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El déficit de glucosa 6 fosfato deshidrogenasa (G6PD) es el trastorno metabólico más frecuente de los glóbulos rojos, y su presentación más común es la anemia hemolítica, que puede desencadenarse por procesos infecciosos, medicamentos o la ingesta de habas; esta última denominada favismo. Objetivo: Describir la presentación clínica del déficit de G6PD en un paciente de 3 años posterior al consumo de habas. Caso clínico: Un niño de 3 años de edad, quien presentó ictericia generalizada asociada con coliuria; consumo de habas previo al inicio de síntomas, y se sospechó favismo. Se documentó anemia moderada, hiperbilirrubinemia indirecta, elevación de lactato deshidrogenasa y frotis de sangre periférica con esferocitos y policromatofilia. Se consideró hemólisis aguda y se inició el manejo con ácido fólico. Se medió la enzima G6PD y se observó una deficiencia moderada (clase III). Conclusión: La deficiencia de G6PD es un reto diagnóstico. Con un adecuado manejo y prevención se pueden evitar casos con hemólisis severa. Es importante introducir en el tamizaje neonatal el análisis de G6PD para así lograr una disminución de morbimortalidad infantil.

Marine Natural Products (MNPs) isolated from samples collected in Colombia have been an object of study since the early 1980's; however, this information is neither integrated nor compiled. This systematic review describes the articles published in scientific journals up to December 2019. 173 papers met the inclusion criteria of focusing on MNPs obtained from specimens collected from Colombian seas; all original papers written in English, Portuguese or Spanish. The selected papers were mostly authored by researchers from Colombian groups, with low interaction amongst themselves. 99.4% of the papers studied samples collected from the Caribbean Sea; 183 species were studied, mainly sponges and octocorals. In this study, 1,690 compounds (238 new ones) were reviewed, mainly diterpenes and sterol derivatives. Of the selected papers, 76.8% measured various biological activities, including antibiotic (34%) and anticancer (30%). These papers were published in 51 journals (74.6% were international). In conclusion, scientific work on natural marine products of Colombian origin has incremented over time. The most relevant opportunities to address and fill existing gaps comprise: exploring Pacific Ocean organisms and several of the misrepresented taxa; promoting strong interactions amongst the MNPs research groups, and accordingly with other areas of knowledge; and having the productive sector participate in MNPs research.

Advances in neuroimaging techniques have significantly enhanced our ability to study differences in cognitive efficiency in children and adolescents. However, these studies have traditionally used intelligence quotient (IQ) as the sole measure of cognitive ability. Talent development experts are increasingly drawing attention to the major limitations of exclusively using this measure to identify the variables associated with giftedness, in terms of the validity of the construct they intend to measure and in respect of the measurement’s reliability and stability. The aim of this study is to analyse whether the construct of intelligence on which recent neuroimaging studies are based, the type of instrument used to quantify giftedness and the corresponding neurobiological results are consistent with the advances made by differential pedagogy in respect of the multidimensional construct of intelligence. To this end, a systematic review both of neuroimaging research that seeks to explain the neural correlates of giftedness in children and adolescents, on the one hand, and of research focussing more prominently on the field of giftedness development, on the other, has been carried out. The findings suggest that brain networks and dynamics associated with creativity and motivation may have a bearing on cognitive performance variability. However, as the majority of neuroimaging studies continue to use IQ as the sole measure of intellectual ability, most of the data produced by these studies cannot be generalised for the purpose of determining what differential pedagogy experts refer to as “giftedness”.

