456 results on '"Frank Barry"'
Search Results
152. Capital Flight, Safe Havens, and Secrecy Jurisdictions
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Published
- 2014
153. FDI, transfer pricing and the measurement of R&D intensity
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
Strategy and Management ,Yield (finance) ,Transfer pricing ,Foreign direct investment ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Corporation ,R&D intensity ,Multinational corporation ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Econometrics ,Economics ,Distortion (economics) ,Intensity (heat transfer) ,Industrial organization - Abstract
An important determinant of a region's attractiveness to foreign investors is its rate of corporation tax. Besides stimulating real economic activity, low corporation tax rates also induce multinational corporations to shift profits into the jurisdiction, frequently through the manipulation of transfer prices. This practice can lead to a substantial distortion of output figures. Since national or sectoral R&D intensities are usually measured relative to output, transfer pricing also therefore distorts these measurements. The present paper proposes a simple alternative measure of R&D intensity. Implementation on Irish data shows that the two approaches yield substantially different results.
- Published
- 2005
154. Book Reviews
- Author
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Frank Barry, Steven Henderson, and Sally Randles
- Subjects
General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Published
- 2005
155. Foreign direct investment and wages in domestic firms in Ireland: Productivity spillovers versus labour‐market crowding out
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Holger Görg, Frank Barry, and Eric Strobl
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Competition (economics) ,Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Irish ,language ,Economics ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,Production (economics) ,Sample (statistics) ,Foreign direct investment ,Productivity ,Crowding out ,language.human_language - Abstract
There is a large literature on the positive spillovers frequently thought to be associated with inward foreign direct investment. Aitken et al. (1996) identify several cases, however, where inward FDI appears to have reduced wages in domestic firms. They suggest that this might arise either because foreign firms increase the degree of product‐market competition that domestic firms face, or because they poach the best workers from domestic firms. We concentrate on the second effect, arguing that the first is unlikely to arise in the Irish case to which our data pertain. In a theoretical section we show that the labour‐market poaching effect cannot generate the results postulated if labour markets are competitive and production functions are of the Cobb–Douglas variety, but that it can arise if production functions display higher elasticities of substitution. In an empirical section based on a sample of larger Irish firms we show that, consistent with our theoretical model, foreign presence has different ef...
- Published
- 2005
156. Book Review - 'The Politics of High-Tech Growth: Developmental Network States in the Global Economy' by Séan Ó Riain
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Published
- 2005
157. Prospects for Ireland in an Enlarged EU
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,International economics ,Foreign direct investment ,Standard of living ,Accession ,language.human_language ,Irish ,Agriculture ,Multinational corporation ,Accounting ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,language ,Resizing ,Celtic Tiger ,business ,Finance - Abstract
The CEEC share of Irish exports has grown fivefold since transition began, with export sales expanding in all sectors. Even at current income levels there remains scope for a further doubling of exports, and trade will grow even more substantially if accession facilitates the CEEC in converging more rapidly on EU living standards. Most analyses predict that the EU15 sectors that face the greatest threats of enlargement-induced disruption are Food and Textiles, Clothing and Footwear. In the case of Irish Food Processing, however, the prognosis of the present paper is positive since Irish agricultural output differs quite strongly from that of the CEE economies. The adjustment costs associated with industrial dispution, furthermore, are highest in economies with rigid labour markets, whereas the flexibility of the Irish labour market seems to have improved substantially over the last decade or so. Outward FDI from Ireland has grown strongly over the Celtic Tiger era, and Irish multinational firms have been reasonably active in acquiring companies in their sectors in Cental and Eastern Europe. The main worry for Ireland is that the more successful accession states may divert FDI inflows away from Ireland. Micro-level analysis of the conditions pertaining in some of Ireland's most important foreign-dominated sectors – information technology, pharma-chem and instrument engineering – suggests that these threats may be overstated. The leading CEE economies, rather than drawing FDI away from Ireland, may instead contribute to the further development of EU-wide production networks, making the networks themselves more competitive as global players. The net cost to Ireland of agreements already reached on the financing of enlargement is quite manageable. The cost to Ireland would escalate dramatically, however, if costs and benefits were to be redistributed within the EU in line with current income levels, entailing a substantial transformation of the CAP transfer mechanism.
- Published
- 2004
158. Enlargement and the European Geography of the Information Technology Sector
- Author
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Frank Barry and Declan Curran
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,Computer industry--Europe ,Industrial location--Europe ,Computer industry--Location ,Investments, Foreign--Europe ,Business software ,Information technology ,Distribution (economics) ,International trade ,Foreign direct investment ,Accession ,Software ,Accounting ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,Resizing ,business ,Finance - Abstract
The information technology sector in Europe, comprising the production of computer hardware and software, is disproportionately located on the continent's western periphery. The vast bulk of computers sold in Europe in the 1990s were assembled either in Ireland or Scotland, while Ireland also accounted for over 40 per cent of all packaged software and 60 per cent of all business software sold in Europe. As the sector in both these locations is largely foreign owned, the question arises as to whether EU enlargement might impact on the geography of the sector by diverting information technology FDI from the western to the new eastern periphery. This issue is explored in the present paper by analysis of five individual sub-segments: computer assembly and electronic components, R&D, mass-market packaged software and the remainder of the software sector. The paper deems it likely that computer assembly operations will continue the shift seen in recent years from Ireland and Scotland to Central and Eastern Europe. The production of electronic components such as microchips represents a growing share of activity in most EU locations as well as in the CEE countries. Analysis suggests that this pattern of geographically-dispersed growth will resume once the consequences of the collapse of the high-tech bubble are played out. The distribution of R&D activity across Europe and globally is also considered unlikely to be much affected by enlargement. As for software, as long as localisation activities remain important, Ireland – the EU location in which most of this activity is carried out – seems set to be able to compete strongly, given the attractiveness of its English-language environment and other attributes to the young continental Europeans upon which this activity relies. Most software services remain largely non-tradable however. This sector will grow in the accession states as computer penetration rates converge on the EU average, but without displacing activity from the incumbent EU member states. For firms already competing in the tradable niche software segment, on the other hand, enlargement cannot but be beneficial because of its impact on the size of the market into which they sell.
