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Cancer is a major public health problem and among the treatments available, chemotherapy is one of the most used, although chemotherapy drugs are toxic for cancer cells, they have low specificity and, consequently, become toxic for healthy cells as well. A strategy that seeks to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapy and minimize adverse effects is the use of nanoparticles. For this purpose, the objective was to generally review the available literature on the anticancer activity of nanoparticles loaded with bromelain in the pharmaceutical field. This is a systematic review that had the question “What is the anticancer activity of nanoparticles loaded with bromelain in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology?”. Eight articles were included in this review, all of which presented a quantitative data approach, in which 50% of the publications were concentrated in the year 2014 and 2016, all available in English; and India was the country with the highest number of publications (50%). This study allowed us to observe that nanoparticles loaded with bromelain have the potential to act in the treatment of cancer patients, having an antiproliferative and antitumor effect. It is considered that further research should be carried out in this line of investigation, in order to prove the need to find new treatments for cancer and the action potential of bromelain. El cáncer es un importante problema de salud pública y entre los tratamientos disponibles, la quimioterapia es uno de los más utilizados, aunque los fármacos quimioterápicos son tóxicos para las células cancerosas, tienen baja especificidad y, en consecuencia, se vuelven tóxicos también para las células sanas. Una estrategia que busca incrementar la efectividad terapéutica de la quimioterapia y minimizar los efectos adversos es el uso de nanopartículas. Para ello, el objetivo fue revisar de manera general la literatura disponible sobre la actividad anticancerígena de nanopartículas cargadas con bromelina en el campo farmacéutico. Se trata de una revisión sistemática que tenía la pregunta “¿Cuál es la actividad anticancerosa de las nanopartículas cargadas con bromelina en el campo de la nanotecnología farmacéutica?”. En esta revisión se incluyeron ocho artículos, todos los cuales presentaron un enfoque de datos cuantitativos, en el que el 50% de las publicaciones se concentraron en el año 2014 y 2016, todos disponibles en inglés; e India fue el país con el mayor número de publicaciones (50%). Este estudio permitió observar que las nanopartículas cargadas con bromelina tienen el potencial de actuar en el tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer, teniendo un efecto antiproliferativo y antitumoral. Se considera que se deben realizar más investigaciones en esta línea de investigación, con el fin de demostrar la necesidad de encontrar nuevos tratamientos para el cáncer y el potencial de acción de la bromelina. O câncer é um grande problema de saúde pública e dentre os tratamentos disponíveis a quimioterapia é um dos mais utilizados, embora as drogas quimioterápicas sejam tóxicas para células cancerosas, elas apresentam especificidade baixa e, consequentemente, passam a ser tóxicas para as células saudáveis também. Uma estratégia que busca aumentar a eficácia terapêutica dos quimioterápicos e minimizar os efeitos adversos é a utilização de nanopartículas. Para tal, objetivou-se de modo geral revisar a literatura disponível a atividade anticâncer de nanopartículas carregadas com bromelina na área farmacêutica. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática que teve como problemática “Qual a atividade anticâncer de nanopartículas carregadas com bromelina no campo da nanotecnologia farmacêutica?”. Oito artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão, todos apresentaram abordagem quantitativa dos dados, em que 50% das publicações concentraram-se no ano de 2014 e 2016, todos disponíveis no idioma inglês; e a Índia foi o país com maior número de publicações (50%). Este estudo permitiu observar que nanopartículas carregadas com bromelina apresenta potencial para atuar no tratamento de pacientes com câncer, tendo efeito antiproliferativo e antitumoral. Considera-se que novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas nesta linha de investigação, a fim de provar a necessidade encontrar novos tratamentos para o câncer e o potencial de atuação da bromelina.

