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This study examined the effects of competitive standard, team formation and playing position on match running performance in a Brazilian professional soccer team. Performance was investigated in 36 players in 48 matches at three competitive standards: 1st São Paulo State Championship; 3rd and 4th Brazilian leagues. Global Positioning System technology was used to determine total distance covered (TD), maximal running speed (MRS), mean speed (SMEAN) and frequency of high-intensity activities (HIA). Data were compared across competitive standards, team formations and playing positions. Magnitude-based inferences showed greater values for TD, SMEAN and HIA (likely to almost certain) in the lower national (3rd, 4th Brazilian) versus the top state division (1st São Paulo). Higher values for all variables were reported for the 1–4–3–3 versus the 1–4–4–2 formation (likely to almost certain). External defenders/midfielders and forwards reported greater values (likely to almost certain) versus central defenders/midfielders, especially in HIA. Linear regression analyses showed that playing position demonstrated a higher relative contribution to the variance in MRS (24%) and HIA (29%) compared to team formation (16% and 25%, respectively). In a Brazilian professional soccer team, match running performance was dependent upon competitive standard, playing formation and playing position.

Strength training with blood flow restriction, or KAATSU training, has been shown to be as effective as conventional strength training to promote muscular strength and hypertrophy. Several mechanisms have been suggested as hypotheses to explain the adaptations arising from this training method. Among these is metabolic stress, which exerts important physiological effects and may influence the training adaptations in question. In addition, hypoxia produced by the technique may change the neural recruitment pattern. Growth hormone (GH) concentrations increase as a result of practicing this method, which can trigger an increase in plasmatic and, perhaps, muscular insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. The increase in concentrations of these factors can play a leading role in responses to KAATSU training. Among the effects of the GH/IGF-1 axis in muscle cells is the increase in the signalling pathway activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which has been associated with increased protein synthesis. On the other hand, the decrease in the activity of the myostatin pathway, which has an antagonistic effect to mTOR, has been demonstrated after training with occlusion. Other factors, such as increases in the expression of heat shock proteins, may play an important role in adaptations to exercise. Nitric oxide synthase could increase nitric oxide concentration, which in turn has an effect on satellite cells and blood flow. However, despite the results obtained, the transfer to other situations (e.g. speed sports) is not yet clear.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological features and clinical outcomes of paraduodenal pancreatitis (PP). METHODS A final diagnosis of PP was based on surgical specimens in resected patients and on imaging in nonoperated patients. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data were collected and reevaluated. RESULTS We studied 120 patients, 97.5% of whom were drinkers and 97.5% were smokers. Symptoms at clinical onset were acute pancreatitis in 78 patients (65%) and continuous pain in 68 patients (55.8%). Other symptoms were vomiting (36.7%), weight loss (25.8%), and jaundice (11.7%). Cystic variant was diagnosed in 82 patients (68.0%), and solid variant was diagnosed in 38 patients (32.0%). Pure and diffuse forms were observed in 22 (18.3%) and 98 (81.7%) patients, respectively. Pancreatic calcifications were present at clinical onset in 5.0% of the patients and in 61.0% at the end of follow-up. Somatostatin analogs were used in 13 patients (10.8%), and 81 patients (67.0%) underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS The clinical profile of PP was found to be middle-aged men who were heavy drinkers and smokers with painful pancreatitis and was associated with vomiting and weight loss. In nonresponders, alcohol withdrawal and medical therapy can be proposed as a first-line treatment, and surgery as a second-line treatment.