- Published
- 2004
159. Enlargement and the EU Periphery: Introduction
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Accounting ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Resizing ,International economics ,Finance - Published
- 2004
160. EU Enlargement and the Portuguese Economy
- Author
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Maria Paula Fontoura, Nuno Crespo, and Frank Barry
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Economics and Econometrics ,European Social Fund ,Accounting ,Flexibilty ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economic history ,Economics ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Resizing ,050207 economics ,European union ,media_common ,Portugal ,Skills ,05 social sciences ,Labour Market ,Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI) ,language.human_language ,0506 political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,EU Enlargement ,Economic Impact ,language ,Portuguese ,Low Technology ,Finance - Abstract
Enlargement will have important implications for Portugal. To some extent these are already noticeable in the wake of the Europe Agreements. Portuguese exports bear a strong similarity to those from Central and Eastern Europe and have been losing EU market share as the CEE economies expand. To this extent Portugal can be said to be ‘being squeezed from below’ in that its traditional export sectors face greater competition. At the same time, its specialisation seems to be increasingly confined to low-technology, low-added-value sectors with declining demand, as strong FDI inflows to the CEEC lead to an increasing preponderance of more dynamic sectors in their export structures. Thus, it is also being squeezed from above. This suggests that there may be substantial industrial disruption, in response to which labour market flexibility and dynamic entrepreneurial response is crucial. A worrying aspect of this is that intersectoral mobility is generally easier the more highly educated the workforce – an indicator on which Portugal scores quite poorly. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile mentioning that the Portuguese labour market displays a high degree of flexibility, consistent with its low unemployment rate of recent decades (Bover and Portugal, 2000). This will help to minimise the adjustment costs associated with increased competition from the accession states. he present paper is a broad reflection on the economic impact of Eastern enlargement on the Portuguese economy. Section 2 deals with external trade; Section 3 with inward FDI; Section 4 with migration flows and Section 5 with the Structural and Cohesion Fund programmes. Section 6 concludes. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 2004
161. Multinationals and Training: Some Evidence from Irish Manufacturing Industries
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Holger Görg, Eric Strobl, and Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Sociology and Political Science ,Training Activity ,business.industry ,Ceteris paribus ,Plant level ,Training (civil) ,language.human_language ,Irish ,Manufacturing ,Economics ,language ,business - Abstract
This paper sets out to analyse the effect of plant and sectoral level characteristics on the provision of training to employees using plant level data for Irish manufacturing. There is no clear evidence that foreign owned plants are more likely to provide training. By contrast, we find that they spend less than domestic plants on training, ceteris paribus. There is also no evidence that plants that receive training grants are more likely to provide training. This may be likely to reflect the targeting of training grants on plants that are otherwise unlikely to provide much training. We do, however, find that training activity in the sector, either by other foreign or domestic plants, has a positive effect on plant level training activity, at least for domestic owned plants.
- Published
- 2004
162. Foreign direct investment, agglomerations, and demonstration effects: An empirical investigation
- Author
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Holger Görg, Frank Barry, and Eric Strobl
- Subjects
Attractiveness ,Host country ,Impact factor ,Urban agglomeration ,European integration ,Business ,Foreign direct investment ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Industrial organization ,Reliability (statistics) - Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the localisation of firms can be an important factor in attracting new foreign direct investment into a host country. The authors distinguish between “efficiency agglomerations” which arise as firms increase their efficiency by locating close to each other, and “demonstration effects” whereby existing firms send signals to new investors as to the reliability and attractiveness of the host country. They try to disentangle these two effects by examining the location of US firms in Ireland. They find that both sources of agglomerations have been important determinants of US firm entry into Ireland. JEL no. F23
- Published
- 2003
163. Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis
- Author
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Ernst B. Hunziker, David J. Fink, J. Mary Murphy, and Frank Barry
- Subjects
Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Cell Communication ,Osteoarthritis ,Rheumatology ,medicine ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Bone Marrow Transplantation ,Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair ,business.industry ,Goats ,Stem Cells ,Synovial Membrane ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Stem-cell therapy ,Fibroblasts ,Osteoarthritis, Knee ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ligament ,Stem cell ,business ,Medial meniscus ,Stem Cell Transplantation ,Adult stem cell - Abstract
Objective To explore the role that implanted mesenchymal stem cells may play in tissue repair or regeneration of the injured joint, by delivery of an autologous preparation of stem cells to caprine knee joints following induction of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Adult stem cells were isolated from caprine bone marrow, expanded in culture, and transduced to express green fluorescent protein. OA was induced unilaterally in the knee joint of donor animals by complete excision of the medial meniscus and resection of the anterior cruciate ligament. After 6 weeks, a single dose of 10 million autologous cells suspended in a dilute solution of sodium hyaluronan was delivered to the injured knee by direct intraarticular injection. Control animals received sodium hyaluronan alone. Results In cell-treated joints, there was evidence of marked regeneration of the medial meniscus, and implanted cells were detected in the newly formed tissue. Degeneration of the articular cartilage, osteophytic remodeling, and subchondral sclerosis were reduced in cell-treated joints compared with joints treated with vehicle alone without cells. There was no evidence of repair of the ligament in any of the joints. Conclusion Local delivery of adult mesenchymal stem cells to injured joints stimulates regeneration of meniscal tissue and retards the progressive destruction normally seen in this model of OA.
- Published
- 2003
164. EMU and Cohesion: Introduction
- Author
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Iain Begg and Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Political Science and International Relations ,Cohesion (geology) ,Economics ,Business and International Management ,Economic system ,General Business, Management and Accounting - Published
- 2003
165. Economic Integration and Convergence Processes in the EU Cohesion Countries
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economic integration ,Economics and Econometrics ,Order (exchange) ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Cohesion (chemistry) ,Convergence (economics) ,International economics ,Business and International Management ,General Business, Management and Accounting - Abstract
This article compares the economic performance of the EU cohesion countries ‐ Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland ‐ from 1960 to the present, in order to identify the processes that have promoted or inhibited real convergence prospects at various points in time. The likely impacts of EMU in strengthening or weakening these processes are then analysed. Amongst the factors studied are labour-market performance, macroeconomic stability and the efficacy of microeconomic policy-making.
- Published
- 2003
166. Outward FDI and the Investment Development Path of a Late-industrializing Economy: Evidence from Ireland
- Author
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Andrew Mcdowell, Frank Barry, and Holger Görg
- Subjects
Outward FDI ,Investment development path ,Ireland ,Investments, Foreign--Ireland ,Capital movements--Ireland ,Ireland--Economic conditions--21st century ,General Social Sciences ,Product differentiation ,Foreign direct investment ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,language.human_language ,Empirical research ,Economy ,Sectoral analysis ,Irish ,Economics ,language ,Position (finance) ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
B ARRY F., G oRG H. and M CDOWELL A. (2003) Outward FDI and the investment development path of a late-industrializing economy: evidence from Ireland, Reg. Studies 37 , 341-349. The Investment Development Path (IDP) hypothesis holds that a country's net outward direct investment position is systematically related to its level of economic development. Ireland is an interesting test case because of the importance of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) over the last three decades and the recent increase in outward FDI by Irish-owned multinationals. We find empirical support for the IDP concept for the Irish case. Our sectoral analysis suggests that Ireland's outward FDI flows are disproportionately horizontal and oriented towards non-internationally-tradable sectors. Also, the firm-specific assets of Irish multinationals lie neither in R&D nor in the type of product differentiation associated with high advertising expenditures. B ARRY F., G oRG H. et M CDOWELL A. (2003) L'investissement direct a l'etranger...
