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151. Comparison of1AGeV197Au+Cdata with thermodynamics: The nature of the phase transition in nuclear multifragmentation

Author

M. A. McMahan, A. Scott, J. O. Rasmussen, H. G. Ritter, A. Insolia, D. L. Olson, H. Sann, P. Warren, D. Keane, G.V. Russo, M. L. Gilkes, T. Wienold, H. H. Wieman, G. Rai, J. L. Chance, Salvatore Costa, J. A. Hauger, E. L. Hjort, D. Cebra, T. J. M. Symons, Renato Potenza, M. Justice, J. B. Elliott, A. D. Chacon, M. A. Lisa, B. K. Srivastava, A. S. Hirsch, F. P. Brady, M. L. Tincknell, N. T. Porile, Z. Caccia, M. D. Partlan, S. Wang, C. P. McParland, F. S. Bieser, J. Romanski, Sebastiano Albergo, K.L. Wolf, Cristina Tuve, V. Lindenstruth, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, Y. Choi, Y. Shao, J. L. Romero, Wolfgang Müller, and J. C. Kintner

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Fission, Critical phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear physics, Excited state, Atomic physics, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Critical exponent, Excitation
Abstract

Multifragmentation MF results from 1A GeV Au on C have been compared with the Copenhagen statistical multifragmentation model ~SMM!. The complete charge, mass, and momentum reconstruction of the Au projectile was used to identify high momentum ejectiles leaving an excited remnant of mass A, charge Z, and excitation energy E* which subsequently multifragments. Measurement of the magnitude and multiplicity ~energy! dependence of the initial free volume and the breakup volume determines the variable volume parametrization of SMM. Very good agreement is obtained using SMM with the standard values of the SMM parameters. A large number of observables, including the fragment charge yield distributions, fragment multiplicity distributions, caloric curve, critical exponents, and the critical scaling function are explored in this comparison. The two stage structure of SMM is used to determine the effect of cooling of the primary hot fragments. Average fragment yields with Z>3 are essentially unaffected when the excitation energy is 170 the effective latent heat approaches zero. Thus for heavier systems this transition can be identified as a continuous thermal phase transition where a large nucleus breaks up into a number of smaller nuclei with only a minimal release of constituent nucleons. Z

Published
2001

152. Measurement of inclusive antiprotons from Au+Au collisions at square root of s(NN) = 130 GeV

Author

C, Adler, Z, Ahammed, C, Allgower, J, Amonett, B D, Anderson, M, Anderson, G S, Averichev, J, Balewski, O, Barannikova, L S, Barnby, J, Baudot, S, Bekele, V V, Belaga, R, Bellwied, J, Berger, H, Bichsel, L C, Bland, C O, Blyth, B E, Bonner, A, Boucham, A, Brandin, R V, Cadman, H, Caines, M, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, A, Cardenas, J, Carroll, J, Castillo, M, Castro, D, Cebra, S, Chattopadhyay, M L, Chen, Y, Chen, S P, Chernenko, M, Cherney, A, Chikanian, B, Choi, W, Christie, J P, Coffin, T M, Cormier, J G, Cramer, H J, Crawford, M, DeMello, W S, Deng, A A, Derevschikov, L, Didenko, J E, Draper, V B, Dunin, J C, Dunlop, V, Eckardt, L G, Efimov, V, Emelianov, J, Engelage, G, Eppley, B, Erazmus, P, Fachini, V, Faine, K, Filimonov, E, Finch, Y, Fisyak, D, Flierl, K J, Foley, J, Fu, C A, Gagliardi, N, Gagunashvili, J, Gans, L, Gaudichet, M, Germain, F, Geurts, V, Ghazikhanian, J, Grabski, O, Grachov, V, Grigoriev, M, Guedon, E, Gushin, T J, Hallman, D, Hardtke, J W, Harris, M, Heffner, S, Heppelmann, T, Herston, B, Hippolyte, A, Hirsch, E, Hjort, G W, Hoffmann, M, Horsley, H Z, Huang, T J, Humanic, H, Hümmler, G, Igo, A, Ishihara, Y I, Ivanshin, P, Jacobs, W W, Jacobs, M, Janik, I, Johnson, P G, Jones, E, Judd, M, Kaneta, M, Kaplan, D, Keane, A, Kisiel, J, Klay, S R, Klein, A, Klyachko, A S, Konstantinov, L, Kotchenda, A D, Kovalenko, M, Kramer, P, Kravtsov, K, Krueger, C, Kuhn, A I, Kulikov, G J, Kunde, C L, Kunz, R K, Kutuev, A A, Kuznetsov, L, Lakehal-Ayat, J, Lamas-Valverde, M A, Lamont, J M, Landgraf, S, Lange, C P, Lansdell, B, Lasiuk, F, Laue, A, Lebedev, R, Lednický, V M, Leontiev, M J, LeVine, Q, Li, S J, Lindenbaum, M A, Lisa, F, Liu, L, Liu, Z, Liu, Q J, Liu, T, Ljubicic, W J, Llope, G, LoCurto, H, Long, R S, Longacre, M, Lopez-Noriega, W A, Love, D, Lynn, R, Majka, S, Margetis, L, Martin, J, Marx, H S, Matis, Y A, Matulenko, T S, McShane, F, Meissner, Y, Melnick, A, Meschanin, M, Messer, M L, Miller, Z, Milosevich, N G, Minaev, J, Mitchell, V A, Moiseenko, C F, Moore, V, Morozov, M M, de Moura, M G, Munhoz, G S, Mutchler, J M, Nelson, P, Nevski, V A, Nikitin, L V, Nogach, B, Norman, S B, Nurushev, G, Odyniec, A, Ogawa, V, Okorokov, M, Oldenburg, D, Olson, G, Paic, S U, Pandey, Y, Panebratsev, S Y, Panitkin, A I, Pavlinov, T, Pawlak, V, Perevoztchikov, W, Peryt, V A, Petrov, E, Platner, J, Pluta, N, Porile, J, Porter, A M, Poskanzer, E, Potrebenikova, D, Prindle, C, Pruneau, S, Radomski, G, Rai, O, Ravel, R L, Ray, S V, Razin, D, Reichhold, J G, Reid, F, Retiere, A, Ridiger, H G, Ritter, J B, Roberts, O V, Rogachevski, J L, Romero, C, Roy, V, Rykov, I, Sakrejda, J, Sandweiss, A C, Saulys, I, Savin, J, Schambach, R P, Scharenberg, N, Schmitz, L S, Schroeder, A, Schüttauf, K, Schweda, J, Seger, D, Seliverstov, P, Seyboth, E, Shahaliev, K E, Shestermanov, S S, Shimanskii, V S, Shvetcov, G, Skoro, N, Smirnov, R, Snellings, J, Sowinski, H M, Spinka, B, Srivastava, E J, Stephenson, R, Stock, A, Stolpovsky, M, Strikhanov, B, Stringfellow, C, Struck, A A, Suaide, E, Sugarbaker, C, Suire, M, Sumbera, T J, Symons, A S, de Toledo, P, Szarwas, J, Takahashi, A H, Tang, J H, Thomas, M, Thompson, V, Tikhomirov, T A, Trainor, S, Trentalange, R E, Tribble, M, Tokarev, M B, Tonjes, V, Trofimov, O, Tsai, K, Turner, T, Ullrich, D G, Underwood, G, Van Buren, A M, VanderMolen, A, Vanyashin, I M, Vasilevski, A N, Vasiliev, S E, Vigdor, S A, Voloshin, F, Wang, H, Ward, J W, Watson, R, Wells, T, Wenaus, G D, Westfall, C, Whitten, H, Wieman, R, Willson, S W, Wissink, R, Witt, N, Xu, Z, Xu, A E, Yakutin, E, Yamamoto, J, Yang, P, Yepes, V I, Yurevich, Y V, Zanevski, I, Zborovský, H, Zhang, W M, Zhang, R, Zoulkarneev, and A N, Zubarev

Abstract

We report the first measurement of inclusive antiproton production at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at square root of s(NN) = 130 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The antiproton transverse mass distributions in the measured transverse momentum range of 0.25p( perpendicular)0.95 GeV/c are found to fall less steeply for more central collisions. The extrapolated antiproton rapidity density is found to scale approximately with the negative hadron multiplicity density.

Published
2001

153. Model-Independent Source Imaging Using Two-Pion Correlations in(2to8)AGeVAu+AuCollisions

Author

M. Anderson, J. Alexander, T. J. M. Symons, J. Klay, L. S. Schroeder, Y. M. Liu, G. Rai, Z. Milosevich, J. L. Romero, E. Hjort, T. Wienold, L. Huo, C. Pinkenburg, Morton Kaplan, M. Heffner, R. McGrath, A. C. Das, H. Liu, W. N. Zhang, J. Lauret, R. Witt, P. Chung, F. P. Brady, D. Keane, Xiaodong Yang, A. Hirsch, Yanxi Zhang, J. Whitfield, D. Best, J. C. Kintner, T. Case, D. L. Olson, H. G. Ritter, J. E. Draper, S. Y. Panitkin, B. Srivastava, David Krofcheck, N. N. Ajitanand, M. Gilkes, Brian Cole, L. Wood, R. Wells, W. Caskey, R. Lacey, K.M. Crowe, R. Scharenberg, S. Wang, M. A. Lisa, J. Chance, G. Odyniec, S. Gushue, D. A. Brown, D. Cebra, N. Porile, Pawel Danielewicz, N. T. B. Stone, and M. Justice

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Mathematical model, Gaussian, General Physics and Astronomy, Multiplicity (mathematics), Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Pion, symbols, Nuclear Experiment, Constant (mathematics), Energy (signal processing), Beam (structure)
Abstract

We report a particle source imaging analysis based on two-pion correlations in high multiplicity Au + Au collisions at beam energies between 2A and 8A GeV . We apply the imaging technique introduced by Brown and Danielewicz, which allows a model-independent extraction of source functions with useful accuracy out to relative pion separations of about 20fm. The extracted source functions have Gaussian shapes. Values of source functions at zero separation are almost constant across the energy range under study. Imaging results are found to be consistent with conventional source parameters obtained from a multidimensional Hanburg-Brown--Twiss analysis.

Published
2001

154. Multiplicity Distribution and Spectra of Negatively Charged Hadrons inAu+AuCollisions atsNN=130GeV

Author

W. Christie, J. Amonett, M. DeMello, A. I. Kulikov, Masashi Kaneta, W. M. Zhang, Andrey Vasiliev, M. Oldenburg, I. Sakrejda, A. C. Saulys, V. Emelianov, D. Keane, J. Engelage, Nikolai Smirnov, R. Stock, J. Mitchell, V. Perevoztchikov, M. M. de Moura, Fuqiang Wang, M. L. Miller, Janet Elizabeth Seger, G. S. Mutchler, A. Stolpovsky, H. Hümmler, L. Kotchenda, J. M. Landgraf, Christophe Pierre Suire, L. G. Efimov, A. Ishihara, R. S. Longacre, M. Strikhanov, Yu. Ivanshin, Guy Paic, A. Chikanian, S. S. Shimanskii, Sergey Panitkin, A. A.P. Suaide, A. Boucham, P. Szarwas, S. Bekele, J. Sandweiss, J. Berger, M. Guedon, A. M. VanderMolen, M. Castro, C. Roy, A. Klyachko, Thomas LeCompte, J. W. Harris, A. H. Tang, B. E. Bonner, C. O. Blyth, A. M. Poskanzer, B. Choi, A. V. Brandin, Vladimir Tikhomirov, O. D. Tsai, B. D. Anderson, S. E. Vigdor, S. Trentalange, V. B. Dunin, V. I. Yurevich, H. G. Ritter, A. Lebedev, G. Igo, Frank Jm Geurts, Alexander Kovalenko, A. Vanyashin, W. S. Deng, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, G. Van Buren, H. J. Crawford, Christian Claude Kuhn, A. S. Hirsch, Mingshui Chen, P. Kravtsov, C. Adler, M. Lopez-Noriega, L. V. Nogach, J. G. Cramer, B. Norman, R. Bellwied, G. Skoro, E. Gushin, G. J. Kunde, A. S. Konstantinov, M. Heffner, D. Russ, G. Eppley, R. K. Kutuev, A. Maliszewski, Jeffrey G. Reid, Yu Chen, E. Sugarbaker, B. Erazmus, K. Turner, H. Z. Huang, V. S. Shvetcov, P. Yepes, V. Eckardt, C. A. Whitten, E. Platner, M. Kramer, S. Margetis, Vladimir Petrov, P. Seyboth, S. P. Chernenko, J. Pluta, W. J. Llope, J. M. Nelson, H. Stroebele, O. A. Grachov, A. Yokosawa, F. Laue, Lee Stuart Barnby, D. M. Moltz, A. A. Kuznetsov, J. H. Thomas, L. Conin, J. Castillo, S. W. Wissink, A. Szanto de Toledo, T. S. McShane, F. Meissner, A. I. Pavlinov, M. B. Tonjes, S. Lange, S. J. Lindenbaum, A. Cardenas, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, K. Krueger, V. M. Leontiev, Olivier Ravel, W. Peryt, B. Lasiuk, M. Tokarev, T. Pawlak, Sergey Voloshin, D. Cebra, C. P. Lansdell, R.J.M. Snellings, V. Morozov, Gerald W Hoffmann, J. Grabski, H. Long, C. E. Allgower, M. Cherney, Thomas Michael Cormier, N. Xu, V. Grigoriev, J. Porter, K. J. Foley, N.D. Gagunashvili, K. Schweda, D.E. Greiner, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Hardtke, R. D. Majka, J. Sowinski, R. Lednický, J. N. Marx, Y. Panebratsev, P. Nevski, S. Radomski, Yu Melnick, G. D. Westfall, V. A. Nikitin, G. Rai, R. L. Ray, E. Potrebenikova, K. E. Shestermanov, Malgorzata Anna Janik, J. Schambach, J. Baudot, A. Ridiger, Y. V. Zanevski, T. J. Humanic, R. Willson, I.A. Savin, N. T. Porile, Q. Li, D. G. Underwood, W. A. Love, P. Leszczynski, S. Heppelmann, D. Flierl, T. Ljubicic, E. G. Judd, I. Zborovský, Morton Kaplan, H. H. Wieman, Yu A. Matulenko, M. Šumbera, V. A. Moiseenko, R. Bossingham, L. Martin, H. Caines, M. Horsley, G. S. Averichev, F. Retiere, V. L. Rykov, B. Stringfellow, J. Klay, C. Struck, Vitaly Okorokov, L. Lakehal-Ayat, J. Lamas-Valverde, D. Seliverstov, A. Schüttauf, J. E. Draper, N. G. Minaev, V. Trofimov, Y. Fisyak, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, D. J. Prindle, J. Takahashi, A. Ogawa, Ian Johnson, Peter Martin Jacobs, J. W. Watson, J. P. Coffin, O. V. Rogachevski, J. Balewski, M. A. C. Lamont, S. B. Nurushev, Z. Milosevich, Z. Z. Xu, D. Reichhold, Claude Andre Pruneau, Torre Wenaus, T. Herston, T. Ullrich, T. J. Hallman, T. J. M. Symons, Thomas A. Trainor, E. J. Stephenson, R. Zoulkarneev, M. A. Lisa, H. M. Spinka, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, W. W. Jacobs, L. C. Bland, H. Ward, H. Bichsel, G. Odyniec, Matthew J. Anderson, S. U. Pandey, A. E. Yakutin, David Lynn, V. V. Belaga, Peter Graham Jones, J. Fu, B. K. Srivastava, I. M. Vasilevski, L. Didenko, J. Gans, Boris Hippolyte, Marie Germain, S. V. Razin, L. Gaudichet, W. Pinganaud, A. N. Zubarev, Jay Roberts, M. Messer, C. L. Kunz, C. F. Moore, Jinghui Yang, R. Witt, E. Yamamoto, G. LoCurto, S. R. Klein, J. C. Dunlop, O. Barannikova, D. L. Olson, Zubayer Ahammed, M. J. LeVine, A. A. Derevschikov, L. S. Schroeder, R. Wells, N. Schmitz, E. Shahaliev, E. Hjort, J. Carroll, V. Ghazikhanian, J. L. Romero, P. Fachini, E. Finch, and A. P. Meschanin

