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Does the music work remain the sole property of the composer? What could have sensitized the performer to the point that he improvises his own short introduction before starting the piece, and changes the authentic nuances in some bars? Is the definition of „impromptu” giving freedom to reflect the true feeling inspiration of the performance moment? The article includes an introduction on F. Schubert, famous Austrian composer and pianist, the study of the impromptu genre defi nition and historical context. The authors have chosen interpretative versions on F. Schubert’s Impromptu no. 3, op.90 off ered by V. Horowitz, S.Richter, D.Lipatti, M.J. Pires, D. Fray, K. Buniatishvili. Besides a short description of their pianistic abilities, the authors tried to reveal the individual approach of each performer. It is important to mention an unusual treatment of this genre by D. Lipatti who added his own two bars improvised on Schubert’s text.

Islamic History has been one of the most important areas of interest for Western scholars in the past. Especially Ottoman history has been analyzed through the centuries and different researches and studies have been claimed. One of the important names contributing to the field is Franz Babinger. Franz Babinger is a historian known in Turkey for his works titled "Mehmet the Conqueror and His Time" and "Ottoman History Writers and Their Works". The German orientalist, who made surprising claims, was subjected to different criticisms. Therefore, in this study, Franz Babinger's life is presented and his academic qualifications, scientific working methods and his working environment are discussed.

The significance of the study is due to the need to update the memory of the personality and work of the East German writer Franz Fuhmann, undeservedly forgotten in the era of united Germany. The novelty of the proposed study is due to the fact that the materials that testify to the long and painstaking preparatory work to create a play about Alces and this work itself have not only not been translated, but have not been studied in Russian German studies either. It is noted that the problem of “inclusion” of artistic consciousness in new media makes it necessary to approach the reception of the classical heritage from a new point of view. It is indicated that Franz Fuman is one of the brightest experimenters in this field. It is shown that psychological rethinking of traditional mythological situations and the creation of their new versions prevail in his dramatic experiments, which allows us to see the timeless grain of the myth. It is argued that in the named work the writer does not deviate from the formulation of the burning topics of our time, but elevates their understanding to a higher level of the eternal questions of mankind. It is emphasized that in this context it is not surprising that the writer turned to the traditions of antiquity, primarily mythology. The author of the article believes that the study of the dramatic experiments of Franz Fumann helps to supplement the picture of the genre and style diversity of his work with new facts.

On dokuzuncu yüzyılda yaşanan sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel gelişmeler müzik alanındaki gelenekleri değiştirmiş ve yeni geleneklerin temelini atmıştır. Konservatuvarların, sahnelerin, konserlerin ve basımevlerinin çoğalması birbirinin gelişimini tetiklemiş ve parlak virtüözlerin yolunu açmıştır. Sanat merkezlerinden biri olan Paris, birçok besteci-icracıya ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Franz Liszt ve Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin bu müzisyenler arasındadır. Eserlerinin büyük bir kısmı piyano için olan Chopin’in, yayımlama amacı gütmeden yazdığı on dokuz şarkısı vardır. Eserlerin dönemin olanakları dâhilinde tanıtılması, yayılması, seslendirilmesi ve öğrenilmesi amacıyla yapılan uyarlamaların popüler olduğu on dokuzuncu yüzyılda Liszt, Chopin’in şarkıları arasından altı tanesini seçerek onları solo piyano için uyarlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Życzenie adlı şarkının Chopin’in yazdığı orijinal hali ile Liszt’in yaptığı Mädchens Wunsch adlı uyarlama karşılaştırmalı olarak melodik açıdan incelenmiştir.