- Published
- 2003
167. Expansionary fiscal contraction: A theoretical exploration
- Author
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Frank Barry and Michael B. Devereux
- Subjects
Macroeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Balanced budget ,Fiscal imbalance ,General equilibrium theory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Monetary economics ,Overlapping generations model ,Fiscal policy ,Unemployment ,Economics ,Open economy ,Contraction (operator theory) ,media_common - Abstract
This paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium analysis of the hypothesis that fiscal spending reductions may be expansionary. The impact of balanced budget fiscal spending on output in this model is normally negative. Quantitatively, these effects can be large. Moreover, the effects are distinctly non-linear; the higher is the initial fiscal spending to GDP ratio, the greater the expansionary impact of fiscal spending cuts. Nevertheless, the effects are likely to be accrued only gradually, so that fiscal contraction does not lead to large immediate increases in output. The analysis is extended to an economy with unemployment, and to an open economy. Some discussion of the empirical relevance of the hypothesis is presented.
- Published
- 2003
168. Book Review - The Making of the Celtic Tiger - The Inside Story of Ireland’s Boom Econom by Ray MacSharry and Padraic White
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Published
- 2003
169. Tax Policy, FDI and the Irish Economic Boom of the 1990s
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Double taxation ,Economic policy ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,FDI ,jel:F21 ,Tax reform ,Tax avoidance ,jel:H87 ,Value-added tax ,Ad valorem tax ,Income tax ,State income tax ,Economics ,Celtic Tiger - Abstract
This paper analyses the role of the Irish tax regime in the country’s economic development. Corporation tax rates had been amongst the lowest in Europe for decades, leading to a strong FDI presence in the economy. The coincidence of the introduction of the Single European Market and the US-led high-tech boom fuelled high-tech FDI inflows into (and within) the EU over the 1990s. and Ireland captured a substantially-increased share of these inflows. This was an important contributory factor to the economic boom of the decade, which saw the country come to be dubbed the “Celtic Tiger economy”. The country’s competitiveness was further enhanced by developments on the income-tax front over this period.
- Published
- 2003
170. Irish Economic Development over Three Decades of EU Membership
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
jel:O52 ,Ireland ,economic development ,European Union ,jel:E65 ,jel:F43 ,jel:F14 - Abstract
This paper draws out lessons from Ireland´s economic experience over the course of EU membership. The author starts with a description of the effects of opening up to free trade, and highlights the problems of the 1970s and 1980s that arose as a consequence of misguided fiscal policy. He then turns to the beneficial developments that paved the way to the emergence of the Celtic Tiger economy. EU aid alone, he argues, cannot guarantee convergence. It is likely to be of greatest benefit when the other conditions for real convergence including a well-functioning labour market, reform-oriented microeconomic policy and macroeconomic stability ? are also in place. For countries attempting to follow the Irish strategy of attracting inward FDI in high-tech manufacturing sectors, the author emphasises that low corporation-tax rates are only one part of the story. A supportive public administration system and an abundance of human capital of the appropriate type are also key requirements.
- Published
- 2003
171. Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Repair of Established Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in the Rat
- Author
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Mairead Hayes, Daniel O'Toole, James Devaney, Gerard F. Curley, Frank Barry, Timothy O'Brien, Steve Elliman, Claire Masterson, and John G. Laffey
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Lung ,Stromal cell ,business.industry ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,respiratory system ,Lung injury ,equipment and supplies ,respiratory tract diseases ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,Fibroblast ,business ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Background: Rodent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) enhance repair after ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We wished to determine the therapeutic potential of human MSCs (hMSCs) in repairing the rodent lung. Methods: In series 1, anesthetized rats underwent VILI (series 1A, n = 8 to 9 per group) or protective ventilation (series 1B, n = 4 per group). After VILI, they were randomized to intravenous administration of (1) vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline); (2) fibroblasts (1 × 107 cells/kg); or (3) human MSCs (1 × 107 cells/kg) and the effect on restoration of lung function and structure assessed. In series 2, the efficacy of hMSC doses of 1, 2, 5, and 10 million/kg was examined (n = 8 per group). Series 3 compared the efficacy of both intratracheal and intraperitoneal hMSC administration to intravascular delivery (n = 5–10 per group). Series 4 examined the efficacy of delayed hMSC administration (n = 8 per group). Results: Human MSC’s enhanced lung repair, restoring oxygenation (131 ± 19 vs. 103 ± 11 vs. 95 ± 11 mmHg, P = 0.004) compared to vehicle or fibroblast therapy, respectively. hMSCs improved lung compliance, reducing alveolar edema, and restoring lung architecture. hMSCs attenuated lung inflammation, decreasing alveolar cellular infiltration, and decreasing cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and interleukin-6 while increasing keratinocyte growth factor concentrations. The lowest effective hMSC dose was 2 × 106 hMSC/kg. Intraperitoneal hMSC delivery was less effective than intratracheal or intravenous hMSC. hMSCs enhanced lung repair when administered at later time points after VILI. Conclusions: hMSC therapy demonstrates therapeutic potential in enhancing recovery after VILI.
- Published
- 2015
172. Foreign Direct Investment, Infrastructure and the Welfare Effects of Labour Migration
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Returns to scale ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Small open economy ,Pareto principle ,Foreign direct investment ,Boom ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Capital (economics) ,Economics ,Welfare ,Stock (geology) ,media_common - Abstract
A model of a small open economy with open capital and labour markets is presented. Labour demand is based on capital mobility and increasing returns in production. Migration decisions are based on the relative attractiveness of regions in terms of the stock of infrastructure, including its tax cost and the degree of congestion, and the level of wages prevailing. Equilibria are not Pareto efficient because individuals do not take account of the impact of their actions on the level of wages prevailing, the extent of the tax base to finance infrastructural provision, or the degree of congestion. The model generates new insights into a range of policy issues that surfaced over the course of the recent Irish boom.
- Published
- 2002
173. Reduced chondrogenic and adipogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with advanced osteoarthritis
- Author
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Stephen C. Beck, Andrew Feldman, Frank Barry, Dennis Fabian, J. Mary Murphy, and Kenneth Dixon
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cellular differentiation ,Immunology ,Connective tissue ,Biology ,Chondrocyte ,Mesoderm ,Andrology ,Chondrocytes ,Rheumatology ,Osteogenesis ,Osteoarthritis ,Adipocytes ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Progenitor cell ,Cells, Cultured ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Stem Cells ,Cartilage ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Cell Differentiation ,Middle Aged ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Bone marrow ,Stem cell - Abstract
Objective Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are resident in the bone marrow throughout normal adult life and have the capacity to differentiate along a number of connective tissue pathways, among them bone, cartilage, and fat. To determine whether functionally normal MSC populations may be isolated from patients with advanced osteoarthritis (OA), we have compared cells from patients undergoing joint replacement with cells from normal donors. Cell populations were compared in terms of yield, proliferation, and capacity to differentiate. Methods MSCs were prepared from bone marrow aspirates obtained from the iliac crest or from the tibia/femur during joint surgery. In vitro chondrogenic activity was measured as glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen deposition in pellet cultures. Adipogenic activity was measured as the accumulation of Nile Red O-positive lipid vacuoles, and osteogenic activity was measured as calcium deposition and by von Kossa staining. Results Patient-derived MSCs formed colonies in primary culture that were characteristically spindle-shaped with normal morphology. The primary cell yield in 36 of 38 cell cultures from OA donors fell within the range found in cultures from normal donors. However, the proliferative capacity of patient-derived MSCs was significantly reduced. There was a significant reduction in in vitro chondrogenic and adipogenic activity in cultures of patient-derived cells compared with that in normal cultures. There was no significant difference in in vitro osteogenic activity. There was no decline in chondrogenic potential with age in cells obtained from individuals with no evidence of OA. Conclusion These results raise the possibility that the increase in bone density and loss of cartilage that are characteristic of OA may result from changes in the differentiation profile of the progenitor cells that contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of these tissues.
