services. Current trends in document management are provided in the last article. (CLB)

Women's gynecological health care needs are being partially met. Improvements that would increase patient involvement should be made. University and college health services can facilitate the planning, implementation, and evaluation of an effective gynecological care program. (CJ)

This preliminary report on small numbers of cervical cap users in a university health service illustrates the demand for an alternative contraceptive choice. Student interest and demand spurred the effort to obtain information about availability, effectiveness, and correct method of use. (JN)

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery requires significant training, and prior studies have shown that surgical residents lack key laparoscopic skills. Many educators have implemented simulation curricula to improve laparoscopic training. Given limited time for dedicated, in-person simulation center practice, at-home training has emerged as a possible mechanism by which to expand training and promote practice. There remains a gap in published at-home laparoscopic curricula employing embedded feedback mechanisms. METHODS: We developed a nine-task at-home laparoscopic curriculum and an end-of-curriculum assessment following Kerns six-step approach. We implemented the curriculum over 4 months with first- to third-year residents. RESULTS: Of 47 invited residents from general surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, and urology, 37 (79%) participated in the at-home curriculum, and 25 (53%) participated in the end-of-curriculum assessment. Residents who participated in the at-home curriculum completed a median of six of nine tasks (interquartile range: 3-8). Twenty-two residents (47%) responded to a postcurriculum survey. Of these, 19 (86%) reported that their laparoscopic skills improved through completion of the curriculum, and the same 19 (86%) felt that the curriculum should be continued for future residents. Residents who completed more at-home curriculum tasks scored higher on the end-of-curriculum assessment (p = .009 with adjusted R 2 of .28) and performed assessment tasks in less time (p = .004 with adjusted R 2 of .28). DISCUSSION: This learner-centered laparoscopic curriculum provides guiding examples, spaced practice, feedback, and graduated skill development to enable junior residents to improve their laparoscopic skills in a low-stakes, at-home environment.

BackgroundDuring the COVID pandemic, residency program's social media presence increased to aid in residency recruitment by attempting to increase engagement and readily available information for applicants across specialties. However, little information exists on what characteristics and content on obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residency program accounts attract more followers or engagement.ObjectivesTo identify social media trends in OBGYN residencies and determine which aspects of programs influence the number of followers and interaction with content posted.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of ACGME accredited OBGYN programs and determined their presence on Instagram and X in the fall of 2021. Content from the thirty programs with the most followers was analyzed independently by two authors. Multivariate analysis and a linear mixed model were used to characterize and evaluate content on Instagram and X.ResultsMost programs utilized Instagram (88.5%, N = 262/296) and were managed solely by residents (84.4%, N = 108/128). Number of followers on Instagram positively correlated with features such as program size, Instagram profile duration, and Doximity rankings (p < 0.0x01). Programs on X had more followers if their profile had a longer duration, followed more individuals, or were ranked higher on Doximity. The most posted Instagram content was biographical and social in nature. Instagram posts with the highest engagement were awards and/or the Match.ConclusionsUnderstanding what social media content attracts more followers and increases engagement is crucial as it likely impacts OBGYN resident recruitment. Professional groups should establish guidelines for social media use in recruitment for the protection of both residents and applicants.

