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It has long been known that OE mann was used in gender-neutral as well as gender-specific contexts. Because of the enormous volume of its attestations in Old English prose, the more precise usage patterns of mann remain, however, largely uncharted, and existing lexicographical tools provide only a basic picture. This article aims to present a preliminary study of the various uses of mann as attested in Old English prose, particularly in its surprisingly consistent use by an individual author, namely that of the ninth-century Old English Martyrology. Patterns emerging from this text are then tested against other prose material. Particular attention is paid to gender-specific usage, examples of which are shown to be exceptional for a word which largely occurs in gender-neutral contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2006 to 2008 UK-based primary school teachers in theNo Outsidersproject explored possibilities for addressing sexualities equality in their classrooms. What all teachers had in common was a resource pack that included 27 children's books exploring themes of gender and sexuality diversity either directly or indirectly (i.e. by the presence of same-sex parents or gender non-normative characters). While such books have the potential to productively trouble the heteronormative spaces of schools by the mere presence of characters who do not conform to sex/gender/sexuality expectations, some of them have also been criticized for reproducing heteronormative family structures and implicit values and failing to go beyond ‘vanilla strategies’ that feel safe in primary school settings. The experiences and reflections of theNo Outsidersproject members can help educators plan not only which kinds of literature to use but also how to incorporate such texts into the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the dispute between gender and social classes in the representation of sexual harassment in novels by Elizabeth Gaskell and Eliza Lynn Linton.

The article analyzes the representation of gender in the Newgate Novel focusing on the novels "Eugene Aram" by Edward Bulwer-Lytton and "Rookwood" and "Jack Sheppard" by William Harrison Ainsworth.

This study investigates the startling yet often hidden connection between maternity and writing in Scott's novels. Within the context of problematised or absent depictions of maternity, and fraught anxieties surrounding the authority of and the ability to narrate narratives textually, this article explores how the connection between these two discourses raises further tensions. The article opens by drawing from scholarly work on the role of writing and orality, and the presentation of maternity and gender, to explore how the two are connected. By developing current scholarship in this area, and by offering close textual readings of Waverley, Guy Mannering and The Monastery, this article concludes that whilst orality may be connected to females more generally, writing is the domain of women who fulfil Romantic ideologies of maternity. The article then proceeds to argue that the relationship between maternity and writing raises further anxieties about the position of textual narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lyn Hejinian's My Lifeand Bernadette Mayer's Midwinter Dayboth articulate a domestic quotidian devoted to what Rita Felski in Doing Timecalls 'the repetitive tasks of social reproduction.' Mindful of the over-determined relationship between gender and the everyday, Hejinian and Mayer use the long poem to convey the elusive quotidian while engaging with its gendered associations. The exhaustive inclusions of Mayer's 'day' and the unexpected selections and juxtapositions of Hejinian's 'life' both use metonymy to represent a subversive poetics of the detail. Specifically, Hejinian reverses background and foreground, repeats phrases with shifting emphasis as analogue for the habits of everyday life, and defamiliarizes metonymic selection to render it visible. Mayer, in contrast, tests the long poem's capacity for radical inclusiveness and traces metonymic connections between daily routines and larger social issues. Ultimately, My Lifeand Midwinter Dayboth assert the co-existence and indeed the interconnectedness of intellectual inquiry and the domestic work of cooking, cleaning, and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the representations of nation, gender and modernity in Carolina Coronado's travel narrative "Un paseo desde el Tajo al Rhin, descansando en el Palacio de Cristal." Topics discussed include Coronado's contrasting representations of France and Spain, France's lack of spirituality against the integrity of Spain, and the role of women in society.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the expresion of gender and identity on narrative strategies, the consequences of colonization in Italy and Africa, and the neocolonial relations between Zimbabwe and Great Britain.