Anxiety is a biological signal that the body uses to protect against a threat. It is an emotion that is stimulated by the expectation of an event, real or not, that may threaten the conservation of the organism, where the demonstration of anxiety and stress is considered normal to the point of not causing suffering to the individual, as suffering can cause a pathological anxiety and later result in the so-called anxiety disorders, the objective of the research was to identify factors that predispose the occurrence of anxiety disorders in health professionals. is a bibliographic research of the integrative literature review type. As for the results, health professionals are susceptible to the appearance of anxiety disorders and other mental disorders, where the fact is due to the association of several risk factors such as: age, gender, marital status and the presence of chronic diseases and others. It is concluded that health professionals also need to receive physical and psychological assistance, in addition to social support and implementation of strategies aimed at minimizing the risk of developing mental disorders. La ansiedad es una señal biológica que el cuerpo usa para protegerse contra una amenaza. Es una emoción que es estimulada por la expectativa de un evento, real o no, que pueda amenazar la conservación del organismo, donde la demostración de ansiedad y estrés se considera normal al punto de no causar sufrimiento al individuo, como sufrimiento. puede provocar una ansiedad patológica y posteriormente dar lugar a los denominados trastornos de ansiedad, el objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los factores que predisponen la ocurrencia de los trastornos de ansiedad en los profesionales de la salud. es una investigación bibliográfica del tipo revisión integradora de la literatura. En cuanto a los resultados, los profesionales de la salud son susceptibles a la aparición de trastornos de ansiedad y otros trastornos mentales, donde el hecho se debe a la asociación de varios factores de riesgo como: edad, sexo, estado civil y presencia de enfermedades crónicas y otros. Se concluye que los profesionales de la salud también necesitan recibir asistencia física y psicológica, además del apoyo social y la implementación de estrategias encaminadas a minimizar el riesgo de desarrollar trastornos mentales. Ansiedade é um sinal biológico que o organismo utiliza como proteção frente a uma ameaça. É uma emoção que é estimulada pela expectativa de um evento, real ou não, que possa ameaçar a conservação do organismo, onde a demonstração de ansiedade e estresse é considerada normal até o ponto de não provocar um sofrimento ao indivíduo, pois o sofrimento pode causar uma ansiedade patológica e resultar posteriormente nos chamados transtornos ansiosos, o objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar fatores que predispõem a ocorrência dos transtornos ansiosos em profissionais de saúde. O é uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Quanto aos resultados, os profissionais da saúde são suscetíveis ao aparecimento de transtornos ansiosos e outros transtornos mentais, onde o fato se deve a associação de diversos fatores de risco como: idade, sexo, estado civil e presença de doenças crônicas e outros. Conclui-se que os profissionais da saúde também precisam receber assistência física e psicológica, além de apoio social e implementação de estratégias que visem minimizar o risco de aparecimento de transtornos mentais.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected parasitic disease for which the conventional treatment can be considered inefficient and extremely aggressive, generating several and severe side effects. Therefore, the discovery of new drug candidates is important for the improvement in the quality of life of patients. Previously, we reported the promising results of isopentyl caffeate (ICaf) against Leishmania chagasi (agent of visceral leishmaniasis) and Leishmania amazonensis (agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis) promastigotes, displaying IC50 of 1.56 and 1.71 M, respectively. Herein, we aimed to decipher the mechanisms of anti-Leishmania action of ICaf. Light and scanning electron microscopy assays showed relevant morphological changes in promastigotes when treated with ICaf, including rounding of the parasite body, shortening of the flagellum, blebs on the plasma membrane and cellular aggregation. The parasite mitochondrion was targeted by ICaf, resulting in a significant reduction in its metabolic activity and electric membrane potential followed by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, which culminated in the loss of plasma membrane integrity and parasite death. Relevantly, ICaf also had a potent anti-amastigote action. The IC50 values calculated for intracellular amastigotes of L. amazonensis were 3.27, 1.60 and 1.52 M, while for L. chagasi the values were 2.48, 1.84 and 1.60 M, respectively, after treating the infected macrophages with ICaf for 24, 48 and 72 h. ICaf was well tolerated by THP-1 macrophages, which gave rise to excellent selectivity indexes considering both Leishmania species. The current results suggest that ICaf may emerge as a chemotherapeutic alternative for the treatment of leishmaniasis., Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES – Financial code 001), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Inovação (FAPITEC/SE), (PROCESSO: 88887.159533/2017-00 extração, encapsulação e caracterização de bioativos para o interesse biotecnologico), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 301964/2019-0 Chamada 06/2019, and Chamada CNPq nº 01/2019), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) for financial support. The authors thank Denise da Rocha de Souza, who is supported by a FAPERJ scholarship, for technical assistance. EBS wishes to acknowledge the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT/MCT) and European Funds (PRODER/COMPETE) for the project UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The gut microbiome impacts metabolic homeostasis, and several inflammatory pathologies including obesity, glucose intolerance, and worsened cardiovascular disease outcomes are associated with an altered gut microbiome. We have previously demonstrated Bifidobacterium animalis lactis 420 ([B420], a probiotic) attenuates myocardial infarct injury in mice following ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury. Further, Oligofructose ([OFS], a prebiotic) improves glucose tolerance, and reduces weight gain in high-fat-diet (HFD) mice. However, the combined ability of B420 and OFS (a synbiotic) on cardiovascular and metabolic disease is unknown. We hypothesized that short-term (2 weeks) synbiotic treatment improves adiposity and glucose tolerance and reduces IR infarct size in HFD fed male mice more than prebiotic or probiotic treatments alone. Adult male mice were fed HFD (45% fat) for 2 weeks and were then treated with OFS (10microliters/gram weight, 200miligram OFS/ 300microliters saline), B420 (10microliters/gram weight, 10 9 CFU/ 300microliters saline), or B420+OFS (synbiotic treatment) via daily gavage for 2 weeks. Following treatment mice underwent an IR protocol, (45-minute ligation followed by reperfusion). Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted prior to and after treatment to determine blood glucose. Fasted mice were gavaged with glucose (2.5g/kg glucose) and blood glucose was measured over 120 minutes. Body weight, and kcal intake were measured weekly. Upon sacrifice epididymal fat mas was weighed to determine adiposity. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or T-test. We found that short-term synbiotic treatment with B420+OFS during HFD-feeding reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance, while probiotic or prebiotic treatment alone had no effect. However, short-term treatment, including synbiotic, did not significantly reduce heart infarct size as previously demonstrated with longer treatment periods. Taken together, these results suggest that synbiotic treatment improves metabolic impairments more rapidly than B420 or OFS alone, and precedes improvements in infarct size.