In this study, a new approach to pesticide permeation through the apple peel into the pulp is discussed. The tested compounds can be classified, based on mode of action, as systemic (boscalid, cyprodinil, pirimicarb, propiconazole and tebuconazole) or contact (captan, cypermethrin and fludioxonil) pesticides. The barrier effect was assessed using a Franz flow-type vertical diffusion cell system. A residue analysis was performed using a modified quick, easy, cheap, efficient, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method coupled to gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LODs) ranged between 2.6 µg kg−1 (pirimicarb) and 17 µg kg−1 (captan), with the coefficient of variability (CV) lower than 6%, while recoveries ranged from 85% (boscalid) to 112% (captan) at 0.1 and 1 mg kg−1 spiked levels. The highest peel penetration was observed for pirimicarb, captan and cyprodinil, with cumulative permeations of 90, 19 and 17 µg cm−2, respectively. The total absorption was in the range from 0.32% (tebuconazole) to 32% (pirimicarb). Only cypermethrin was not quantitatively detected in the pulp, and its use can be recommended in crop protection techniques. The obtained results indicate that molecular weight, octanol-water partition coefficient and water solubility are important parameters determining the process of pesticide absorption.

This study reviews the presence of the composer Franz Schubert in five poems by Màrius Torres. These texts were written between 1933 and 1938, while Torres consolidated and evolved as a poet. The writer from Lleida performed musical scores with the piano and the Austrian composer, through his Lieder, became a model, something that is evident in the different ways in which transtextuality is present, not only between the songs’ lyrics and Torres’ poems, but also between the musical compositions and these same poems. This study analyzes how, on the one hand, Schubert’s Lieder “Der Erlkönig” and “Der Tod und das Mädchen”, with texts by Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Matthias Claudius respectively, work as a starting point – or hypotext – for three poems by the Catalan poet, “El rei dels verns”, “La Mort i el Jove” and “Paraules de la Mort”, thus converted into hypertexts. On the other hand, Torres’ two poems “Adverbis de Schubert” and “Mai” refer to the Austrian composer from the intertextual relationship with the poem “Jamais” by Alfred de Musset. At the same time Torres mentions Schubert and the Lied “Ständchen” with text by Ludwig Rellstab in “Adverbis de Schubert”, but the Catalan poet hides Schubert’s copresence in “Mai”

Briefe einer Puppe – verfasst von Franz Kafka als Trost für ein Mädchen, das seine Puppe in einem Berliner Park verloren hat und weint? Diese von Kafkas letzter Lebensgefährtin Dora Diamant mündlich überlieferte Episode aus der gemeinsam verbrachten Zeit in Berlin kurz vor seinem Tod erweist sich – trotz oder wegen ihres unklaren Wahrheitsgehalts – als Quelle literarisch-poetischer Inspiration für Schriftsteller:innen über einen Zeitraum von mehr als sechzig Jahren. Der Beitrag geht diesem Phänomen und damit der literarischen Resonanz auf einen ‚ganz anderen‘ Kafka in zahlreichen dieser Texte nach.

The article is a review of the monograph entitled Bildung und Demokratie in der Weimarer Republik, published by Franz Steiner Verlag in 2022. This monograph is an effect of the academic conference “Bildung und Demokratie”, that took place in 2020 and was organized by the Weimar Republic Research Institution of the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena and Weimarer Republik e. V. The editors of the reviewed monograph, namely Andreas Braune, Sebastian Elsbach, and Ronny Noak, are renowned scholars specializing in problematics of the Weimar Republic. This review article contains a short de- scription and evaluation of all sixteen chapters published together as a monograph. As a whole, they refer to a wide spectrum of subjects. However, their common ground is the question of the education of both youth and adults on the subjects of democracy and republicanism during the period of the Weimar Republic. All issues raised in the monograph are also analysed in the context of the very complex political reality of Weimar Germany. The article ends with general remarks on the problematics discussed in the monograph.

By analyzing the story "Report to the Academy" by Franz Kafka and considering it in the context of Aristotle's and Heidegger's views on the explanation of man, this research has tried to achieve a new reading of the concept of man. Aristotle considers the concept of wisdom or Logos to be the foundation of human beings; he repeatedly states this opinion in his three important works, namely "Politics", "Ethics of Nicomachus" and "Poetry". Although Aristotle's opinion has been accepted in the history of thought, this does not mean that others are trying to explain new readings that did not come from humans. One of these thinkers is Martin Heidegger. In the article "Language", Heidegger, while dealing with the nature of language, also explores the nature of man. According to this research, Aristotle's emphasis on the originality of wisdom or logos on the one hand and Heidegger's interpretation of man as a linguist being on the other hand, can lead us to a new point of view. Based on this, wisdom and language are neither completely different nor completely similar. These two concepts can be used to complement each other. By referring to Kafka's story, this approach is clearly visible. Human nature is nothing but the harmony of wisdom and language.