Introduction The GH/IGF-I axis is a system of growth mediators, receptors, and binding proteins that regulate somatic and tissue growth; and it has been shown that exercise programs are related to the anabolic function of this axis. Objective The aim of this study was to analyse the changes of serum IGF-I concentration and that of its binding proteins IGFBP-3 and ALS in adolescent swimmers at different stages of a training season, and compare them with physical performance parameters and body composition of the athletes. Material and methods Nine male athletes, aged 16 to 19 years and who trained regularly throughout the season, were included in this study. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and ALS concentrations were recorded before and after (pre × post) standardized training sessions during the different stages of a training season (extensive × intensive × tapering). Endurance in freestyle, anaerobic fitness in tied swimming (Peak Force and Average Force), body mass, fat percentage, and lean body mass were also analysed at the different stages of training in order to compare the changes of the IGF-I/IGFBP/ALS system with the physical performance and body composition of the athletes. Variations in the IGF-I/IGFBP-3-ALS system before and after a standardized training session, and at the different stages of training were analysed by the Wilcoxon and Friedman non-parametric tests, respectively. Significance was considered at 5%. Results The results from this study demonstrate that IGF-I is sensitive to the acute and chronic effects of training, exhibiting biphasic behaviour throughout the season. The catabolic phase was characterized by a reduction in serum IGF-I concentrations during the intensive stage (∆IGF-I: - 43.33 ± 47.32 ng/ml; P 0.05) was observed in pre- or post-training IGFBP-3 concentrations (∆IGFBP-3) at the different stages. ALS concentrations remained unchanged throughout the season, demonstrating that in adolescent athletes they are unaffected by the acute or chronic effects of swimming. Peak Force (25.0 ± 6.3, 24.2 ± 5.7 and 28.5 ± 6.5 N; P Conclusion Serum IGF-I and IGFPB-3 concentrations have proven to be sensitive markers of training status and, thus, may be used as guides for coaches and athletes in the challenging task of modulating training intensity in young athletes.

O presente artigo busca analisar a dinâmica territorial do desenvolvimento vinculada a diferentes estratégias de governança local de polí­ticas públicas no Brasil, tratando, em especí­fico, dos circuitos turí­sticos e dos arranjos produtivos locais. A pesquisa se coloca como continuidade de outros trabalhos sobre governança territorial durante os últimos dez anos e que mostraram que, apesar da disposição e do incentivo, por meio dos dispositivos constitucionais, por maior participação e prática do diálogo e cooperação entre ní­veis federativos e entre atores públicos, privados e mistos, o modelo de tomada de decisões ainda se pauta, em grande medida, em interesses eleitorais de curto prazo e no perfil fisiológico das alianças polí­tico-partidárias. Desse modo, pretendemos atualizar esse quadro, no avançar do século XXI e com um processo democrático já consolidado no paí­s, definindo um panorama sobre o contexto territorial e de governança, avaliando o perfil dessas estruturas de governança em cenário de crise econômica e mudanças polí­ticas. Posto isso, este estudo está apoiado em um referencial teórico hí­brido, estruturado em metodologia de levantamento de dados estatí­sticos e pesquisa de campo para análise qualitativa de entrevistas com atores locais, visando classificar o perfil da governança e seus ní­veis de efetivação nos territórios analisados.

Este trabalho visa compreender o funcionamento das diversas modalidades de governança e ordenamento de territórios alvo de políticas públicas no estado de São Paulo/Brasil, considerando a experiência de inovações institucionais criadas para atender a demandas setoriais no quadro da experiência de descentralização político-administrativa em território brasileiro. Assim, destacamos em uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa os exemplos dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas, para auxiliar na gestão territorial das águas; das Câmaras Setoriais, com a gestão do agronegócio; os Arranjos Produtivos Locais, com a gestão da política industrial e de desenvolvimento de pequenas empresas e os Circuitos turísticos, com a gestão do turismo. Compreende-se a governança dos territórios como modalidades de coordenação parciais e provisórias de programas de desenvolvimento envolvendo atores públicos, privados e da sociedade civil atrelados a determinados segmentos de atividade econômica e social, envoltas em relações de poder, hierarquias e formas de cooperação e conflito entre os participantes, com dosagens diferenciadas quanto ao caráter público ou privado do bloco socioterritorial constituído. Tais estruturas de governança, analisadas na processualidade histórica de sua construção, caminharam entre coesão e desorganização, territorialização e des-territorialização. território; setores; governança; estado de São Paulo.