The average woman spends over 40% of their life in menopause, during which estrogen’s protective roles are lost and women suffer an increased risk of developing inflammatory pathologies including obesity and worsened cardiovascular disease outcomes. Yet, safe, and effective menopause therapies are still unavailable. The gut microbiome impacts both metabolic and circulating estrogen homeostasis. A dysbiotic (unhealthy) gut can contribute to pathologies that are also observed during menopause including increased obesity and worsened myocardial infarct (MI) outcomes. We have previously demonstrated that gut manipulation through prebiotics (Oligofructose [OFS]), attenuates myocardial infarct injury, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced weight gain in mice. We hypothesize that loss of estrogen during menopause results in intestine morphological and microbial changes, worsens MI outcomes and increases weight gain, which can be mitigated with OFS treatment. Menopause was induced in female mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD, 45% fat) via 4-vinylcycohexane diepoxide intraperitoneal injections (controls were injected with sesame oil), menopause (14+days diestrus) was determined by cytology. Following menopause, mice were treated for 6wks with 10% OFS supplemented into the diet (provided ad libitum; controls were fed HFD food only). Mice underwent 3day permanent ligation prior to sacrifice. We observed that menopause results in increased villi density in the duodenum and ileum, and that menopausal mice had a significant increase in both duodenum villi length and wall thickness. Menopause was associated with a shift in the gut microbiota composition. Relative abundance of Alistipes was reduced in menopausal mice, compared to premenopausal mice, and is restored with OFS treatment. Furthermore, menopausal mice had increased weight gain and infarct size compared to premenopausal mice, and OFS attenuated the differences between menopause and perimenopause weight gain over time and infarct size. Together these data demonstrate menopause is associated with intestinal morphological changes and shifts in the gut microbiome, and that in the presence of OFS infarct size and weight gain in menopausal mice are mitigated.

BACKGROUND Medicare is required to fully cover annual wellness visits (AWVs) to increase access to preventive care. As health care converts to pay for performance models, clinical quality measures have increasing importance. Few studies have investigated the effect of pharmacist-delivered AWVs on clinical quality measure attainment in a rural family medicine (FM) clinic setting. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to evaluate attainment of clinical quality measures for pharmacist-delivered AWVs compared with physician-delivered AWVs (usual care). Secondary objectives included assessment of the number and type of drug therapy problems (DTPs) identified by pharmacists during AWVs. METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted within an FM clinic located in southwest Georgia. Two cohorts were created according to the provider of AWVs during 2017: pharmacist or physician-usual care. Data on quality measure eligibility, attainment, and DTPs (for the pharmacist group only) were collected through electronic chart review. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize variables, and chi-square (or Fisher exact where appropriate) tests to compare the proportion of clinical quality measures attained between groups. RESULTS Among 334 delivered AWVs, pharmacists performed 68.6%. Approximately 62% of pharmacist and usual care visits were female with mean ages of 72 (SD +/- 9.1) and 62 (SD +/- 13.9) years, respectively. Pharmacist-delivered AWVs had statistically significant greater quality measure attainment in the following categories: advance care planning, osteoporosis cardiovascular screenings, and Tdap vaccinations compared with usual care (P < 0.05). Usual care had statistically significant greater quality measure attainment for diabetes screening. Seventy-five DTPs were identified in the pharmacist group, with the majority being related to adherence (39%). CONCLUSION Pharmacist-delivered AWVs had greater quality measure attainment in several areas than usual care. Furthermore, increased quality measure attainment may assist in meeting benchmarks set by payers to ensure ongoing reimbursement of these services.

The effect of abiotic factors, such as weather and climate can alter the properties of vegetable oils. In this work, the effects of the refining process and pre-drying of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds collected in the dry and rainy seasons (seasonality) were evaluated on the characteristics of the extracted oils. The refined and crude dry season oils had lower acidity and moisture content than the dry and raw rainy season oils. Oleic acid (C18:1) showed the highest concentration in the different Moringa oils studied. The results suggest that dry season oils are more suitable for application as feedstocks in the cosmetic, food, medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, refining proved to be efficient in removing free fatty acids and in lightening the oil.