- Published
- 2002
174. Peadar Kirby. Celtic Tiger in Collapse: Explaining the Weaknesses of the Irish Model, 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. xi + 237 pp. ISBN 978-0-333-71708-0, $95.00 (hardcover); 978-0-333-71110-1, $28.00 (paperback)
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
History ,Media studies ,Collapse (topology) ,Ancient history ,Archaeology ,language.human_language ,Irish ,Political science ,medicine ,language ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,medicine.symptom ,Celtic Tiger ,Collapse (medical) - Published
- 2011
175. How to protect clients against IRS attack on independent contractors.
- Author
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Frank, Barry H. and Cooper, Jeffrey
- Subjects
Accountants -- Practice -- Cases ,Independent contractors -- Cases ,Business enterprises -- Cases ,Company legal issue - Abstract
A business that claims a worker as an independent contractor rather than an employee is nearly always asking for trouble with the Internal Revenue Service. Making such a claim automatically [...]
- Published
- 1992
176. Quantitative quality assurance in a community hospital pediatric intensive care unit
- Author
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Frank, Barry S. and Pollack, Murray M.
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Pediatric intensive care -- Standards ,Intensive care units -- Standards ,Hospital care -- Quality management ,Health - Abstract
Unbiased, objective evaluations of quality of care are preferred over subjective evaluations. We observed 681 admissions to a pediatric intensive care unit of a community hospital from 1989 through 1990 for outcomes and physiologic profiles of the patients on the admission day using the Pediatric Risk of Mortality score to assess severity of illness. Mortality adjusted for severity of illness was compared with that predicted from a pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary medical center: 32.6 deaths were predicted based on the physiologic profiles, and 23 occurred. The number of outcomes and their distribution according to mortality risk indicated close agreement between observed and predicted results. Thus, a quality-assurance technique developed in tertiary care centers can be used to indicate a comparable level of care in a community hospital., Claims of providing quality pediatric intensive care are common but difficult to prove. Subjective medical record reviews of morbidity and mortality are a traditional method of assessing care but are [...]
- Published
- 1992
177. Cellular chondroplasty: a new technology for joint regeneration
- Author
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Frank Barry and Mary Murphy
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Knee Joint ,Chondroplasty ,Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ,Degeneration (medical) ,Osteoarthritis ,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ,Regenerative medicine ,Cell therapy ,Chondrocytes ,medicine ,Humans ,Regeneration ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Regeneration (biology) ,Cartilage ,Osteoarthritis, Knee ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Transplantation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business - Abstract
Cellular therapy involves the isolation, expansion, and transplantation of human cells for the replacement or regeneration of injured tissues. It is one of the most significant tissue repair strategies in the emerging discipline of regenerative medicine. Cellular strategies have been applied in joint repair for the treatment of acute cartilage injury, meniscal repair, and osteoarthritis (OA). Many of these efforts have been motivated by the apparent incapacity of cartilage to repair itself and the observation that initial trauma is likely to lead to sustained joint degeneration. A particularly important question that arises about cellular therapy in OA relates to the long-term outcome of these procedures. In addition, questions remain about the most suitable cell source, the advantages of allogeneic over autologous therapy, their potential uses in late stage OA, and, not least, the logistics of manufacturing and supply. These topics are discussed in this review, as well as an evaluation of knowledge gaps and technical obstacles that remain to be addressed.
- Published
- 2014
178. Donor-derived equine mesenchymal stem cells suppress proliferation of mismatched lymphocytes
- Author
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Ranera B, Antczak D, Miller D, Doroshenkova T, Ryan A, Cw, Mcilwraith, and Frank Barry
- Subjects
Major Histocompatibility Complex ,Histocompatibility Testing ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Animals ,Bone Marrow Cells ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Horses ,Phytohemagglutinins ,Coculture Techniques ,Lymphocyte Subsets ,Cell Proliferation - Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) do not express the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II antigen and are able to inhibit proliferation of MHC-mismatched stimulated lymphocytes, enabling their use as in vivo allogeneic transplants. However, prior to clinical application of allo-MSCs, in vitro tests are required to confirm the safety of treatment protocols.To evaluate the immunosuppressive capabilities of equine bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) on MHC-mismatched lymphocytes.In vitro experiment.Phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 3 Thoroughbreds (recipients) were co-cultured with mismatched BM-MSCs from 3 Connemara ponies (donors). Proliferation of lymphocytes was monitored by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labelling and analysed by flow cytometry. In total, 6 horses were haplotyped using microsatellites to confirm mismatching. Optimisation of the conditions to stimulate Thoroughbred lymphocytes and titration of equine anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies were performed. Connemara pony and Thoroughbred BM-MSCs were isolated, expanded and characterised by tri-lineage differentiation. Finally, BM-MSCs from both breeds were set up in co-culture at different ratios with stimulated Thoroughbred lymphocytes. Proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells was determined by flow cytometry.A high proportion of CD4/CD8 double-positive lymphocytes were found in freshly isolated PBMCs, although this percentage decreased after 4 days of culture. Mismatched BM-MSCs inhibited proliferation of stimulated lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with the greatest suppression occurring at a 1:10 ratio of BM-MSCs to PBMCs. Proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) subpopulations decreased in 1:10 co-culture, with statistical significance in the case of CD8(+) cells, while that of the CD4/CD8 double-positive population was similar to the phytohaemagglutinin control.The results demonstrate dose-dependent immunosuppression of stimulated lymphocytes by mismatched equine BM-MSCs, supporting their future application in allo-MSC clinical treatments.