Subjects
Quark, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Scaling, Multiplicity distribution
Abstract

The minimum-bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons (h{sup -}) in Au+Au interactions at s{sub NN}=130 GeV . The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dN{sub h{sup -}}/d{eta}|{sub {eta}=0} =280{+-}1(stat){+-}20(syst) , an increase per participant of 38% relative to p{bar p} collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508{+-}0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h{sup -} yield per participant is a strong function of p{sub {perpendicular}} . The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within |{eta}

Published
2001

155. d Macro and (3)He macro production in square root of s(NN) = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions

Author

C, Adler, Z, Ahammed, C, Allgower, J, Amonett, B D, Anderson, M, Anderson, G S, Averichev, J, Balewski, O, Barannikova, L S, Barnby, J, Baudot, S, Bekele, V V, Belaga, R, Bellwied, J, Berger, H, Bichsel, L C, Bland, C O, Blyth, B E, Bonner, A, Boucham, A, Brandin, R V, Cadman, H, Caines, M, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, A, Cardenas, J, Carroll, J, Castillo, M, Castro, D, Cebra, S, Chattopadhyay, M L, Chen, Y, Chen, S P, Chernenko, M, Cherney, A, Chikanian, B, Choi, W, Christie, J P, Coffin, T M, Cormier, J G, Cramer, H J, Crawford, M, DeMello, W S, Deng, A A, Derevschikov, L, Didenko, J E, Draper, V B, Dunin, J C, Dunlop, V, Eckardt, L G, Efimov, V, Emelianov, J, Engelage, G, Eppley, B, Erazmus, P, Fachini, V, Faine, E, Finch, Y, Fisyak, D, Flierl, K J, Foley, J, Fu, N, Gagunashvili, J, Gans, L, Gaudichet, M, Germain, F, Geurts, V, Ghazikhanian, J, Grabski, O, Grachov, D, Greiner, V, Grigoriev, M, Guedon, E, Gushin, T J, Hallman, D, Hardtke, J W, Harris, M, Heffner, S, Heppelmann, T, Herston, B, Hippolyte, A, Hirsch, E, Hjort, G W, Hoffmann, M, Horsley, H Z, Huang, T J, Humanic, H, Hümmler, G, Igo, A, Ishihara, Y I, Ivanshin, P, Jacobs, W W, Jacobs, M, Janik, I, Johnson, P G, Jones, E, Judd, M, Kaneta, M, Kaplan, D, Keane, A, Kisiel, J, Klay, S R, Klein, A, Klyachko, A S, Konstantinov, L, Kotchenda, A D, Kovalenko, M, Kramer, P, Kravtsov, K, Krueger, C, Kuhn, A I, Kulikov, G J, Kunde, C L, Kunz, R K, Kutuev, A A, Kuznetsov, L, Lakehal-Ayat, J, Lamas-Valverde, M A, Lamont, J M, Landgraf, S, Lange, C P, Lansdell, B, Lasiuk, F, Laue, A, Lebedev, T, LeCompte, R, Lednický, V M, Leontiev, M J, LeVine, Q, Li, S J, Lindenbaum, M A, Lisa, T, Ljubicic, W J, Llope, G, LoCurto, H, Long, R S, Longacre, M, Lopez-Noriega, W A, Love, D, Lynn, R, Majka, S, Margetis, L, Martin, J, Marx, H S, Matis, Y A, Matulenko, T S, McShane, F, Meissner, Y, Melnick, A, Meschanin, M, Messer, M L, Miller, Z, Milosevich, N G, Minaev, J, Mitchell, V A, Moiseenko, D, Moltz, C F, Moore, V, Morozov, M M, de Moura, M G, Munhoz, G S, Mutchler, J M, Nelson, P, Nevski, V A, Nikitin, L V, Nogach, B, Norman, S B, Nurushev, G, Odyniec, A, Ogawa, V, Okorokov, M, Oldenburg, D, Olson, G, Paic, S U, Pandey, Y, Panebratsev, S Y, Panitkin, A I, Pavlinov, T, Pawlak, V, Perevoztchikov, W, Peryt, V A, Petrov, E, Platner, J, Pluta, N, Porile, J, Porter, A M, Poskanzer, E, Potrebenikova, D, Prindle, C, Pruneau, S, Radomski, G, Rai, O, Ravel, R L, Ray, S V, Razin, D, Reichhold, J G, Reid, F, Retiere, A, Ridiger, H G, Ritter, J B, Roberts, O V, Rogachevski, J L, Romero, C, Roy, D, Russ, V, Rykov, I, Sakrejda, J, Sandweiss, A C, Saulys, I, Savin, J, Schambach, R P, Scharenberg, N, Schmitz, L S, Schroeder, A, Schüttauf, K, Schweda, J, Seger, D, Seliverstov, P, Seyboth, E, Shahaliev, K E, Shestermanov, S S, Shimanskii, V S, Shvetcov, G, Skoro, N, Smirnov, R, Snellings, J, Sowinski, H M, Spinka, B, Srivastava, E J, Stephenson, R, Stock, A, Stolpovsky, M, Strikhanov, B, Stringfellow, C, Struck, A A, Suaide, E, Sugarbaker, C, Suire, M, Sumbera, T J, Symons, A S, de Toledo, P, Szarwas, J, Takahashi, A H, Tang, J H, Thomas, V, Tikhomirov, T A, Trainor, S, Trentalange, M, Tokarev, M B, Tonjes, V, Trofimov, O, Tsai, K, Turner, T, Ullrich, D G, Underwood, G, Van Buren, A M, VanderMolen, A, Vanyashin, I M, Vasilevski, A N, Vasiliev, S E, Vigdor, S A, Voloshin, F, Wang, H, Ward, J W, Watson, R, Wells, T, Wenaus, G D, Westfall, C, Whitten, H, Wieman, R, Willson, S W, Wissink, R, Witt, N, Xu, Z, Xu, A E, Yakutin, E, Yamamoto, J, Yang, P, Yepes, A, Yokosawa, V I, Yurevich, Y V, Zanevski, I, Zborovský, H, Zhang, W M, Zhang, R, Zoulkarneev, and A N, Zubarev

Abstract

The first measurements of light antinucleus production in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider are reported. The observed production rates for d macro and (3)He macro are much larger than in lower energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. A coalescence model analysis of the yields indicates that there is little or no increase in the antinucleon freeze-out volume compared to collisions at CERN SPS energy. These analyses also indicate that the (3)He macro freeze-out volume is smaller than the d macro freeze-out volume.

Published
2001

156. Pion Interferometry ofsNN=130GeVAu+AuCollisions at RHIC

Author

C. Adler, Z. Ahammed, C. Allgower, J. Amonett, B. D. Anderson, M. Anderson, G. S. Averichev, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L. S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V. V. Belaga, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, H. Bichsel, L. C. Bland, C. O. Blyth, B. E. Bonner, R. Bossingham, A. Boucham, A. Brandin, R. V. Cadman, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, A. Cardenas, J. Carroll, J. Castillo, M. Castro, D. Cebra, S. Chattopadhyay, M. L. Chen, Y. Chen, S. P. Chernenko, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, B. Choi, W. Christie, J. P. Coffin, L. Conin, T. M. Cormier, J. G. Cramer, H. J. Crawford, M. DeMello, W. S. Deng, A. A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, J. E. Draper, V. B. Dunin, J. C. Dunlop, V. Eckardt, L. G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, P. Fachini, V. Faine, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, D. Flierl, K. J. Foley, J. Fu, N. Gagunashvili, J. Gans, L. Gaudichet, M. Germain, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, J. Grabski, O. Grachov, D. Greiner, V. Grigoriev, M. Guedon, E. Gushin, T. J. Hallman, D. Hardtke, J. W. Harris, M. Heffner, S. Heppelmann, T. Herston, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G. W. Hoffmann, M. Horsley, H. Z. Huang, T. J. Humanic, H. Hümmler, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, Yu. I. Ivanshin, P. Jacobs, W. W. Jacobs, M. Janik, I. Johnson, P. G. Jones, E. Judd, M. Kaneta, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kisiel, J. Klay, S. R. Klein, A. Klyachko, A. S. Konstantinov, L. Kotchenda, A. D. Kovalenko, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A. I. Kulikov, G. J. Kunde, C. L. Kunz, R. Kh. Kutuev, A. A. Kuznetsov, L. Lakehal-Ayat, J. Lamas-Valverde, M. A. C. Lamont, J. M. Landgraf, S. Lange, C. P. Lansdell, B. Lasiuk, F. Laue, A. Lebedev, T. LeCompte, R. Lednický, V. M. Leontiev, M. J. LeVine, Q. Li, S. J. Lindenbaum, M. A. Lisa, T. Ljubicic, W. J. Llope, G. LoCurto, H. Long, R. S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W. A. Love, D. Lynn, R. Majka, S. Margetis, L. Martin, J. Marx, H. S. Matis, Yu. A. Matulenko, T. S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M. Messer, M. L. Miller, Z. Milosevich, N. G. Minaev, J. Mitchell, V. A. Moiseenko, D. Moltz, C. F. Moore, V. Morozov, M. M. de Moura, M. G. Munhoz, G. S. Mutchler, J. M. Nelson, P. Nevski, V. A. Nikitin, L. V. Nogach, B. Norman, S. B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, G. Paic, S. U. Pandey, Y. Panebratsev, S. Y. Panitkin, A. I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, V. Perevoztchikov, W. Peryt, V. A. Petrov, W. Pinganaud, E. Platner, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A. M. Poskanzer, E. Potrebenikova, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, S. Radomski, G. Rai, O. Ravel, R. L. Ray, S. V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J. G. Reid, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H. G. Ritter, J. B. Roberts, O. V. Rogachevski, J. L. Romero, C. Roy, D. Russ, V. Rykov, I. Sakrejda, J. Sandweiss, A. C. Saulys, I. Savin, J. Schambach, R. P. Scharenberg, K. Schweda, N. Schmitz, L. S. Schroeder, A. Schüttauf, J. Seger, D. Seliverstov, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, K. E. Shestermanov, S. S. Shimanskii, V. S. Shvetcov, G. Skoro, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, J. Sowinski, H. M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, E. J. Stephenson, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, H. Stroebele, C. Struck, A. A. P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, C. Suire, M. Šumbera, T. J. M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, P. Szarwas, J. Takahashi, A. H. Tang, J. H. Thomas, V. Tikhomirov, T. A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, M. Tokarev, M. B. Tonjes, V. Trofimov, O. Tsai, K. Turner, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, A. M. VanderMolen, A. Vanyashin, I. M. Vasilevski, A. N. Vasiliev, S. E. Vigdor, S. A. Voloshin, F. Wang, H. Ward, J. W. Watson, R. Wells, T. Wenaus, G. D. Westfall, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, R. Willson, S. W. Wissink, R. Witt, N. Xu, Z. Xu, A. E. Yakutin, E. Yamamoto, J. Yang, P. Yepes, A. Yokosawa, V. I. Yurevich, Y. V. Zanevski, I. Zborovský, W. M. Zhang, R. Zoulkarneev, and A. N. Zubarev

Subjects
Physics, Solenoidal vector field, Meson, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Nuclear physics, Strange matter, Pion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Two-pion correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at s{sub NN}=130 GeV have been measured by the STAR (solenoidal tracker at RHIC) detector. The source size extracted by fitting the correlations grows with event multiplicity and decreases with transverse momentum. Anomalously large sizes or emission durations, which have been suggested as signals of quark-gluon plasma formation and rehadronization, are not observed. The Hanbury Brown--Twiss parameters display a weak energy dependence over a broad range in s{sub NN}.