The work of a military police officer can lead to the appearance of anxiety disorders. They can have significant impacts on police officers' health, affecting their quality of life and social relationships, and can also affect their performance in terms of their duties and service activities and put their lives and that of third parties at risk. The present study aimed to analyze, through the literature, the scientific evidence of the factors associated with the emergence of anxiety/depression in military police officers. It was an integrative literature review, for which the following clinical question was formulated: “What is the scientific evidence on the factors associated with the emergence of anxiety/depression in military police officers?”. The databases were consulted, using descriptors and keywords, between the years 2015 to 2020, in Portuguese, Spanish and English. Thus, thirteen studies were included in this review, it was observed that military police officers reported suffering from anxiety/depression ranged from 19 to 50 years of age, females prevailed being more vulnerable to disorders, it was identified that police officers from the administrative sector and bureaucratic operational processes, are less likely to develop anxiety disorders or a pathological condition of depression, living with violence, the constant risk of death and excessive workloads are factors that cause stress, anxiety and can trigger depression affecting significantly the quality of life of these officers. Which allows us to conclude that all the results reported the need to optimize the work environment through awareness, promoting adequate knowledge about emotional disorders that are routine, making it possible to reduce the rates of illness in this category. El trabajo de un policía militar puede provocar la aparición de trastornos de ansiedad. Pueden tener impactos significativos en la salud de los policías, afectando su calidad de vida y relaciones sociales, y también pueden afectar su desempeño en cuanto a sus funciones y actividades de servicio y poner en riesgo su vida y la de terceros. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar, a través de la literatura, la evidencia científica de los factores asociados a la aparición de ansiedad / depresión en policías militares. Se trató de una revisión integradora de la literatura, para lo cual se formuló la siguiente pregunta clínica: “¿Cuál es la evidencia científica sobre los factores asociados a la aparición de ansiedad / depresión en policías militares?”. Se consultaron las bases de datos, utilizando descriptores y palabras clave, entre los años 2015 a 2020, en portugués, español e inglés. Así, en esta revisión se incluyeron trece estudios, se observó que los policías militares reportaron padecer ansiedad / depresión en el rango de 19 a 50 años de edad, prevalecieron las mujeres siendo más vulnerables a los trastornos, se identificó que los policías del sector administrativo y procesos operativos burocráticos, tienen menos probabilidades de desarrollar trastornos de ansiedad o una condición patológica de depresión, convivir con la violencia, el riesgo constante de muerte y las cargas laborales excesivas son factores que causan estrés, ansiedad y pueden desencadenar depresión afectando significativamente la calidad de vida de estos oficiales. Lo que nos permite concluir que todos los resultados informaron la necesidad de optimizar el clima laboral a través de la concientización, promoviendo un conocimiento adecuado sobre los trastornos emocionales que son rutinarios, permitiendo reducir las tasas de enfermedad en esta categoría. O trabalho do policial militar pode implicar no aparecimento de transtornos ansiedade. Podendo ter impactos significativos na saúde do policial, afetando sua qualidade de vida e as relações sociais, podem ainda prejudicar o desempenho quanto às suas atribuições e atuações de serviço e colocar em risco sua vida e a de terceiros. O presente estudo objetivou analisar, por meio da literatura, as evidências científicas dos fatores associados ao surgimento de ansiedade/depressão em policiais militares. Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, para qual se formulou a seguinte questão clínica: “Quais as evidências científicas sobre os fatores associados ao surgimento de ansiedade/depressão em policiais militares?”. As bases de dados foram consultadas, por meio de descritores e palavras-chave, entre os anos de 2015 a 2020, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. Desse modo, treze estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão, observou-se que os policiais militares relataram sofrer por ansiedade/depressão variaram de 19 a 50 anos de idade, prevaleceu o sexo feminino sendo mais vulneráveis aos transtornos, foi identificado que os policiais do setor administrativo e processos operacionais burocráticos, são menos propensos a desenvolver transtornos de ansiedade ou um quadro patológico de depressão, a convivência com a violência, o constante risco de morte e as cargas excessivas de trabalho são fatores que causam estresse, ansiedade e podem desencadear a depressão afetando de forma significativa a qualidade de vida desses policiais. O que permite concluir que todos os resultados relataram a necessidade de otimizar o ambiente de trabalho através da conscientização promovendo conhecimento adequado sobre transtornos emocionais que são rotineiros, tornando possível uma redução nos índices de adoecimento dessa categoria.