Maeve Brennan's mid-twentieth century stories set in a wealthy village in New York are often read as critiques of prejudice against Irish-American maids. However, in 'The Anachronism' (1954), Maeve Brennan suggests that class, even more than nationality, is central to women's identity in the United States during the 1950s. In this story, Brennan revises stereotypes of class and nationality regarding Irish and English immigrants. Betty, a maid from England, and Mrs. Conroy, an Irish-American widow, forge bonds based on class despite their expected enmity based on nationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article critiques the play "Waiting for Godot" by author Samuel Beckett, focusing on character relationships and the concept of gender and power in the play.

In this article, I claim that Shakespeare moves beyond the archetypal early modern definitions of land, and the maps that represent it, as benefitting from masculine intervention and argue that he envisions unnecessary masculine interventions regarding the performativity of the feminine in terms of landscape and cartography to be harmful to both the perpetrator and object of the intervention. He acknowledges that there is a connection between how his male characters—specifically, fathers—define their nations and their daughters, but warns that demonstrating a lack of trust or understanding in the agency of women and attempting to overwrite them the way boundaries are changed on a map results in tragedy for all involved. I use Judith Butler’s concept of the performativity of gender to demonstrate that such masculine interventions often cannot differentiate between normative and subversive acts, which compounds the dangers of such interferences. Using both his early and later plays, specificallyTitus AndronicusandThe Tragedy of King Lear, I show that Shakespeare portrays the desire to treat women as territories or blank maps and to deny his female characters the ability to make their own choices as problematic and dangerous. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article responds to issue articles on post-World War II Sovietization. Topics include the Sovietization of Finnish Karelia, the roles of German occupation and Soviet re-invasion in Sovietization, and resettlement campaigns. The Sovietization of films and literature are addressed, as well as the role of gender in this process.

This study examines how young female Chinese fans negotiate gender, sexuality, and identity through their readings of Chinese boys' love (BL) fiction. BL fiction, or danmei in Chinese, is a romantic fiction genre featuring same-sex relationships between two men. I argue that BL fandom facilitates a gendered politics of looking that empowers female readers to turn a voyeuristic gaze upon men. This subversive gaze allows fans to play with patriarchal gender constructions, provides escapism, and creates aesthetics that offer an alternative to clichéd heterosexual romantic storytelling. Because of their shared interests and practices, a distinctive BL online subculture has formed. Within this subculture, fans also demonstrate a diverse, fluid, and individualistic identification with BL. BL fandom also shapes these young women's perceptions of same-sex love while disavowing their heterosexual privileges. Indeed, fans seem to appropriate the marginalized BL stories to express their own desires for idealized heterosexual relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the political discourses on chivalry and gender inLibro del Caballero Zifarand provides textual evidence in support of the theory that María de Molina was an original patron of this anonymous work from the cathedral school of Toledo. Using the portrait of the queen in the prologue as a point of departure, this study explores the intertextuality ofLibro del Caballero Zifarand contemporary royal chronicles, elucidating the manner in which the political discourse of the former supports the political propaganda of the latter, ultimately creating a legitimizing discourse for María de Molina's rule as queen of Castile-León at the turn of the fourteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the gender dynamics in Franz Grillparzer's drama Die Jüdin von Toledo. Comparing this drama with Grillparzer's analysis of gender in Shakespeare's Macbeth, I argue that Die Jüdin von Toledo demonstrates the author's ability to conceive of gender in a complex manner, a trait which is absent from much of his private writing. Furthermore, on the basis of the dichotomy of male action and female intent which Grillparzer sees in Macbeth, I analyse Eleonore's agency in the drama, and ask whether it is possible that Grillparzer subverts the supposed gendered dichotomy by having this female character play an active role in the murder of Rahel, her rival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article critiques the themes of gender and violence in the medieval Icelandic saga "Gísla saga Súrssonar" and how the themes contribute to the structure of enigma in the saga. Topics include the mythic analogue to the events surrounding the saga's murder mystery, the gender view enunciated in the saga and the assertiveness of the female characters.