Ligninolytic fungi derived from coastal and marine environments, particularly mangrove swamps, are considered potential sources of novel enzymes with unique properties (thermostability, high-redox potential, salt and pH tolerance) not found in terrestrial strains, which are very attractive for the development of effective solutions for the elimination of contamination caused by the textile industry. In this study, the isolation and ligninolytic screening of 73 fungal strains derived from mangrove swamps were achieved. Ten strains showed ligninolytic potential, among which, the basidiomycete identified as INV BAS1 (Cyphellaceae family) exhibited outstanding laccase activity (11873.8 ± 329.0 UL−1). The laccase production was enhanced (5-fold) by optimizing the medium components concentration using a statistical design that combined the one factor at a time method and a central composite rotational design (CCRD), under Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Decolorization of the recalcitrant textile dye Remazol Briliant Blue R (RBBR) was carried out through fermentation and the use of enzyme extracts, reaching decolorization percentages of up to 95.64 ± 1.28 %, under alkaline and high salinity conditions. The laccase activity in the bulk extracts was the major responsible for the RBBR degradation according to gel zymography, UV-Vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. These results contribute to the knowledge of fungal diversity in tropical mangroves and confirm their potential for the development of new bioremediation strategies in high-salt and alkaline effluents generated by the textile industry.

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic surface-active molecules of microbial origin principally produced by hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria; in addition to the bioremediation properties, they can also present antimicrobial activity. The present study highlights the chemical characterization and the antimicrobial activities of biosurfactants produced by deep-sea marine bacteria from the genera Halomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Pseudomonas. The biosurfactants were extracted and chemically characterized through Chromatography TLC, FT-IR, LC/ESI–MS/MS, and a metabolic analysis was done through molecular networking. Six biosurfactants were identified by dereplication tools from GNPS and some surfactin isoforms were identified by molecular networking. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of biosurfactant from Halomonas sp. INV PRT125 (7.27 mg L−1) and Halomonas sp. INV PRT124 (8.92 mg L−1) were most effective against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231. For Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, the biosurfactant from Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 was the most effective with IC50 values of 25.65 mg L−1 and 21.54 mg L−1 for C. albicans, without hemolytic effect (Artemia franciscana), with values under 150 mg L−1, being a biosurfactant promising for further study. The extreme environments as deep-sea can be an important source for the isolation of new biosurfactants-producing microorganisms with environmental and pharmaceutical use.

12 pags., 7 figs., 3 apps., We study photon-mediated interactions between molecular spin qudits in the dispersive regime of operation. We derive from a microscopic model the effective interaction between molecular spins, including their crystal field anisotropy (i.e., the presence of nonlinear spin terms) and their multilevel structure. Finally, we calculate the long-time dynamics for a pair of interacting molecular spins using the method of multiple-scale analysis. This allows us to find a set of two-qudit gates that can be realized for a specific choice of molecular spins and to determine the time required for their implementation. Our results are relevant for the implementation of logical gates in general systems of qudits with unequally spaced levels or to determine an adequate computational subspace to encode and process the information., We acknowledge funding from the Spanish MICIN Grant No. PCI2018-093116 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the CSIC Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (PTI+) on Quantum Technologies (PTI-QTEP+).

Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. These diseases can be transmitted, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. In Colombia, there are around 150 infectious diseases under surveillance according to the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Health. These diseases can be diagnosed using multiple laboratory techniques, including culture, antigen detection methods, nucleic acid detection, and serology. However, many of these traditional diagnostic techniques, especially culture, are time-consuming, expensive, and often require sophisticated equipment, trained personnel, and specific conditions to perform. Therefore, this project aimed to standardize a low-cost and time-saving technique for detecting parasites and viruses that cause different infectious diseases. For this purpose, using the PLUM device, LAMP and ELISA techniques were implemented for the detection of nucleic acids and antibodies in nasopharyngeal swab samples and serum from different regions of the country to evaluate the presence of Leishmaniasis, Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya, highly prevalent diseases in Colombia. From the tests, it was possible to verify that these techniques through a portable device can be implemented in rural areas, with low resources and/or far from diagnostic centers. It also has several advantages over currently existing techniques, reducing processing times from three hours to one hour and reducing costs from $150 a molecular test to around $2, representing an advantage for monitoring and treatment. timing of infectious diseases. Magíster en Ingeniería Biomédica Maestría