Background: The objective of this work has been the development of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated with humic acid (HA) and their incorporation into an enamel for antifungal activity. AgNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent and coated with HA. Uncoated AgNPs were synthesized as control. AgNPs and HAAgNPs were characterized by ultravioletvisible spectrophotometry (UVVis), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Xray diffraction (XRD). Size of AgNPs and HAAgNPs was recorded within the nanorange, showing HAAgNPs higher stability than noncoated particles by presenting a single plasmatic band around 400 nm. Results Thermal analysis showed conjugated endothermic peaks, which confirms the compatibility HAAgNPs. FTIR depicted absorptions between 1300 and 1000 cm1 (C = C, Ar H, respectively) demonstrating that HA is adsorbed onto AgNPs. TGA showed that HA does not alter the reduction in mass loss of AgNPs, while it was found by XRD that adding HA promoted the formation of more amorphous AgNPs. The effectiveness of HAAgNPs was evaluated against three different fungal species. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed that ca. 0.5mM of AgNPs were able to inhibit dermatophyte species growth. HAAgNPs were incorporated into a commercial enamel at a concentration of 8% and their organoleptic characteristics, drying time, centrifugation test and thermal stress, were evaluated. Enamels with AgNPs kept their physicochemical properties over 21days of storage. Conclusion HAAgNPs nail polish is thus proposed as an innovative material for onychomycosis infections., This research was financed by the Coordenação Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sergipe (FAPITEC) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). EBS wishes to acknowledge the sponsorship of the project UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund) from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Ministry of Science and Education (FCT/MEC) through national funds, co-financed by FEDER, under Partnership Agreement PT2020., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Since the beginnings of the science of caring for human beings, religious practices and spirituality face a rigorous look from scientists and researchers. Nursing care must provide care and safety measures to the individual under a biopsychosocial unit model, in all physical, social, economic, spiritual and cultural aspects. In this way, this article aimed to analyze the scientific productions about the benefits of religious practices in the provision of nursing care, and specifically describe the importance of religious practices in health status, highlight the main limitations and challenges in nursing care with cultural-religious healing practices and relating nursing behavior to cultural/religious treatment and/or therapy. This is an integrative literature review, in which the question was formulated: "What are the benefits of the association between religious practices and nursing care in the provision of care?". Using descriptors and keywords, the Bireme, CINAHL and PubMed databases were consulted. We used the available studies in full, published in the years 2015 to 2020, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The articles showed that religiosity and spirituality are fundamental dimensions in the healing, rehabilitation and overcoming processes, and should be implemented in the science of care by health professionals. It was concluded that it is the duty of nursing and other areas of health to serve the individual with humanized care, respecting their spiritual-religious needs in treatment and/or therapy. Desde los inicios de la ciencia del cuidado del ser humano, las prácticas religiosas y la espiritualidad enfrentan una mirada rigurosa por parte de científicos e investigadores. El cuidado de enfermería debe brindar medidas de cuidado y seguridad al individuo bajo un modelo de unidad biopsicosocial, en todos los aspectos físicos, sociales, económicos, espirituales y culturales. De esta manera, este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar las producciones científicas acerca de los beneficios de las prácticas religiosas en la prestación de cuidados de enfermería, y específicamente describir la importancia de las prácticas religiosas en el estado de salud, resaltar las principales limitaciones y desafíos en el cuidado de enfermería con los cuidados culturales-religiosos. prácticas curativas y relacionar el comportamiento de enfermería con el tratamiento y / o terapia cultural / religiosa. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, en la que se formuló la pregunta: "¿Cuáles son los beneficios de la asociación entre prácticas religiosas y cuidados de enfermería en la prestación de cuidados?". Mediante descriptores y palabras clave se consultaron las bases de datos Bireme, CINAHL y PubMed. Se utilizaron los estudios disponibles en su totalidad, publicados en los años 2015 a 2020, en inglés, portugués y español. Los artículos mostraron que la religiosidad y la espiritualidad son dimensiones fundamentales en los procesos de curación, rehabilitación y superación, y deben ser implementadas en la ciencia del cuidado por los profesionales de la salud. Se concluyó que es deber de la enfermería y otras áreas de la salud atender al individuo con cuidados humanizados, respetando sus necesidades espiritual-religiosas en el tratamiento y / o terapia. Desde os primórdios da ciência do cuidado ao ser humano, as práticas religiosas e a espiritualidade enfrentam um olhar rigoroso dos cientistas e pesquisadores. A assistência de enfermagem deve prestar cuidados e medidas de segurança ao indivíduo sob um modelo de unidade biopsicossocial, em todos os aspectos físicos, sociais, econômicos, espirituais e culturais. Nesse caminho, este artigo teve como objetivo geral analisar as produções científicas acerca dos benefícios das práticas religiosas na prestação de cuidados de enfermagem, e especificamente descrever a importância das práticas religiosas no estado de saúde, destacar as principais limitações e os desafios nos cuidados de enfermagem com as práticas de cura cultural-religiosa e relacionar as condutas de enfermagem com o tratamento e/ou terapia cultural/religiosa. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual se formulou a questão: "Quais os benefícios da associação entre as práticas religiosas e assistência de enfermagem na prestação de cuidados?". Com uso de descritores e palavras-chaves, foram consultadas as bases de dados Bireme, CINAHL e PubMed. Utilizou-se os estudos disponíveis em totalidade, publicados nos anos de 2015 até 2020, nos idiomas Inglês, Português e Espanhol. Os artigos apresentaram que religiosidade e espiritualidade são dimensões fundamentais nos processos de cura, reabilitacionais e de superação, e devem ser implementadas na ciência do cuidado pelos profissionais de saúde. Concluiu-se que é dever da enfermagem e de outras áreas da saúde, atender o indivíduo com assistência humanizada, respeitando suas necessidades espiritual-religiosas no tratamento e/ou terapia.