Published
2001

157. Mass dependence of the transverse momenta of Au projectile fragments at 1.0AGeV

Author

J. Romanski, H. Sann, M. A. Lisa, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, S. Wang, Renato Potenza, J. B. Elliott, G. Rai, T. J. M. Symons, M. Justice, Wolfgang Müller, T. Wienold, M. A. McMahan, V. Lindenstruth, M. D. Partlan, D. L. Olson, A. D. Chacon, G.V. Russo, J. L. Romero, M. L. Tincknell, N. T. Porile, Z. Caccia, A. Insolia, M. Gilkes, Andrew S. Hirsch, F. S. Bieser, C. P. McParland, P. Warren, K.L. Wolf, Sebastiano Albergo, J. O. Rasmussen, E. L. Hjort, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, A. Scott, F. P. Brady, Y. Choi, B. K. Srivastava, Y. Shao, Cristina Tuve, D. Keane, J. C. Kintner, J. A. Hauger, H. H. Wieman, H. G. Ritter, and Salvatore Costa

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Transverse momentum, Humanities
Abstract

J. L. Chance, F. P. Brady, J. L. Romero, S. Albergo, F. Bieser, Z. Caccia, D. Cebra, A. D. Chacon, Y. Choi,* S. Costa, J. B. Elliott, M. L. Gilkes, J. A. Hauger, A. S. Hirsch, E. L. Hjort, A. Insolia, M. Justice, D. Keane, J. C. Kintner, V. Lindenstruth, M. A. Lisa, H. S. Matis, M. McMahan, C. McParland, W. F. J. Muller, D. L. Olson, M. D. Partlan, N. T. Porile, R. Potenza, G. Rai, J. O. Rasmussen, H. G. Ritter, J. Romanski, G. V. Russo, H. Sann, R. Scharenberg, A. Scott, Y. Shao, B. K. Srivastava, T. J. M. Symons, M. Tincknell, C. Tuve, S. Wang, P. G. Warren, H. H. Wieman, T. Wienold, and K. Wolf

Published
2001

158. Multiplicity distribution and spectra of negatively charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at square root of (sNN) = 130 GeV

Author

C, Adler, Z, Ahammed, C, Allgower, J, Amonett, B D, Anderson, M, Anderson, G S, Averichev, J, Balewski, O, Barannikova, L S, Barnby, J, Baudot, S, Bekele, V V, Belaga, R, Bellwied, J, Berger, H, Bichsel, L C, Bland, C O, Blyth, B E, Bonner, R, Bossingham, A, Boucham, A, Brandin, H, Caines, M, Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, A, Cardenas, J, Carroll, J, Castillo, M, Castro, D, Cebra, S, Chattopadhyay, M L, Chen, Y, Chen, S P, Chernenko, M, Cherney, A, Chikanian, B, Choi, W, Christie, J P, Coffin, L, Conin, T M, Cormier, J G, Cramer, H J, Crawford, M, DeMello, W S, Deng, A A, Derevschikov, L, Didenko, J E, Draper, V B, Dunin, J C, Dunlop, V, Eckardt, L G, Efimov, V, Emelianov, J, Engelage, G, Eppley, B, Erazmus, P, Fachini, E, Finch, Y, Fisyak, D, Flierl, K J, Foley, J, Fu, N, Gagunashvili, J, Gans, L, Gaudichet, M, Germain, F, Geurts, V, Ghazikhanian, J, Grabski, O, Grachov, D, Greiner, V, Grigoriev, M, Guedon, E, Gushin, T J, Hallman, D, Hardtke, J W, Harris, M, Heffner, S, Heppelmann, T, Herston, B, Hippolyte, A, Hirsch, E, Hjort, G W, Hoffmann, M, Horsley, H Z, Huang, T J, Humanic, H, Hümmler, G, Igo, A, Ishihara, Y I, Ivanshin, P, Jacobs, W W, Jacobs, M, Janik, I, Johnson, P G, Jones, E, Judd, M, Kaneta, M, Kaplan, D, Keane, A, Kisiel, J, Klay, S R, Klein, A, Klyachko, A S, Konstantinov, L, Kotchenda, A D, Kovalenko, M, Kramer, P, Kravtsov, K, Krueger, C, Kuhn, A I, Kulikov, G J, Kunde, C L, Kunz, R K, Kutuev, A A, Kuznetsov, L, Lakehal-Ayat, J, Lamas-Valverde, M A, Lamont, J M, Landgraf, S, Lange, C P, Lansdell, B, Lasiuk, F, Laue, A, Lebedev, T, LeCompte, R, Lednický, V M, Leontiev, P, Leszczynski, M J, LeVine, Q, Li, S J, Lindenbaum, M A, Lisa, T, Ljubicic, W J, Llope, G, LoCurto, H, Long, R S, Longacre, M, Lopez-Noriega, W A, Love, D, Lynn, R, Majka, A, Maliszewski, S, Margetis, L, Martin, J, Marx, H S, Matis, Y A, Matulenko, T S, McShane, F, Meissner, Y, Melnick, A, Meschanin, M, Messer, M L, Miller, Z, Milosevich, N G, Minaev, J, Mitchell, V A, Moiseenko, D, Moltz, C F, Moore, V, Morozov, M M, de Moura, M G, Munhoz, G S, Mutchler, J M, Nelson, P, Nevski, V A, Nikitin, L V, Nogach, B, Norman, S B, Nurushev, G, Odyniec, A, Ogawa, V, Okorokov, M, Oldenburg, D, Olson, G, Paic, S U, Pandey, Y, Panebratsev, S Y, Panitkin, A I, Pavlinov, T, Pawlak, V, Perevoztchikov, W, Peryt, V A, Petrov, W, Pinganaud, E, Platner, J, Pluta, N, Porile, J, Porter, A M, Poskanzer, E, Potrebenikova, D, Prindle, C, Pruneau, S, Radomski, G, Rai, O, Ravel, R L, Ray, S V, Razin, D, Reichhold, J G, Reid, F, Retiere, A, Ridiger, H G, Ritter, J B, Roberts, O V, Rogachevski, J L, Romero, C, Roy, D, Russ, V, Rykov, I, Sakrejda, J, Sandweiss, A C, Saulys, I, Savin, J, Schambach, R P, Scharenberg, K, Schweda, N, Schmitz, L S, Schroeder, A, Schüttauf, J, Seger, D, Seliverstov, P, Seyboth, E, Shahaliev, K E, Shestermanov, S S, Shimanskii, V S, Shvetcov, G, Skoro, N, Smirnov, R, Snellings, J, Sowinski, H M, Spinka, B, Srivastava, E J, Stephenson, R, Stock, A, Stolpovsky, M, Strikhanov, B, Stringfellow, H, Stroebele, C, Struck, A A, Suaide, E, Sugarbaker, C, Suire, M, Sumbera, T J, Symons, A, Szanto De Toledo, P, Szarwas, J, Takahashi, A H, Tang, J H, Thomas, V, Tikhomirov, T A, Trainor, S, Trentalange, M, Tokarev, M B, Tonjes, V, Trofimov, O, Tsai, K, Turner, T, Ullrich, D G, Underwood, G, Van Buren, A M, VanderMolen, A, Vanyashin, I M, Vasilevski, A N, Vasiliev, S E, Vigdor, S A, Voloshin, F, Wang, H, Ward, J W, Watson, R, Wells, T, Wenaus, G D, Westfall, C, Whitten, H, Wieman, R, Willson, S W, Wissink, R, Witt, N, Xu, Z, Xu, A E, Yakutin, E, Yamamoto, J, Yang, P, Yepes, A, Yokosawa, V I, Yurevich, Y V, Zanevski, I, Zborovský, W M, Zhang, R, Zoulkarneev, and A N, Zubarev

Abstract

The minimum-bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons ( h(-)) in Au+Au interactions at square root of ([s(NN)]) = 130 GeV. The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dN(h(-))/d(eta)/(eta = 0) = 280+/-1(stat)+/-20(syst), an increase per participant of 38% relative to pp collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508+/-0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h(-) yield per participant is a strong function of p( perpendicular). The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within /eta/1.

Published
2001

159. Pion Interferometry of square root of (s(NN)) =130 GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC

Author

C, Adler, Z, Ahammed, C, Allgower, J, Amonett, B D, Anderson, M, Anderson, G S, Averichev, J, Balewski, O, Barannikova, L S, Barnby, J, Baudot, S, Bekele, V V, Belaga, R, Bellwied, J, Berger, H, Bichsel, L C, Bland, C O, Blyth, B E, Bonner, R, Bossingham, A, Boucham, A, Brandin, R V, Cadman, H, Caines, M, Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, A, Cardenas, J, Carroll, J, Castillo, M, Castro, D, Cebra, S, Chattopadhyay, M L, Chen, Y, Chen, S P, Chernenko, M, Cherney, A, Chikanian, B, Choi, W, Christie, J P, Coffin, L, Conin, T M, Cormier, J G, Cramer, H J, Crawford, M, DeMello, W S, Deng, A A, Derevschikov, L, Didenko, J E, Draper, V B, Dunin, J C, Dunlop, V, Eckardt, L G, Efimov, V, Emelianov, J, Engelage, G, Eppley, B, Erazmus, P, Fachini, V, Faine, E, Finch, Y, Fisyak, D, Flierl, K J, Foley, J, Fu, N, Gagunashvili, J, Gans, L, Gaudichet, M, Germain, F, Geurts, V, Ghazikhanian, J, Grabski, O, Grachov, D, Greiner, V, Grigoriev, M, Guedon, E, Gushin, T J, Hallman, D, Hardtke, J W, Harris, M, Heffner, S, Heppelmann, T, Herston, B, Hippolyte, A, Hirsch, E, Hjort, G W, Hoffmann, M, Horsley, H Z, Huang, T J, Humanic, H, Hümmler, G, Igo, A, Ishihara, Y I, Ivanshin, P, Jacobs, W W, Jacobs, M, Janik, I, Johnson, P G, Jones, E, Judd, M, Kaneta, M, Kaplan, D, Keane, A, Kisiel, J, Klay, S R, Klein, A, Klyachko, A S, Konstantinov, L, Kotchenda, A D, Kovalenko, M, Kramer, P, Kravtsov, K, Krueger, C, Kuhn, A I, Kulikov, G J, Kunde, C L, Kunz, R K, Kutuev, A A, Kuznetsov, L, Lakehal-Ayat, J, Lamas-Valverde, M A, Lamont, J M, Landgraf, S, Lange, C P, Lansdell, B, Lasiuk, F, Laue, A, Lebedev, T, LeCompte, R, Lednický, V M, Leontiev, M J, LeVine, Q, Li, S J, Lindenbaum, M A, Lisa, T, Ljubicic, W J, Llope, G, LoCurto, H, Long, R S, Longacre, M, Lopez-Noriega, W A, Love, D, Lynn, R, Majka, S, Margetis, L, Martin, J, Marx, H S, Matis, Y A, Matulenko, T S, McShane, F, Meissner, Y, Melnick, A, Meschanin, M, Messer, M L, Miller, Z, Milosevich, N G, Minaev, J, Mitchell, V A, Moiseenko, D, Moltz, C F, Moore, V, Morozov, M M, de Moura, M G, Munhoz, G S, Mutchler, J M, Nelson, P, Nevski, V A, Nikitin, L V, Nogach, B, Norman, S B, Nurushev, G, Odyniec, A, Ogawa, V, Okorokov, M, Oldenburg, D, Olson, G, Paic, S U, Pandey, Y, Panebratsev, S Y, Panitkin, A I, Pavlinov, T, Pawlak, V, Perevoztchikov, W, Peryt, V A, Petrov, W, Pinganaud, E, Platner, J, Pluta, N, Porile, J, Porter, A M, Poskanzer, E, Potrebenikova, D, Prindle, C, Pruneau, S, Radomski, G, Rai, O, Ravel, R L, Ray, S V, Razin, D, Reichhold, J G, Reid, F, Retiere, A, Ridiger, H G, Ritter, J B, Roberts, O V, Rogachevski, J L, Romero, C, Roy, D, Russ, V, Rykov, I, Sakrejda, J, Sandweiss, A C, Saulys, I, Savin, J, Schambach, R P, Scharenberg, K, Schweda, N, Schmitz, L S, Schroeder, A, Schüttauf, J, Seger, D, Seliverstov, P, Seyboth, E, Shahaliev, K E, Shestermanov, S S, Shimanskii, V S, Shvetcov, G, Skoro, N, Smirnov, R, Snellings, J, Sowinski, H M, Spinka, B, Srivastava, E J, Stephenson, R, Stock, A, Stolpovsky, M, Strikhanov, B, Stringfellow, H, Stroebele, C, Struck, A A, Suaide, E, Sugarbaker, C, Suire, M, Sumbera, T J, Symons, A, Szanto De Toledo, P, Szarwas, J, Takahashi, A H, Tang, J H, Thomas, V, Tikhomirov, T A, Trainor, S, Trentalange, M, Tokarev, M B, Tonjes, V, Trofimov, O, Tsai, K, Turner, T, Ullrich, D G, Underwood, G, Van Buren, A M, VanderMolen, A, Vanyashin, I M, Vasilevski, A N, Vasiliev, S E, Vigdor, S A, Voloshin, F, Wang, H, Ward, J W, Watson, R, Wells, T, Wenaus, G D, Westfall, C, Whitten, H, Wieman, R, Willson, S W, Wissink, R, Witt, N, Xu, Z, Xu, A E, Yakutin, E, Yamamoto, J, Yang, P, Yepes, A, Yokosawa, V I, Yurevich, Y V, Zanevski, I, Zborovský, W M, Zhang, R, Zoulkarneev, and A N, Zubarev

Abstract

Two-pion correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at square root of [s(NN)] = 130 GeV have been measured by the STAR (solenoidal tracker at RHIC) detector. The source size extracted by fitting the correlations grows with event multiplicity and decreases with transverse momentum. Anomalously large sizes or emission durations, which have been suggested as signals of quark-gluon plasma formation and rehadronization, are not observed. The Hanbury Brown-Twiss parameters display a weak energy dependence over a broad range in square root of [s(NN)].