Objective Methods Results Conclusion To evaluate the role of clinical exchange programs in postgraduate obgyn training using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)–World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG) One World Exchange (OWE), a clinical exchange program held in France in October 2023, as a case‐study.This was a cross‐sectional study. A 31‐item structured questionnaire designed with Google Forms was electronically distributed to the 51 obgyn postgraduate trainees (OWE fellows) who participated in the OWE, to collect information about the exchange. Collected data was analyzed using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Statistics for Windows.The survey response rate was 68.6%. The mean age of the respondents was 33.0 ± 4.0 years. Majority of the them were females (26, 74.3%), married (19, 54.3%), at least in their third year of training (30, 85.7%) and from Africa (11, 31.4%). During the period of the exchange program, fellows observed various obstetric and gynecologic procedures, including open and minimal access procedures, with more than one‐fifth (8, 22.9%) of them reporting that they were allowed to assist in some of these procedures. The fellows noted salient differences in practice between their exchange hospitals and their home countries. An overwhelming majority (30, 85.7%) of the fellows believed the OWE was beneficial and would positively impact their clinical practices back in their home countries.Clinical exchange programs like the OWE provide valuable benefits in improving the clinical knowledge and skills of postgraduate obgyn trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynecologic cancers remain a frequent and deadly diagnosis. Historically, treatment has focused on a “one size fits all” approach, but there is an urgent need for more personal medicine. Hence, to enhance personal medicine, new biomarkers are needed. Samples from the Danish Cancer Biobank (DCB) may be well‐suited for biomarker studies, as the biobank contains samples from more than 100.000 cancer patients, and the samples are annotated with pre‐analytical variables. The aim of this study was to investigate if the recorded pre‐analytical variables indicate the gynecologic tissue in DCB are suited for biomarker studies. Data on processing time, transport time, and registration‐ and verification status were extracted from all patients with a gynecologic tissue sample collected between 2020 and 2022 in DCB. The mean processing time across centers was found to be 1.03 h (SD = 0.71), and the mean transport time was found to be 0.32 h (SD = 0.70). In total, 69% of the tissue samples were pathologically examined, and 91.5% of the pathologically examined samples were found to be concordant with the patient's final diagnosis. While differences were observed, 98% of the samples were processed within 3 h, indicating the majority of gynecologic tissue samples in DCB are of high quality and optimal for biomarker studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical malpractice is a significant global issue affecting various aspects of healthcare, including ethical, legal, and managerial perspectives. Defensive medicine, where physicians engage in excessive practices to avoid malpractice lawsuits, is prevalent. In Turkey, the impact of malpractice fears on obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYNs) has not been extensively studied. This study aims to investigate the frequency of medical malpractice lawsuits, defensive medicine practices, the prevalence of medical malpractice stress syndrome (MMSS), and potential preventive measures among OB/GYNs in Turkey. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 212 OB/GYNs in Turkey, following ethical approval. Participants completed a questionnaire on their experiences with malpractice, defensive practices, and MMSS. The survey included sociodemographic questions, standardized scales for defensive medicine practices, and MMSS‐related questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 with a 95% confidence level. Results: The majority of participants were experienced professionals aged 30–39, predominantly female, and working in the public sector with limited subspecialty training. Defensive medicine was widespread, with 95.5% of participants engaging in such practices, and 79.2% reported altering their practice due to malpractice fears. Older age, female gender, extensive experience, private sector employment, and specific subspecialties were associated with higher defensive practices and MMSS. Conclusion: Defensive medicine is common among Turkish OB/GYNs, driven by malpractice fears. The study highlights the need for improved support systems, better legal protections, and educational interventions to address defensive practices and reduce malpractice‐related stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the growing population of pancreas transplant recipients followed long‐term, some female recipients are going to require surgical intervention for gynecologic symptoms and pathologies. Currently, there is a lack of literature describing how to approach this population and whether pelvic gynecologic procedures (GYN) can be performed safely given the proximity of the pancreatic (and possibly renal) allograft. In this single‐center retrospective analysis, all pancreas transplant recipients that subsequently underwent GYN were reviewed. Methods: Subjects were identified by cross‐referencing all pancreas transplants performed between January 2003 and December 2022 for any subsequent GYN. Demographics at transplant and GYN, indications and procedure