Since the beginning of humanity, in various cultures man has been looking for solutions to explain death and alleviate its suffering through science, myths, religions and philosophy. During this process children can present different symptoms in the process of elaboration of grief, such as guilt, fear, anxiety, irritability, anguish, feeling of abandonment, among several other occurrences. This study is a narrative literature review, with a qualitative approach to the facts. The material collection process began with the choice and consultation of key words in DeCS (Descriptors in Health Sciences). After the analysis, a search was made in the SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the following descriptors: Children, grief, feelings and communication. As main results, it was observed for fear of not knowing how to deal with the children's reaction or in an attempt to stop the suffering, it is quite common for adults to try to restrict them from experiencing grief, avoiding the issue because they also believe that they are too new to understand the dimension of death. However, several authors claim that thinking and acting in such a way is useless, since death is part of a definitive process. Preventing the child from experiencing this moment within the comfort and support of the family can be even more harmful to their development. It is concluded that there is a need for changes within the family scenario in favor of child mourning, it is important that children can be seen and respected as someone likely to suffer from the death of a loved one, and that with a more cautious look, adults can value and care for the feelings of this child, so that this experience is experienced in the least harmful way possible. Desde los inicios de la humanidad, en diversas culturas, el hombre ha buscado soluciones para explicar la muerte y aliviar su sufrimiento a través de la ciencia, los mitos, las religiones y la filosofía. En este proceso, los niños pueden presentar diferentes síntomas durante la elaboración del duelo, como culpa, miedo, ansiedad, irritabilidad, angustia, sentimiento de abandono, entre varios otros sucesos. Este estudio es una revisión de la literatura narrativa, con un enfoque cualitativo de los hechos. El proceso de recolección de material se inició con la elección y consulta de palabras clave en los DeCS (Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud). Tras el análisis, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos sciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed y Google Scholar con los siguientes descriptores: niños, duelo, sentimientos y comunicación. Como resultado principal, existía el miedo a no saber cómo lidiar con la reacción de los niños o, en un intento por detener el sufrimiento, es bastante común que los adultos intenten restringirlos de experimentar el duelo, evitando el tema porque ellos también creen que son demasiado nuevos para comprender la dimensión de la muerte. Sin embargo, varios autores afirman que pensar y actuar de esa manera es inútil, ya que la muerte es parte de un proceso definitivo. Evitar que el niño experimente este momento con la comodidad y el apoyo de la familia puede ser aún más perjudicial para su desarrollo. Finalmente, se concluye que existe la necesidad de cambios dentro del escenario familiar a favor del duelo infantil, es importante que los niños puedan ser vistos y respetados como alguien susceptible de sufrir la muerte de un ser querido, y que con un mira con cautela, los adultos pueden valorar y cuidar los sentimientos de este niño, para que esta experiencia se viva de la forma menos dañina posible. Desde o início da humanidade, em várias culturas, o homem vem procurando soluções para explicar a morte e amenizar seu sofrimento através da ciência, mitos, religiões e filosofia. Nesse processo, as crianças podem apresentar sintomas distintos durante a elaboração do luto, como a culpa, o medo, a ansiedade, irritabilidade, angústia, sentimento de abandono, dentre várias outras ocorrências. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa, com abordagem qualitativa dos fatos. O processo de coleta de material se iniciou com a escolha e consulta às palavras chaves no DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde). Após a análise, foi feita uma busca nas bases de dados sciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed e Google Scholar com os seguintes descritores: crianças, luto, sentimentos e comunicação. Como principais resultados, observou-se um receio de não saber lidar com a reação das crianças ou, na tentativa de deter o sofrimento, é bem comum que os adultos tentem restringi-las de viver o luto, evitando o assunto por acreditarem também que as mesmas são novas demais para compreenderem a dimensão da morte. Entretanto, vários autores afirmam que pensar e agir de tal maneira é inútil, já que a morte faz parte de um processo definitivo. Impedir que a criança vivencie esse momento dentro do conforto e amparo familiar pode ser ainda mais prejudicial ao seu desenvolvimento. Conclui-se, por fim, que há necessidade de mudanças dentro do cenário familiar a favor do luto infantil, é importante que as crianças possam ser vistas e respeitadas como alguém passível de sofrer pela morte de um ente querido, e que com um olhar mais cauteloso, os adultos possam valorizar e cuidar dos sentimentos dessa criança, para que desse modo tal experiência seja vivenciada de maneira menos danosa possível.

Disease incidence reported directly within health systems frequently reflects a partial observation relative to the true incidence in the population. State-space models present a general framework for inferring both the dynamics of infectious disease processes and the unobserved burden of disease in the population. Here, we present a state-space model of measles transmission and vaccine-based interventions at the country-level and a particle filter-based estimation procedure. Our dynamic transmission model builds on previous work by incorporating population age-structure to allow explicit representation of age-targeted vaccine interventions. We illustrate the performance of estimators of model parameters and predictions of unobserved states on simulated data from two dynamic models: one on the annual time-scale of observations and one on the biweekly time-scale of the epidemiological dynamics. We show that our model results in approximately unbiased estimates of unobserved burden and the underreporting rate. We further illustrate the performance of the fitted model for prediction of future disease burden in the next one to 15 years.

High-resolution tracking of gold nanoparticle-labeled proteins has emerged as a powerful technique for measuring the structural kinetics of processive enzymes and other biomacromolecules. These techniques use point spread function (PSF) fitting methods borrowed from single-molecule fluorescence imaging to determine molecular positions below the diffraction limit. However, compared to fluorescence, gold nanoparticle tracking experiments are performed at significantly higher frame rates and utilize much larger probes. In the current work, we use Brownian dynamics simulations of nanoparticle-labeled proteins to investigate the regimes in which the fundamental assumptions of PSF fitting hold and where they begin to break down. We find that because gold nanoparticles undergo tethered diffusion around their anchor point, PSF fitting cannot be extended to arbitrarily fast frame rates. Instead, camera exposure times that allow the nanoparticle to fully populate its stationary positional distribution achieve a spatial averaging that increases fitting precision. We furthermore find that changes in the rotational freedom of the tagged protein can lead to artifactual translations in the fitted particle position. Finally, we apply these lessons to dissect a standing controversy in the kinesin field over the structure of a dimer in the ATP waiting state. Combining new experiments with simulations, we determine that the rear kinesin head in the ATP waiting state is unbound but not displaced from its previous microtubule binding site and that apparent differences in separately published reports were simply due to differences in the gold nanoparticle attachment position. Our results highlight the importance of gold conjugation decisions and imaging parameters to high-resolution tracking results and will serve as a useful guide for the design of future gold nanoparticle tracking experiments.