We study the phenomena of topological amplification in arrays of parametric oscillators. We find two phases of topological amplification, both with directional transport and exponential gain with the number of sites, and one of them featuring squeezing. We also find a topologically trivial phase with zero-energy modes which produces amplification but lacks the robust topological protection of the others. We characterize the resilience to disorder of the different phases and their stability, gain, and noise-to-signal ratio. Finally, we discuss their experimental implementation with state-of-the-art techniques., 23 pages and 19 labeled figures. Also An Appendix with the detailed calculations at the end

11 pags., 5 figs., We explore the physics of topological lattice models immersed in c-QED architectures for arbitrary coupling strength with the photon field. We propose the use of the cavity transmission as a topological marker and study its behaviour. For this, we develop an approach combining the input-output formalism with a Mean-Field plus fluctuations description of the setup. We illustrate our results with the specific case of a fermionic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain coupled to a single-mode cavity. Our findings confirm that the cavity can indeed act as a quantum sensor for topological phases, where the initial state preparation plays a crucial role. Additionally, we discuss the persistence of topological features when the coupling strength increases, in terms of an effective Hamiltonian, and calculate the entanglement entropy. Our approach can be applied to other fermionic systems, opening a route to the characterization of their topological properties in terms of experimental observables., This work was supported by: Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad, through PID2020-117787GBI00, Ministerio de Educacion y Formacion Profesional, under the program FPU, with reference FPU17/05297 (B. P.-G.), the Spanish project PGC2018-094792-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU) (A. G.-L.). We also acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001.

We study the physics of a magnetic molecule described by a "giant"spin with multiple (d>2) spin states interacting with the quantized cavity field produced by a superconducting resonator. By means of the input-output formalism, we derive an expression for the output modes in the dispersive regime of operation. It includes the effect of magnetic anisotropy, which makes different spin transitions addressable. We find that the measurement of the cavity transmission allows us to uniquely determine the spin state of the qudits. We discuss, from an effective Hamiltonian perspective, the conditions under which the qudit readout is a nondemolition measurement and consider possible experimental protocols to perform it. Finally, we illustrate our results with simulations performed for realistic models of existing magnetic molecules., We acknowledge funding from Spanish MCIN/AEI/10. 13039/501100011033/ Grants No. PGC2018-094792-BI00, No. RTI2018-096075-B-C21, and No. PCI2018-093116 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (QUANTERA project SUMO and FET-OPEN project FATMOLS, Grant No. 862893), the Gobierno de Aragón Grant No. E09-17R-Q-MAD, and the CSIC Quantum Technology Platform PT-001.

This article deals with a linear classical approach for the robust output reference trajectory tracking control of nonlinear SISO Lagrangian systems with a controllable (flat) tangent linearization around an operating equilibrium point. An endogenous injections and exogenous feedback (EIEF) approach is proposed, which is naturally equivalent to the generalized proportional integral control method and to a robust classical compensation network. It is shown that the EIEF controller is also equivalent, within a frequency domain setting demanding respect for the separation principle, to the reduced order observer based active disturbance rejection control approach. The proposed linear control approach is robust with respect to total disturbances and, thus, it is effective for the linear control of the nonlinear Lagrangian system. An illustrative nonlinear rotary crane Lagrangian system example, which is non-feedback linearizable, is presented along with digital computer simulations.

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de satisfacción del usuario externo en un establecimiento de atención primaria de salud, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, prospectivo y transversal, realizado en un establecimiento de primer nivel de atención del sistema sanitario peruano, durante julio a agosto del 2020. La muestra estuvo conformada por 120 usuarios externos. Se recolectaron datos generales y se administró una escala SERVQUAL del Ministerio de Salud, modificada al modelo SERVQHOS. Se aplicó análisis estadístico de nivel descriptivo. Resultados: De los participantes, fueron de sexo femenino (80,7%) y grupo de edad 41 a 50 años (41,0%). En general el 38,3% se encuentran medio satisfecho y 61,7% insatisfecho con los servicios de salud. En las dimensiones fiabilidad 69,2%; capacidad de respuesta 76,7%; seguridad 58,3%; empatía 60,8% y aspectos tangibles 87,5% de insatisfacción respectivamente. El 75,8% de los usuarios externos se encuentran insatisfechos con el trato que reciben en el servicio de salud. Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en promedio los usuarios externos se encuentran insatisfechos con la atención recibida, en un establecimiento de atención primaria de salud.