performed, operative time, presence and involvement of a transplant surgeon, complications length of stay, and readmissions were reviewed. Results: Seventeen patients who underwent a total of 19 GYN after pancreas transplantation were identified. Operations performed included tubal ligation (n = 2), total abdominal hysterectomy with (n = 6) or without bilateral salpingectomy (n = 2), oophorectomy versus cyst drainage (n = 2), bilateral oophorectomy (n = 1), and unilateral (n = 4) versus bilateral (n = 2) salpingectomy. Four were performed through an open laparotomy and 15 were performed laparoscopically. In 11 cases, a transplant surgeon was involved intra‐operatively. Eight of the 17 patients developed post‐operative complications including post‐operative fevers, fluid overload, neutropenia, elevated creatinine (n = 2), nephrolithiasis, urinary tract infection, and incisional hernia. Five required readmission. Conclusion: GYN can be performed safely following pancreas transplantation, but careful planning and the involvement of the transplant surgery team are advised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the mental health and quality of life (QOL) in gynaecological cancer patients, and to identify key risk factors for improved management. In addition, during a period of reduced impact of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, we sought to examine its current impact on mental health and QOL. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 175 gynaecological cancer patients. The survey assessed QOL (The World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref, anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). Multivariable linear regression was used for analysis. Being diagnosed in the last one year was associated with higher HADS depression score (p < 0.001) and recurrence was associated with both higher HADS anxiety and depression scores (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001). Age ≤60 years old was a significant negative predictor for psychological health (p = 0.002) and overall QOL (p = 0.017). Complications during surgery were identified as a significant negative predictor affecting psychological health (p = 0.018), but did not affect the other domains. Disease recurrence was observed to significantly influence QOL scores in physical health (p = 0.014) and overall QOL (p < 0.001). This study highlights that recurrence has a significant impact on mental health and QOL of gynaecological cancer patients. Patients diagnosed within last year should be carefully assessed for risk of depression. Younger patients and those with surgical complications may experience reduced QOL. Importantly, COVID-19 showed no apparent negative impact on the mental health or QOL in these patients, which is no longer considered a significant contributor to adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most frequent benign gynecological tumor in women who are fertile, uterine myoma significantly lowers quality of life. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS) play a role in the development of numerous disease states, including gynecological disorders. In order to determine the ERS and OS levels activated in women with uterine myoma, we sought to measure Total Oxidant Status (TOS) level, Glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, and protein levels. A total of 40 women with uterine myomas and 40 healthy women were included in the study. Serum levels of TOS, GRP78, CHOP, and protein levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated molecules GRP78 and CHOP. The TOS levels, GRP78 and CHOP protein levels were significantly higher in women with myomas than in the controls, with values of p = 0.009, p = 0.001, and p = 0.0001, respectively. GRP78 and CHOP expression increased in women with myomas and were significantly higher than the control group used (p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that GRP78 and CHOP are promising biomarkers for uterine myomas (area under the curve (AUC): 0.953, AUC: 0.969, p < 0.001, respectively). Oxidative and ERS may play a vital role in the pathophysiology of the disease due to the increased levels of oxidative and ERS markers in women with uterine myomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gynecological primary care is a public health issue, however, there is no French data on the transmasculine population, despite identified needs and a low coverage rate described in the international literature. The objective was to analyze the access of the French transmasculine population to gynecological primary care. Methods: The study "Trans men and Transmasculine non-binary individuals use and access to prevention and sexual health care 2022" is a non-interventional, self-administrated, anonymous online study targeting transmasculine adults living in France. Participants were recruited via social networks, LGBTQIA + associations, the FPATH and a caregivers network Results: A total of 622 surveys were included, the participants were mostly young (mean age: 25 years old), single (77%), students (40%), owners or tenants (73%) and living in large cities (47%). Among them, 77% had a cross-sex hormonal therapy, 41% underwent a torsoplasty and 6% a pelvic surgery. Only 26% of the participants had an up-to-date follow-up, while 40% never had access to a gynecological consultation. Only a quarter (26%) of the 25–65 years old population, targeted by secondary prevention for cervical cancer, had at least one cervical test in their lifetime. Moreover, regarding feedbacks about gynecological follow-up, they expressed its pertinence but also reported