- Published
- 2014
179. A horse of a different color
- Author
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Frank Barry and Beatriz Ranera
- Subjects
Histology ,Cluster of differentiation ,Multipotent Stem Cells ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,CD34 ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Immunophenotyping ,Cell therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,CD90 ,Female ,Bone marrow ,Horses ,Stem cell - Abstract
Key termsequine; immunophenotype; ISCTmarkersThere has been growing interest in recent years in the use ofmesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potential treatment fora number of important diseases. MSCs were first describedas colony-forming units consisting of fibroblast-like cellsderived from bone marrow (1). Since then they have beenisolated from many different tissues such as adipose, muscle,synovium, dental pulp, tendon, peripheral blood, Wharton’sjelly, and umbilical cord blood (2–4). The biological charac-teristics of MSCs that contribute to their therapeutic activityand the mechanisms of action continue to be studied.Despite many advances in MSC therapy, a specific markerthat defines cultured MSCs and identifies them within theirtissue niche has remained elusive. As a consequence, theInternational Society of Cell Therapy (ISCT) proposed a setof minimal test criteria for human MSCs as a first attempt atstandardization for laboratory and preclinical research. Thesecriteria include plastic adherence, trilineage differentiation toosteoblast, adipocyte, and chondrocyte lineages, and a phe-notype relating to surface marker expression. This latter stip-ulates that MSCs, measured by flow cytometry, must show 95% positivity for CD73, CD90, and CD105 antigens and 2% for CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79a or CD19,and HLA class II (5).These criteria were established only for human MSCresearch. However, the study of MSCs is not limited to humanapplications: many animal models are routinely used in pre-clinical investigation and in veterinary applications. There isan urgent need for a universal marker(s) to define and identifyMSCs from all tissues of origin, which will apply across allspecies.There has been an interest in equine MSC therapy formore than 10 years, especially in the treatment of musculo-skeletal disorders such as tendon or joint disease. In addition,because of similarities in terms of structure and biomechanics,the horse is accepted by the US Food and Drug Administra-tion as an animal model suitable for the investigation of carti-lage and tendon repair therapies for human use. In recentyears, several equine trials have been carried out using MSCsfrom different sources. Most of these reported a positive out-come (6) although the mechanism of action remains unclear.It can be argued that failure to understand the biologicalmechanism of repair hinders development of optimized thera-pies. It can also be argued that the lack of meaningful potencytests will hamper the development of standardized cell prepa-rations. The most important identifying characteristics ofequine MSCs have been plastic adhesion and trilineage poten-tial. The use of cell surface markers has been limited due tothe lack of commercial antibodies that cross-react with equineantigens (7).The paper published in this issue (p. XXX) by Paebstet al. is the first to analyze the complete panel of human MSCmarkers established by the ISCT in equine MSCs derived fromfive different tissue sources (marrow, adipose, tendon, umbili-cal cord tissue, and umbilical cord blood).
- Published
- 2014
180. Development of growth factor tethered hyaluronan microspheres for in situ chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
- Author
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Abhay Pandit, Udo Greiser, Mary Murphy, J.S. Hayes, Valerie Barron, Linda Howard, Frank Barry, P. Lalor, Shane Browne, and S. Ansboro
- Subjects
In situ ,Rheumatology ,Chemistry ,Growth factor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,medicine ,Biomedical Engineering ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Chondrogenesis ,Microsphere ,Cell biology - Published
- 2014
181. Imaging mesenchymal stem cells containing single wall nanotube nanoprobes in a 3D scaffold using photo-thermal optical coherence tomography
- Author
-
Emma Connolly, Valerie Barron, Frank Barry, Niall Rooney, Hrebesh M. Subhash, Mary Murphy, and Martin J. Leahy
- Subjects
Biodistribution ,Materials science ,Optical coherence tomography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,In vivo ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,medicine ,Bioluminescence imaging ,Nanotechnology ,Photothermal therapy ,Stem cell ,Chondrogenesis ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Despite the fact, that a range of clinically viable imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), photo emission tomography (PET), ultrasound and bioluminescence imaging are being optimised to track cells in vivo, many of these techniques are subject to limitations such as the levels of contrast agent required, toxic effects of radiotracers, photo attenuation of tissue and backscatter. With the advent of nanotechnology, nanoprobes are leading the charge to overcome these limitations. In particular, single wall nanotubes (SWNT) have been shown to be taken up by cells and as such are effective nanoprobes for cell imaging. Consequently, the main aim of this research is to employ mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) containing SWNT nanoprobes to image cell distribution in a 3D scaffold for cartilage repair. To this end, MSC were cultured in the presence of 32μg/ml SWNT in cell culture medium (αMEM, 10% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin) for 24 hours. Upon confirmation of cell viability, the MSC containing SWNT were encapsulated in hyaluronic acid gels and loaded on polylactic acid polycaprolactone scaffolds. After 28 days in complete chondrogenic medium, with medium changes every 2 days, chondrogenesis was confirmed by the presence of glycosaminoglycan. Moreover, using photothermal optical coherence tomography (PT-OCT), the cells were seen to be distributed through the scaffold with high resolution. In summary, these data reveal that MSC containing SWNT nanoprobes in combination with PT-OCT offer an exciting opportunity for stem cell tracking in vitro for assessing seeding scaffolds and in vivo for determining biodistribution.
- Published
- 2014
182. Enacting Globalization
- Author
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JIM STEWART, Alicja Bobek, Louis Brennan, Alessandra Vecchi, Martina Hennessy, Kevin O'Rourke, Frank Barry, Catia Batista, Carol Newman, Justyna Salamońska, Mate Miklos Fodor, Iulia Siedschlag, José Manuel SAIZ-ALVAREZ, Gaia Narciso, and James Wickham
- Published
- 2014
183. Research Capacity Building in Africa: Perceived Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Impacting on the Doctoral Training for Development Programme in Africa
- Author
-
Michael P. Jones, Ogenna Uduma, Sarah O’Reilly Doyle, Frank Barry, Martina Hennessy, Malcolm MacLachlan, and Sarah Glavey
- Subjects
Geography ,Higher education ,Research capacity ,business.industry ,Qualitative interviews ,General partnership ,Pedagogy ,Global health ,Public relations ,business ,SWOT analysis ,Training (civil) ,Strengths and weaknesses - Abstract
This is a study of three models of partnership between Trinity College Dublin and higher education institutes in six African countries. The goal is to deliver collaborative doctoral training programmes in global health, natural sciences and economics, to train researchers and build research and teaching capacity in African institutions, which is increasingly seen as a key influence on economic development. The purpose of this study was to assess the three models employed in order to understand their strengths and weaknesses, capture lessons from our partnerships and make recommendations to others establishing North-South doctoral training programmes. Findings from qualitative interviews revealed strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for each model, and the specific strengths, challenges, recommendations and implications for future programme improvements are highlighted and discussed.