IntroductionStudies report that intense physical activity influences the down-regulation of immune function in athletes as well as the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system.AimThis study aimed to compare the plasma soluble levels of the immune checkpoint HLA-G (sHLA-G) molecule with the fat mass and muscle mass index among 77 bodybuilders and 64 controls.ResultsThe comparisons of the percentage of body fat (%BF) revealed that the groups of male and female bodybuilders showed a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of body fat when compared to their control group, (P ConclusionOur results showed that in bodybuilders with less body fat, the systemic levels of soluble HLA-G, an immunological molecule with recognized immunosuppressive function, are significantly higher and suggest that this immune mechanism may corroborate the immunosuppressive state in athletes undergoing intense and prolonged physical training.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of playing congested fixtures (2 matches a week) on running performance of Brazilian professional football players, pooled (all performance files regardless players' rotation between games) or individualized data treatment (including only files of athletes' who played pair(s) of noncongested-congested matches which occurred on the same week). Forty participants were observed 1-37 times during 59 official matches over 3 years. Global positioning system devices were used to compute total distance covered, maximal sprinting speed mean speed (VAVERAGE), and high-intensity activities (HIA: ≥15 km·h-1). Independent variables included match status (win, draw, and lose), location (home and away), opponent quality (weak and strong), competitive standard (national and state), team formation (4-4-2 and 4-3-3), and position (defender, midfielder, and forward). Student's t-test, effect sizes (d), and magnitude-based inferences were performed to detect differences between congested and noncongested fixtures for each independent factor. Overall, pooled and individualized data treatment revealed contrasting results. The first showed chances of positive outcomes playing congested matches (possibly to very likely; d = 0.09-0.55), for all variables, as using 4-4-2 and state tournament. Conversely, individualized data analysis revealed that during national leagues (possibly; d = 0.24) or forward position (likely; d = 0.70), the players presented reduced HIA when played congested than noncongested periods (p ≤ 0.05). Using 4-3-3 (d = 0.26) or when draw (d = 0.41), possibly lower HIA was also identified. Coaching staff should be aware of performance oscillations such as detrimental effects on HIA during congested periods. FMRP Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Human Movement Research Laboratory Physical Education Department São Paulo State University Campus Bauru School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Campus Ribeirão Preto CIFI2D Faculty of Sports University of Porto Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences University of Vigo Performance Department Botafogo FC Human Movement Research Laboratory Physical Education Department São Paulo State University Campus Bauru

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:29:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-11-04T10:16:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000347274200012.pdf: 685420 bytes, checksum: 60ac0195be7fba673aa2fa9b17787b9f (MD5) O presente artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar a discussão sobre os Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs), considerando determinadas visões geográficas a pensar sobre a configuração espacial e os processos econômicos e sociais que os caracterizam, visto que configuram uma ampla gama de territorialidades e territórios produtivos que demarcam a paisagem brasileira atual. Nesse sentido, APLs estão presentes na atualidade tanto na figura de conceito analítico para quem estuda o desenvolvimento regional, quanto como política pública de apoio às redes e cadeias produtivas em suas bases territoriais, sobretudo de pequenos negócios. Assim, esses arranjos podem ser lidos, geograficamente, como especializações territoriais produtivas que comportan como circuitos espaciais de produção, integrados à outras regiões, localidades e cadeias produtivas através da morfologia de redes e de distritos, e alicerçados em sistemas e redes urbanas de fluxos materiais e imateriais que fazem aproximar centros urbanos de diferentes dimensões. Considerando a multidimensionalidade do tema, os APLs apresentam certas fragilidades do ponto de vista de seus postulados e perspectivas, sobretudo pelas limitações da ferramenta se pensada apenas em recursos e políticas aplicada no nível local. Sugerir a abordagem de uma "geografia dos APLs" é buscar tratá-lo a partir de uma leitura territorial e socioespacial. This article aims to further discuss the Local Productive Arrangements (APLs), considering some geographical visions thinking about spatial configuration and the economic and social processes that characterize them, configuring a wide range of territorialities and productive territories that mark the landscape current Brazilian. In this sense, APLs are present today in both the figure of those who study analytical concept for regional development, and as a public policy supporting networks and supply chains in their territorial bases, especially small businesses. Thus, this arrangements can be read, geographically, as territorial productive specializations that are configured in spatial circuits of production, integrated with other regions, localities and supply chains through the morphology of networks and districts and grounded in networks of urban networks of material and immaterial flows which are bringing urban centers of different sizes. Considering the multidimensionality of the subject, the clusters have certain weaknesses in terms of their assumptions and perspectives, especially the limitations of the tool if designed just for resources and policies applied at the local level. Suggest the approach of a "geography of APLs" is to seek treat it from a territorial and socio reading. Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Câmpus Experimental de Ourinhos, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Resumo O território é um dos conceitos fundamentais da ciência geográfica no desenrolar histórico de seu conhecimento. No período atual, encontra-se cada vez mais presente em trabalhos acadêmicos e explica, de diferentes formas, a maneira como a sociedade controla, se apropria e produz o espaço por meio de determinantes multidimensionais e multiescalares. Neste artigo, pretendemos analisar, com profundidade, a caracterização que o conceito de território adquiriu na geografia científica construída no Brasil no período de transição da modernidade à pós-modernidade (de fins dos anos de 1970 ao período atual) a fim de explorá-lo em sua natureza política, econômica, social, cultural e didático-pedagógica e na lógica de suas nuances. Resumen El territorio es uno de los conceptos fundamentales de la ciencia geográfica. Actualmente, está cada vez más presente en los trabajos académicos que explican, de diferentes maneras, cómo la sociedad controla, se apropia y produce el espacio por medio de determinantes multidimensionales y multiescalares. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar, en profundidad, la caracterización que el concepto de territorio adquirió en la geografía científica construida en Brasil en el período de transición de la Modernidad a la Posmodernidad (desde finales de 1970 hasta el presente). Se trata de explorar el concepto en su naturaleza política, económica, social, cultural y didáctico-pedagógica. Abstract The territory is one of the fundamental concepts of geographical science. Currently, it is increasingly present in academic work which explains, in different ways, how society controls, appropriates and produces space by means of multidimensional and multiscale determinants. In this article, we examine in detail the characterization that the concept of territory acquired in the scientific geography of Brazil in the period of transition from Modernity to Postmodernity (from the late 1970s to the current period), seeking to explore this idea in its political, economic, social, cultural and didactic-pedagogic nature.