Copyright of German Life & Letters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents an interview with Caribbean-American author Opal Palmer Adisa. She comments on the presence of race, gender, and oppression in many of her works and describes the difficulties of being a woman in the literary world. She also discusses her relationship with Rastafarianism, a spiritual belief grounded in Christianity practiced throughout the Caribbean, particularly in Jamaica.

Background: mHealth has become a valuable tool for providing health care services in developing countries. Despite the potential benefits of mHealth, its adoption remains a very challenge in developing countries like Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the adoption of mHealth services in Bangladesh using Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).Methods: Data were collected from over 250 respondents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method, a statistical analysis technique based on the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).Results: The study found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and subjective norm (p < 0.05) had significant positive impact on the intention to adopt mHealth services. Surprisingly, the effects of personal innovativeness in IT (p > 0.05) on mHealth adoption were insignificant. This study also revealed that gender was strongly associated with the adoption and use of mHealth in developing countries.Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used by government, policy makers, and mobile phone Company to maximize the acceptance of mHealth services in Bangladesh. The paper concludes with a discussion of research results and draws several implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dorothy L. Sayers created in her fictional character Lord Peter Wimsey a "contrasexual" figure in her own imagination, with whom she carried on an extended dialogue over many years. C.G. Jung's concept of the contrasexual archetype, the anima (in men) or the animus (in women), can provide a very useful tool for investigating the presence of this transgendered voice within the self. Specifically in relation to Sayers and her Wimsey, Jung's theory can uncover the successful conversion of a potentially "bad animus" into a positive one, or, in other words, Sayers's successful creation in herself of her own "masculine" voice to replace the harmful voice of the patriarchy. Not unlike Hélène Cixous's concept of the "other bisexuality," the contrasexual element in Sayers provides a model too for her readers to "speak woman" in a full or rounded way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I examine how the image of the black woman from the countryside who moves to Luanda was developed at three key moments in Angolan literature as a means of constructing national identity. I focus on three prose works: Alfredo Troni's Nga Mutúri (1882); António Cardoso's short story "Linda," from A Casa da Mãezinha (1980); and Fragata de Morais's short story "Martinha," from Momento de Ilusão (2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the theme of gender, sexuality, and information by considering how libraries might offer readers' advisory services to young readers in socially just ways. Readers' advisory is a service found in public and school libraries. In readers' advisory, librarians recommend materials to library visitors who are often young readers. Though libraries are commonly perceived as neutral, apolitical institutions, this article shows how readers' advisory in libraries is a site of struggle and contestation for young readers in terms of their gender identity and sexuality. Drawing from the works of Nikolas Rose and Michel Foucault, the authors show how readers' advisory is a technique of self-assembly where young readers negotiate their self-identities amid surrounding library discourses. The authors provide several reasons why readers' advisory approaches, as they are presented in professional library literature, are problematic. As an alternative conceptualization of readers' advisory, this article then proposes what is dubbed a disjunctional approach. The authors explain what this approach is, provide concrete examples of how it might be adopted, and suggest avenues for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recognition of a spectrum of gendered and sexed people, along with changing social conventions, has caused disruption in the absolute and binary divisions between male and female, man and woman. Gender and sex are formally classified for many purposes; however, formal classifications can marginalize people with variable sex or those who do not identify with traditional understandings of gender. However, the instability is not a recent development, as demonstrated by historically changing conceptualizations of sex and gender in bibliographic classification as well as in competing and interacting formal discourses. A discourse analysis was conducted on the concepts of women, trans, and intersex people in four editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification system as well as on relevant American legal discourse to investigate how institutionally endorsed epistemology and ontology work together to influence how concepts are defined and classified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including issues of racial segregation among librarians, concept of academic librarianship and trends of gender and sex in literature.

