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A new evolutionary lineage of the destructive introduced tree pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, EU2 lineage, was recently discovered attacking larch and other hosts in Northern Ireland and south west Scotland, UK. Sixteen 'medium × agar concentration × incubation temperature' stress environments were tested to find a rapid and repeatable method to discriminate the known EU2 lineage from the EU1, NA1 and NA2 lineages in culture, in particular from the EU1 already prevalent across the UK; and to investigate whether EU2 might be adaptively different. At 25°C on both Carrot agar and V8 juice agar, the mean radial growth rates of all four lineages were significantly different, with NA2 > EU2 > EU1 > NA1. At this temperature, EU2 colonies were not only phenotypically distinct from EU1 and all other lineages but on average grew three times as fast as EU1. This indicates that EU2 is adaptively different from EU1. Twelve days growth in the environment ' V8 A/2% agar/25°C gave excellent discrimination of all four lineages in three repeat experiments, including clear discrimination of EU2 from EU1. Each lineage exhibited a distinctive colony pattern. The utility of this test environment was examined further by screening fresh UK isolates of unknown lineage from new larch outbreak sites alongside standard isolates. The lineage assignments predicted were corroborated by gene sequencing and RFLP profiling. These results also revealed that the EU2 lineage was present at several new larch sites in south west Scotland, whereas isolates from geographically adjacent areas such as the Isle of Mull, north west Scotland, the Isle of Man and north west England were all of EU1 lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study had the objective of comparing the lipid profile, nutritional status and body composition of adolescents and their parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 adolescents from 10 to 13 years old, public schools students from the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil and their respective biological parents (104 mothers and 82 fathers). Data was collected regarding weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body fat, triglycerides, total and fraction cholesterol. Besides, taking the skinfold measurements (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and suprailiac) of the adolescents; and evaluation of sexual maturity, excluding those that were in stage 1 according to Tanner. The statistical treatment includes descriptive analysis, the use of the Student's t-test, Mann Whitney, and Pearson and Spearman correlation. An Odds Ratio was conducted with a confidence interval of 95%, considering p < 0.05 significant. Results: A positive and significant correlation was seen for weight, BMI and total cholesterol between father and son; for all the variables, except body fat and wait/hip ratio between father and daughter; for weight and height between mother and son and BMI between mother and daughter. Adolescents that had both parents with hypertriglyceridemia, with inadequacies of LDL or HDL presented, respectively 19, 20 and 4 times more chances of presenting the same alterations. Conclusion: This study confirmed differences in the anthropometric measurements, body composition and lipid profile between children of overweight, eutrophic and underweight parents, as well as greater chance for the adolescent to present an altered lipid profile when the parents also have presented that alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study had the objective of comparing the lipid profile, nutritional status and body composition of adolescents and their parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 adolescents from 10 to 13 years old, public schools students from the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil and their respective biological parents (104 mothers and 82 fathers). Data was collected regarding weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body fat, triglycerides, total and fraction cholesterol. Besides, taking the skinfold measurements (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and suprailiac) of the adolescents; and evaluation of sexual maturity, excluding those that were in stage 1 according to Tanner. The statistical treatment includes descriptive analysis, the use of the Student's t-test, Mann Whitney, and Pearson and Spearman correlation. An Odds Ratio was conducted with a confidence interval of 95%, considering p < 0.05 significant. Results: A positive and significant correlation was seen for weight, BMI and total cholesterol between father and son; for all the variables, except body fat and wait/hip ratio between father and daughter; for weight and height between mother and son and BMI between mother and daughter. Adolescents that had both parents with hypertriglyceridemia, with inadequacies of LDL or HDL presented, respectively 19,20 and 4 times more chances of presenting the same alterations. Conclusion: This study confirmed differences in the anthropometric measurements, body composition and lipid profile between children of overweight, eutrophic and underweight parents, as well as greater chance for the adolescent to present an altered lipid profile when the parents also have presented that alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The hydrogenation of (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid (tiglic acid), using a commercial 5wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst (Engelhard) doped with cinchonidine (CD) (P =4.0MPa, T =298K) was investigated in depth to evidence the nature of the interaction CD:acid and the specific role of the solvent polarity on the enantiomeric excess (e.e.). Previous results reported in the literature on the same substrate or on similar unsaturated short chain acids have been verified for a feasible industrial application. A linear correlation between the dielectric constant of the solvent (ɛ) and the e.e. was observed, with a decrease in e.e. by increasing ɛ. The highest enantiomeric excess (e.e.=48%) was obtained with n-hexane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In order to evaluate the nature and prevalence of audiovestibular disturbances in mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC), 32 consecutive MC patients were studied by a wide audiological and vestibular examination. Pure tone audiometry, impedance audiometry, brainstem response audiometry and vestibular function were performed. Patients with a previous history of ear damag due to other well-known agents were excluded from the study. In MC patients we found a rather frequent audiovestibular involvement (34.3%). Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was found in seven MC patients (22%) and altered vestibular function test values in other seven subjects (22%). Moreover, anamnestic and clinical data revealed a high incidence of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo in our MC series. We can suppose that immune complex-mediated microvascular involvement of the labyrinthine vessels may be responsible for inner ear damage in MC. Thus, audiovestibular disturbances may be included among various organ involvement of the MC. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

High-resolution MR of the inner ear performed in 3 consecutive pediatric patients affected by distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) revealed enlarged vestibular aqueducts (LVA) (bilateral in 1 case and unilateral in 2). LVA is associated to sporadic, progressive SNHL, often secondary to minor head trauma and activities involving the Valsalva maneuver. We believe that the presence of LVA may have contributed to the onset of SNHL and its progression in our patients, and therefore want to stress the importance of morphological studies of the inner ear in patients affected by dRTA and SNHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]