Aim The main aim of this study was to identify the effects of match location, quality of opponents and match status on possession during the 2015/16 Season of England Premier League. Methods Three hundred and eighty matches played by 20 teams were analysed. For each match, two values were recorded, resulting in 760 observations. Results Teams who played at home (51.77 ± 10.22%) presented higher possession values (EF=moderate) than those who played away (48.21 ± 10.30%). Quality of opponents also had a significant difference, as possession was higher (EF=large) when teams played against weak (52.30 ± 9.77%) than strong opponents (46.48 ± 10.38%). The multivariate analysis revealed no interaction between situational variables and possession (p = 0.76). Despite the teams classified as “best-ranking” (1st to 8th position: 50.60 ± 10.35%) presented greater possession (EF=moderate) than “worst-ranking” (9st to 20th position: 47.59 ± 9.74%), no significant differences were found in the comparisons of match status (winner [50.34 ± 10.48%] x drawer [49.95 ± 10.25%] x loser [49.68 ± 10.48%]). Conclusion General interpretations should be viewed with caution, since this possession can represent an indicator of success for a team but not for others.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1518-70122014000100003.pdf: 209775 bytes, checksum: c24625a7e8a60cea7de3e953177befa1 (MD5) Ce document vise à créer un ensemble méthodologique pour études sur des aspects territoriaux du développement, à partir de deux plan de recherche: l'analyse, se référant aux catégories et modèles de développement dans le répertoire de la territorialisation, déterritorialisation-reterritorialisation; et conceptuelle; se rapporter à conceptions du territoire et le développement territorial, dans leurs aspects qualitatifs, scalaires et temporelles. O presente texto tem por objetivo construir um conjunto metodológico para estudos envolvendo os aspectos territoriais do desenvolvimento, a partir de dois planos de investigação: o analítico, referente às categorias e modelos de desenvolvimento dentro do repertório da territorialização-desterritorialização-reterritorialização; e o conceitual, referente às concepções de território, desenvolvimento territorial, em seus aspectos qualitativos, escalares e temporais. This paper aims to build a set for methodological studies involving territorial aspects of development, from two research plan: the analytical, related to development categories and models within the repertoire of territorialization, deterritorialization-reterritorialization, and the conceptual: regarding conceptions of territory, territorial development, in their qualitative, scalar and temporal aspects. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo construir un conjunto metodológico para los estudios relacionados con los aspectos territoriales de desarrollo, por dos planos de investigación: el analítico, en referencia a las categorías y modelos de desarrollo dentro del repertorio de territorialización, desterritorialización reterritorialización; y conceptual, con respecto a las concepciones de territorio y el desarrollo territorial, en sus aspectos cualitativos, escalar y temporal. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between offensive tactical knowledge and the soccer-specific motor skills performance. Fifteen participants were submitted to two evaluation tests, one to assess their technical and tactical analysis. The motor skills performance was measured through four tests of technical soccer skills: ball control, shooting, passing and dribbling. The tactical performance was based on a tactical assessment system called FUT-SAT (Analyses of Procedural Tactical Knowledge in Soccer). Afterwards, technical and tactical evaluation scores were ranked with and without the use of the cluster method. A positive, weak correlation was perceived in both analyses (rho = 0.39, not significant p = 0.14 (with cluster analysis); and rho = 0.35; not significant p = 0.20 (without cluster analysis)). We can conclude that there was a weak association between the technical and the offensive tactical knowledge. This shows the need to reflect on the use of such tests to assess technical skills in team sports since they do not take into account the variability and unpredictability of game actions and disregard the inherent needs to assess such skill performance in the game.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos agudos de combates de Muay Thai na composição corporal e em indicadores gerais de força em lutadores. Foram avaliados 9 atletas masculinos (25,55 ± 5,24 anos) com experiência superior a 8 anos de treinamento. Mensurou-se a massa corporal, porcentagem de gordura, circunferências, força rápida e resistência de força antes e depois de uma simulação de combates. Para a verificação das diferenças entre o pré e pós combate foi utilizado o teste “t” de Student para amostras pareadas. Os resultados indicaram que houve alteração na composição corporal e na capacidade de resistir ao esforço, não sendo alterada a variável que identifica a velocidade. Pode-se concluir a partir dos resultados, que uma sessão de combates altera a composição corporal provavelmente em função da perda de líquidos causada pelo esforço e que também evidenciou a necessidade do treinamento de resistência para os atletas.