a low comfort level. Conclusions: This study highlighted the low access to gynecological primary care of a young transmasculine population in France. There is an urgent need of follow-up within this population, by increasing the education of health professionals and developing prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim • To explore the influence of online and offline mixed teaching modes based on TPACK on theoretical knowledge and comprehensive ability of tumor gynecology postgraduates. Methods • In this study, a prospective randomized controlled study model was used to select 60 masters of oncology and gynecology who were interned in the Affiliated Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from September 2019 to April 2022 as the research objects. They were divided into a study group and a control group by random number table, with 30 cases in each group. The control group adopted the traditional teaching mode, while the study group adopted the mixed online and offline teaching mode based on TPACK to implement the teaching. The knowledge mastery, problem analysis ability and total ability of the two groups were compared before and after the practice. Results • After the practice, the scores of theoretical knowledge, clinical operation skills and case analysis ability of both groups were improved compared with those before the practice, and the scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P < .05). After practice, the scores of problem analysis and clinical work competence in both groups were significantly higher than those before practice, and the study group was higher than the control group (P < .05). After practice, the scores of professional technical knowledge, doctor-patient communication ability, clinical operation skill, disease observation ability and clinical first-aid ability of both groups were improved compared with those before practice, and the scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P < .05). Conclusion • In clinical teaching, the online and offline mixed teaching mode based on TPACK has obvious effects on improving the theoretical and clinical operation level of tumor gynecology postgraduates and the total ability of medical staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester. Using an untargeted metabolomic approach, we sought to identify putative plasma biomarkers using tandem liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for the detection of tubal EP. This case-control study included the prospective recruitment of 50 tubal EP cases and 50 early intrauterine pregnancy controls. To avoid over-fitting, logistic regression models were developed in a randomly selected discovery group (30 cases vs. 30 controls) and validated in the test group (20 cases vs. 20 controls). In total, 585 mass spectral features were detected, of which 221 molecular features were significantly altered in EP plasma (p < 0.05). Molecular networking and metabolite identification was employed using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) database, which identified 97 metabolites at a high confidence level. Top significant metabolites include subclasses of sphingolipids, carnitines, glycerophosphocholines, and tryptophan metabolism. The top regression model, consisting of D-erythro-sphingosine and oleoyl-carnitine, was validated in a test group and achieved an area under receiving operating curve (AUC) (95% CI) = 0.962 (0.910–1) with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95.9%. Metabolite alterations indicate alterations related to inflammation and abnormal placentation in EP. The validation of these metabolite biomarkers in the future could potentially result in improved early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Established in 2002, the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) has presented improved clinical outcomes based on multi-center clinical trials. To date, KGOG has approved 156 studies and published 68 KGOG-led studies. The organization aims to advance gynecologic cancer research through sustained efforts and international collaboration. The Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) was established in 2002 and is the only organization in Korea conducting multi-center clinical trials for gynecologic cancers. Since its re-establishment as a non-profit organization in 2021, KGOG has grown significantly, now including 207 gynecologic oncology specialists from 76 hospitals. This growth is a testament to the dedication and hard work of all those involved in the organization. KGOG is committed to maximizing the activation of multi-center clinical research through policies that support patients with rare diseases and gynecologic cancer research, focusing on strengthening institutional capacity, equalizing participation opportunities, and enhancing information sharing. A significant milestone for KGOG was becoming a member of the US Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) in 2005, allowing participation in GOG clinical trials. KGOG later joined the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) and strengthened its capabilities by hosting the first Endometrial Cancer Consensus Conference—Clinical Research (ECCC-CR) in 2023. KGOG holds biannual meetings and symposia, as well as 224 operating committee meetings annually to review the discussions of the Tumor Site Committee. KGOG has conducted 156 investigator-initiated trial (IIT) or sponsor-initiated trial (SIT) studies as KGOG-led or participated in research. Currently, 18 studies are registered, and 10 are in preparation. To date, 68 papers have been published. KGOG conducts