14 pags., 11 figs., 3 apps., The unavoidable coupling of quantum systems to external degrees of freedom leads to dissipative (nonunitary) dynamics, which can be radically different from closed-system scenarios. Such open quantum system dynamics is generally described by Lindblad master equations, whose dynamical and steady-state properties are challenging to obtain, especially in the many-particle regime. Here, we introduce a method to deal with these systems based on the calculation of a (dissipative) lattice Green's function with a real-space decimation technique. Compared to other methods, such a technique enables us to obtain compact analytical expressions for the dynamics and steady-state properties, such as asymptotic decays or correlation lengths. We illustrate the power of this method with several examples of driven-dissipative bosonic chains of increasing complexity, including the Hatano-Nelson model. The latter is especially illustrative because its surface and bulk dissipative behavior are linked due to its nontrivial topology, which manifests in directional amplification., We acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001 and from Spanish project PGC2018-094792-B-100(MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU), and from the Proyecto Sinérgico CAM 2020 Y2020/TCS6545 (NanoQuCo-CM). T.R. further acknowledges support from the Juan de la Cierva fellowship IJC2019-040260-I.

Quantum Information in Spain ICE-7, Granada, 23-27 May 2022

Previous research has found varied effects of informal care provision on the carer's health status. Few studies have, however, examined this relationship dynamically. This paper is the first to analyse trajectories of care among men and women in mid-life and their impact on health outcomes using a nationally representative prospective cohort study. Data from three waves of the United Kingdom (UK) National Child Development Study (N = 7,465), when the respondents were aged 46, 50 and 55, are used to derive care trajectories capturing the dynamics of care provision and its intensity. Logistic regression investigates the impact of caring between the ages of 46 and 55 on the carers' report of depression and poor health at age 55. At age 46, 9 per cent of men and 16 per cent of women provided some level of informal care; rising to 60 per cent for both genders at ages 50 and 55. Just 7 per cent of women and 4 per cent of men provided care at all observation points, with the most common trajectory being ‘starting to care’ at ages 50 or 55. New carers experienced a lower risk of depression at age 55, reflecting that they may not have experienced the caring role long enough to have an adverse impact on their wellbeing. The findings highlight that the majority of individuals with surviving parents experience caring at some point during mid-life, underlining the need for further longitudinal research to better understand the complex relationships between care-giving and health for different groups of cares.

Tras la pandemia del covid-19 Colombia tiene nuevos retos en lo que respecta a la contratación pública, debido a ello es de gran ayuda para el país las propuestas que se planteen desde el ejercicio académico. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo principal establecer una serie de parámetros para el reconocimiento y la formulación de buenas prácticas contractuales que impulsen la reactivación económica. El presente documento se elaboró mediante el análisis y estudio de textos, guías, casos, propuestas y políticas, para desarrollar un ensayo de tipo propositivo que exponga y explique al lector un listado de parámetros, que permitan identificar buenas prácticas contractuales que aporten a la reactivación económica. Se pretende concluir dentro del ensayo proponiendo 8 características relevantes que servirán como herramienta para personas naturales o jurídicas que busquen plantear buenas prácticas contractuales. Que a su vez no deben confundirse con el normal funcionamiento de la contratación pública, pues deben generar un valor agregado, tal como lo hacen las economías emergentes, como por ejemplo la economía naranja y la contratación verde. After the covid-19 pandemic, Colombia faces new challenges in terms of public procurement, which is why the proposals put forward by academics are of great help to the country. The main objective of this essay is to establish a series of parameters for the recognition and formulation of good contractual practices that promote economic reactivation. This document was elaborated through the analysis and study of texts, guides, cases, proposals and policies, in order to develop an essay of a propositional type that exposes and explains to the reader a list of parameters that allow the identification of good contractual practices that contribute to economic reactivation. The aim is to conclude the essay by proposing 8 relevant characteristics that will serve as a tool for natural or legal persons seeking to propose good contractual practices. These in turn should not be confused with the normal functioning of public procurement, as they should generate added value, as is the case in emerging economies, such as the orange economy and green procurement. Pregrado