This paper gives practical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. Statements have been elaborated by working teams of experts, by searching for and analysing the literature, and submitted to a consensus process by using a Delphi modified procedure. The statements report recommendations on clinical and nutritional approach, assessment of pancreatic function, treatment of exocrine pancreatic failure and of secondary diabetes, treatment of pain and prevention of painful relapses. Moreover, the role of endoscopy in approaching pancreatic pain, pancreatic stones, duct narrowing and dilation, and complications was considered. Recommendations for most appropriate use of various imaging techniques and of ultrasound endoscopy are reported. Finally, a group of recommendations are addressed to the surgical treatment, with definition of right indications, timing, most appropriate procedures and techniques in different clinical conditions and targets, and clinical and functional outcomes following surgery. © 2010 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Pancreatitis, chronic; Complications; Surgery; Radiography; Therapy; Ultrasonography; Cholangiopancreatography

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as variáveis antropométricas, maturação biológica e as características técnicas de jovens futebolistas. 151 jogadores das categorias de base foram avaliados para estatura, massa corporal e dobras cutâneas, Pico de Velocidade de Crescimento (PVC) e testes específicos. Foram encontradas diferenças de sub-09 à sub-13 para % de gordura, e sub-09 a sub-14 para estatura, massa corporal, massa gorda e passe à parede. O PVC foi diferente entre as categorias sub-09 a sub-16. Ademais, diferenças foram encontradas entre o sub-09 a sub-13 para condução de bola, e sub-09 a sub-15 no controle de bola. Conclui-se que a antropometria, a maturação biológica e a habilidade técnica podem ser influenciadas pelo crescimento e desenvolvimento inerentes à infância e adolescência., Motricidade, Vol 12 No 2 (2016)

Submitted by GABRIELA RIGOTTI FUINI null (gabifuini@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-05T17:58:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_RepositórioUNESP.pdf: 1184953 bytes, checksum: 8999a26e03bb2733eaebb4709ad923d4 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-09T14:41:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fuini_gr_me_assis_int.pdf: 1184953 bytes, checksum: 8999a26e03bb2733eaebb4709ad923d4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T14:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fuini_gr_me_assis_int.pdf: 1184953 bytes, checksum: 8999a26e03bb2733eaebb4709ad923d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 O conflito entre humanos e carnívoros silvestres devido à predação exercida sobre rebanhos domésticos tem sido um dos precursores mundiais que tornam os carnívoros um dos grupos com espécies mais ameaçados de extinção. No Brasil, a predação por onças-pardas tem sido documentada em diversas regiões e como consequência a perseguição desses animais é fortemente observada. A fim de identificar os fatores que poderiam estar associados a predações aos rebanhos domésticos por onças-pardas no oeste do Estado de São Paulo, realizamos entrevistas com produtores rurais, utilizando questionários semi-estruturados, abordando características das propriedades, do manejo e da paisagem. Realizamos 71 entrevistas e identificamos propriedades que passaram por eventos de predação na última década. Ovinos e bovinos foram os grupos de animais mais frequentemente predados. Através da Regressão Logística foi possível obter um modelo de previsão de ataques com 81% de concordância entre estimado e observado, do qual o número de ovinos e a quantidade de vegetação natural presentes em cada propriedade foi positivamente relacionado aos casos de predação, porém o manejo das criações de risco como ovinos e bezerros pode contribuir significativamente para a redução de perdas de animais domésticos e assim reduzir possíveis conflitos com a fauna silvestre. The conflict between humans and wild carnivores due the predation on domestic livestock has been a reason that made the Carnivora one of the groups with most threatened species. In Brazil, predation by pumas has been recorded in various regions and result in a harsh persecution on these animals. In order to identify factors that might be associated with predation on domestic livestock by pumas in the west of São Paulo, we did interviews with farm owners and their regular employees using a semi structured questionnaire, addressing characteristics of the property, the management and landscape. We conducted 71 interviews and identified properties that had gone through predation events in the last decade. Sheep and cattle were the most often attacked species. Using logistic regression it was possible to obtain a predictive model of attacks with 81% agreement between estimated and observed, in which the number of sheep and amount of natural vegetation present in each property was positively related to cases of predation. However, a proper management of individuals under risk for both sheep and calves showed to be effective and can contribute significantly to reduce livestock losses and thus to reduce potential conflicts with wildlife.