- Published
- 2014
184. The Single Market, the Structural Funds and Ireland's Recent Economic Growth
- Author
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Aoife Hannan, John Bradley, and Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Market economy ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Single market ,Business and International Management ,Global assets under management ,General Business, Management and Accounting - Published
- 2001
185. Up-regulation and differential expression of the hyaluronan-binding protein TSG-6 in cartilage and synovium in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
- Author
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Frank Barry, Michael T. Bayliss, Jayesh Dudhia, Sarah L.T Howat, J. C. W. Edwards, Anthony J. Day, and J.M. Murphy
- Subjects
Adult ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,TSG-6, Cartilage, Synovium, Osteoarthritis ,Biomedical Engineering ,Arthritis ,Pannus ,Cartilage metabolism ,Osteoarthritis ,Extracellular matrix ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Rheumatology ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Aged ,TSG-6 ,Aged, 80 and over ,Chemistry ,Cartilage ,Synovial Membrane ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Synovial membrane ,Cell Adhesion Molecules - Abstract
Objective TSG-6 [the product of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6] is a hyaluronan-binding protein that is present in the synovial fluids of arthritis patients and is secreted by cells of articular joints (e.g. chondrocytes and synoviocytes). This study examines the pattern of TSG-6 expression in normal and diseased cartilage and synovium using immunohistochemical techniques. Design A polyclonal antibody was raised against recombinant Link module from human TSG-6 and used to detect the protein in tissue sections taken from osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls. Results There was no TSG-6 detected in normal tissues. In all OA synovium there was intense TSG-6 expression throughout the intimal layer, whereas in RA staining in this region was generally less pronounced and was absent at the synovial surface in tissues exhibiting significant inflammation. In RA TSG-6 was also expressed by infiltrating leukocytes and by cells at the cartilage–synovium pannus junction. TSG-6 immunoreactivity was present in the tunica intima of blood vessels in OA subintima, being particularly noticeable in the thickened smooth muscle of inflamed vessel walls, but was mostly confined to the lumen of the vessel in RA. In cartilage the majority of chondrocytes expressed TSG-6 in both OA and RA, usually with extensive staining in the surrounding matrix. Conclusion TSG-6 is present within synovium and cartilage of arthritic joints, but not normal controls, and is synthesized by the resident cells. The pattern of TSG-6 expression is consistent with its proposed roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cellular proliferation.
- Published
- 2001
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- View/download PDF
186. Allogeneic murine mesenchymal stem cells: migration to inflamed joints in vivo and amelioration of collagen induced arthritis when transduced to express ctla4ig
- Author
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Catherine Sullivan, Frank Barry, Thomas Ritter, Ignacio Anegon, Mary Murphy, Linda Howard, Cathal O'Flatharta, and Georgina Shaw
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,Immunoconjugates ,mice ,Inflammatory arthritis ,Genetic enhancement ,T cell ,Arthritis ,Biology ,necrosis-factor-alpha ,Abatacept ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Original Research Reports ,In vivo ,medicine ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Animals ,gene delivery ,030304 developmental biology ,stromal cells ,0303 health sciences ,therapy ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Genetic Therapy ,differentiation ,medicine.disease ,Allografts ,Arthritis, Experimental ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,immunosuppressive properties ,endothelial-cells ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,inadequate response ,rheumatoid-arthritis ,Joints ,Collagen ,Developmental Biology ,Homing (hematopoietic) ,T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Abstract
Despite the immunosuppressive, homing, and regenerative capabilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), their ability to migrate to arthritic joints and influence the course of arthritis in vivo remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine if allogeneic MSCs migrate to inflamed joints in vivo and to determine if MSCs expressing the costimulation blocker cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 coupled to immunoglobulin-G (CTLA4Ig) could be used to ameliorate collagen induced arthritis (CIA). The migration of systemically delivered inbred mouse strain (FVB) MSCs to migrate to inflamed joints in CIA was studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the effect of BALB/c MSCs modified with an adenoviral vector to express CTLA4Ig, on T cell function in vitro and on CIA in vivo was assessed. After systemic delivery of FVB MSCs, eGFP DNA was detectable in the joints of mice with CIA confirming that some MSCs had reached to inflamed joints. BALB/c MSCs suppressed the secretion of both TNFα and IFNγ, and reduced the ratio of Th1:Th2 cytokine expression, by DBA/1 T cells in vitro irrespective of viral modification. The expression of CTLA4Ig did not augment this effect. Despite a worsening of disease scores after infusion of BALB/c MSCs in vivo, BALB/c MSCs expressing CTLA4Ig significantly delayed the onset of inflammatory arthritis in CIA. These data demonstrate that allogeneic MSCs can migrate to the inflamed joints of CIA in vivo and that genetically modified allogeneic MSCs may be considered for development of gene therapy strategies for inflammatory arthritis.
- Published
- 2013
187. Convergence is not Automatic: Lessons from Ireland for Central and Eastern Europe
- Author
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Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Irish ,Accounting ,Political Science and International Relations ,Development economics ,language ,Economics ,Public policy ,Convergence (economics) ,Parity (mathematics) ,Finance ,language.human_language - Abstract
For over 70 years Irish income per head remained at around 60 percent of the level prevailing in the country's dominant trading partner, the UK. Ireland began to converge rapidly over the last 15 years however, and parity has now been achieved with the UK and the overall EU. This paper analyses the changes in public policy that facilitated the turnaround in economic fortunes.
- Published
- 2000
188. Foreign direct investment, cost competitiveness and the transformation of the Irish economy
- Author
-
Frank Barry
- Subjects
International relations ,Irish ,Economy ,Cost competitiveness ,Geography, Planning and Development ,language ,Economics ,Foreign direct investment ,Development ,Growth theory ,Phase (combat) ,language.human_language - Abstract
Ireland has been the economic success story of the 1990s. Growth in GNP and in employment has far exceeded those seen elsewhere. We ask first whether this is simply a delayed catching-up process. Even if this turns out to be so, the question remains as to what the key differences in policy were between the unsuccessful phase, from 1950 to 1988, and the phenomenally successful phase since then. We present a brief overview of the key differences in terms familiar from conventional growth theory, and go on to look more carefully at the constellation of factors explaining the precise timing of the turnaround in economic fortunes.
- Published
- 2000
189. Gelatin-based resorbable sponge as a carrier matrix for human mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration therapy
- Author
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Frank Barry, Robert M. Schinagl, Michael S. Ponticiello, and Sudha Kadiyala
- Subjects
Materials science ,food.ingredient ,Regeneration (biology) ,Cartilage ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Biomedical Engineering ,Matrix (biology) ,Chondrogenesis ,Gelatin ,Cell biology ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,food ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Stem cell ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), found in the bone marrow, have the potential to differentiate into multiple connective tissue types, including cartilage. In this study, we examined the potential of a porous gelatin sponge, Gelfoam, for use as a delivery vehicle for MSCs in cartilage regeneration therapy. Adult human MSCs (hMSCs) were seeded throughout the gelatin sponge after a 2-h incubation period. When cultured for 21 days in vitro in a defined medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of TGF-beta 3, hMSC/Gelfoam constructs produced a cartilage-like extracellular matrix containing sulfated glycosaminoglycans (s-GAGs) and type-II collagen, as evident upon histologic evaluation. Constructs loaded with a cell suspension of 12 x 10(6) cells/mL produced an extracellular matrix containing 21 microg of s-GAG/microg of DNA after 21 days of culture. This production was more efficient than constructs loaded at higher or lower cell densities, indicating that the initial seeding density influences the ability of cells to produce extracellular matrix. When implanted in an osteochondral defect in the rabbit femoral condyle, Gelfoam cylinders were observed to be very biocompatible, with no evidence of immune response or lymphocytic infiltration at the site. Based on these observations we conclude that Gelfoam resorbable gelatin sponge is a promising candidate as a carrier matrix for MSC-based cartilage regeneration therapies.