Se desarrolla un proyecto técnico orientado al cambio de un sistema de iluminación basado en tecnología HPS por uno basado en LED, evaluando directrices que llevan a la selección de un adecuado sistema de iluminación. La eficiencia energética es el beneficio más notorio de las luminarias led, así como su operación versátil en ambientes exteriores, consiguiendo un 56% de ahorro con respecto a la iluminación HPS y una duración en operación de 50000 horas con un FDFL del 94%. Sin embargo, la calidad de la iluminación sigue siendo el parámetro más importante del diseño, para una comparación entre las luminarias HPS y LED simulamos un escenario piloto con la ayuda de DIALux, donde se pudo ajustar los parámetros luminotécnicos a los exigidos por normativa internacional (CIE 115-2010) obteniendo una Lav del doble de la nominal en ambos casos, una Uo y Ul superior en led, un TI más bajo en led y un SR un 5% mayor en HPS. Luego de remarcar la eficiencia de las luminarias led, se llevó a cabo la simulación en un escenario muy próximo al de aplicación y con las luminarias seleccionadas procedimos al estudio de carga, dimensionamiento de protecciones y planos eléctricos en general. A technical project is developed to change an illumination system based on HPS technology for one based on LED, evaluating the guidelines that lead to the selection of a suitable lighting system. Energy efficiency is the most notorious benefit of LED luminaires, as well as their versatile operation in outdoor environments, achieving 56% savings compared to HPS lighting and an operating life of 50,000 hours with a FDFL of 94%. However, the quality of lighting is still the most important parameter of the design, for a comparison between HPS and LED luminaires we simulated a pilot scenario with the help of DIALux, where we could adjust the luminotechnical parameters to the required by international standards (CIE 115-2010) obtaining a Lav twice the nominal in both cases, a higher Uo and Ul in LED, a lower TI in LED and a 5% higher SR in HPS. After highlighting the efficiency of the LED luminaires, the simulation was carried out in a scenario very similar to the application scenario and with the selected luminaires we proceeded to the load study, protection sizing and electrical plans in general.

Los niños y adolescentes con alta capacidad intelectual (ACI) presentan una serie de características y necesidades únicas que en ocasiones son difícilmente comprendidas y toleradas por el resto, por lo que a menudo se enfrentan a situaciones de soledad física o compartida con graves repercusiones en la salud física y mental. Las investigaciones sugieren que si la ACI no se desarrolla en un contexto socioafectivo adecuado desde la infancia estos niños y adolescentes podrían estar en riesgo con respecto a la salud mental para poder convertirse en adultos sanos en un aspecto biopsicosocial. El objetivo de este artículo es describir algunos de los posibles factores de riesgo que hacen que los niños y adolescentes con ACI sean especialmente vulnerables a experimentar el aislamiento físico, social y/o psicológico, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento más comúnmente utilizadas por ellos para intentar superar estas situaciones de estrés. Los resultados señalan como principales factores de riesgo la disincronía y complejidad cognitiva con respecto a sus iguales, patrones de amistad diferentes y una mayor conectividad dentro del sistema de mentalización. Las estrategias de afrontamiento social más utilizadas por esta población en respuesta a la percepción de los efectos sociales negativos son negar el talento, minimizar la popularidad y la conformidad con los demás.

The number of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in giftedness is higher than that of the normotypic population. This study aimed to analyze the empirical evidence that shows the coexistence, or not, of both diagnoses. The results found did not allow to affirm that ADHD is a valid construction in the context of the giftedness. When studied from a psychobiological perspective it is found that gifted children can present clinical symptoms of ADHD in the absence of specific neuronal markers to this disorder, indeed they seem to follow an different development trajectory. It suggests the need to use neuroscientific and objective approaches that help to understand giftedness and ADHD within the context of neurodevelopment and as a consequence of an integrated and multifaceted organ that is more than a simple reflection of its separate parts or the sum of specific symptoms.