Published
2001

160. Modulation of antigenicity of mycelial antigens during developmental cycle of Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) of wheat

Author

G, Rai, A, Kumar, A, Singh, and G K, Garg

Subjects
Antigens, Fungal, Basidiomycota, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Triticum, Plant Diseases
Abstract

Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed using polyclonal antibodies against soluble cytoplasmic (SCA) and insoluble cell wall antigens (ICWA) for monitoring modulation of mycelial antigens during growth cycle of T. indica. With SCA, continuous decrease in ELISA reactivity was observed in maturing fungus cultures, suggesting that SCA were expressed predominantly during early vegetative phase and their decreasing role was apparent as the fungus matures possibly towards sporogenous mycelium. In case of ICWA, the reaction profile showed an increase up to exponential phase of growth probably due to increase in the cell division and branching of mycelium. But later, ICWA antibody reactivity was decreased which may be due to conversion of mycelial phase to sporogenous phase, a quiescent stage of growth. Characterization of changes in antigenic configuration during developmental cycle of Tilletia indica by these antibodies could prove to be useful in identification of developmentally related and virulence marker(s).

Published
2001

161. Synthesis and biological activity of 6-substituted-3-[2-(5-substituted-2-furfurylidenehydrazino)-4-thiazolyl] coumarins

Author

B, Kalluraya, P, Vishwanatha, A M, Isloor, G, Rai, and M, Kotian

Subjects
Thiazoles, Hydrazines, Bacteria, Coumarins, Colony Count, Microbial, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

A series of coumarin-derivatives (5) were synthesized by the reaction of 5-substituted-2-furfuraldehyde thiosemicarbazones with 3-bromoacetyl-6-substituted coumarins. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their elemental analysis, NMR and mass spectral data. Some selected compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity employing disc diffusion technique.

Published
2001

162. Thermal phase transition in nuclear multifragmentation: The role of Coulomb energy and finite size

Author

D. L. Olson, Y. Shao, J. L. Romero, H. G. Ritter, J. Romanski, J. O. Rasmussen, V. Lindenstruth, M. A. Lisa, Z. Caccia, Antonio Insolia, F. P. Brady, M. D. Partlan, Sebastiano Albergo, H. Sann, Salvatore Costa, G. Rai, M. L. Gilkes, Renato Potenza, S. Wang, J. B. Elliott, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, Cristina Tuve, J. L. Chance, M. A. McMahan, D. Keane, C. P. McParland, A. Scott, J. A. Hauger, D. Cebra, M. L. Tincknell, B. K. Srivastava, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, N. T. Porile, Y. Choi, Andrew S. Hirsch, Wolfgang Müller, T. J. M. Symons, M. Justice, T. Wienold, P. Warren, A. D. Chacon, G.V. Russo, E. L. Hjort, H. H. Wieman, and J. C. Kintner

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Electric potential energy, Nuclear Theory, Breakup, Nuclear physics, Fragment size, Critical point (thermodynamics), Thermal, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Excitation
Abstract

A systematic analysis of the moments of the fragment size distribution has been carried out for the multifragmentation of $1A\mathrm{GeV}$ Au, La, and Kr on carbon. The breakup of Au and La is consistent with a continuous thermal phase transition. The data indicate that the excitation energy per nucleon and isotopic temperature at the critical point decrease with increasing system size. This trend is attributed primarily to the increasing Coulomb energy with finite size effects playing a smaller role.

Published
2001

163. Universality in fragment inclusive yields from Au+Au collisions

Author

F. P. Brady, James B. Elliott, Cristina Tuve, S. Wang, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, G. Rai, C. P. McParland, M. A. Lisa, A. D. Chacon, A. Insolia, R. P. Scharenberg, H. G. Ritter, H. S. Matis, Renato Potenza, M. Justice, Y. Shao, T. J. M. Symons, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, J. L. Romero, J. O. Rasmussen, H. H. Wieman, A. Scott, D. Keane, Z. Caccia, J. A. Hauger, Sebastiano Albergo, G.V. Russo, D. L. Olson, P. Warren, B. K. Srivastava, M. L. Gilkes, M. A. McMahan, M. D. Partlan, E. Hjort, Salvatore Costa, Y. Choi, Andrew S. Hirsch, M. L. Tincknell, N. T. Porile, and J. C. Kintner

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Projectile, Exponent, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, Power law, Effective nuclear charge, Universality (dynamical systems)
Abstract

The inclusive light fragment (Z⩽7) yield data in Au+Au reactions, measured by the EOS Collaboration at the LBNL Bevalac, are presented and discussed. For peripheral collisions the measured charge distributions develop progressively according to a power law which can be fitted by a single τ exponent independently of the bombarding energy in the range 250–1200 A MeV. In addition to this universal feature, we observe that the location of the maximum in the individual yields of different charged fragments shift towards lower multiplicity as the fragment charge increases from Z=3 to Z=7. This trend is common to all six measured beam energies. Moments of charge distributions and correlations among different moments are reported. Finally, the THe,DT thermometer has been constructed for central and peripheral collisions using the double yield ratios of He and D, T projectile fragments. The measured nuclear temperatures are in agreement with experimental findings in other fragmentation reactions.

Published
2001

164. Contamination of soil with helminth parasite eggs in Nepal

Author

S K, Rai, S, Uga, K, Ono, G, Rai, and T, Matsumura

Subjects
Soil, Nematoda, Nepal, Animals, Cestoda, Parasite Egg Count, Ovum
Abstract

Contamination of soil with helminth eggs in Kathmandu Valley (n=122) and outside of Valley (n=34) in Nepal was investigated with the use of centrifugal floatation technique using sucrose solution (sp gr 1.200). The overall soil contamination rate was 36.5% (57/156). The prevalence was uniform in Kathmandu Valley (36.9%) and outside of the valley (35.3%). A mean of six helminth eggs per sample were detected out of which more than half were embryonated (potentially infective). In Kathmandu Valley, soil contamination rate was higher (48.3%) during wet season compared with that observed in dry season (33.3%) but without significant difference (p0.05). Multiple species of helminth eggs were detected in 22.8% of total positive samples (n=57). Altogether five species of nematoda (Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocarta sp, Trichuris trichiura, Capillaria sp and Trichostrongylus sp) and two species of cestoda (Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta) were recovered. A. lumbricoides was predominant in Kathmandu Valley while Trichostrongylus was the commonest one in outside of valley.

Published
2000

165. Midrapidity antiproton-to-proton ratio from Au+Au collisions at sqrt [s(NN)]=130 GeV

Author

C, Adler, Z, Ahammed, C, Allgower, M, Anderson, G S, Averichev, J, Balewski, O, Barannikova, L S, Barnby, J, Baudot, S, Bekele, V V, Belaga, R, Bellwied, J, Berger, H, Bichsel, L C, Bland, C O, Blyth, B E, Bonner, R, Bossingham, A, Boucham, A, Brandin, H, Caines, M C, de la Barca Sánchez, A, Cardenas, J, Carroll, J, Castillo, M, Castro, D, Cebra, S, Chattopadhyay, M L, Chen, Y, Chen, S P, Chernenko, M, Cherney, A, Chikanian, B, Choi, W, Christie, J P, Coffin, L, Conin, T M, Cormier, J G, Cramer, H J, Crawford, M, DeMello, W S, Deng, A A, Derevschikov, L, Didenko, J E, Draper, V B, Dunin, J C, Dunlop, V, Eckardt, L G, Efimov, V, Emelianov, J, Engelage, G, Eppley, B, Erazmus, P, Fachini, M I, Ferguson, E, Finch, Y, Fisyak, D, Flierl, K J, Foley, N, Gagunashvili, J, Gans, M, Germain, F, Geurts, V, Ghazikhanian, J, Grabski, O, Grachov, D, Greiner, V, Grigoriev, E, Gushin, T J, Hallman, D, Hardtke, J W, Harris, M, Heffner, S, Heppelmann, T, Herston, B, Hippolyte, A, Hirsch, E, Hjort, G W, Hoffmann, M, Horsley, H Z, Huang, T J, Humanic, H, Hümmler, G J, Igo, A, Ishihara, Y I, Ivanshin, P, Jacobs, W W, Jacobs, M, Janik, I, Johnson, P G, Jones, E, Judd, M, Kaneta, M, Kaplan, D, Keane, A, Khodinov, A, Kisiel, J, Klay, S R, Klein, A, Klyachko, A S, Konstantinov, L, Kotchenda, A D, Kovalenko, M, Kramer, P, Kravtsov, K, Krueger, C, Kuhn, A I, Kulikov, G J, Kunde, C L, Kunz, R K, Kutuev, A A, Kuznetsov, J, Lamas-Valverde, M A, Lamont, J M, Landgraf, S, Lange, C P, Lansdell, B, Lasiuk, F, Laue, A, Lebedev, T, LeCompte, V M, Leontiev, P, Leszczynski, M J, LeVine, Q, Li, S J, Lindenbaum, M A, Lisa, T, Ljubicic, W J, Llope, G, LoCurto, H, Long, R S, Longacre, M, Lopez-Noriega, W A, Love, D, Lynn, L, Madansky, R, Majka, A, Maliszewski, S, Margetis, L, Martin, J, Marx, H S, Matis, Y A, Matulenko, T S, McShane, Y, Melnick, A, Meschanin, Z, Milosevich, N G, Minaev, J, Mitchell, V A, Moiseenko, D, Moltz, C F, Moore, V, Morozov, M M, de Moura, M G, Munhoz, G S, Mutchler, J M, Nelson, P, Nevski, V A, Nikitin, L V, Nogach, B, Norman, S B, Nurushev, J, Nystrand, G, Odyniec, A, Ogawa, C A, Ogilvie, M, Oldenburg, D, Olson, G, Paic, S U, Pandey, Y, Panebratsev, S Y, Panitkin, A I, Pavlinov, T, Pawlak, V, Perevoztchikov, W, Peryt, V A, Petrov, W, Pinganaud, E, Platner, J, Pluta, N, Porile, J, Porter, A M, Poskanzer, E, Potrebenikova, D, Prindle, C, Pruneau, S, Radomski, G, Rai, O, Ravel, R L, Ray, S V, Razin, D, Reichhold, J, Reid, F, Retiere, A, Ridiger, H G, Ritter, J B, Roberts, O V, Rogachevski, C, Roy, D, Russ, V, Rykov, I, Sakrejda, J, Sandweiss, A C, Saulys, I, Savin, J, Schambach, R P, Scharenberg, N, Schmitz, L S, Schroeder, A, Schüttauf, J, Seger, D, Seliverstov, P, Seyboth, K E, Shestermanov, S S, Shimanskii, V S, Shvetcov, G, Skoro, N, Smirnov, R, Snellings, J, Sowinski, H M, Spinka, B, Srivastava, E J, Stephenson, R, Stock, A, Stolpovsky, M, Strikhanov, B, Stringfellow, H, Stroebele, C, Struck, A A, Suaide, E, Sugarbaker, C, Suire, T J, Symons, A, Szanto de Toledo, P, Szarwas, J, Takahashi, A H, Tang, J H, Thomas, V, Tikhomirov, T, Trainor, S, Trentalange, M, Tokarev, M B, Tonjes, V, Trofimov, O, Tsai, K, Turner, T, Ullrich, D G, Underwood, G, Van Buren, A M, VanderMolen, A, Vanyashin, I M, Vasilevski, A N, Vasiliev, S E, Vigdor, S A, Voloshin, F, Wang, H, Ward, R, Wells, T, Wenaus, G D, Westfall, C, Whitten, H, Wieman, R, Willson, S W, Wissink, R, Witt, N, Xu, Z, Xu, A E, Yakutin, E, Yamamoto, J, Yang, P, Yepes, A, Yokosawa, V I, Yurevich, Y V, Zanevski, J, Zhang, W M, Zhang, R, Zoulkarneev, and A N, Zubarev

Abstract

We report results on the ratio of midrapidity antiproton-to-proton yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)] = 130 GeV per nucleon pair as measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Within the rapidity and transverse momentum range of /y/0.5 and 0.4p(t)1.0 GeV/c, the ratio is essentially independent of either transverse momentum or rapidity, with an average of 0.65+/-0.01((stat))+/-0.07((syst)) for minimum bias collisions. Within errors, no strong centrality dependence is observed. The results indicate that at this RHIC energy, although the p-p pair production becomes important at midrapidity, a significant excess of baryons over antibaryons is still present.