Resumo Com o objetivo de verificar a dinâmica de marcadores de lesões musculares e da resposta inflamatória aguda produzidas pelo treinamento e por uma prova de meio ironman em atletas de triathlon durante 12 semanas de treinamento, no presente estudo foram avaliadas as alterações musculares e inflamatórias produzidas pelo treinamento e por um meio-ironman em 12 atletas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no início do programa de treinamento (M-1), após 10 semanas de preparação (M-2) e após a competição (M-3). Foram avaliadas as atividades da creatina quinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), concentração de IL-6, IL-10, proteína C reativa (PCR) e cortisol (C). Foram detectados aumentos em M-3 para a CK (M-1 = 22,25 ± 36,08 UI/L, M-2 = 20,80 ± 42,82 e M-3 = 234,5 ± 135,59 UI/L), LDH (41,71 ± 18,98 U/L, 19,87 ± 16,17 e 191 ± 102,47), PCR (8,42 ± 4,13 mg/L, 5,77 ± 3,54 e 7,62 ± 4,87), IL-6 (77,09 ± 27,86 pg/mL, 93,39 ± 65,2 e 228,48 ± 97,61), IL-10 (88,49 ± 26,36 pg/mL, 89,56 ± 37,99 e 193,31 ± 92,77) e C (14,6 ± 5,92 µg/mL, 23,96 ± 6,44 e 37,47 ± 3,58). A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que os atletas apresentaram aumento dos indicadores de lesões musculares e inflamação apenas após a competição, o que ilustra o efeito agudo dessa prova sobre o organismo desses atletas. Abstract Aiming to verify the muscle damage and acute inflammatory indicators produced by training and a half-ironman competition in triahlon athletes during twelve weeks of training, we investigated possible muscle changes and inflammatory responses due to the triathlon training and competition in 12 athletes. Blood samples were collected in the beginning of the training (M-1), after 10 weeks of training (M-2) and after the competition (M-3). The activity of CK, LDH, concentration of IL-6, IL-10, C Reactive Protein (PCR) and Cortisol (C) were studied. Changes in CK (M-1= 22,25 ± 36,08 UI/L, M-2= 20,80 ± 42,82 and M-3= 234,5 ± 135,59 UI/L), LDH (41,71 ± 18,98 U/L, 19,87 ± 16,17 and 191 ± 102,47), PCR (8,42 ± 4,13 mg/L, 5,77 ± 3,54 and 7,62 ± 4,87), IL-6 (77,09 ± 27,86 pg/mL, 93,39 ± 65,2 and 228,48 ± 97,61), IL-10 (88,49 ± 26,36 pg/mL, 89,56 ± 37,99 and 193,31 ± 92,77) and C (14,6 ± 5,92 µg/mL, 23,96 ± 6,44 e 37,47 ± 3,58) were found in M-3. From these results, it is possible to conclude that the athletes showed a significant increase of muscle damage and inflammation indicators just after the competition, ilustrating the acute effects of the half-ironman on the organism of these athletes. Resumen Con el fin de verificar los marcadores dinámicos de lesión muscular y la respuesta inflamatoria aguda producida por el entrenamiento y una prueba de medio ironman en atletas de triatlón durante 12 semanas de formación, hubo cambios inflamatorios y musculares producidos por el entrenamiento y medio ironman en 12 atletas. Las muestras de sangre se recogieron al comienzo de la sesión de entrenamiento (M-1), después de 10 semanas de preparación (M-2) y después de la competición (M-3). Se estudiaron las actividades de creatina-cinas (CK), lactato-deshidrogenasa (LDH), la concentración de interleucina 6 y 10 (IL-6 e IL-10), proteína C-reactiva (PCR) y cortisol (C). Se revelaron cambios en M-3 de la CK (M-1 = 22,25 ± 36,08 UI/l, M-2 = 20,80 ± 42,82 y M-3 = 234,5 ± 135,59 UI/l), LDH (41,71 ± 18,98 U/l, y 19,87 ± 16,17 y 191 ± 102,47), PCR (8,42 ± 4,13 mg/l, 5,77 ± 3,54 y 7,62 ± 4,87), IL-6 (77,09 ± 27,86 pg/ml, 93,39 ± 65,2 y 228,48 ± 97,61), IL-10 (88,49 ± 26,36 pg/ml, 89,56 ± 37,99 y 193,31 ± 92,77) y C (14,6 ± 5,92 mg/ml, 23,96 ± 6,44 y 37,47 ± 3,58). A partir de estos resultados se concluye que los indicadores mostraron aumento de la inflamación y lesiones musculares justo después de la competición, lo que ilustra los efectos agudos de esta prueba sobre el organismo de estos atletas.