This article explores the link between nationalism, as expressed by the Burman state and ethnic and student opposition movements, and the emergence of a multiethnic women's movement engaged in resistance activities. In focusing on women's involvement in oppositional nation-making projects, this article aims to broaden our understanding of gender and conflict by highlighting women's agency in war. Drawing on interviews carried out with founding members of the women's movement, non-state armed groups and others active in civil society, the article investigates how a gendered political consciousness arose out of dissatisfaction with women's secondary position in armed opposition groups, leading to women forming a movement, not in opposition to conflict per se but in opposition to the rejection of their militarism, in the process redefining notions of political involvement and agency. By invoking solidarity based on a gendered positioning, rather than on an ethnic identity, the women's movement resisted the dominant nation-making projects, and created a nationalism inclusive of multiethnic differences. Burmese women's multiple wartime roles thus serve to upset supposed dichotomies between militancy and peace and victim and combatant, in the process redefining the relationship between gender, nationalism and militancy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A literary criticism is provided of the book "De finibus bonorum et malorum," by Cicero, and the gendered circulation in the book. Topics discussed include the book examines the moral philosophies of various ancient schools, the important consideration to the gender of Roman lady Caerellia, and the potential to disturb the cultivation of Cicero for Latin philosophy.

The article reflects on the essay titled "Troubling the Boundaries: (De)Constructing WPA Identities at the Intersections of Race and Gender" and examined how the writing program administration (WPA) work broadens the roles of identity politics within the university writing programs.

Copyright of Journal of Northeastern University (Social Science) / Dongbei Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Dongbei Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines two English translations ofDon Segundo, a novel written by Ricardo Güiraldes. One of the so-called ‘telluric novels’ of Latin America, this work has been regarded as one of the masterpieces of the area.Don Segundo Sombrais the story of homodiegetic narrator, Fabio Cáceres, a well-educated man who narrates events that happened to him as an adolescent reaching manhood in the Argentinean Pampas. The text reflects a quintessential view of masculinity that is filled with individuals showing clear negative attitudes towards women, as well as an apparent male chauvinist point of view. The only two English translations of this work, by female translators Harriet de Onís and Patricia Owen Steiner, provide slightly but crucially different interpretations when translating this early twentieth century manly Argentine tale. The analysis conducted in this article is of a descriptive nature, and it intends to point out decisions made by the two translators in order to determine if a particular tendency can be detected. An analysis of the renditions of key passages will reveal differences in the translators’ perceptions of the gendered ideology embedded in the fictional men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on the use of identity, gender, and sexuality in the books within the category of fiction to generate reading interests of the people with various age groups. It expresses the views on the application of library for students with its varied collection of books, the impact of librarians on students life, and comparison of librarianship with the Society of the Sacred Heart's Janet Erskine Stuart.

A list of books and articles about author H. G. Wells is presented, that include "Liberation on Two Wheels: Class, Gender and the Bicycle in Literature," "H. G. Wells and the 21st Century" and "H. G. Well's Very Ordinary Brains."