Published
2000

166. Pion Imaging at the AGS

Author

S. Wang, S. Gushue, Z. Milosevich, D. L. Olson, W. Caskey, N. N. Ajitanand, F. P. Brady, Kenneth M. Crowe, M. A. Lisa, M. Justice, Y. M. Liu, Lei Huo, Brian Cole, R. Witt, C. Pinkenburg, T. Wienold, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, B. K. Srivastava, Morton Kaplan, J. C. Kintner, Xiaodong Yang, N. T. B. Stone, A. S. Hirsch, T. J. M. Symons, S. Y. Panitkin, N. T. Porile, J. Whitfield, E. Hjort, G. Odyniec, L. S. Schroeder, T. Case, Y. Zhang, R. L. McGrath, M. L. Gilkes, L. Wood, James Alexander, J. L. Romero, Russell Wells, H. Liu, J. E. Draper, A. C. Das, H. G. Ritter, J. L. Klay, Roy A. Lacey, M. Heffner, W. N. Zhang, Michael W. Anderson, R. P. Scharenberg, G. Rai, D. Keane, P. Chung, D. Best, and David Krofcheck

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Pion, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Source imaging analysis was performed on two-pion correlations in central Au + Au collisions at beam energies between 2 and 8$A$ GeV. We apply the imaging technique by Brown and Danielewicz, which allows a model-independent extraction of source functions with useful accuracy out to relative pion separations of about 20 fm. We found that extracted source functions have Gaussian shapes. Values of source functions at zero separation are almost constant across the energy range under study. Imaging results are found to be consistent with conventional source parameters obtained from a multidimensional HBT analysis., Talk given at Bologna 2000 - Structure of the Nucleus at the Dawn of the Century, Bologna, Italia, May 29 - June 3, 2000

Published
2000

167. Directed flow of lambda hyperons in (2-6 )A GeV Au+Au collisions

Author

P, Chung, N N, Ajitanand, J M, Alexander, M, Anderson, D, Best, F P, Brady, T, Case, W, Caskey, D, Cebra, J L, Chance, B, Cole, K, Crowe, A, Das, J E, Draper, M L, Gilkes, S, Gushue, M, Heffner, A S, Hirsch, E L, Hjort, L, Huo, M, Justice, M, Kaplan, D, Keane, J C, Kintner, J, Klay, D, Krofcheck, R A, Lacey, J, Lauret, M A, Lisa, H, Liu, Y M, Liu, R, McGrath, Z, Milosevich, G, Odyniec, D L, Olson, S Y, Panitkin, C, Pinkenburg, N T, Porile, G, Rai, H G, Ritter, J L, Romero, R, Scharenberg, L, Schroeder, B, Srivastava, N T, Stone, T J, Symons, T, Wienold, R, Witt, J, Whitfield, L, Wood, and W N, Zhang

Abstract

Directed flow measurements for Lambda hyperons are presented and compared to those for protons produced in the same Au+Au collisions (2A, 4A, and 6A GeV; b5-6 fm). The measurements indicate that Lambda hyperons flow consistently in the same direction but with smaller magnitudes. A strong positive flow [for Lambdas] has been predicted in calculations which include the influence of the Lambda-nucleon potential. The experimental flow ratio Lambda/p is in qualitative agreement with expectations (approximately 2/3) from the quark counting rule at 2A GeV but is found to decrease with increasing beam energy.

Published
2000

168. Two-stage multifragmentation of1AGeV Kr, La, and Au

Author

J. L. Romero, A. Scott, C. P. McParland, P. Warren, E. L. Hjort, Y. Shao, H. H. Wieman, J. A. Hauger, J. C. Kintner, B. K. Srivastava, J. O. Rasmussen, H. Sann, H. G. Ritter, V. Lindenstruth, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, M. D. Partlan, M. A. McMahan, Renato Potenza, J. B. Elliott, A. Insolia, F. P. Brady, T. Wienold, Y. Choi, Wolfgang Müller, G.V. Russo, M. L. Tincknell, N. T. Porile, M. L. Gilkes, D. L. Olson, T. J. M. Symons, J. L. Chance, Sebastiano Albergo, D. Cebra, Salvatore Costa, S. Wang, J. Romanski, Cristina Tuve, Z. Caccia, M. Justice, M. A. Lisa, Andrew S. Hirsch, A. D. Chacon, G. Rai, D. Keane, F. S. Bieser, and K.L. Wolf

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Krypton, chemistry.chemical_element, Charge density, Electric charge, Charged particle, Effective nuclear charge, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Cascade, Atomic physics, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, Excitation
Abstract

Multifragmentation in fully reconstructed events from 1A GeV Kr and La collisions with C has been studied. Results are compared with similar data for 1A GeV Au+C. The emitted charged particles and fragments are identified with emission from either a prompt first stage or a second stage in which the remnant resulting from the first stage breaks up. The nuclear charge, mass, and excitation energy distributions of the remnant are determined. The total charged multiplicity, as well as those of the first and second stages are obtained. Freeze-out temperatures and thermal excitation energy permit the determination of the caloric curve. The fragment charge distribution as well as the IMF multiplicity distribution and those of individual fragments are obtained. The various results are examined as to the extent of universal behavior when scaled for varying system size. Comparisons are made with intranuclear cascade and statistical multifragmentation model calculations. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

Published
2000

169. Model-independent source imaging using two-pion correlations in (2 to 8)a GeV Au+Au collisions

Author

S Y, Panitkin, N N, Ajitanand, J, Alexander, M, Anderson, D, Best, F P, Brady, T, Case, W, Caskey, D, Cebra, J, Chance, P, Chung, B, Cole, K, Crowe, A, Das, J, Draper, M, Gilkes, S, Gushue, M, Heffner, A, Hirsch, E, Hjort, L, Huo, M, Justice, M, Kaplan, D, Keane, J, Kintner, J, Klay, D, Krofcheck, R, Lacey, J, Lauret, M A, Lisa, H, Liu, Y M, Liu, R, McGrath, Z, Milosevich, G, Odyniec, D, Olson, C, Pinkenburg, N, Porile, G, Rai, H G, Ritter, J, Romero, R, Scharenberg, L S, Schroeder, B, Srivastava, N T, Stone, T J, Symons, S, Wang, R, Wells, J, Whitfield, T, Wienold, R, Witt, L, Wood, X, Yang, W N, Zhang, Y, Zhang, D A, Brown, and P, Danielewicz

Abstract

We report a particle source imaging analysis based on two-pion correlations in high multiplicity Au+Au collisions at beam energies between 2A and 8A GeV. We apply the imaging technique introduced by Brown and Danielewicz, which allows a model-independent extraction of source functions with useful accuracy out to relative pion separations of about 20 fm. The extracted source functions have Gaussian shapes. Values of source functions at zero separation are almost constant across the energy range under study. Imaging results are found to be consistent with conventional source parameters obtained from a multidimensional Hanburg-Brown-Twiss analysis.

Published
2000

170. Toxoplasma antibody prevalence in Nepalese pregnant women and women with bad obstetric history

Author

S K, Rai, H, Shibata, K, Sumi, G, Rai, N, Rai, R, Manandhar, G, Gurung, K, Ono, S, Uga, A, Matsuoka, H G, Shrestha, and T, Matsumura

Subjects
Adult, Age Distribution, Adolescent, Nepal, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Ethnicity, Antibodies, Protozoan, Humans, Female, Reproductive History, Toxoplasmosis
Abstract

Sera from randomly selected 345 pregnant Nepalese women aged 16-36 years and 13 women with bad obstetric history (BOH) were tested for the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies using microlatex agglutination (MLA) and ELISA methods. The overall prevalence was 55.4% (191/345). Prevalence was slightly higher (59.0%) in older age-group (27-36 years) compared with younger age-group (16-26 years) (52.2%). No significant difference in antibody prevalence in women belonging to two different ethnic-groups (Tibeto-Burmans 57.8%, Indo-Aryans 52.7%) was observed (p0.05). MLA antibody titer ranged from 1:16 to 1:2,048. Over three-fourth of the women showed either high (1:510 or over) or low (1:16 or 1:32) antibody titer. Three percent (6/191) of MLA antibody positive subjects had Toxoplasma IgM antibodies by IgM-ELISA. All six IgM antibody positive pregnant women had MLA antibody titer of over 1:510. Of the total 13 women with BOH, 5 (38.5%) had Toxoplasma antibodies of which 2 (40.0%) were positive for Toxoplasma-IgM antibodies.

Published
2000

171. Low power shaper amplifier for the EOS TPC detector

Author

D.A. Landis, M. Nakamura, and G. Rai

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Preamplifier, business.industry, Amplifier, Capacitive sensing, Detector, Electrical engineering, Driver circuit, law.invention, Capacitor, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Resistor, business, Electronic circuit
Abstract

A shaper amplifier designed for low power and small size, which are important requisites for the equation of state (EOS) time projection chamber (TPC) detector, is described. The shaper amplifier produces a semi-Gaussian pulse with a peaking time of 210 ns. It dissipates less than 35 mW and has a gain of 4.5. A unique driver circuit capable of driving large capacitive loads and yet requiring low standby current is introduced. >

Published
1991

172. Comparison of the 1AGeV197Au+C interaction with first-stage transport codes

Author

M. L. Tincknell, M. A. McMahan, N. T. Porile, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, G. Rai, Wolfgang Müller, Pawel Danielewicz, Antonio Insolia, Z. Caccia, Y. Choi, S. Wang, Salvatore Costa, T. Wienold, J. O. Rasmussen, V. Lindenstruth, T. J. M. Symons, M. Justice, H. H. Wieman, A. D. Chacon, J. C. Kintner, M. A. Lisa, J. L. Romero, A. Scott, C. P. McParland, D. Keane, M. D. Partlan, Andrew S. Hirsch, G.V. Russo, H. Sann, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, J. L. Chance, Renato Potenza, D. Cebra, M. L. Gilkes, J. B. Elliott, F. P. Brady, Sebastiano Albergo, D. L. Olson, H. G. Ritter, J. Romanski, Cristina Tuve, P. Warren, J. A. Hauger, E. L. Hjort, B. K. Srivastava, and Y. Shao

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cascade, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear reaction analysis, Nuclear Theory, Monte Carlo method, Transport theory, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spectral line
Abstract

The properties of the remnant resulting from the emission of prompt particles in the interaction of 1A GeV {sup 197}Au+C interactions have been compared with intranuclear cascade and Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenback transport calculations. The number of first-stage particles and the energy spectra of first-stage protons are also compared. Both models can fit the general but not the detailed features of the data. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.

Published
1999

173. Measuring centrality with slow protons in proton-nucleus collisions at 18 GeV/c

Author

Yanxi Zhang, M. Moulson, Kenneth Francis Read, A. D. Frawley, M. Justice, Richard C. Fernow, Y. H. Shin, R. L. McGrath, G. Rai, D. Winter, W. A. Zajc, V. Cianciolo, N. Maeda, Y. Torun, L. P. Remsberg, D. P. Morrison, R. A. Soltz, I. Chemakin, H. Hiejima, B. A. Cole, E. P. Hartouni, J. H. Kang, M. N. Namboodiri, Harold Kirk, S. Sorensen, M. Rosati, M. L. Gilkes, Saskia Mioduszewski, J. H. Thomas, S. Gushue, and X. Yang

Subjects
Systematic error, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Deuterium, Computer Science::Multimedia, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Centrality, Nucleus, Event generator
Abstract

Experiment E910 has measured slow protons and deuterons from collisions of 18 $\mathrm{GeV}/c$ protons with Be, Cu, and Au targets at the BNL AGS. These correspond to the ``grey tracks'' first observed in emulsion experiments. We report on their momentum and angular distributions and investigate their use in measuring the centrality of a collision, as defined by the mean number of projectile-nucleon interactions. The relation between the measured ${N}_{\mathrm{grey}}$ and the mean number of interactions $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}{(N}_{\mathrm{grey}})$ is studied using several simple models, one newly proposed, as well as the RQMD event generator. RQMD is shown to reproduce the ${N}_{\mathrm{grey}}$ distribution, and exhibits a dependence of ${N}_{\mathrm{grey}}$ on centrality that is similar to the behavior of the simple models. We find a strong linear dependence of $\overline{{N}_{\mathrm{grey}}}$ on $\ensuremath{\nu}$, with a constant of proportionality that varies with target. For the Au target, we report a relative systematic error for extracting $\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}{(N}_{\mathrm{grey}})$ that lies between 10 and 20 % over all ${N}_{\mathrm{grey}}.$

Published
1999

174. The Bombarding Energy Dependence of π- Inteferometry at the Ags

Author

Xiaodong Yang, A. S. Hirsch, J. L. Romero, G. Rai, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, I. Chemakin, J. Klay, D. Best, B. Caskey, K.M. Crowe, N. T. B. Stone, E. LeBras, R. Witt, David Krofcheck, P. Brady, S. Gushue, Y. M. Liu, T. Case, R. Wells, D. L. Olson, R. Soltz, Yanxi Zhang, C. Pinkenburg, D. Keane, P. Chung, L. S. Schroeder, V. Cianciolo, S. Wang, M. A. Lisa, L. Wood, N. N. Ajitanand, S. Y. Panitkin, J. E. Draper, R. Scharenburg, M. Justice, N. T. Porile, M. Heffner, B. K. Srivastava, Brian Cole, R. L. McGrath, T. J. M. Symons, H. Hiejima, J. C. Kintner, A. C. Das, H. Liu, Roy A. Lacey, J. Whitfield, T. Wienold, Morton Kaplan, James Alexander, H. G. Ritter, J. Lauret, M. Gilkes, E. L. Hjort, Lei Huo, and W. M. Zhang

Subjects
Excitation function, Nuclear physics, Physics, Correlation function (statistical mechanics), Time projection chamber, Reaction dynamics, Nuclear Theory, Plasma, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing), Intensity (physics)
Abstract

We present a preliminary excitation function of π - intensity inteferometry at AGS energies (2-8 AGeV). The sensitivity of the multidimensional correlation functions to both the geometry and dynamics of the hot pionemitting system provide a stringent test of transport models of heavy ion collisions. Detailed comparisons are performed with the RQMD transport model, both with and without an explicit nuclear meanfield. These comparisons suggest that the evolution in the reaction dynamics with beam energy is different in the model and the data. A suggested signal of the onset of the transition to quark-gluon plasma in the inteferometry excitation function is not observed.