- Published
- 2000
190. S corporations with C year E&P can often avoid termination even with rental income
- Author
-
Frank, Barry H.
- Subjects
Corporations -- Taxation ,Rents (Property) -- Taxation ,S corporations -- Taxation ,Tax accounting -- Methods ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
Real estate S corporations often face termination of S status due to accumulated earnings and profits (E&P) and excessive passive income. S corporations with prior C corporation status that have accumulated E&P at the end of the taxable year will lose S status in cases where passive income exceeds 25% of gross receipts for three consecutive years. Rental income is often considered passive by the IRS. Owners performing additional services of a substantial nature not incidental to the realization of return on real estate investments greater than those necessary to maintain occupancy will be determined to have self-employment income and avoid having the rental income classified as passive. There is a fine line in the determination of how much additional service turns rental income from passive income into self-employment, so real estate S corporations should obtain a ruling from the IRS.
- Published
- 1990
191. Government consumption and private investment in closed and open economies
- Author
-
Frank Barry
- Subjects
Consumption (economics) ,Macroeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Government ,Public consumption ,Economy ,Return on investment ,Fiscal policy ,Equilibrium (Economics) ,Investments ,Economics ,Open economy ,Open-ended investment company ,Investment (macroeconomics) - Abstract
Early versions of the equilibrium approach to fiscal policy implied that temporary increases in public consumption reduced investment while permanent expansions left it unchanged; currentaccount effects in the open economy were held to be analogous to these closed-economy investment effects. It has been shown recently though that these investment results arise only under very restrictive assumptions. The present paper demonstrates this in a transparent fashion and extends the analysis to the open economy. Here the equilibrium approach has the implausible implication that fiscal expansions, whether temporary or permanent, should “crowd in” investment.
- Published
- 1999
192. The Monoclonal Antibody SH-2, Raised against Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Recognizes an Epitope on Endoglin (CD105)
- Author
-
Stephen E. Haynesworth, Frank Barry, J. Mary Murphy, Raymond Boynton, and Joseph Zaia
- Subjects
Adult ,Stromal cell ,Macromolecular Substances ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Biophysics ,Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Bone Marrow Cells ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Mesoderm ,Fetus ,Antigens, CD ,medicine ,Humans ,Trypsin ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Molecular Biology ,Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair ,Stem Cells ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Endoglin ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Peptide Fragments ,Cell biology ,Molecular Weight ,Endothelial stem cell ,Haematopoiesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ,Proteoglycans ,Bone marrow ,Stem cell ,Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells resident in the bone marrow throughout adulthood which have the capacity to differentiate into cartilage, bone, fat, muscle, and tendon. A number of monoclonal antibodies raised against human MSCs have been shown to react with surface antigens on these cells in vitro. A protein of molecular mass 92 kDa was immunoprecipitated using the SH-2 monoclonal antibody. This was purified and identified by peptide sequencing analysis and mass spectrometry as endoglin (CD105), the TGF-beta receptor III present on endothelial cells, syncytiotrophoblasts, macrophages, and connective tissue stromal cells. Endoglin on MSCs potentially plays a role in TGF-beta signalling in the control of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and also in mediating interactions between MSCs and haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow microenvironment.
- Published
- 1999
193. Characterisation of engrafted mesenchymal stem cells post intra-articular injection in healthy mouse joint
- Author
-
Frank Barry, Cathal O'Flatharta, Mary Murphy, P. Mancuso, Georgina Shaw, and S. Hanley
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Intra articular ,Rheumatology ,business.industry ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Biomedical Engineering ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,business ,Joint (geology) - Published
- 2015
194. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Surface Antigen SB-10 Corresponds to Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule and Is Involved in Osteogenic Differentiation
- Author
-
Neelam Jaiswal, Nancy S. Ricalton, Scott P. Bruder, Joseph Zaia, Raymond Boynton, Timothy Connolly, and Frank Barry
- Subjects
HLA-DP Antigens ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Cellular differentiation ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Population ,Biology ,Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ,Dogs ,Species Specificity ,Antigens, CD ,Osteogenesis ,Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule ,Animals ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,education ,Phylogeny ,ALCAM ,Glycoproteins ,Bone morphogenesis ,education.field_of_study ,Cell adhesion molecule ,Stem Cells ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Cell Differentiation ,Molecular biology ,Rats ,Molecular Weight ,Antigens, Surface ,Rabbits ,Stem cell - Abstract
Bone marrow contains a rare population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) capable of giving rise to multiple mesodermal tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and fat. The cell surface antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody SB-10 is expressed on human MSCs but is lost during their developmental progression into differentiated phenotypes. Here we report on the immunopurification of the SB-10 antigen and its identification as activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). Mass spectrometry establishes that the molecular mass of ALCAM is 80,303 +/- 193 Da and that it possesses 17,763 +/- 237 Da of N-linked oligosaccharide substituents. Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA from a MSC expression library demonstrates nucleotide sequence identity with ALCAM. We also identified ALCAM homologs in rat, rabbit, and canine MSCs, each of which is over 90% identical to human ALCAM in their peptide sequence. The addition of antibody SB-10 Fab fragments to human MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation in vitro accelerated the process, thereby implicating a role for ALCAM during bone morphogenesis and adding ALCAM to the group of cell adhesion molecules involved in osteogenesis. Together, these results provide evidence that ALCAM plays a critical role in the differentiation of mesenchymal tissues in multiple species across the phylogenetic tree.
- Published
- 1998
195. FDI and Trade: The Irish Host‐Country Experience
- Author
-
Frank Barry and John Bradley
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,Gross output ,International trade ,International economics ,Foreign direct investment ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,language.human_language ,Host country ,Irish ,Multinational corporation ,Economics ,language ,business - Abstract
In Irish manufacturing, the foreign sector accounts for about one half of employment and some 60% of gross output. The Irish experience therefore provides us with a textbook case study of the effects on an EU host economy of export-oriented FDI. We explore in this paper the structural changes induced by FDI and the effects of FDI on the determinants of growth in Ireland. We also consider some possible adverse effects that may be associated with such strong reliance on multinational investment.
- Published
- 1997
196. Post-translational Modifications in Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein
- Author
-
Raymond Boynton, Angela McIntosh, Frank Barry, Henric Olsson, Joseph Zaia, Daniel R. Marshak, and Dick Heinegård
- Subjects
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,Glycosylation ,biology ,Molecular mass ,Chemistry ,Protein subunit ,Cartilage ,Cell Biology ,Oligosaccharide ,Mass spectrometry ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Mass spectrum ,Biophysics ,medicine ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Analysis of the carboxymethylated subunit of human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicated a protonated molecular mass of 86949 ± 149 Da, compared with 83547.0 Da calculated from the sequence. Treatment withN-glycanase caused a reduction in mass of 3571 ± 219 Da, but there was no loss of mass after treatment withO-glycanase or neuraminidase. Peptides containing two putative sites of N-glycosylation were purified and characterized. Analysis of the masses of these afterN-glycanase treatment indicated that one was substituted at Asn-101 with an oligosaccharide of mass 1847.2 ± 6.6 Da, and the other was unsubstituted at Asn-124. The remaining site of attachment, at Asn-721, was, therefore, also substituted with an oligosaccharide of mass 1724 ± 226 Da. Analysis of the total monosaccharide content by chemical methods indicated that there were no additional oligosaccharide substituents. The MALDI-TOF mass spectra of COMP from bovine fetal and adult cartilage were compared, indicating a more heterogeneous pattern of substitution at Asn-101 in the fetal form. Since COMP is distributed throughout the pericellular and territorial environments in developing cartilage but occupies the interterritorial zone in mature cartilage, these changes in glycosylation may allow for different intermolecular interactions.