Introduction. Exercise is related to anabolism induced by the GH/IGF-I axis, which is responsive to high intensity training. However, the literature is ambiguous regarding the behavior of the GH/IGF-I axis during exercise. While some studies shows increased levels of these hormones, other studies have found reduced levels of IGF-I after training sessions. From these statements, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a Jiu-Jitsu training session on the IGF-I, IGFBP-3, CK and LDH concentrations. Material and methods. Nine male jiu-jitsu fighters participated in the study, they represent the national elite of the sport in Brazil, with 5.4±2.7 years of practice. Blood samples were collected in the beginning and at the end of a training session. IGF-I, IGFBP3, CK and LDH were assayed by colorimetric methods. Results. were analyzed using Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Results: No difference was observed regarding IGF-I (p= 0.57) and IGFBP-3 (p= 0.73) levels before and after the Jiu-Jitsu training session. A jiu-jitsu training session composed by six fights of 7.5 minutes with perception of effort between “hard” and “very hard” did not change the IGF- I and IGFBP-3 concentrations. Regarding CK activity, increases were observed (p= 0.002) when comparing the situations before and after training session, while LDH enzyme activity was not affected (p= 0.80). Conclusions. The absence of reduced values of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in the second measurement would be explained by the training status of the athletes, who were in their maximum level of performance in the season.

O treinamento e a competição em eventos de resistência promovem modificações fisiológicas nos atletas. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar os efeitos do treinamento de resistência e de uma prova de triathlon em indicadores de composição corporal, lesões musculares, inflamação, shift metabólico, stress oxidativo, alterações urinárias, estado de ansiedade e percepção de esforço. A amostra consistiu de 12 atletas do sexo masculino com experiência média de 6,5 anos de treinamento e idade 32,6 anos. Foram realizadas medidas de composição corporal em três momentos do programa de treinamento (M1, M2 e M3) e 30 minutos após a competição (M4). Nos momentos M1, M2 e após a competição foram coletadas amostras de sangue e urina. O inventário SCAI-2 foi aplicado em M-1, M-2 e M-3 e a escala RPE de Borg foi aplicada após o triathlon. Foram encontradas reduções da porcentagem de gordura por bioimpedância elétrica para as medidas realizadas antes e depois da prova. Observou-se elevação dos valores de CK, LDH, IL-6 e IL-10 apenas após a prova. Para os indicadores de shift metabólico, obteve-se aumento da linha de base do cortisol em M-2 e de cortisol e AGL em M-4. Nos indicadores de stress oxidativo, não foram encontradas diferenças significantes. Nas amostras de urina, observou-se aumento da concentração de proteínas, creatinina, hemácias e leucócitos após a prova. Não foram encontradas alterações significantes do estado de ansiedade e a percepção do esforço ao final do triathlon foi maior. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo permitem concluir que o treinamento exerceu influência na composição corporal (BIA) e em indicadores de shift metabólico (cortisol), ao passo que a prova de triathlon provocou alterações na composição corporal (BIA), lesões musuculares (CK e LDH), inflamação (IL-6 e IL-10), shift metabólico (cortisol e AGL), urina (proteínas, creatinina, hemácias e leucócitos) e percepção de esforço dos triatletas Endurance training process and competition promote physiological changes in the athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the endurance training in the triathlete on body composition, muscle damage, inflamation, metabolic shift, oxidative stress, urine changes, state of anxiety, and perceived effort. Twelve male triathletes with 6,5 years of experience and 32,6 years old were measured in tree moments of the training program (M-1, M-2 and M-3) and 30´ after the competition (M-4) for the antropometric parameters (body mass, skin fold and electrical impedance). Blood and urine samples were collected on the M-1, M-2 and after the competition. The athletes answered the SCAI-2 on M-1, M-2 and M-3 and the RPE Borg scale was used after the competition. Reductions in body composition by electrical impedance were found before and after the race. Muscle injury enzymes and IL-6 and IL-10 were elevated only after the race. Both metabolic shift indicators (cortisol and free fatty acids) were elevated after the competition but cortisol showed elevated base line on M-2. Oxidative stress did not change in any moment. Urine protein, creatinine, erythrocytes and leucocytes were elevated only after the triathlon. There was no difference on the state anxiety and the perceived effort was higher in the end of triathlon. The results suggest that the endurance training program promoted changes in body composition (BIA) and metabolic shift (cortisol). The triathlon competition promoted changes in muscle damage indicators (CK and LDH), inflamation (IL-6 and IL-10), metabolic shift (cortisol and AGL), urine (proteins, creatinine, erythrocytes and leukocytes) and perceived effort on the athletes