Published
1999

175. Universality in Fragment Inclusive Yields from Au + Au Collisions

Author

A. Insolia, C. Tuvè, S. Albergo, F. Bieser, F. P. Brady, Z. Caccia, D. Cebra, A. D. Chacon, J. L. Chance, Y. Choi, S. Costa, J. B. Elliott, M. Gilkes, J. A. Hauger, A. S. Hirsch, E. L. Hjort, M. Justice, D. Keane, J. Kintner, M. Lisa, H. S. Matis, M. McMahan, C. McParland, D. L. Olson, M. D. Partlan, N. T. Porile, R. Potenza, G. Rai, J. Rasmussen, H. G. Ritter, J. L. Romero, G. V. Russo, R. Scharenberg, A. Scott, Y. Shao, B. K. Srivastava, T. J. M. Symons, M. L. Tincknell, S. Wang, P. G. Warren, H. H. Wieman, and K. L. Wolf

Published
1999

177. The E895 π− Correlation Analysis — A Status Report

Author

Lei Huo, W. M. Zhang, S. Y. Panitkin, Y. M. Liu, S. Wang, M. L. Gilkes, T. J. M. Symons, J. E. Draper, R. Scharenburg, E. Hjort, T. Case, R. Witt, T. Wienold, D. Keane, P. Chung, James Alexander, E. LeBras, Morton Kaplan, B. K. Srivastava, A. C. Das, N. T. Porile, Z. Milosevic, L. Wood, Russell Wells, H. Liu, Roy A. Lacey, G. Rai, R. L. McGrath, N. N. Ajitanand, H. G. Ritter, J. L. Romero, M. Heffner, D. Best, N. T. B. Stone, Xiaodong Yang, L. S. Schroeder, David Krofcheck, A. S. Hirsch, I. Chemakin, B. Caskey, J. Whitfield, V. Cianciolo, Kenneth M. Crowe, R. Soltz, H. Hiejima, J. C. Kintner, Y. Zhang, M. Justice, J. Lauret, D. L. Olson, M. A. Lisa, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, C. Pinkenburg, P. Brady, S. Gushue, and Brian Cole

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Nucleation, Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), Plasma, Status report, Ion, Nuclear physics, Correlation function, Correlation analysis, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A primary goal of high-enery heavy ion physics is to create and study the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a phase of matter in which partonic- instead of hadronic- degrees of freedom describe the system. Several transport, hydrodynamic, and nucleation theories1,2,3,4 suggest that energy densities achieved in central collisions between heavy ions at AGS energies may be sufficient to create the QGP.

Published
1998

178. The search for the scaling function in the multifragmentation of gold nuclei

Author

H. Sann, Sebastiano Albergo, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, Y. Choi, Wolfgang Müller, Cristina Tuve, C. P. McParland, Renato Potenza, H. H. Wieman, J. B. Elliott, D. Keane, J. Romanski, M. A. Lisa, A. Scott, Z. Caccia, H. G. Ritter, M. A. McMahan, F. P. Brady, D. L. Olson, J. L. Romero, M. Justice, T. Wienold, Andrew S. Hirsch, G. Rai, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, J. C. Kintner, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, J. O. Rasmussen, S. Wang, V. Lindenstruth, J. A. Hauger, Antonio Insolia, M. L. Gilkes, A. D. Chacon, M. D. Partlan, G.V. Russo, T. J. M. Symons, P. Warren, E. L. Hjort, B. K. Srivastava, Y. Shao, M. L. Tincknell, N. T. Porile, and Salvatore Costa

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Basis (linear algebra), Critical phenomena, Universal curve, Nuclear Theory, Function (mathematics), Nuclear Experiment, Scaling, Critical exponent, Excitation
Abstract

It is shown that thermodynamic scaling when applied to systems with few (∼150) constituents, in accordance with the theory of critical phenomena, is observed in nuclear multifragmentation. Yields of different nuclear fragments, obtained over a wide range of excitation energies, collapse with some scatter onto a universal curve. This curve is the nuclear scaling function, which is intimately related to the free energy of the system. The determination of the scaling function forms the basis for quantitatively predicting the critical behavior in nuclei.

Published
1998

179. A Detailed Comparison of Exclusive 1 GeV a Au on C Data with the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM)

Author

K.L. Wolf, Y. Shao, J. A. Hauger, S. Costa, S. Wang, H. Sann, J. B. Elliott, R. P. Scharenberg, A. Scott, H. G. Ritter, H. S. Matis, V. Lindenstruth, M. L. Gilkes, J. Romanski, F. P. Brady, Y. Choi, M. D. Partlan, S. Albergo, J. O. Rasmussen, B. K. Srivastava, M. Justice, T. J. M. Symons, C. P. McParland, A. S. Hirsch, H. H. Wieman, R. Potenza, Z. Caccia, D. L. Olson, Antonio Insolia, J. C. Kintner, G. Rai, A. D. Chacon, M. A. McMahan, F. Bieser, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, M. A. Lisa, C. Tuve, Giulia Russo, P. Warren, E. L. Hjort, Wolfgang Müller, M. L. Tincknell, N. T. Porile, and J. L. Romero

Subjects
Physics, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Fragmentation (computing), Multiplicity (mathematics), Charge (physics), Event (particle physics), Excitation, Charged particle
Abstract

The mimimum requirement for a meaningful comparison of the 1 GeV Au on C data with the SMM1 predications is that the mass AR the charge Z R , and the excitation energy E x of the multifragmenting system be determined on an event by event basis. This can only be done if a full reconstruction of the collision is possible for each event. The EOS data2–4 provides a complete charge and momentum reconstruction for every event. Average fragment masses are determined. The basic remnant information A R (ZR, EX) is also used as input information for the SMM calculation. Thus a fragmentation event produced by SMM consists of M2s fragments with masses A F and charge Z F. A data fragmentation event consists of M2D fragments with mass A F and charge Z F . Since the remnant mass A R = A AU - M1 where M1 is the collisional particle multiplicity, it is convenient to introduce the total charged particle multiplicity M T for both the SMM predictions and the data. M T = M 2s + M1 for the SMM events and M T = M 2D + M1 for the Au on C events.

Published
1998

180. Dynamics of the Multifragmentation of the Remnant Produced in 1 A GeV Au + C Collisions

Author

Antonio Insolia, S. Costa, Y. Shao, J. O. Rasmussen, M. L. Gilkes, H. Sann, F. P. Brady, P. Warren, D. Keane, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, J. B. Elliott, E. L. Hjort, R. Potenza, M. L. Tincknell, A. Scott, N. T. Porile, J. C. Kintner, J. A. Hauger, G. Rai, M. A. Lisa, C. Tuve, M. A. McMahan, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, B. K. Srivastava, Y. Choi, C. P. McParland, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, J. Romanski, H. H. Wieman, T. Wienold, M. Justice, J. L. Romero, A. D. Chacon, Z. Caccia, D. L. Olson, S. Albergo, Giulia Russo, A. S. Hirsch, Wolfgang Müller, T. J. M. Symons, M. D. Partlan, S. Wang, H. G. Ritter, and V. Lindenstruth

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electric potential energy, Nuclear Theory, Dynamics (mechanics), Radial flow, Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Caloric curve
Abstract

We supplement a recent study of the dynamics of the multifragmentation of the remnant of 1A GeV Au + C collisions by (1) providing a more complete characterization of the remnant and (2) performing a more detailed analysis of collective radial flow and exploring its consequences for the caloric curve.

Published
1998

181. Recent developments on the STAR detector system at RHIC

Author

R. Badalian, A. Pavluk, G. Eppley, M. Tokarev, A. Ioukaev, K. Turner, A. A. Kuznetsov, V. Avdeichikov, B. V. Chujko, L. Soloviev, D. J. Prindle, V. Odintsov, N. N. Biswas, H. M. Spinka, D. Pilipenko, J. Pluta, Vladimir Kaplin, M. Pentia, V. Vasiliev, A. Szanto de Toledo, E. J. Stephenson, W. N. Haberichter, M. A. Lisa, M. Aluyshin, N. Amelin, Craig Tull, C. Ogilivie, Y. Panebratsev, N. Piskunov, H. H. Wieman, I. Kossarev, F. Moore, Ivan Kotov, J. Slaughter, G. Rai, W. M. Zhang, J. Riso, N Fadeev, R. Eremeev, E. Sugarbaker, O. D. Tsay, H. Agakishiev, L. Kotchenda, A. Feshchenko, A. P. Meschanin, Joakim Nystrand, A. Aluyshin, J. L. Chance, T. Pawlak, L. Muresan, T. Rinckel, D. Hill, J. H. Thomas, R. Matheus, M. Runco, V. Tikhonov, R. K. Kutuev, K. N. Barish, L. Smykov, L. Greiner, D. Cebra, S. Trentalange, M. Shafranov, V. E. Viola, A. A. Rollefson, H. Nann, G. Smirnov, J. M. Nelson, E. G. Judd, P. J. Riley, J. T.M. Chrin, J. Engelage, S. R. Klein, C. Brown, B. Miller, R. Wells, L. C. Bland, E. Matushevsky, G. Odyniec, G. S. Averichev, A. Grachov, A. I. Pavlinov, R. Bossingham, W.R. Edwards, W. Peryt, N. Slavin, William Jacobs, D. D. Weerasundara, K. Medved, R. Muresan, A. Shabunov, Donald C. Wold, N. Hill, G. Skoro, David Lynn, L. Madansky, J. R. Hall, L. Kolobashkina, J. W. Watson, A. M. Poskanzer, V. Krivokhizhin, A. C. Das, E. Strokovsky, R. P. Scharenberg, A. Yokosawa, V.L. Rykov, Thomas LeCompte, D. Peshekhonov, V. Ladygin, M. Strikhanov, N. Zhidkov, A. Sustich, M. Krämer, U. Garg, D. Rhrich, S. VanderMolen, M. Cherney, Thomas Michael Cormier, F. S. Bieser, A.A. Dereschikov, H. S. Matis, A. Ridiger, J. Hoffmann, V. Emelianov, A. I. Mysnick, A. Vanyashin, W. A. Love, D. Keane, W. Chen, P. Nevski, I. Sakrejda, Morton Kaplan, A. M. Davidenko, R. Stock, Wilfred J. Braithwaite, R. D. Majka, Alexander Kovalenko, B. D. Anderson, D.E. Greiner, M. L. Gilkes, G. Ott, S. Somov, J. Sandweiss, S. U. Pandey, Peter Graham Jones, K. J. Foley, J. Schambach, E. L. Hjort, T. Ullrich, Victor Zhiltsov, S. Heppelmann, K. Kwiatkowski, C. O. Blyth, N. Stone, E. Schäfer, R. Mekhdiev, B. K. Srivastava, Fuqiang Wang, A. Kolomyichenko, L. E. Price, Spiros Margetis, Alan J. DeWeerd, YI Arestov, J. W. Harris, T. Tustonic, Yu.V. Zanevsky, S. Bennett, V. I. Belousov, N. Carlin, N.D. Gagunashvili, L. Didenko, G.S. Mutchler, N.I. Belikov, J. E. Draper, C. Consiglio, J. L. Romero, V. Erin, A. Lebedev, N. Kouzmine, E. Protrenbenikova, D. G. Underwood, D. Seliverstov, Ian Duck, V. I. Yurevich, D. Best, B. E. Bonner, P. Middlekamp, Ani Aprahamian, N. G. Minaev, C.W. Ford, A. Bacher, Peter Martin Jacobs, A. Etkin, A. Oltchak, N. Smirnoff, H. J. Crawford, L. Wood, G. A. Ososkov, E. Gushin, G. J. Kunde, P. Kravtsov, R.C. Jared, P. Yepes, V. Eckardt, R. W. Hackenburg, G. T. Anderson, S.A. Akimenko, S. B. Nurushev, Z. Milosevich, Marek Gazdzicki, M. J. LeVine, Norbert Schmitz, Y. Fisyak, A. Ogawa, S. E. Vigdor, J. Marx, J. Sedlmeir, T. J. Hallman, T. J. M. Symons, Lanny Ray, A.V. Shalnov, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, J.M. Cameron, J. Sowinski, Torre Wenaus, Petr Nomokonov, V. Faine, Vladimir Peshekhonov, Andrey Vasiliev, Nu Xu, A. Ljubicic, A. R. Baldwin, Thomas A. Trainor, A. Chalyguine, C. A. Whitten, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Claude Andre Pruneau, H. Bichsel, E. Platner, W. Christie, S. W. Wissink, R. L. Brown, O. V. Fateev, M. Schulz, J. Musulmanbekov, P. Seyboth, R. Zoulkarneev, L. S. Schroeder, Q. Li, H. G. Ritter, D. L. Olson, S. P. Chernenko, H. Z. Huang, V. Grigoriev, V. Trofimov, E. Nikonov, W. J. Llope, S. V. Razin, R. Bellwied, A. S. Konstantinov, J. Carroll, T. Kasprzyk, K. Kadija, H. Caines, K. Wilson, S. S. Shimanskiy, G. D. Westfall, J. Bielecki, K. Kinder-Geiger, V. Ghazikhanian, Jay Roberts, G.E. Cooper, A. C. Saulys, S. Panitkin, V. Batourine, O. Gavrichtchouk, P. Aslanyan, A. Karev, Andrew S. Hirsch, B. Lasiuk, V. V. Mitsyn, H. Strbele, V. A. Nikitin, K. E. Shestermanov, V. Budilov, V. Vasendina, F. P. Brady, J. W. Dawson, K. Komisarcik, I. Roufanov, J. G. Cramer, H. Ward, Paul J. Karol, T. S. McShane, A. Karakash, D. Vranic, T. J. Humanic, Guy Paic, A. Chikanian, I.A. Savin, J. Mitchell, N. T. Porile, Nemitala Added, V. J. Guarino, Yu A. Matulenko, S. Vorozhtsov, B. Stringfellow, M. Shafranova, D. L. Adams, W. Dominik, R. S. Longacre, Z. Usubov, E.M. Szanto, G. Igo, P. Fachini, and P. Jensen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Particle accelerator, Cosmic ray, STAR detector system, TPC cosmic ray testing, RHIC collider, Particle detector, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Hermetic detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, National laboratory, Nuclear Experiment, STAR detector
Abstract

A progress report is given for the various components of the STAR detector system. We report on the recent developments in the detector proto-typing and construction, with an emphasis on the main TPC, recent TPC cosmic ray testing and shipping to Brookhaven National Laboratory

Published
1998

182. H Dibaryon Search in p-A Collisions at the AGS

Author

G. Rai, R. A. Soltz, A. D. Frawley, M. Gilkes, Y. Torun, Y. H. Shin, M. Moulson, Kenneth Francis Read, Richard C. Fernow, S. Sorenson, D. Keane, M. Rosati, E. P. Hartouni, H. Hiejima, D. P. Morrison, D. Winter, Xiaodong Yang, N. Maeda, R. L. McGrath, L. R. Remsberg, W. A. Zajc, M. Kreisler, Ju Hwan Kang, Brian Cole, V. Cianciolo, N. Namboodiri, Saskia Mioduszewski, I. Chemakin, Yanxi Zhang, J. H. Thomas, S. Gushue, M. Justice, and H.G. Kirk

Subjects
Physics, Time of flight detector, Spectrometer, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Tracking (particle physics), Collision, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Momentum, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Experiment 910 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS accelerator is a study of proton-nucleus collisions using 6, 12.5 and 18 GeV/c proton beams. E910 was designed to have close to 100% acceptance, and to provide a large enough data sample to allow particle production to be studied as a function of collision “centrality”. The E910 spectrometer is built around a large TPC, as shown schematically in fig. 1. Because the TPC does not provide good particle identification or momentum resolution at high momentum, these are obtained by including downstream tracking, a time of flight detector and a Cherenkov detector.