The focus of this article is the comparative review of the translated versions of Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis into the Albanian language. Based on theoretical concepts on literary translation, the study uses the comparative method in the review of four translated variants into Albanian by the translators: Rexhep Hida (1992), Ardian Klosi (2010), Gjergj Vlashi (2012) and Primo Shllaku (2018), which also make up the corpus of this study. The aim is to identify the translated variant in the Albanian language which is closest to Kafka's source text, based on the fact that the difficulties of translation and its challenges are related to a number of internal and external factors such as the selection of semantic equivalences, the re-creation of the effect of the work in a new language without missing the message of the source text, etc. The paper begins with a philological analysis (Solar 1976, 31) of the editions of the versions at different times and continues the analysis on the evaluation of the translations based on three aspects: structural, semantic as well as syntactic-morphological and spelling ones. In conclusion, we can say that the translations of the work Metamorphosis represent new variants. They aim to adhere to the original source text by trying to select semantic, structural and linguistic equivalences that best preserve the meaning of the source text and convey its artistic effect. These equivalences are conditioned by the complexity and purpose of the source text, the language and style of the author, as well as by the translator's form of understanding and the linguistic competence he possesses.Received: 20 November 2022 Accepted: 26 March 2023 Published: 09 April 2023

The 18th century was a politically crucial period for the Ottomans and the Habsburg Empire. The Ottomans, who retreated from the lands they conquered in Europe in previous centuries due to the wars they lost against their arch-enemy Habsburg Empire, also had to cope with their internal problems. At the beginning of the 18th century, the Habsburg envoy Anselm Franz von Fleischmann, who undertook a diplomatic mission in the Ottoman lands between 1711 and 1716, reported the Turkish social life and political developments to Vienna in nearly 70 documents. The reports, as mentioned above, include Fleischmann's correspondence with foreign politicians and his letters. These correspondences and reports can be a research topicfor Digital History studies, a branch of Digital Humanities. It is possible to work on these documents with visualization tools in this context. "Palladio" is a web-based platform that allows Humanities scholars to upload data andexplore it through various visualization types easily. It is a digital research tool explicitly designed for humanistic inquiry. This study includes adapting Anselm Franz von Fleischmann'sreports to Palladio, which is a multi-layered visualization tool. In this way, it is aimed to processa subject in the field of Diplomatic History with Digital History tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At temperatures higher than 341 K, vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a strongly correlated metal with resistivity exceeding the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit. Its electronic thermal conductivity is lower than that predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law, and can be explained by nonquasiparticle transport where heat and charge currents follow separate diffusive modes. In contradiction, the Wiedemann-Franz law is a direct consequence of quasiparticle transport where charge carriers are elastically scattered. In this work, we enhance elastic electron scattering in VO2 by introducing atomic disorder with ion irradiation. A gradual and eventually full recovery of the WF law is observed at high defect densities. This observation provides an example that connects hydrodynamic quasiparticle transport to nonquasiparticle transport in metallic systems.