This article surveys H.D.'s treatment of India in the 1940s, offering a reading of a neglected late modernist text, White Rose and the Red. A fictionalization of the Pre- Raphaelite movement, the novel is also a meditation on the intersection of gender and empire. Layering the violence of three historical periods—the Crusades, the Victorian era, and the 1940s—the novel maps the mangled, disintegrating body of Dante Rossetti's wife, Elizabeth Siddall, to lands ravaged and apportioned by European imperialist missions. A consideration of H.D.'s engagement with India exposes the difficulty of teasing out a coherent position on issues of nation, race, or imperialism by late modernists, and more case studies such as this one will undoubtedly enrich a sense of the literary period that, from a scholarly standpoint, is in its infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an oblique homage to Frantz Fanon, this article is a cultural historian’s reading of Doris Lessing’s famous 1950 novel,The Grass is Singing.I approach it as an engaging and sophisticated exploration of gendered racial whiteness, manifest in the settler colony of Southern Rhodesia towards the end of colonial rule. I suggest that central to Lessing’s novelistic project is a thinking through of how it might be possible to envisage ‘knowledge’ (truth) if it were to be freed from ‘race’. Arguably, the novel is a fictional embodiment of the thesis that the dismantling of racial whiteness provides the precondition for new thought to happen, both in an epistemological and ethical sense. Deliberately open-ended, and taking as its starting point Lessing’s narrative procedure in the opening pages, the article situates ‘knowledge’ in relation to the emotions and psychic life of characters. In opposition to the imperatives of instrumental reason,The Grass is Singingarguably champions an ethics of ‘principled unknowability’, in which the location of the unconscious is never far away, and the Manichaean certainties of colonial-era whiteness are revealed as pathologically overdetermined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses how the Shakespeare Association of America (SAA) addresses issues related to race. The "Early Modern Race/Ethnic/Diaspora Studies" at the 2015 SAA Conference is discussed. A number of literary works are mentioned including "Othello's Countrymen: The African in English Renaissance Drama" and "The Elizabethan Image of Africa," both by Sierra Leonean Eldren Durosimi Jones and Ania Loomba's "Gender, Race and Renaissance Drama."

A literary criticism of the novel "The House of Mirth" by Edith Wharton is presented. It examines the sexuality of the novel's main character Lily Bart, where the author argues that sexuality must one of the factors that is explored more thoroughly. It explores the ideas of cultural intelligibility and unintelligibility of American philosopher Judith Butler, as well as her theory of performativity.

Diamela Eltit (1949-). Chilean writer, cofounder, along with Raúl Zurita of the Colectivo Acciones de Arte (CADA, Art Actions Collective), Eltit broke into the literary scene in the 1970s. She became more widely known in the 1980s with the launch of her book of essays, Una milla de cruces sobre el pavimento (1980, A mile of crosses on the pavement). She has published numerous novels, some significant early titles including Lumpérica (1983), Por la Patria (1986), El cuarto mundo (1988) and Los vigilantes (1994). Among her more recent titles are Jamás el fuego nunca (2007), Impuesto a la carne (2010) y Fuerzas especiales (2013). She has earned many awards and distinctions, such as the José Donoso Prize in 2010 and the Altazor Prize in 2014 for her latest novel, Fuerzas especiales. She is also Distinguished Global Professor of creative writing in Spanish at New York University (NYU). This interview was conducted on May 2, 2014 while the writer was visiting Argentina as part of the "Dialogue of Latin American Writers," during the 40th International Book Fair in Buenos Aires. Before the meeting, Diamela Eltit kindly provided this interview over coffee at an old Palermo neighborhood hotel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay looks at the construction of a discourse about violence that privileges the imagination of girls in two post-revolutionary Mexican narrative texts: 'El general Rueda' (a chapter of Cartucho) by Nellie Campobello; and Elena Garro's 'Nuestras vidas son los ríos'. Inspired by photographs of the execution of General Alfredo Rueda in 1927, both narratives represent violence and death intimately and imaginatively, by emphasizing unconventional notions of space and time. In their respective works, Campobello and Garro rethink and rewrite traditional relationships between gender and violence, perception and memory or imagination, narration and silence. In so doing, their stories form parallel narratives that respond to those understood as promoting the notion of a collective post-revolutionary ideal by narrating acts of sanctioned violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the representation of silence, speech and gender in John Webster's 17th century play "The White Devil." Topics covered include the protagonist's exposure of male figures' hypocritical voices, the rejection by Webster of the hierarchical ideology of his time and the association of the deconstruction of gender stereotypes with theatrical performance. Also mentioned is the radical challenge generated by the play to hypocritical male voices.