six national projects and collaborates with external organizations such as the NRG Oncology Foundation, Gynecologic Oncology Group Partners (GOG-P), GCIG, East Asian Gynecologic Oncology Trial group (EAGOT), and the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG). Through collaboration with renowned international research institutions, KGOG has significantly expanded the scope of its research, achieving noteworthy clinical outcomes. This report not only introduces the history and recent status of KGOG but also presents the exciting future direction of the organization, filled with potential breakthroughs and advancements in gynecologic oncology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the appropriateness of hysterectomies performed at a large tertiary health system using the 1997 RAND appropriateness classification system and an updated algorithm. Design: We abstracted structured and unstructured data from electronic medical records on patient demographics, primary indication(s) for hysterectomy, diagnosis codes associated with the hysterectomy, previous treatments, and laboratory results. Subjects: Patients aged 18–44 years. Exposure: Receipt of hysterectomy for benign and nonobstetric conditions from October 2014 to December 2017. Main Outcome Measures: Using these data, we provided a RAND-based (dichotomous: inappropriate/appropriate) and Wright-based (3-level: inappropriate/ambiguous/appropriate) appropriateness rating and characterized missing information patterns associated with inappropriate ratings. Results: We analyzed 1,829 hysterectomies across 30 nonmutually exclusive primary indications for surgery. Nearly a third (32.8%) of surgeries had only one primary indication for surgery. Using the RAND-based classifier, 31.3% of hysterectomies were rated as appropriate and 68.7% as inappropriate. Using the Wright-based algorithm, 58.1% of hysterectomies were rated as appropriate, 15.7% as ambiguous, and 26.2% as inappropriate. Missing information on diagnostic procedures was the most common characteristic related to both RAND-based (46.1%) and Wright-based (51.2%) inappropriate ratings. Conclusions: The 1997 RAND classification lacked guidance for several contemporary indications, including gender-affirming care. RAND also has an outdated requirement for diagnostic surgeries such as laparoscopies, which have decreased in practice as diagnostic imaging has improved. Sensitivity analyses suggest that inappropriate surgeries cannot all be attributed to bias from missing electronic medical record data. Accurately documenting care delivery for benign gynecological conditions is key to ensuring quality and equity in gynecological care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Our research aims to shed light on the connection between histopathological differences that affect the prognosis of endometrial cancer and Doppler indices measured in the uterine arteries. Methods: Seventy‐four women with a confirmed diagnosis of endometrial cancer participated in this prospective study. The flow characteristics of the bilateral uterine arteries were evaluated and recorded using color Doppler sonography. After hysterectomy, a correlation analysis was performed between these factors and histological findings. Results: Patients who complained of menometrorrhagia had significantly higher uterine artery peak systolic flow (p = 0.020) than those who had postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma was the most common type (71.4%). Doppler pulsatility index and resistance index in the uterine arteries didn't show statistically significant differences between histologic subtypes, tumor grade, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node involvement, malignant peritoneal cytology, genetic mutation, or extrauterine involvement. Those without cervical involvement had higher uterine artery Doppler peak systolic flow/end diastolic flow (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Endometrial cancer made uterine artery, myometrium and endometrium less resistant to blood flow. However, these blood flow indices have not been standardized enough to be utilized as diagnostic tests just yet. Standardization based on more advanced studies would make it possible to use ultrasonography for non‐invasive diagnosis and would accelerate and facilitate clinical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Bullying is common in medical specialist training in Australia. To understand bullying rates across medical specialist training programs, we analyse the recent Medical Training Survey, administered by the Medical Board of Australia to all registered medical practitioners. Methods: Medical Training Survey data were extracted and averaged from 2020 to 2023. Results: Many speciality trainees reported personally experiencing or witnessing bullying. This was lowest in general practice (13% personally experienced and 15% witnessed) and highest in obstetrics and gynaecology (27% and 41%). The highest rate of bullying by supervisors was in surgery: 60% of surgical trainees stated that when they were bullied it was by their supervisor. Within psychiatry, 22% of trainees had personally experienced bullying and 32% of trainees had witnessed bullying. When they were bullied, the perpetrator was less commonly a supervisor (40%). In all specialities, there was a very low percentage of bullying which was reported, and was identified as having a satisfactory outcome: the most satisfactory outcomes (13%) were in general practice. Conclusion: Current rates of bullying for medical specialist trainees, the reluctance to report, as well as the lack of