Published
1998

184. Excitation Energy and Temperature in the Multifragmentation of 1 GeV/Nucleon Au+C

Author

A. S. Hirsch, H. G. Ritter, S. Albergo, A. Scott, M. A. McMahan, M. L. Tincknell, Antonio Insolia, N. T. Porile, Wolfgang Müller, R. P. Scharenberg, B. K. Srivastava, H. S. Matis, M. L. Gilkes, Y. Choi, S. Wang, U. Lynen, Z. Caccia, F. P. Brady, J. A. Hauger, D. L. Olson, J. B. Elliott, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, J. L. Romero, C. P. McParland, T. Wienold, M. D. Partlan, A. D. Chacon, M. Justice, P. Warren, Y. Shao, S. Costa, E. L. Hjort, H. Sann, C. Tuve, Giulia Russo, H. Wieman, M. A. Lisa, V. Lindenstruth, D. Keane, G. Rai, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, T. J. M. Symons, J. C. Kintner, J. O. Rasmussen, R. Potenza, and J. Romanski

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Phase transition, Mass distribution, Excited state, Nuclear Theory, Binding energy, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Nuclear matter
Abstract

Multifragmentation (MF) is the break-up of colliding nuclei into many species of lighter nuclei, particularly intermediate mass fragments (IMF’s) with 3 ≤ Z IMF ≤ 30 [1]. MF occurs in many different kinds of nuclear reactions when the excitation energy per nucleon is comparable to the nucleon binding energy. At lower excitation energy, a compound nucleus is formed, which decays by evaporation of a few light particles (primarily neutrons, protons, and alphas), leaving a large residual nucleus that contains most of the original mass. At higher energy, the excited system decomposes entirely into light particles. As excitation energy increases, the final mass yields start at low excitation with a double structure peaked at the lowest and highest masses, progress through a power law mass distribution of IMF’s at intermediate excitation, and end at high excitation with an exponential distribution of only light particles. This evolution strongly resembles the progression of a heated fluid from the liquid state through the critical point into the gaseous phase. Since pioneering studies in the early 1980’s [2], intense experimental and theoretical effort has focused on this behavior, attempting to understand the mechanism of MF. Although it is not universally accepted, the idea of a nuclear liquid-gas phase transition has become the leading paradigm used to interpret MF phenomena. Many important questions remain unresolved, including: does MF exhibited by different nuclear reactions have a common underlying physical mechanism? do the excited systems equilibrate sufficiently to apply thermal concepts? is the phase transition first order or continuous, and does this vary for different reactions? what are the thermodynamic properties (e.g. temperature, density, entropy) of these systems? what are the trajectories in the temperature-density plane for various reactions? can the physical properties of nuclear matter, including the equation of state, be extracted from MF data?

Published
1996

185. Individual fragment yields and determination of the critical exponent sigma

Author

A. Scott, A. S. Hirsch, U. Lynen, M. A. McMahan, G. Rai, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, Volker Lindenstruth, H. G. Ritter, J. O. Rasmussen, S. Albergo, M. Justice, C. Tuve, M. A. Lisa, F. P. Brady, M. L. Gilkes, H. H. Wieman, M. L. Tincknell, C. P. McParland, D. Keane, R. Potenza, P. Warren, N. T. Porile, E. L. Hjort, A. D. Chacon, T. J. M. Symons, H. Sann, Z. Caccia, D. L. Olson, J. Romanski, Giulia Russo, J. B. Elliott, J. A. Hauger, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, Y. Choi, Antonio Insolia, M. D. Partlan, J. C. Kintner, S. Wang, S. Costa, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, B. K. Srivastava, Wolfgang Müller, Y. Shao, and J. L. Romero

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Critical phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Multiplicity (mathematics), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Scaling, Projectile fragmentation, Critical exponent, Effective nuclear charge
Abstract

We have studied the yield of individual fragments formed in the projectile fragmentation of gold nuclei at 1 AGeV incident on a carbon target as a function of the total charge multiplicity. The yields of fragments of different nuclear charge peak at different multiplicities. We show that this behavior can be used to determine the critical exponent σ. We obtain σ = 0.68±0.05, consistent with the liquid-gas value.

Published
1996

186. Critical Exponents from the Multifragmentation of 1A Gev Au Nuclei

Author

Z. Caccia, D. L. Olson, F. S. Bieser, M. Justice, C. Tuve, K.L. Wolf, F. P. Brady, J. L. Romero, J. Romanski, M. A. McMahan, A. Scott, Y. Shao, G. Rai, Giulia Russo, A. D. Chacon, S. Albergo, J. C. Kintner, Wolfgang Müller, P. Warren, H. Sann, M. L. Tincknell, Antonio Insolia, E. L. Hjort, N. T. Porile, V. Lindenstruth, M. L. Gilkes, H. G. Ritter, R. P. Scharenberg, H. H. Wieman, H. S. Matis, M. D. Partlan, J. O. Rasmussen, S. Costa, U. Lynen, Y. Choi, S. Wang, A. S. Hirsch, J. B. Elliott, R. Potenza, T. J. M. Symons, B. K. Srivastava, D. Keane, J. A. Hauger, C. P. McParland, M. A. Lisa, J. L. Chance, and D. Cebra

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Time projection chamber, Critical point (thermodynamics), Observable, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear matter, Breakup, Critical exponent, Event reconstruction
Abstract

The breakup of 1A GeV gold nuclei incident on carbon has been studied with a detector system that permitted exclusive event reconstruction of nearly all charged reaction products. The moments of the resulting charged fragment distribution and fluctuations therein provide strong evidence that nuclear matter possesses a critical point observable in finite nuclei. Values of the critical exponents γ, β, and τ have been determined. These values are close to those for liquid-gas systems but differ significantly from those for other 3-dimensional systems. Assumptions in our analysis have been examined and confirmed by dynamical information.

Published
1996

187. The Scaling Function of Nuclear Matter

Author

M. L. Tincknell, Antonio Insolia, N. T. Porile, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, Y. Choi, M. A. McMahan, Y. Shao, T. J. M. Symons, T. Wienold, A. D. Chacon, H. H. Wieman, A. Scott, S. Costa, U. Lynen, D. Keane, M. L. Gilkes, M. Justice, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, P. Warren, M. D. Partlan, B. K. Srivastava, C. Tuve, G. Rai, S. Albergo, J. L. Romero, E. L. Hjort, Andrew S. Hirsch, H. Sann, S. Wang, J. A. Hauger, Z. Caccia, D. L. Olson, J. B. Elliott, W. F. J. Müller, F. P. Brady, H. G. Ritter, J. O. Rasmussen, Volker Lindenstruth, R. Potenza, J. Romanski, J. C. Kintner, C. P. McParland, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, M. A. Lisa, and Giulia Russo

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Time projection chamber, Critical phenomena, Function (mathematics), Type (model theory), Nucleon, Nuclear matter, Critical exponent, Scaling
Abstract

In two recent publications [1, 2], the EOS Collaboration has presented the first model independent determination of four critical exponents for nuclear matter based on the analysis of exclusive nuclear multifragmentation data obtained in 1 GeV/nucleon collisions of gold on a carbon target at the Lawrence Berkeley Bevalac. These studies were motivated in part by the striking resemblance nuclear multifragmentation data has with many aspects of critical phenomena [3, 4, 5]. In reference [2], the critical exponent σ was determined assuming that the multifragmentation data would exhibit the type of scaling expected for systems possessing critical behavior. In this paper, we demonstrate that this is indeed the case, and we determine for the first time the scaling function of nuclear matter.

Published
1996

188. Fragment flow in Au+Au collisions

Author

J. C. Kintner, F. S. Bieser, M. L. Tincknell, K.L. Wolf, F. P. Brady, N. T. Porile, A. Scott, J. Romanski, Sebastiano Albergo, H. H. Wieman, Y. Shao, Cristina Tuve, M. A. Lisa, R. P. Scharenberg, Salvatore Costa, H. S. Matis, Antonio Insolia, M. D. Partlan, M. A. McMahan, T. J. M. Symons, H. G. Ritter, S. Wang, J. L. Chance, Y. Choi, D. Cebra, Renato Potenza, G. Peilert, M. L. Gilkes, Andrew S. Hirsch, D. L. Olson, J. A. Hauger, G. V. Russo, J. B. Elliott, J. O. Rasmussen, P. Warren, Z. Caccia, B. K. Srivastava, E. L. Hjort, A. D. Chacon, J. L. Romero, C. P. McParland, M. Justice, D. Keane, and G. Rai

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Equation of state (cosmology), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Helium-4, Deuterium, chemistry, Flow (mathematics), Helium-3, Lithium, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Exclusive measurements have been made of Au+Au reactions with beam energies ranging from 0.25{ital A} to 1.15{ital A} GeV. We present measurements of directed collective flow averaged over all light fragments with masses up to alphas, as well as separate measurements for protons, deuterons, tritons, {sup 3}He, {sup 4}He, and Li. The results show a strong increase of the directed flow with fragment mass at all energies measured. Experimental results are compared with a quantum molecular dynamics model. We find that neither the ``soft`` nor the ``hard`` equation of state can describe the data over the entire range of beam energies.

Published
1995

189. Flow and multifragmentation in nuclear collisions at intermediate-energies

Author

J. Romanski, M. A. Lisa, J. L. Chance, Z. Caccia, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, J. O. Rasmussen, H. H. Wieman, C. P. McParland, Y. Shao, M. A. McMahan, Antonio Insolia, Sebastiano Albergo, Volker Lindenstruth, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, P. Warren, T. J. M. Symons, E. L. Hjort, Y. Choi, Andrew S. Hirsch, A. Scott, M. L. Gilkes, M. L. Tincknell, U. Lynen, W. Mueller, D. Keane, B. K. Srivastava, N. T. Porile, M. Justice, G. Rai, Salvatore Costa, D. L. Olson, H. Sann, J. C. Kintner, Renato Potenza, J. B. Elliott, J. L. Romero, M. D. Partlan, S. Wang, H. G. Ritter, Cristina Tuve, J. A. Hauger, F. P. Brady, G.V. Russo, and A. D. Chacon

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hydrogen, Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, Observable, Breakup, Nuclear matter, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Critical point (thermodynamics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Critical exponent, Isotopes of helium
Abstract

Energy spectra of hydrogen and helium isotopes emitted in Au+Au collisions at 0.25, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.0, and 1.15 A GeV have been measured. A systematic study of the shapes of the spectra reveals a significant non-thermal component consistent with collective radial flow. The strength of this component is evaluated as a function of bombarding energy. Comparisons of the flow signal to predictions of QMD and BUU models are made. Using reverse kinematics, the breakup of gold nuclei has been studied in Au+C reactions at 1.0 A GeV. The moments of the resulting charged fragment distribution provide evidence that nuclear matter possesses a critical point observable in finite nuclei. Values for the critical exponents γ, β, and τ have been determined. These values are close to those for liquid-gas systems and different from those for 3D percolation.

Published
1995

190. Charged particle spectra in central S+S collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon

Author

A. Ljubicic, Predrag Buncic, Helena Bialkowska, E. Skrzypczak, H. G. Pugh, F. Pühlhofer, Eugenio Nappi, Andreas Petridis, J. Kosiec, Siegfried Wenig, A. Sandoval, I. Schneider, S. Tonse, G. Odyniec, P. Stefański, J. Schambach, W. Heck, J. Bächler, M. Fuchs, Daniel Ferenc, B. Fleischmann, Guy Paic, J. W. Harris, J. Seyerlein, P. Seyboth, V. Eckardt, A. Piper, S. I. Chase, K. Runge, J. Eschke, Kreso Kadija, A. D. Panagiotu, M. Lahanas, A. Kühmichel, Marek Kowalski, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, E. Gladysz, W. Rauch, E. Schmoetten, N. Schmitz, Dieter Røhrich, F. Posa, D. Vranic, J. Y. Lee, L. Teitelbaum, S. Kabana, J. Bartke, I. Derado, H. Ströbele, R. K. Bock, Maurice Hoffmann, M. Tincknell, G. Rai, A. M. Poskanzer, G. Vasileiadis, Panagiota Foka, R. Stock, P. M. Jacobs, Marek Gazdzicki, Hermann Rothard, Gunther Roland, R. Brockmann, Ralf Keidel, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, R. Morse, and S. Margetis

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, Proton, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Lambda, Nuclear physics, Baryon, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

The transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of negative hadrons and participant protons have been measured for central [sup 32]S+ [sup 32]S collisions at [ital p][sub lab]=200 GeV/[ital c] per nucleon. The proton mean rapidity shift [l angle][Delta][ital y][r angle][similar to]1.6 and mean transverse momentum [l angle][ital p][sub [ital T]][r angle][similar to]0.6 GeV/[ital c] are much higher than in [ital pp] or peripheral [ital AA] collisions and indicate an increase in the nuclear stopping power. All [ital p][sub [ital T]] spectra exhibit similar source temperatures. Including previous results for [ital K][sub [ital s]][sup 0] [Lambda], and [bar [Lambda]], we account for all important contributions to particle production.