Urinary metabolomics offers a non-invasive means of obtaining information about the system-wide biological health of a patient. Untargeted metabolomics approaches using one-dimensional gas chromatography (GC) are limited due to the chemical complexity of urine, which poorly detects co-eluting low-abundance analytes. Metabolite detection and identification can be improved by applying comprehensive two-dimensional GC, allowing for the discovery of additional viable biomarkers of disease. In this work, we applied comprehensive two-dimensional GC coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) to the analysis of urine samples collected daily across 28-days from 10 healthy female subjects for a personalized approach to female reproductive health monitoring. Through this analysis, we identified 935 unique volatile metabolites. Two statistical methods, a modified T-statistic and Wilcoxon Rank Sum, were applied to analyze differences in metabolome abundance on ovulation days as compared to non-ovulation days. Four metabolites (2-pentanone, 3-penten-2-one, carbon disulfide, acetone) were identified as statistically significant by the modified T-statistic but not the Rank Sum, after a false-discovery rate of 0.1 was set using a Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Subsequent analyses by boxplot indicated that the putative volatile metabolic biomarkers for fertility are expressed in increased or decreased abundance in urine on the day of ovulation. Individual analysis of metabolome expression across 28-days revealed some subject-specific features, which suggest a potential for long-term, personalized fertility monitoring using metabolomics.

Bidirectional cargo transport along microtubules is carried out by opposing teams of kinesin and dynein motors. Despite considerable study, the factors that determine whether these competing teams achieve net anterograde or retrograde transport in cells remain unclear. The goal of this work is to use stochastic simulations of bidirectional transport to determine the motor properties that most strongly determine overall cargo velocity and directionality. Simulations were carried out based on published optical tweezer characterization of kinesin-1 and kinesin-2, and for available data for cytoplasmic dynein and the dynein-dynactin-BicD2 (DDB) complex. By varying dynein parameters and analyzing cargo trajectories, we find that net cargo transport is predicted to depend minimally on the dynein stall force, but strongly on dynein load-dependent detachment kinetics. In simulations, dynein is dominated by kinesin-1, but DDB and kinesin-1 are evenly matched, recapitulating recent experimental work. Kinesin-2 competes less well against dynein and DDB, and overall, load-dependent motor detachment is the property that most determines a motor's ability to compete in bidirectional transport. It follows that the most effective intracellular regulators of bidirectional transport are predicted to be those that alter motor detachment kinetics rather than motor velocity or stall force.

A Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM) tem sido intensamente pesquisada por arqueólogos, produzindo um conhecimento significativo sobre a história indígena regional. Entretanto, também é necessário conhecer as condições paleoclimáticas e o contexto ambiental em que essas ocupações ocorreram. Este trabalho pretende contribuir com pesquisas já desenvolvidas pelo Laboratório de Arqueologia e Estudo da Paisagem da UFVJM na Área Arqueológica de Serra Negra, na face leste da SdEM, entre as bacias dos rios Jequitinhonha e Doce. O objetivo deste trabalho é a reconstituição paleoambiental desta região utilizando como indicadores os fitólitos, partículas de sílica que se depositam no interior das células das plantas e que permitem inferir a vegetação de onde se originaram. Em Felício dos Santos, foram coletados sedimentos do Sítio Arqueológico Cabeças 4, que foi ocupado em uma faixa cronológica entre 7225 anos AP e 480 anos cal AP. Além disso, coletou-se uma amostra em cada horizonte de um perfil de Organossolo próximo ao Sítio Arqueológico. Nas amostras do Sítio Arqueológico Cabeças 4 predominam fitólitos de gramíneas e palmeiras. Estes resultados foram corroborados com os do perfil de solo, que se apresentam preservados e distribuídos de forma homogênea. As análises de fitólitos se mostraram promissoras para inferências de variações climáticas e um maior conhecimento do ambiente em que se processou a ocupação arqueológica regional. A B S T R A C T The Southern Espinhaço Mountain Range (SdEM) has been intensively studied by archaeologists, producing significant knowledge on the regional indigenous history. However, it is also necessary to know the paleoclimatic conditions and environmental context in which such occupations occurred. This work intends to contribute to research developed by the Archeology and Landscape Studies Laboratory of UFVJM in the Archaeological Area of Serra Negra, located on the eastern side of the SdEM, between the Jequitinhonha and Doce river basins. The objective of this work is paleoenvironmental reconstruction of this region using phytoliths, silica particles deposited inside plant cells, enabling inference of the vegetation from which they originated. Sediments were collected from the Cabeças 4 Archaeological Site, in Felício dos Santos, which was occupied during a chronological period between 7225 and 480 years cal BP. In addition, a sample was collected from each horizon of an organosol profile near the Archaeological Site. Phytoliths from grasses and palm trees predominate in the samples from the Cabeças 4 Archaeological Site. These results were corroborated with the types found in the soil profile, which are preserved and homogeneously distributed in the profile. Therefore, the phytolith analyses were promising for inferences of climatic variations and for improving knowledge on the environment in which the regional archaeological occupation occurred. Keywords: archaeological site; organosol; climatic variations.