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Verbreitung und Rezeption der historischen Romane des deutschsprachigen Autors Carl Franz van der Velde (1779-1824) zu analysieren, um Hinweise darauf zu finden, wo diese Bücher zirkulierten und wie sie von einigen deutschen Literaturkritikern im neunzehnten Jahrhundert gelesen wurden, um auf diese Weise einen Beitrag zu den Studien über die Geschichte des Buches und des Lesens zu leisten. Das Korpus der Untersuchung besteht aus Auswertungen von Bibliothekskatalogen weltweit, aus den Bewertungen der Kritiker, die in zwei deutschen Literaturzeitschriften – der Leipziger Literaturzeitung (1800-1833) und der Jenaische Allgemeinen Literaturzeitung (1804-1841) ­– veröffentlicht wurden, und aus den brasilianischen Bibliothekskatalogen und Zeitungsanzeigen, die auf der Website der Brasilianischen Nationalbibliothek verfügbar sind. In der Analyse werden drei Hauptaspekte betrachtet: wie viele Ausgaben und Übersetzungen van der Veldes Romane im 19. Jahrhundert erlebten, welche Kriterien zur Bewertung seiner Bücher verwendet wurden und wie ihre Verbreitung in Brasilien war. Die Analyse zeigt, dass van der Veldes Werke in verschiedenen Ländern weit verbreitet waren und in den literarischen Zeitungen meist positiv bewertet wurden, was Informationen über die Relevanz und Verbreitung des deutschsprachigen historischen Romans, insbesondere in der ersten Hälfte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, liefern kann.

A comparative analysis of inter-annual changes in ice coverage and time scales of its variability in the waters surrounding the Svalbard and Franz Josef Land archipelagos has been performed. The analysis was carried out for the selected quasi-homogeneous regions. Open sources of information (satellite observations) collected by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute were used. Seasonal and inter-annual changes in ice coverage were studied over the period 1979–2019, since the uniform series of the satellite data were available for this period. The change of a relatively stable type of ice regime to a regime with a high level of inter-annual variability, which occurred in 2004–2006, was established. A significant negative trend in the change in ice coverage, characteristic of the waters surrounding both archipelagos, was revealed. Correlation and spectral analyses were used to estimate possible periods of cyclic fluctuations in ice coverage (taking into account the limited duration of the observation series), which amounted about 5–6 years. An efforts were made to establish possible relationships between the ice coverage fluctuations and the main atmospheric and oceanic indices. Essentially, no statistical connection with the main atmospheric indices (Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations) was found, but the feedback with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation index had been established. The maximum correlation coefficients for Spitsbergen are observed in the winter season, while in the area of Franz-Joseph Land this takes place in summer, which may be attributed to the final velocity of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation signal.

The purpose of this research is to identify, from the application of analytical strands, how Franz Liszt (1811-1886) materializes the mermaid myth in his Lied Der Fischerknabe, about the writer's text Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805). The bibliographic survey reveals that Liszt is historically remembered for his exacerbated virtuosity and his contribution to the evolutionary path that harmony would follow in later decades; However, he is neglected as a songwriter by his contemporaries, such as Schubert, Schumann, Wolf and Brahms. In Der Fischerknabe, Liszt traces an intimate relationship between text and music, linking the subjective images of poetry to its harmonic language, melodic conduction, modulatory character, accompanying figuration, and constant tonal contrasts, thus presenting literary-musical images linked to the myth of the mermaid. It was concluded that the lyricism and the symbiosis between text and music reached by Liszt in this Lied approach the consecrated procedures of other geniuses related to the genre.

this work investigates the performance strategies associated with voluntary temporal manipulations present in thirty recordings released between 1939 and 2019 of Franz Schubert’s Allegretto in C minor for piano (1827). Understanding that the work presents its theme in three different key levels, it aims to verify whether there is any relation between the date of recording and the Tempi/Performance strategies employed by the artists. To do so, it defines the concept of period according to Brazilian theorist Esther Scliar; performs a brief revision of the literature concerning the relations on performance and tonalities in the view of professors/performers (Lhevinne, Leimer e Gieseking, Paderevski and Fraser), composers/theorists (Schoenberg and Persichetti) and on Psychoacustics (Parncutt); extract the data form the segments of the recordings and discuss them. As a conclusion it verifies that, in fact, there is (as far as delimited by the thirty recordings) relevant relations that correlates tempo and strategies with the decades that the recordings took place.

The date of the expected birth is important not just for future parents but rather for obstetricians and gynecologists. Midwives and doctors of all generations know and apply the Naegele rule, based on the dates of menstruation for determining duration of pregnancy. Despite the advent of ultrasound diagnostics that provides a more accurate method to calculate an expected date of birth, up until now the Naegele rule remains relevant.