A literary criticism of the 1795 novel "El engaño feliz" by Mariano Madramany y Calatayud is presented. A brief profile of Madramany is provided who published books to complement his career as a lawyer. The themes of the novel are examined as well as the emotions portrayed, honor, gender, and translation during the Enlightenment period in Spain.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Irish Studies is the property of Canadian Association for Irish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the past three decades, nationalism has been a topic of great interest among scholars in the field of Thai Studies. Most of these scholars have, however, neglected the issue of gender in their examination of Thai nationalism. This article addresses this oversight by examining Thawiphop (Two Worlds) and Khu kam (Sunset on the Chao Phraya), two of the most popular novels by Thommayanti. As a well known nationalist and self-proclaimed feminist, Thommayanti has united the topics of gender and nationalism in these two works by representing female protagonists who strive to play an active role in the nationalist effort. Close examination reveals, however, that the nationalism of both protagonists is based on the psychoanalytic structure of the family romance that ultimately leads to a subversion of their agency. Thus, despite Thommayanti's attempt to depict strong and independent women in her novels, her characters ultimately fall short of transcending their subordinate roles in the discourse of nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lo impenetrable (1984) is not the most remembered of Griselda Gambaro's novels, but it is fundamental when thinking about pace and concerns of certain contemporary Argentinian narrative. It proposes sexual and literary displacements or disorientations related to both sexual gender and literary genres. Through the bodily contact enabled by this displacement, lines of association, agency and exchange are created, destabilizing any possibility of fixed and normative identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many female Hispanic authors of the nineteenth century penned novels on practical topics that directly affected their households and children, such as education and religion. Later, some women writers also approached economic concerns surrounding modernity and industrialization in the new nations of Latin America. Teresa Gonzalez de Fanning (1836-1918), a Peruvian writer and activist who was a member of several intellectual circles in Lima (such as Juana Manuela Gonitis veladas literarias,), added her voice to the public debate surrounding womens financial security in her short novel Regina (1886). I argue that Gonzalez de Fanning's depiction of the downfall of an entire family due to the patriarch's illicit business dealings allows her to denounce Peruvian economic and political systems for their exclusion of women from many work, business, and investment opportunities. Consequently, Regina's mutilation by a machine that her husband owns graphically highlights the danger for defenseless women when they are subjected to their husbands' reckless financial mismanagement and limited in their access to education and job opportunities. The novel thus permits González de Fanning to insert her opinion into Peruvian economic policy discourses from which she would have otherwise been excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Stendhal's understanding of self-control and willpower (and their loss) through a close reading of De l'amour. Although recent criticism has tended to dismiss the author's scientific claims for the text, Stendhal addresses aspects of self- control also discussed in recent research in the cognitive and behavioural sciences. Bringing both these accounts and the cultural histories of emotion and gender into dialogue with Stendhal's text, the article identifies a key conceptual tension. Firstly, Stendhal asserts that passionate love is an almost entirely uncontrollable phenomenon. While this view draws on the ancient topos of 'love as illness', Stendhal also analyses issues such as self-deception, boredom, gambling, reverie, and temperament to help explain the limits of conscious volition in love. Secondly, he simultaneously suggests that love is impossible without self-control, for reasons related to the temporal dynamics of love and the honour ethic, although self-control has quite different cultural meanings for nineteenth- century male and female subjects. The article concludes that, for Stendhal, self-control is like a ladder without which love cannot develop but which must ultimately be discarded. The dialectic of control and the loss of control also highlights tensions between the honour ethic and the still influential code of sensibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines Timothy Porter's death in Patricia Highsmith's "The Black House" as a symptom of violated gender norms in the public and private spheres. The article also examines Tom Ripley's murder of Dickie Greenleaf in The Talented Mr. Ripley, considering whether it is space itself or a violation of gender that influences this act of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at analyzing various views/definitions of gender and how these can be applied to Martin McDonagh's most political play, The Lieutenant of Inishmore. Further, it intends to provide insights into the concepts of backlash and stereotypes. The article illustrates how Davey and Mairead clearly break society-governed confines, which everybody else succumbs to. They boldly assert aspects of their personalities in an attempt to be who they are, and not who they ought to be. The conclusion is a summing up of the ideas and points discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]