The present study aimed to analyze, through the literature, the scientific evidence that involves the clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. This is an integrative literature review, which asked the following question: What is the scientific evidence on the epidemiological clinical characterization of patients undergoing the hemodialysis process? A PICo strategy was set up in which, through descriptors and keywords, the PubMed databases of the National Library of Medicine were consulted; VHL (Virtual Health Library), and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). The studies available in their entirety, published between the years 2015 to 2020, in Portuguese, English and Spanish were used. Thirteen studies were included in this review. The thirteen studies presented the clinical and epidemiological characterization of these patients, prevailing: male gender, age 20-59 years, low education, low income, with underlying diseases hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the most frequent complaints associated with hemodialysis, were changes headache, cramps, nausea, vomiting, mental changes and changes in lifestyle. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the achievement of a continuous verification of the epidemiology of these chronic kidney patients, aiming at the early detection of this pathology, as well as the appropriate therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of the disease, seeking to minimize the suffering of these patients, always focusing in the integral care of individuals and the reduction of unfavorable outcomes. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar, a través de la literatura, la evidencia científica que involucra los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de los pacientes sometidos a terapia de hemodiálisis. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, que planteó la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuál es la evidencia científica sobre la caracterización clínica epidemiológica de los pacientes sometidos al proceso de hemodiálisis? Se estableció una estrategia PICo en la que, a través de descriptores y palabras clave, se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed de la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina; BVS (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud) y CINAHL (Índice Acumulativo de Literatura en Enfermería y Afines en Salud). Se utilizaron los estudios disponibles en su totalidad, publicados entre los años 2015 a 2020, en portugués, inglés y español. Se incluyeron trece estudios en esta revisión. Los trece estudios presentaron la caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de estos pacientes, predominando: sexo masculino, edad 20-59 años, baja escolaridad, bajos ingresos, con enfermedades de base hipertensión y diabetes mellitus, las quejas más frecuentes asociadas a la hemodiálisis, fueron cambios en la cefalea, calambres, náuseas, vómitos, cambios mentales y cambios en el estilo de vida. Por tanto, se espera contribuir a la consecución de una verificación continua de la epidemiología de estos pacientes renales crónicos, con el objetivo de la detección precoz de esta patología, así como los abordajes terapéuticos adecuados para prevenir el desarrollo de la enfermedad, buscando minimizar el sufrimiento de estos pacientes, siempre enfocándose en la atención integral de las personas y la reducción de desenlaces desfavorables. O presente estudo objetivou analisar, por meio da literatura, as evidências científicas que envolvem os aspectos clinico-epidemiológicos de pacientes submetidos a terapia de hemodiálise. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, onde formulou-se a seguinte questão: Quais as evidências científicas sobre a caracterização clínica epidemiológica de pacientes submetidos ao processo de hemodiálise? Montou-se uma estratégia PICo na qual, por meio de descritores e palavras-chave foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed da National Library of Medicine; BVS (Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde), e CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). Utilizaram-se os estudos disponíveis em sua totalidade, publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2020, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram incluídos treze estudos nesta revisão. Os treze estudos apresentaram a caracterização clínica-epidemiológica desses pacientes, prevalecendo: sexo masculino, idade de 20-59 anos, baixa escolaridade, baixa renda, com doenças de base hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus, as queixas mais frequentes associadas a hemodiálise, foram alterações físicas, cefaleia, câimbras, náuseas, vômitos, alterações mentais e alterações nos hábitos de vida. Portanto, espera-se contribuir para o alcance de uma verificação contínua da epidemiologia desses pacientes renais crônicos, visando a detecção precoce dessa patologia, como também as devidas condutas terapêuticas para evitar o desenvolvimento da doença, buscando minimizar o sofrimento desses pacientes, com foco sempre no cuidado integral dos indivíduos e a redução de desfechos desfavoráveis.

O Capítulo intitulado A construção da saúde na escola: uma ação preventiva de doenças escrito por Angelita Alves Almeida, Claudia Márcia Fricks Jordao Belonia Terra, Claudiana do Nascimento, Cristiani Jordão Gomes de Almeida, Danielle Correia Santana, Kamila Batista Nunes Viana, Luciana Tonon Fontana, Marciana dos Santos Silva Ventura, Rita Maria Fernandes Leal Moreira Cacemiro. Os autores abordam a escola como local de intervenção e possíveis trabalhos profissionais na prevenção de doenças a partir de uma perspectiva pedagógica. Os mesmos se propõem a trabalhar a construção da saúde na escola e apontar como que essa inserção pode agir na prevenção de doenças. Programas como o Saúde na Escola (PSE) são canais do Estado com a escola para unir as duas áreas e promover essa linhagem de ensino, além de garantir instruções em campos variados em áreas multidisciplinares. A escola se tornou o principal vínculo do poder público com a sociedade, pois é através dela que se pode alcançar quase que integralmente as futuras gerações e garantir modificações nos espectros sociais que não colaboram para o melhoramento da qualidade de vida. Apontar políticas de saúde na escola e observar os dados positivos relacionados a este tópico, está nos objetivos deste trabalho, além de buscar dentro da literatura embasamentos que justifiquem as situações descritas no desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa

A educação consiste em um tema amplo e complexo, permeado por desafios antigos e contemporâneos. Diante disto nos deparamos com diferentes realidades presentes na sociedade brasileira que incidem sobre as políticas públicas de educação, as quais precisam ser problematizadas a partir de diálogos multidisciplinares, sobre a perspectiva de falar junto ao outro e não pelo outro e permitir aos profissionais que vivenciam esses encontros registrar seus afetos e compartilhar suas experiências. Neste sentido esta obra trata-se de uma aposta ética, estética e política, que busca integrar os saberes de diferentes categorias profissionais e pesquisadores que se encontram inseridos no campo da educação. Pensamos em possíveis trabalhos profissionais a serem desenvolvidos por meio da multidisciplinaridade face às políticas públicas e sociais.