Este trabajo es un estudio cruzado de tres novelas del área Caribe y Centroamericana: Tikal Futura (2012) del guatemalteco-nicaragüense Franz Galich, El indio sin ombligo (2007) del panameño Rafael Pernett y Morales, y La mucama de Omicunlé (2015) de la dominicana Rita Indiana. Analizamos la manera en que se pone en marcha la mecánica cienciaficcional: la conformación de la extrañeza global o de universo y las distintas modalidades de emergencia del novum (Suvin). También estudiamos las distintas maneras en que el substrato mítico perteneciente a las culturas periféricas (autóctonas y afrodescendientes) funcionan como novum dentro del tejido textual. Finalmente, abordamos la dimensión transtextual en los tres textos (haciendo hincapié en la metatextualidad) y la relación de éstos con el “architexto” ciencia ficción

Franz Liszt created a new tradition by playing transcriptions and paraphrasing the most well-known operas and works of his time on his fabulous concerts. This habit created new genres like Transcriptions (Reminiscences de Norma S. 394, Grandes études de Paganini S. 141) and Paraphrases (The Rigoletto Paraphrase S.434, The Ernani Paraphrase S. 432). The Variations on „Weinen Klagen Sorgen Zagen” fits into both categories: On the one hand Liszt paraphrases J.S.Bach’s Crucifixus and the 12th Cantata. On the other hand, he transcribes with a great craftsmanship his piano work for organ. The historical and private background of this work testifies to an extraordinary faith.

Erika Manders, Daniëlle Slootjes (eds.), Leadership, Ideology and Crowds in the Roman Empire of the Fourth Century AD, Heidelberger althistorische Beiträge und epigraphische Studien, Band 62, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2020, 200 pages, ISBN 978-3-515-12407-2.

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Clothing plays an important role in the tragedy ‘König Ottokars Glück und Ende’ by the Austrian dramatist Franz Grillparzer – however, this role has not yet been adequately explored. Coats, jackets, helmets and garters are not mere props in the play; sometimes they are elevated to the level of symbols which can (and indeed must) be interpreted. Two types of garment play a particularly important symbolic role: Emperor Rudolf’s grey jacket (jerkin) and King Ottokar’s gold-embroidered coat. The King’s coat is a symbol of his power and authority, yet it also evokes his alienation from his Bohemian subjects. It can also be interpreted as an allusion to the French Emperor Napoleon, whose features are clearly transferred into the figure of Ottokar.

I want to explore a tension in Anna Saunders's rich argument because it confronts much scholarship critical of what we can think of as the liberal democratic constitutional project (LDCP), and which has its roots in debates in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries sparked by the Marxist critique of capitalism. The tension is between the following two claims that she makes in her article, “Constitution-Making as a Technique of International Law: Reconsidering the Post-war Inheritance.” First, LDCP focuses on the formal dimension of institutional design and thereby fails to pay attention to a significant dimension of a constitutional order: its material basis. In this case, the remedy might seem simple: “Pay attention!” The second claim, however, is that the formal structure of LDCP is formal in name only. It has its own material basis in the ideology of neoliberalism. If, then, one is concerned as Saunders is about a material basis that reproduces social inequality and economic exploitation, the remedy is to abandon LDCP. My exploration is through Saunders's attention to the divergent analyses of the Nazi state set out by Franz Neumann and Ernst Fraenkel in the 1930s as the launching pad for her investigation of the structure of thought that underpins LDCP and her suggestion that Fraenkel is responsible for the juridical turn in LDCP. I start with some biography, in part inspired by the way in which Saunders weaves the personal and the political into her narrative. It helps to show that the turn is not in itself problematic and, as I conclude, that material questions need to be posed and answered within the framework of a well-designed constitutional order.

Copyright of Rheinische Vierteljahrsblatter is the property of Universitat Bonn, Inst fur Geschichstwissenschaft, Abt Fruhe Neuzeit & Rheinische Landesgeschichte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)