satisfactory outcomes, is of grave concern for Australian healthcare. This requires urgent attention at a systems level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The emergence of handheld ultrasound devices capable of connecting to cell phones or tablets heralds a significant advancement in medical technology, particularly within the field of obstetrics. These devices offer the promise of immediate bedside ultrasound examinations, potentially revolutionizing patient care by enabling fetal assessments in diverse settings. Material and Methods: This prospective study aimed to validate the reliability of non‐piezo, chip‐based handheld ultrasound devices in clinical obstetric practice. Conducted in a university hospital obstetric ward, the study included 100 pregnant women between 17 and 41 weeks of gestation. Participants underwent ultrasound examinations using both conventional and portable point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) devices to compare the accuracy in estimating fetal weight and other parameters, such as cardiac activity, fetal presentation, placental location, and amniotic fluid volume. The reliability and agreement between the devices were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman plots, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The results show a near‐perfect agreement (0.98) and correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) for estimated fetal weight and most biometry measurements between the two types of ultrasound devices, with slight deviations in head circumference and amniotic fluid index measurements. Subgroup analysis revealed variations in agreement and correlation rates with higher BMI and advanced gestational age, indicating areas for further refinement. Conclusions: These findings affirm the high reliability of handheld ultrasound devices for basic obstetric ultrasound evaluations, supporting their integration into daily clinical practice. This technology improves the flexibility and immediacy of prenatal care, although further research is needed to optimize its application across patient populations and treatment settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Global variations in women's health outcomes, increased international migration, and an increase in the number of medical schools underpin the need for global standardization in obstetrics and gynecology curricula for medical students. However, there are currently no recommendations regarding the content of a common curriculum. The aim of this project was to agree the objectives for a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally. Methods: The curriculum was developed and agreed by an international taskforce of obstetricians and gynecologists. Published curricula for medical students in a variety of regions globally were reviewed and discussed, and the objectives for a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students were agreed by consensus. Results: The content of the proposed curriculum is classified into three domains: clinical skills, professional behaviors, and knowledge. The recommended curriculum covers health conditions that affect women globally in different social and cultural contexts, and addresses important global health issues of relevance to obstetrics and gynecology. Conclusion: The methods and outcomes of a project by an international taskforce of obstetricians and gynecologists to develop a common curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally are presented. More work is required to identify ways in which the curriculum may be adapted to a minimum essential required curriculum in times of man‐made or natural disasters. Achieving these will facilitate the intended long‐term aims of this curriculum, to improve women's health outcomes globally. Synopsis: This article describes the methods and outcomes of a project by an international taskforce to develop a common curriculum in O&G for medical students globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisgender women and transgender men are less likely to be assessed for PrEP eligibility, prescribed PrEP, or retained in PrEP care. Thus, this pilot PrEP educational intervention was tailored for healthcare providers (HCPs) in obstetrics/gynecology who provide care to cisgender women and transgender men in an academically-affiliated, public hospital women's health clinic. The three-lecture educational curriculum designed for HCPs focused on PrEP eligibility and counseling, formulations and adherence, and prescription and payment assistance programs. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed HCP knowledge and barriers to PrEP counseling and prescription. Among n = 49 participants (mean age = 32.8 years; 85.7% cisgender women, mean years practicing = 4.2 years) pre-intervention, 8.7% had prior PrEP training and 61.2% felt very/somewhat uncomfortable prescribing PrEP. Post-intervention, knowledge of PrEP contraindications, eligibility, follow-up care, and assistance programs all increased. HCPs identified key barriers to PrEP care including lack of a dedicated PrEP navigator, culturally and linguistically appropriate patient materials on PrEP resources/costs, and PrEP-related content integrated into EHRs. Ongoing PrEP educational sessions can provide opportunities to practice PrEP counseling, including information on financial assistance. At the institutional level, incorporating PrEP screening in routine clinical practice via EMR prompts, facilitating PrEP medication monitoring, and enhancing telehealth for follow-up care could enhance PrEP prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]