- Published
- 1997
197. The Most FDI-intensive Economy in Europe: Analysis of the Irish Experience and Current Policy Issues
- Author
-
Frank Barry
- Subjects
Economy ,Irish ,Political science ,language ,Business and Management ,International business ,Foreign direct investment ,Current (fluid) ,language.human_language - Abstract
This book provides authoritative academic and professional insights into the effects of FDI on home and host countries. It highlights global trends and patterns, and explores related policy challenges all with a special focus on the countries in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. The book cuts through the existing data fog by offering a wide range of up-to-date academic findings and institutional expertise. Those findings are rounded off with lessons to be learned from historical developments (Ireland’s success story), an evaluation of current trends (role of China) and an investment promotion agency policy for attracting sustainable investment (CzechInvest).
- Published
- 2013
198. Porter’s Diamond and Small Nations in the Global Economy: Ireland as a Case Study
- Author
-
Frank Barry, John Cassidy, and Chris Van Egeraat
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Economy ,business.industry ,Multinational corporation ,Business and Management ,Small and medium-sized enterprises ,Business ,International trade ,International business ,InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS ,Competitive advantage - Abstract
This unique, extensive Handbook illustrates that multinational enterprises can contribute substantially to the competitive advantage of small countries. It advances the notion that small nations increasingly need to rely on both home-grown and foreign multinational enterprises to achieve domestic economic success in industries characterized by international competition.
- Published
- 2013
199. Chondrogenic differentiation increases antidonor immune response to allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation
- Author
-
Georgina Shaw, Cynthia M. Coleman, Oliver Treacy, Paul Lohan, Thomas Ritter, Aideen E. Ryan, Lisa O'Flynn, Xizhe Chen, Mary Murphy, Frank Barry, and Matthew D. Griffin
- Subjects
CD3 Complex ,allograft-rejection ,Alginates ,Cellular differentiation ,Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ,T-Lymphocytes ,nitric-oxide ,in-vitro ,immunogenicity ,Biology ,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ,collagen-induced arthritis ,Immune system ,Glucuronic Acid ,Drug Discovery ,Genetics ,Splenocyte ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Animals ,Humans ,Transplantation, Homologous ,Molecular Biology ,t-cells ,Cells, Cultured ,stromal cells ,Pharmacology ,Immunogenicity ,Hexuronic Acids ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Cell Differentiation ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Rats ,Transplantation ,osteoarthritis ,immunosuppressive properties ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,Immunology ,Cancer research ,rheumatoid-arthritis ,Molecular Medicine ,Original Article ,Chondrogenesis ,Ex vivo - Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (allo-MSCs) have potent regenerative and immunosuppressive potential and are being investigated as a therapy for osteoarthritis; however, little is known about the immunological changes that occur in allo-MSCs after ex vivo induced or in vivo differentiation. Three-dimensional chondrogenic differentiation was induced in an alginate matrix, which served to immobilize and potentially protect MSCs at the site of implantation. We show that allogeneic differentiated MSCs lost the ability to inhibit T-cell proliferation in vitro, in association with reduced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 secretion. Differentiation altered immunogenicity as evidenced by induced proliferation of allogeneic T cells and increased susceptibility to cytotoxic lysis by allo-specific T cells. Undifferentiated or differentiated allo-MSCs were implanted subcutaneously, with and without alginate encapsulation. Increased CD3(+) and CD68(+) infiltration was evident in differentiated and splenocyte encapsulated implants only. Without encapsulation, increased local memory T-cell responses were detectable in recipients of undifferentiated and differentiated MSCs; however, only differentiated MSCs induced systemic memory T-cell responses. In recipients of encapsulated allogeneic cells, only differentiated allo-MSCs induced memory T-cell responses locally and systemically. Systemic alloimmune responses to differentiated MSCs indicate immunogenicity regardless of alginate encapsulation and may require immunosuppressive therapy for -therapeutic use.
- Published
- 2013
200. Impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell secreted PAI-1 on colon cancer cell migration and proliferation
- Author
-
Timothy O'Brien, Niamh M. Hogan, Frank Barry, Michael J. Kerin, Myles R. Joyce, J. Mary Murphy, and Roisin M. Dwyer
- Subjects
Stromal cell ,plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 ,growth ,Biophysics ,Cell Communication ,system ,Biology ,liver ,Biochemistry ,Cell Movement ,Cancer stem cell ,Cell Line, Tumor ,expression ,Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ,tumor microenvironment ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,mesenchymal stem cell ,stromal cells ,Cell Proliferation ,Tumor microenvironment ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,colorectal-cancer ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Cell Biology ,Molecular biology ,Colorectal cancer ,endothelial-cells ,Mesenchymal Stem Cell ,Cell culture ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Chemokine secretion ,Macrophage migration inhibitory factor ,Stem cell ,Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 - Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells are known to engraft and integrate into the architecture of colorectal tumours, with little known regarding their fate following engraftment. This study aimed to investigate mediators of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) and colon cancer cell (CCC) interactions. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and colon cancer cells (HT29 and HCT-116) were cultured individually or in co-culture on 3-dimensional scaffolds. Conditioned media containing all secreted factors was harvested at day 1, 3 and 7. Chemokine secretion and expression were analyzed by Chemi-array, ELISA (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1)) and RQ-PCR. Colon cancer cell migration and proliferation in response to recombinant PAI-1, MSCs and MSCs + antibody to PAI-1 was analyzed using Transwell inserts and an MTS proliferation assay respectively. Chemi-array revealed secretion of a wide range of factors by each cell population, including PAI-1and MIF. ELISA analysis revealed Mesenchymal Stem Cells to secrete the highest levels of PAI-1 (MSC mean 10.6 ng/mL, CCC mean 1.01 ng/mL), while colon cancer cells were the principal source of MIF. MSC-secreted PAI-1 stimulated significant migration of both CCC lines, with an antibody to the chemokine shown to block this effect (67–88% blocking,). A cell-line dependant effect on CCC proliferation was shown for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-secreted PAI-1 with HCT-116 cells showing decreased proliferation at all concentrations, and HT29 cells showing increased proliferation in the presence of higher PAI-1 levels. This is the first study to identify PAI-1 as an important mediator of Mesenchymal Stem Cell/colon cancer cell interactions and highlights the significant functional impact of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-secreted PAI-1 on colon cancer cells. Deposited by bulk import
- Published
- 2013
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