Published
1994

191. Light fragment production and power law behavior in Au + Au collisions

Author

T. J. M. Symons, J. L. Romero, Y. Shao, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, P. Warren, F. P. Brady, E. L. Hjort, B. K. Srivastava, Renato Potenza, H. H. Wieman, M. L. Gilkes, A. Scott, J. B. Elliott, M. Justice, R. P. Scharenberg, Cristina Tuve, H. S. Matis, Andrew S. Hirsch, G. Rai, M. A. McMahan, Y. Choi, G. V. Russo, H. G. Ritter, Antonio Insolia, M. L. Tincknell, Sebastiano Albergo, A. D. Chacon, N. T. Porile, J. A. Hauger, S. Wang, Salvatore Costa, D. Keane, D. Weerasundara, M. D. Partlan, J. C. Kintner, J. O. Rasmussen, D. L. Olson, Z. Caccia, J. L. Chance, D. Cebra, J. Romanski, C. P. McParland, and M. A. Lisa

Subjects
Coalescence (physics), Physics, Azimuth, Time projection chamber, Helium-4, General Physics and Astronomy, Rapidity, Multiplicity (chemistry), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Power law, Charged particle, Nuclear Physics
Abstract

Using charged-particle-exclusive measurements of Au+Au collisions in the LBL Bevalac`s EOS time projection chamber, we investigate momentum-space densities of fragments up to {sup 4}He as a function of fragment transverse momentum, azimuth relative to the reaction plane, rapidity, multiplicity, and beam energy. Most features of these densities above a transverse momentum threshold are consistent with momentum-space coalescence, and, in particular, the increase in sideward flow with fragment mass is generally well described by a momentum-space power law.

Published
1994

192. Results from the EOS Time Projection chamber at the Bevalac

Author

Salvatore Costa, J. A. Hauger, H. H. Wieman, C. P. McParland, B. K. Srivastava, D. A. Cebra, A. D. Chacon, G.V. Russo, J. L. Romero, H. G. Ritter, G. Rai, Y. Shao, A. Scott, M. L. Tincknell, V. Lindenstruth, N. T. Porile, Z. Caccia, Cristina Tuve, D. L. Olson, H. Sann, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, M. L. Gilkes, A. S. Hirsch, W. F. J. Mueller, D. Keane, P. Warren, R. P. Scharenberg, S. Wang, E. L. Hjort, H. S. Matis, M. Justice, Y. Choi, Sebastiano Albergo, Renato Potenza, J. B. Elliott, J. Romanski, M. A. McMahan, M. Partlan, A. Insolia, J. O. Rasmussen, J. Chance, T. J. M. Symons, and F. P. Brady

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, State variable, Time projection chamber, Hadron, Nuclear equation of state, Observable, Ball (mathematics), Nuclear Experiment, Collision, Charged particle
Abstract

Experiments at the Bevalac using the Plastic Ball and streamer chamber initiated the study of nucleus-nucleus collisions with close to 4π acceptance for charged particles. [l] Much was learned as a result of these experiments, and by the mid 1980s, there was a widespread belief that it would soon be possible to constrain unambiguously the equation of state of the compressed hadron gas that exists for a few fm/c during the early stage of the collision. During the years since then, we have come to a better understanding of the difficulties involved in inferring properties of the nuclear equation of state, and while these difficulties are surmountable, there are some indications that experimental observables are less strongly influenced by the state variables of interest than was initially assumed. [2,3] Such considerations motivate new measurements with good statistics and the smallest possible observational biases.

Published
1994

193. DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL EXPONENTS FROM THE MULTIFRAGMENTATION OF GOLD NUCLEI

Author

A. Scott, P. Warren, M. L. Gilkes, U. Lynen, Z. Caccia, E. L. Hjort, Wolfgang Müller, D. Keane, B. K. Srivastava, H. H. Weiman, Cristina Tuve, M. A. McMahan, J. L. Chance, F. P. Brady, D. Cebra, G. Rai, Sebastiano Albergo, F. S. Bieser, K.L. Wolf, V. Lindenstruth, M. Justice, R. P. Scharenberg, H. S. Matis, M. D. Partlan, Y. Shao, Y. Choi, Antonio Insolia, G. V. Russo, J. Rasmussen, J. Romanski, M. A. Lisa, Andrew S. Hirsch, T. J. M. Symons, J. C. Kintner, Salvatore Costa, D. L. Olson, S. Wang, M. L. Tincknell, N. T. Porile, H. Sann, Renato Potenza, J. B. Elliott, J. L. Romero, C. McParland, H. G. Ritter, J. A. Hauger, and A. D. Chacon

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Nuclear reaction, Physics, Mean field limit, Critical point (thermodynamics), General Physics and Astronomy, Observable, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Breakup, Nuclear matter, Critical exponent, Event reconstruction
Abstract

Using reverse kinematics, we have studied the breakup of 1.0[ital A] GeV gold nuclei incident on a carbon target. The detector system permitted exclusive event reconstruction of nearly all charged reaction products. The moments of the resulting charged fragment distribution provide strong evidence that nuclear matter possesses a critical point observable in finite nuclei. We have determined values for the critical exponents [gamma], [beta], and [tau]. These values are close to those for liquid-gas systems and clearly different than those for 3D percolation and the liquid-gas mean field limit.

Published
1994

195. A study of nuclear stopping power using proton and pion rapidity distributions in central 60 GeV/nucleon 16O+Au collisions

Author

L. Teitelbaum, G. Rai, J.W. Harris, G. Odyniec, J. Schambach, S.I. Chase, and S. Tonse

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Pion, Proton, Stopping power (particle radiation), Particle, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Charged particle
Abstract

Inclusive charged particle rapidity distributions were measured in the NA35 streamer chamber detector at the CERN SPS. The charge excess of positive particles over negative particles was measured and can be associated with primordial protons in the collision. The negative particle rapidity distribution is assumed to consist wholly of pions. An estimate of the stopping power based on the longitudinal energy flow of protons forward of mid‐rapidity will be presented and compared to measurements using transverse energy. An estimate of the amount of stopping at the nucleon collision level is made by comparing the data to two models. Finally, an estimation is made of the space‐time dependence of energy density in one of these models.

Published
1992

196. EOS TPC detector for the study of high multiplicity heavy ion collisions

Author

A. D. Chacon, J. L. Romero, D. A. Cebra, K.L. Wolf, D. Keane, Y. Choi, H. G. Ritter, P. Warren, F. P. Brady, D. L. Olson, Andrew S. Hirsch, N. T. Porile, F. Bieser, R. Wright, H. S. Matis, J. Hunter, R. P. Scharenberg, K.L. Lee, M. D. Partlan, Y. Shao, H. Wieman, S. Abbott, Stuart Kleinfelder, M. Wright, T. J. M. Symons, E. Hort, G. Rai, M. Nakamura, M. Ingle, B. K. Srivastava, M. L. Tincknell, R. Jones, A. Rudge, A. Arthur, E. Yee, J. L. Chance, C.W. Harnden, C. P. McParland, and J. Bercovitz

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Time projection chamber, Parametric analysis, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Projectile, Nuclear Theory, Detector, High multiplicity, Front end electronics, Electronic equipment, Nuclear physics, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The design of a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector with complete pad coverage is presented. The TPC will allow the measurements of high multiplicity (∼200 tracks), relativistic nucleus‐nucleus collisions initiated with the heaviest, most energetic projectiles available at the LBL BEVALAC accelerator facility. The front end electronics, composed of over 15,000 time sampling channels, will be located on the chamber.

Published
1992

197. The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil in the sick elderly patient

Author

K. Stewart, M. C. Kelsey, E. Ridgway, G. Rai, and C. Bielawska

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.drug_class, Urinary system, Antibiotics, Cmax, Administration, Oral, Drug Administration Schedule, Pharmacokinetics, Oral administration, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged, Pharmacology, Aged, 80 and over, Cefuroxime, business.industry, Respiratory disease, medicine.disease, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Anesthesia, Urinary Tract Infections, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil (RS3 formulation) were studied in 20 elderly patients following admission for lower respiratory or urinary tract infection. The mean age was 83.9 years. A 12-hourly dose of 250 mg was given for five days. The mean time to attain maximum serum concentration was 3.2 h with a mean peak concentration of 8.5 mg/l. The mean serum elimination half-life was 3.5 h and the AUC0-infinity 60.4 mg/h.l. There was no accumulation of the drug in the patients studied after five days treatment. The data suggest that the standard dosage regimen is adequate in the sick elderly patient.

Published
1991

198. Study of the energy flow in sulphur- and oxygen-nucleus collisions at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon

Author

G. Vesztergombi, E. Schmoetten, I. Derado, S. Tonse, G. Odyniec, J. Pfennig, Maurice Hoffmann, A. Ljubicic, J. Seyerlein, B. Fleischmann, Carmen Guerra, M. Kowalski, G. Vasileiadis, M. Gazdzicki, R. Stock, A. Piper, F. Pühlhofer, J. Y. Lee, M. J. LeVine, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Ralf Keidel, J. Bartke, L. S. Schroeder, K. Runge, Siegfried Wenig, Panagiota Foka, J. Kosiec, Hermann Rothard, A. Karabarbounis, Andreas Petridis, M. Tincknell, Apostolos Panagiotou, D. Vranic, Daniel Ferenc, H. Ströbele, A. Sandoval, P. Spinelli, G. Rai, Guy Paic, R. K. Bock, C. Favuzzi, T. J. Humanic, E. Skrzypczak, S. Kabana, I. Schneider, H. J. Gebauer, M. Fuchs, L. Teitelbaum, E. Gladysz, S. Margetis, Helena Bialkowska, J. Eschke, S. I. Chase, W. Rauch, H. G. Pugh, R. Brockmann, W. Heck, A. Thomas, Gunther Roland, F. Posa, J. Bächler, Predrag Buncic, N. Schmitz, Dieter Røhrich, P. Seyboth, Kreso Kadija, Eugenio Nappi, E. Schmidt, M. Lahanas, A. Kühmichel, J. W. Harris, and V. Eckardt

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Projectile, Nuclear Theory, Elementary particle, Nuclear physics, Particle acceleration, Energy flow, Pseudorapidity, Stopping power (particle radiation), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Quantum field theory, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on a systematic study of midrapidity transverse energy production and forward energy flow in interactions of16O and32S projectiles with S, Cu, Ag and Au targets at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon. The variation of the shape of theET distributions with target and projectile mass can be understood from collision geometry. AverageET values determined for central collisions show an increasing stopping power for heavier target nuclei. A higher relative stopping is observed at 60 GeV/nucleon than at 200 GeV/nucleon. Bjorken estimates of the energy density reach approximately 3 GeV/fm3 in highET events at 200 GeV/nucleon with16O and32S projectiles. The systematics of the data and the shapes ofET and pseudorapidity distributions are well described by the Lund model Fritiof.

Published
1991

199. VALETHEMATE BROMIDE AND CERVICAL DILATATION

Author

S Sharda, G Rai, and A D Dwivedi

Subjects
Cervical dystocia, medicine.medical_specialty, Nursing staff, Original, business.industry, Medicine, Normal labour, General Medicine, Cervical dilatation, Stage (cooking), business, reproductive and urinary physiology, Surgery
Abstract

The importance of cervical dilatation in normal labour is well known & cervical dystocia is known to prolong labour adversely affecting fetomaternal well being. Valethemate bromide(Injection Epidosin) has been known to shorten the first stage of labour & several studies have proved the efficacy of this drug. Injection Epidosin was used on five hundred patients (250 Primigravida and 250 multiparas) having uncomplicated labour and its efficacy in shortening the first stage of labour was studied. This study proved that epidsosin could reduce first stage of labour in primigravidas as well as multiparas significantly without any major side effects and could be used safely under supervision of a nursing staff.

Published
1999

200. Search for the quark-gluon plasma (1989): the NA35 experiment at the CERN SPS

Author

S. Margetis, E. Gladysz, R. Keidel, A. Sandoval, P. Spinelli, G. Odyniec, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, A. Piper, M. Fuchs, J. Kosiec, A. Karabarbounis, L. Teitelbaum, B. Fleischmann, Carmen Guerra, D. Vranic, C. Favuzzi, N. Schmitz, Dieter Røhrich, G. Vesztergombi, R. Stock, J. Seyerlein, Andreas Petridis, Helena Bialkowska, S. I. Chase, A. Ranieri, E. Schmidt, Daniel Ferenc, L. S. Schroeder, Eugenio Nappi, K. Runge, I. Schneider, Apostolos Panagiotou, H. J. Gebauer, G Vassileiades, W. Heck, M. Lahanas, A. Kühmichel, A. Thomas, F. Posa, I. Derado, R. Brockmann, M. Kowalski, F. Pühlhofer, W Rauch, J. W. Harris, V. Eckardt, C. De Marzo, E. Skrzypczak, H. G. Pugh, J. Pfennig, S. Tonse, Giovanna Selvaggi, M. Gazdzicki, S. Wenig, P. Seyboth, J. Bartke, G. Rai, Guy Paic, H. Ströbele, Kreso Kadija, R. K. Bock, and J. Eschke

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness production, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Pion, Quark–gluon plasma, Energy density, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, Hydrodynamic flow, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Results from the NA35 experiment at the CERN SPS are described in the context of possible formation and identification of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Evidence is presented that the initial energy density and temperature are sufficient for the QGP to be produced, and that hydrodynamic flow occurs in the expansion stage. Evidence for an unexpectedly large pion source size and for enhanced strangeness production is presented, and discussed in terms of QGP formation. Plans for experiments in 1990-91 with an expanded set up are presented, and prospects for a program with Pb beams at the SPS are discussed.

Published
1990

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