Self-assembly of tubulin heterodimers in solution has been studied in the past to predict the effects that ligands and/or conformational changes have on the formation of tubulin filaments. Self-assembly of tubulin in solution has produced formations similar to cellular microtubules (MTs). The present study reports on the effects that two porphyrins (protoporphyrin IX, PPIX and tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin, TPPS) produce on the self-assembly of tubulin alpha,beta-heterodimers in buffer solution. The study shows that, when incubated simultaneously with MT-stabilizing ligands (i.e., paclitaxel and guanosine triphosphate, GTP), porphyrins do not affect the ability of tubulin to form MT. However, if paclitaxel and GTP are added after tubulin has been allowed to self-assemble in the presence of either porphyrin, the ability to form MT-like structures is reduced or suppressed. We suggest that this effect is due to the formation of porphyrin-mediated aggregates that cannot be broken or elongated by the addition of GTP or paclitaxel.

ObjetivoAvaliar efetividade da luz emissora de diodo, associada ao laser infravermelho, laser vermelho e luz halógena como potencializadores do clareamento dental. MétodosForam selecionados trinta dentes bovinos hígidos que foram corados. As amostras foram divididas em: Grupo 1 controle negativo; Grupo 2 controle positivo; Grupo 3 aplicação do gel clareador; grupo 4 aplicação do gel e fotoativação com luz halógena; grupo 5 aplicação do gel e fotoativação com luz emissora de diodo; grupo 6 aplicação do gel e fotoativação com laser de baixa intensidade (vermelho) e grupo 7: aplicação do gel e fotoativação com luz emissora de diodo associada ao laser de baixa intensidade (infravermelho).ResultadosOs dados obtidos foram tabulados e submetidos ao Teste de Correlação Intraclasse e mostraram correlação de replicabilidade média a boa. As médias aritméticas entre os examinadores foram submetidas ao Teste de Kruskal-Wallis, no qual foi observado que não houve diferença significante entre o controle negativo (dente não corado) e o grupo da luz emissora de diodo. ConclusãoA luz emissora de diodo está indicada como potencializadora no clareamento dentário utilizando o gel clareador Whiteness HPmaxx.

Este artigo aborda a relação existente entre as noções de "Competitividade" e "Território" no contexto das reestruturações produtivas e dinâmicas espaciais da indústria que acentuam a concorrência entre os lugares. Tal relação se torna mais clara em Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL), sobretudo em contextos aglomerativos de médias e pequenas cidades que valorizam seus recursos e atividades diante do processo de desconcentração territorial da indústria. Este estudo parte então da hipótese de que as vantagens competitivas de tais agrupamentos tem vínculo estreito com recursos específicos do território, ou seja, as características históricas, culturais, sociais do ambiente em que as empresas se inserem e que são dinamizadas na proximidade geográfica entre atores, instituições e organizações locais, não sendo facilmente reproduzidas em outros lugares. Ao final, como esforço de análise, é proposto modelo teórico para estudo da "Competitividade territorial" de aglomerações produtivas baseado na associação entre "recursos territoriais" e "competitividade".