Using social tables and modern household surveys, this article explores Brazil's income distribution from a historical perspective (1850-2010), examining its relationship with economic development and the factors driving inequality changes. It shows that Brazil's inequality was not always high, but rather followed a Kuznets curve, increasing from the early 20thcentury, reaching a high plateau between the 1970s and 1990s and declining thereafter. Notably, results highlight the importance of both economic and political factors for enabling the completion of the second Kuznets curve phase.

There are few reports of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from marine microorganisms. This work aimed to explore the marine bacteria Cobetia sp. INV PRT122 and Bacillus sp. INV FIR18 isolated from the Colombian Caribbean Sea as polyhydroxyalkanoates producers. The polymers were extracted, and structural analyses were completed to confirm their nature. Growth, accumulation, and sugar consumption kinetic studies were then conducted using glucose as a carbon source at 2%, 4%, 8%, 12% (w/v). A high degree of purity could be seen in the spectroscopy analysis through its signals, and the results indicated that the isolated polysaccharides had the same chemical structure as that of polyhydroxybutyrate. The results of the growth of the microorganisms and production of polyhydroxyalkanoates confirm that an excess of carbon affects the polymer production. The highest production was obtained from Bacillus sp. INV FIR18 using glucose at 2%, 30 °C, 140 rpm, and 144 h.

Resumen En la actualidad se defiende la interaccion entre la cognicion, la emocion y la motivacion en el desarrollo de la alta capacidad intelectual; sin embargo, pocos son los estudios que describen los niveles de funcion corticales y subcorticales superpuestos para explicar su manifestacion. Esta revision pretende integrar los mecanismos neurobiologicos que facilitan la motivacion y la practica en los ninos con altas capacidades durante las primeras fases de su aprendizaje. La alta sensibilidad al entorno parece estar relacionada con unas neuronas piramidales y espinosas mas rapidas y eficientes, la deteccion y la busqueda de la novedad con la actividad de los sistemas neuromoduladores dopaminergicos, noradrenergicos y glutamatergicos en el hipocampo y el sistema mesolimbico, la mayor predisposicion al desafio con un mayor numero de conexiones en la corteza cingulada anterior, la motivacion intrinseca y la perseverancia con la maduracion precoz y la mayor plasticidad de las vias frontoparietales, frontoestriales y mesolimbicas.

Background The differentiation between myxomas and myxoid liposarcomas (MLPS) often is a serious challenge for the radiologists. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most useful imaging technique in characterization of the soft tissue tumors (STT). Purpose To evaluate in a sample of myxomas and MLPS of the extremities, what morphological findings in conventional MRI allow us to differentiate these two types of myxoid tumors, in addition to analyzing the validity of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). Material and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging studies in myxomas and MLPS of extremities searched in our PACS between 2015 and 2019. All studies had conventional MRI with T1, T2, and PD SPAIR sequences, while DW-MRI with ADC mapping and perfusion MRI with a T1 sequence repeated for 4 minutes after contrast injection were additional sequences only in some explorations. Two radiologists evaluated independently the MRI studies by examining the qualitative parameters. Apparent diffusion coefficient values were calculated using two methods—ADC global and ADC solid, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were applied for analysis. Results The features were consistent with MLPS: size greater than 10 cm, heterogeneous signal on T1, and nodular enhancement, while the common findings for myxomas were a homogenously hypointense signal on T1 and diffuse peritumoral enhancement. The solid and global ADC values were higher in myxomas. We observed that the solid ADC value less than 2.06 x 10−3mm2 x s would support the diagnosis of MLPS against myxoma. Conclusion Overall, MRI with its different modalities improved the diagnostic accuracy when differentiating myxomas from MLPS of extremities.